APF PowerPoint: Unit 1

BASIC DEFINITIONS•Repetition – one complete movement of an exercise. Repetition consists of concentric and eccentric muscle actions.

•Set – group of repetitions performed continuously without stopping. A set is usually 1 to 15 repetitions.

Overload (Progressive)- The practice of continually increasing the stress placed on the muscle as it becomes capable of producing greater force or has more endurance

• Power – How fast you can complete a given repetition with proper form and technique.

• Repetition Maximum (RM) – maximum number or repetitions per set that can be performed at a given resistance with proper lifting technique.

• Intensity - The percentage of the 1RM or any RM for the exercise. Intensity is closely related to Power Output. The minimal intensity to result in increased strength is 60% to 65% of the 1RM.

BASIC DEFINITIONS

ORDER OF EXERCISE

•Exercise order can have an impact on the training stimulus stress level in a training session.

•Larger muscle groups or multi-joint lifts first.

Safety Aspects: Technique•WHAT IS PROPER FORM? “5 Absolutes”

1) Balanced Athletic Position

2) Intended Muscles Move; Other Muscles Stabilize

3) Controlled Full Range of Motion at proper tempo• Power – Fast• Strength – Down in 3 up in 2• Bulk – Down in 4 up in 2• Endurance – Down in 3 up in 2

4-5) Adjust the equipment you are using to proper settings and resistance

Safety Aspects: Breathing•Exhaling during lifting of resistance and inhaling during lowering of the resistance

•Holding your breath during the lifting phase results in elevated blood pressure which requires more energy.

WEIGHT BARSEZ-Curl - 30 lbs

Training Bar – 35 lbs.

Olympic – 45 lbs.

Hex Bar – 55 lbs

Training To Failure•Training to Failure is also referred to as Maximal Voluntary Muscle Action (MVMA)

•In order to make significant strength gains MVMA has to occur at some point during the set.

•This may be a 1RM or at the last few reps of a 10RM

• Studies have proven that over an 8wk (APF?) training program that the use of MVMA can promote very significant strength gains

SAFETY ASPECTS•Chances of injury can be greatly reduced or completely removed by:

•Using correct lifting techniques•Spotting•Proper breathing•Proper warm-up•Proper volume of weight•Maintaining equipment in good working condition•Wearing appropriate clothing

Safety Aspects: Proper Spotting•Purposes

• Ensure Safety of Participants

•Assist trainee with exercise• Must be strong enough• If you are truly lifting to failure you need to have a

spotter

•Motivate, encourage, and coach a partner

•Summon help if an accident occurs

•Spotters Should – MOTIVATE, ENCOURAGE,& ASSIST

BASIC DEFINITIONS•Concentric Muscle Action – muscles involved are shortened. Contraction where the force is greater than the resistance.

•Eccentric Muscle Action – muscles involved are lengthened in a controlled manner. In eccentric muscle action the force is less than the resistance.

•Strength – the maximum amount of force a muscle or muscle group can generate in aspecific movement pattern at a specificvelocity of movement.

PRIMARY vs. ASSISTING MUSCLES•When learning the different lifts of the day we will cover primary and assistant muscle groups.

•Primary movers are the main muscle groups responsible for completing the action/movement. Typically they are the larger muscles in the body.

•Assisting muscles are typically the smaller muscle groups but are necessary to complete the action.

Resistance Training SystemsResistance training systems refer to formats of weight training in reference to volume of weight, periodization, choice of exercises, and set & repetition combinations

• Some systems have been scientifically proven to result in greater increases in strength, power, or hypertrophy than other training systems

Common mistakes when examining a program:• Assuming that because a champion weight lifter, body

builder, or even friend, has success with it that it is best for you

• Assuming that a training record/log is a waste of time. A Training record documents a person’s exact response to a specific program.

Training Volume• The higher the training volume, the higher the

muscular hypertrophy.

• Larger training volumes appear to be important when the goal is:1.To decrease % body fat2.To increase lean body mass3.Muscular hypertrophy

• Larger training volumes result in a slower loss of strength gains after cessation of training.

Training Volume• The total amount of work / in a training session

/ in a week / in a month / in a year.

• The total amount of weight lifted.

• It is the sum of the poundage of every repetition performed.

• Example: 8 repetitions of 250 pounds = 2000 pounds lifted. 3 sets of that are 6000 pounds lifted.

• The variation in the training volume and intensity.

• It is extremely important for optimal gains in strength.

• Generally lifting plan that covers 8 to 12 weeks.

• Within this time period, a lifter varies their weight, sets, and rep combinations

Periodization

• Generally a lifting plan that covers 8-12 weeks where the lifter varies their weight, sets, and rep combinations.

• There is a progressive variation in training volume and intensity yielding optimal gains in strength.

• An example for the first 3-4 weeks would be performing lifts at 65% of 1RM, 3 sets, 12/12/failure and then progressing to 75% of 1RM, 3 sets, 10/10/failure in weeks 5-8.

Periodization

Typically for athletics• Off-season - 3 month period to develop

maximum strength gains.• Pre-season - 3 month period to continue

strength gains and integrate sport skill development.

• In- season - 3 month period to maintain strength level.

• Post-season - 3 month period to re-establish basic strength program.

Periodization

Multiple Set SystemThis system has attracted the most research because it appears to be most effective system.

• Performing a 5-6 RM of at least 3 sets has shown to be the optimal intensity for strength increase

• Multiple set training with no change in variables for an extended period of time, typically results in plateauing

**The majority of training systems are variations of the multiple-set system**

Single Set SystemGains in strength using a single-set system have been demonstrated through many studies.

When compared to multiple-set training, single-set training (1 set of 10 repetitions) results in significantly smaller strength gains.

Due to the smaller amount of training volume, the single-set system does not support long-term strength gains.

**The single-set system appears to be most beneficial to those that have very little time for training or for a specific 3-4 week in-season training.**

Lift of the Day

• CYBEX SEATED ROW• Primary: Latissimus Dorsi,

Rear Deltoids, Rhomboids• Assisting: Biceps• Adjust pads to allow for full

arm extension• High grip vs. Low grip• Sit upright with back flat

and straight• Pull toward chest with

separation of hands to allow arms to pull as far as possible

Dumbbell Fly•

•CHEST FLY•PECTORALIS, ANT. DELTOIDS•Back flat on bench, feet on floor•Dumbbells are held directly over the chest with arms extended straight•Dumbbells lowered in a wide arc until they are level with shoulders or chest•Wrists are rigid and elbows slightly flexed•Raise dumbbells to starting position using a wide arc pattern until weight is centered over chest•Spotter helps at forearms, not elbows

Lunges

LUNGES:QUADRICEPS, GLUTES, HAMSTRINGSBody weight or added weightFull stride with forward leg bent at 90 degreesForward knee over toe. Not beyond.Back leg 90 degrees to straightUpright posture: shoulders back, chest up

Standing Bicep Curl

Standing bicep curl:Stand erect, feet at shoulder widthSupinated grip at shoulder widthRaise bar with arm action only, do not arch the back, jerk, or bounce barFinish movement with biceps fully flexed and bar held highMany variations of other bicep curls: alternating, hammer, preacher, machine, concentration, etc.

Tricep Kickback

TRICEP KICKBACKS:TRICEPSBalanced bent over postureHold elbow high and constantWeight starts in hanging positionSlowly extend arms to straight position with elbow remaining stationarySlowly return weight to original positionAvoid pendulum swing with arm

Upright RowUpright Row:Upper trapezius, deltoids, bicepsOverhand grip bar with hands approx. 6” apartSlight bend in knees with upright posture, shoulders back, head and chest straight forwardBegin position is arms extended straight downLead with elbows as bar is pulled to a finish position directly under chin with elbows up and even with ears

Roman ChairLow Ab Flexion: for all execisesyou want controlled movement• Knees to Chest• Legs Straight• Legs Straight w/ Resistance

Dips:• Triceps, anterior deltoids,

pectorals• Start with arms extended

supporting body weight over handles

• Lower body slowly with upper arms parallel to the floor and elbow bent at 90 degrees

• Press body back to start position

Back Squat

• Primary: Gluteus, Quadriceps, Hamstrings• Assisting: Full body as stabilizers (Core)• Balanced athletic stance• Feet shoulder width• Bar balanced on upper trapezius• Back flat• Eyes and head straight forward• Lower to thighs parallel to floor• Brief pause at each end of R.O.M.• Spotter behind lifter and ready

Back Squat

Bench Press

• Primary: Pectorals• Assist: Deltoids, Triceps• Back flat on bench• Grip evenly balanced from center• Grip varies depending on emphasis• Forearms perpendicular to bar at sticking point• Bar touches midline of chest (no bounce, no

arched back)• Extended position directly over shoulders• Spotter provides balanced assistance

Bench Press

Lift of the DayLEG EXTENSIONS• Primary: Quadriceps• Torso erect, back flat,

hips on pad• Slowly raise weight

until legs straight. Pause at full extension

• Slowly lower weight until knees are fully bent and weight barely touching stack. Pause at flexion

Lift of the DayLeg Curls• Primary: HAMSTRINGS• Adjust to machine fit• Legs start straight• Flex hamstrings until

heel as close to buttocks as possible. Full R.O.M.

• Pause in the flexed position

• Slowly lower weight until legs return to straight position.

• Pause at full extension. Do not swing weight with momentum providing the force.

Lift of the Day

Incline Press• Primary: Upper

pectorals• Assisst: Deltoids,

Triceps• Back remains flat

against pad• Hips lower than knees• Balanced grip• Bar touch top of chest• Movement straight up

from chest

Lift of the DayShoulder Press / Military Press:• Primary: DELTOIDS• Assisting: TRICEPS• Stand with feet wider than shoulder width and a

slight bend in the knees• Barbell is held at shoulder width• Bar is press straight up from shoulders until arms are

fully extended• Bar is returned to original starting position• Spotter assists from behind lifter• Variations: Hammer Strength, Dumbbells,

Barbell, and Bands

Shoulder Press

Lift of the Day

Swiss Ball Crunch• Primary: Upper

abdominals• Low back resting on ball• Curl trunk forward, upper

chest toward pelvis• Hold 2-5 seconds in

crunched tucked position• Added challenge by

keeping arms behind head

FlexibilityFlexibility – the ability to move a joint through normal range of motion (explanation required)

Benefits of good Flexibility:Improves physical and athletic performanceDecreases the frequency and severity of injuriesDecreases muscle soreness and recovery timeJoint health – insures long term benefits of mobilityImproves posture and prevents low back pain and injuriesRelaxation and stress management

Flexibility Training GuidelinesUse a variety of stretching modes such as dynamic, static, or a functional warm upStatic stretching - A stretch is held in a challenging but comfortable position for a period of time, usually somewhere between 10 to 30 seconds. Static stretching is the most common form of stretching found in general fitness and is considered safe and effective for improving overall flexibility.Dynamic Stretching - Active movements of muscle that bring forth a stretch but are not held in the end position.Functional/Dynamic warm up - a series of sport specific movements that are designed to prepare the muscles for performance and are done in a safe and controlled fashion. Dynamic stretching used but also movements to increase heart rate and increase blood flow which, in turn, warms up the muscles.Perform at least one major stretch for each major muscle group of the bodyStretch to the point of mild discomfort, not painStretch both sides of the body and opposing muscle groups. Balance.Stretch the target muscle groups in different planes to improve overall range ofmotion at the jointIncrease intensity and duration gradually over time. Stretching + time = improved flexibilityStretching after warm ups and /or workouts is more effective for increasing flexibility.

Lift of the Day

SHOULDER PRESS:

• DELTOIDS, TRICEPS

• Stand balances with feet wider than shoulder width and a slight bend in the knees

• Barbell is held at shoulder width• Bar is press straight up from

shoulders until arms are fully extended

• Bar is returned to original starting position

• Spotter assists from behind lifter• Variations of Hammer Strength,

Dumbbells, Smith Machine, and Barbell

Flexibility BasicsFlexibility: the ability to move a joint through the normal range of motion

Flexibility is:

Adaptable: increases with regular program of stretching

Specific: Flexibility in one joint does not mean good flexibility in a another joint.

Flexibility can be achieved through stretching.

Static: Holding a stretch at the end of a joints ROM

Dynamic: Continuous stretching with movement

Flexibility Cont.Benefits of Good Flexibility• Injury Prevention• Decreased Muscle Soreness• Improved Athletic Performance• Healthy Joints• Good Posture• Healthy Lower Back

Guidelines for Flexibility Training• Warm muscles first, then stretch• Stretch to mild discomfort and not pain• Hold Stretch 10-30 sec, rest 30-60 sec, repeat• Increase intensity and duration over time