APF Issue 34

76
REPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY REPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE An MDM PUBLICATION Issue 34 – June 2010 www.mdmpublishing.com An MDM PUBLICATION Issue 34 – June 2010 www.mdmpublishing.com

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Reporting to the Asia Pacific Fire Protection and Fire Service Industry

Transcript of APF Issue 34

Page 1: APF Issue 34

REPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRYREPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINEASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE

An MDM PUBLICATIONIssue 34 – June 2010

www.mdmpublishing.com

An MDM PUBLICATIONIssue 34 – June 2010

www.mdmpublishing.com

APF34_ofc 14/6/10 3:18 pm Page ofc1

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AUSTRALIAGaam Emergency Products-AUPhone : 61394661244Fax : [email protected]

CHINAShanghai Jin De IndustryPhone: 862136050599Fax: [email protected]

HONG KONGRotter International Ltd.Phone: 85227517770Fax: [email protected]

INDIAForemost Technico Pvt LtdPhone: +91 (11) 2619 6982Fax: +91 (11) 2616 [email protected]

INDONESIAPt Palmas Entraco

Phone: +62 (21) 384 1681

Fax: +62 (21) 380 2660

[email protected]

JAPAN / TAIWANYone CorporationPhone: 81758211185Fax: [email protected]

MALAYSIASentrix Technology Sdn BhdPhone: +603 8023-5228Fax: +603 [email protected]

NEW ZEALANDTyco Safety ProductsPhone: 6445608127Fax: [email protected]

PHILIPPINESAlliance Industrial SalesPhone: 6328908818Fax: [email protected]

SINGAPORES.K. Fire Pte. Ltd.Phone: 6568623155Fax : [email protected]

SOUTH KOREAShilla Fire Co., Ltd.Phone: 820236659011Fax: [email protected]

THAILANDAnti-fire Co., Ltd.Phone: 66 2 259-6898Fax: 66 2 [email protected]

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w.t

ft.c

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For excellent quality fire fighting equipment visit www.tft.com and call your local distributor for a demonstration. Display equipment,

literature and digital data can be obtained by contacting your trained TFT distributor.

TASK FORCE TIPS, INC.

3701 Innovation Way, Valparaiso, IN 46383-9327 USA

With one heavy duty Stainless Steel ball valve

to shutoff the nozzle you get a 100% reliable

and low maintenance unit.

NFPA 1964

CompliantFM

APPROVED

QuadraFog Nozzle

Stainless Steel Fog TeethFog Teeth made from 316 stainless steel offer

enhanced resistance to damage and increased

corrosion resistance. Strong equipment designed

to last a long time in harsh environments.

Top Quality Material

Fixed or

Spinning Teeth110 - 2000 l/min Fixed,

Selectable or Automatic

110, 230, 360 & 470 l/min

QuadraCupSelectable Foam Nozzle

The TFT QuadraCup is a rugged and dependable selectable gallonage nozzle with a retractable foam aspiration sleeve. When the outer

sleeve is in the retracted position, the nozzle operates the same as the TFT QuadraFog. Flow can be set to any one of four settings, or

to a flush mode. The front end can be rotated from straight stream through wide fog patterns. Uniquely cut fixed metal fog teeth produce

a wide range of fog patterns.

Available in either tip-only configuration or with a stainless ball shutoff, the QuadraCup is also available with optional

colored pistol grip and handle covers (NFPA 1901 (A.16.9.1).

38 mm Coupling

QuadraFog Selectable Liter Nozzle

Document8 3/6/10 11:48 am Page 1

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 1

Front Cover Picture: Singapore CivilDefence search through a collapsed hotelfollowing the 2009 Padang Earthquake.Courtesy of Saraid

PublishersMark Seton & David Staddon

Editorial ContributorsIan Turner, Alfred Thornton, RodCarringer, The S.E.A. Group, James“Andy” Lynch, Ernst Hepler, EdwardE. Hartin, MS, EFO, MIFireE, CFO

APF is published quarterly by:MDM Publishing Ltd The Abbey Manor Business Centre,The Abbey, Preston Road, Yeovil,Somerset BA20 2EN, United KingdomTel: +44 (0) 1935 426 428Fax: +44 (0) 1935 426 926 Email: [email protected]: www.mdmpublishing.com

©All rights reserved

Subscription RatesSterling – £50.00 AUS Dollars – $100.00US Dollars – $70.00 (Prices include Postage and Packing)ISSN – 1476-1386

DISCLAIMER:The views and opinions expressed in ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE are notnecessarily those of MDM Publishing Ltd.The magazine and publishers are in noway responsible or legally liable for anyerrors or anomalies made within theeditorial by our authors. All articles are protected by copyright and writtenpermission must be sought from thepublishers for reprinting or any form ofduplication of any of the magazinescontent. Any queries should be addressedin writing to the publishers.

Reprints of articles are available on request.Prices on application to the Publishers.

Page design by DorchesterTypesetting Group LtdPrinted in Singapore

REPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRYREPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINEASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE

An MDM PUBLICATIONIssue 34 – June 2010

www.mdmpublishing.com

An MDM PUBLICATIONIssue 34 – June 2010

www.mdmpublishing.com

June 2010Issue 34 Contents

Collins to join MDM Publishing Ltd as Group Editor

Well known industry figure Graham Collins will join MDM Publishing Ltd as GroupEditor, starting in June 2010. He will take direct responsibility for all editorialmatters involving MDM’s three leading trade magazines, International Fire

Protection, International Fire Fighter and Asia Pacific Fire. When asked to comment on the appointment Collins said “I am thrilled to be joining such an exciting and dynamicorganisation as the Group Editor. MDM Publishing Ltd has established its titles as theleading business to business international journals available to fire professionals around the

world. I am looking forward to shaping new editorial features and exciting new content in the comingmonths within all three journals”.

Graham has worked and lived in the USA, Middle East, France, Germany and Japan and brings over 15 years experience in the international fire industry, particularly fire suppression, foam concentrates andhardware, detection and alarm systems and emergency response. He has been a regular contributor in firesafety and construction industry magazines including the MDM Publishing Ltd titles. He has also worked as aspecialist campaigns director for a fire industry PR company for the past 20 years. Graham is married andlists photography as one of his major interests.

59-63

05 NFPA Foreword

06-14 News &

Product Profiles

17-23 The

International Search &

Rescue Response to

the 2009 Padang

Earthquake

25-26 Fire

Suppression

29-32 Large Fires

Require Large Water

and Foam Flows

35-37 The Ins and

Outs of Breathing

39-42 The Advance

of Video Image

Detection

45-50 Structural

Fire Fighting Helmets

Roundup

53-57 Prepared for

the Unavoidable?

59-63 Live Fire

Training as Simulation

64-71 Distributor &

Representative Office

Listing

72 Advertisers’ Index

39-42

35-37

29-32

25-26

17-23

53-57

45-50

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www.mdmpuHi-Tech P

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Up-To-Date? It’s Up to You! NFPA® membership is indispensable for more than 81,000 professionals worldwide. What about you? It’s an easy decision for anyone involved with protecting people and property, because NFPA keeps members on top of breakthroughs, research, and technology...and in control of their careers. Join now and SAVE 10% on NFPA codes, products, and seminars, while you stay up-to-date with:

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NFPA Whole page 3/12/07 9:14 AM Page 1

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 5

By James M. Shannon

NFPA President & CEO Istarted my education in standards developmentby asking questions of our staff. All of the staff,especially Art Cote, who was then our chief

engineer, were generous with their time andpatient with me as I began to learn about theNFPA standards development system. When Ilearned that we had about 300 documents thatincorporated the work of 7,000 technical commit-tee members, I wondered why so many peoplewould volunteer so much valuable time and howthe work of those volunteers could ever beefficiently channeled in our system. When Ilearned that the process was open to anyone,around the world who wanted to participate andthat our system had multiple opportunities forinterested parties to make their case for amend-ments to our documents, I have to admit that Iwas more than a little skeptical that we couldprocess so many documents of substance andcomplexity on the regular revision schedules.

As the months passed and I worked with ourstaff, attended my first technical committee andStandards Council meetings, and sat through myfirst technical session at our Annual Meeting, Ibegan to understand the unique role played byNFPA and other organizations that develop safetystandards in a consensus process. People, who relyon our standards and codes, including countriesthat adopt them into law, can be confident thatthe rules under which they are developed are fairand open, that decisions are based on technicalmerits, and that no interest can dominate theprocess to serve its own purposes. We work hardto attract the best people to our process and tomake sure that our rules are followed, becauseeverything we do depends upon our reputation asan honest, unbiased steward of the process.

But I also concluded that having a strong andwell-managed process, with all the necessary pro-tections scrupulously enforced, is just part of theanswer to the question of why NFPA has beensuch a force in fire and electrical safety for so long.The other part is the enthusiasm and commitmentof those who participate in our process. When youhave seen a few cycles of the National ElectricalCode® or the Life Safety Code®, or if you havehad the chance to spend some time with technicalcommittee members who work on the sprinklercodes or the National Fire Alarm Code®, you musthave been struck, as I have been over and overagain, by the enthusiasm and commitment of thepeople who participate in our process.

For them, involvement with NFPA is not a job: itis a cause. They might have gotten into theprocess for professional reasons, but for the over-whelming majority of our participants, the processand the way it enhances safety for millions ofpeople worldwide have become important reasonsfor their continued participation. The enthusiasmthat I saw in the staff when I first came to NFPA,and that I still see every day, is the same enthusi-asm I see whenever I speak with our volunteers.

I believe that the United States standards devel-opment process, in bringing together so manydiverse interests and so much technical expertise inthe effort to reach consensus, is the best standardssystem in the world, and I am proud to say thatthere is no better example of that system at itsbest than NFPA’s. There are already many opportu-nities for international constituents to participatein the process and as the use of the internetcontinues to grow and technology improves it isbecoming even easier for people in differentlocations to become involved. APF

Foreword When Process Meets CommitmentWhen I first came to work at NFPA more than 19 years ago, I arrived with noexperience in standards development and, candidly, only a rudimentaryunderstanding that government and industry relied on a private system todetermine appropriate minimum safety requirements. In those early days of myNFPA career, I set out to learn as much as I could as quickly as I could, because asNFPA General Counsel I was expected to provide legal advice to our StandardsCouncil and staff.

FOREWORD

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6 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

More than 100 exhibitors from Asia, Europeand the USA will showcase their buildingtechnology products at ELECTRICALBUILDING TECHNOLOGY GUANGZHOU to beheld 9–12 June 2010 at the China Importand Export Fair Pazhou Complex,Guangzhou, China.

Due to increased exhibitor numbers for the2010 show, the exhibition floor space hasincreased by 25 per cent to 5,000 sqm.Exhibitors will include leading industry playerssuch as (listing by country and region):Dynalite (Australia), Beckhoff Automation(Germany), Graesslin (Germany), HKCTechnology (Hong Kong), Passion Living(Hong Kong), Renewable Energy Group (HongKong), Simon Electric (Spain), DAE InstrumentCorp (Taiwan) and Echelon Corp (USA).

KNX China, providers of aninternational home and buildingelectronic standard sign up forshow Also taking part in Electrical BuildingTechnology Guangzhou is first time exhibitorKNX China which develops and promotes aworldwide standard for home and buildingcontrol. This standard is based on more than20 years experience and is approved as theChinese standard GB/Z 20965 as well as aninternational standard (ISO/IEC 14543-3). TheKNX China 150 sqm booth will include anon-site presentation area and a networkingarea for business discussions.

KNX China’s board directors all come fromworldwide leading brands of intelligentbuilding companies that include ABB, Hager,Schneider Electric and Siemens.

“We are very happy and honoured towelcome KNX China to the show,” said Mr Jason Cao, General Manager of MesseFrankfurt in China. “As Asia’s most importantforum for intelligent building servicestechnologies and a comprehensive sourcinghub for architectural technologies, ElectricalBuilding Technology Guangzhou is an idealindustry platform for KNX. It is a veryimportant organisation as China is still relianton foreign expertise for the latest buildingtechnology and the KNX standard is helpingto develop the country’s building automationmarket by offering convenience, more safetyand higher energy savings.”

Fringe programme eventsexpected to attract recordattendanceElectrical Building Technology Guangzhou willcontinue its popular fringe programme withtwo important events – the Electrical BuildingTechnology Symposium 2010 and the KNXSeminar.

The Electrical Building TechnologySymposium will be presented on 10 June inco-operation with the Intelligent BuildingCommittee of China Construction IndustryAssociation, a division of China Construction

Industry Association. This year’s theme isEnergy Saving and Intelligent Buildingtechnologies.

The KNX Seminar will be held on June 10,during which time the association will sharethe latest news about its standard andtechnical application for green buildings,hotels and residential properties.

Electrical Building Technology Guangzhouis part of the architecture and technologyfairs of Messe Frankfurt, headed by thebiennial Light+Building event in Frankfurt.The Guangzhou show is organised byGuangzhou Guangya Messe Frankfurt andruns concurrently with the GuangzhouInternational Lighting Exhibition.

For more information, please visitwww.building.messefrankfurt.com.cn orcontact the organiser, Guangzhou GuangyaMesse Frankfurt at [email protected]

Electrical Building TechnologyGuangzhou, 9–12 June 2010China Import and Export Fair, Pazhou Complex, Guangzhou, China

DETECTOR ELECTRONICSCORPORATION (Det-Tronics)GT3000 Toxic Gas Detectorshave received ATEXhazardous location andperformance certification. Inaddition, GT3000 Toxic GasDetectors are FM, CSA, CE,and IECEx certified andhave earned the IP66 rating.Det-Tronics is part of UTCFire & Security, a unit ofUnited Technologies Corp.(NYSE:UTX). The GT3000family is a group ofelectrochemical fixed-pointdetectors that provide non-intrusive calibration,communication via 4-20mAwith HART protocol, andthe ability to swap sensorswithout de-classifyinghazardous areas.

A GT3000 detectorconsists of a transmitter(GTX) and a sensor module(GTS). The transmittergenerates a 4-20mA outputsignal with HART that is

proportional to theconcentration of the targetgas and corresponds directlyto 0-100% full scale.

Currently, the GT3000family includes sensors thatdetect these gases: hydrogensulfide (H2S), oxygen (O2),carbon monoxide (CO),ammonia (NH3), chlorine(Cl2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).More gases will be addedsoon.

“Although GT3000 isapproved as a stand-alonedevice,” says productdevelopment manager MikeBragg, “many users choose topartner it with our FlexVu®

Universal Display for quickdevice set up and easy accessto sensor status.”

For more information pleasecontact:Detector ElectronicsCorporation (Det-Tronics)Tel: +1 952 941 5665Website: www.det-tronics.com

More than 100 leading industry players will showcase theirbuilding technology productsKNX China, providers of an international home and buildingelectronic standard sign up for showFringe programme events expected to attract record attendance

Det-Tronics® GT3000 Toxic GasDetector Family ReceivesATEX Approval

The Det-Tronics GT3000toxic gas detector (shownwith FlexVu® UniversalDisplay) is anelectrochemical fixed-point sensor andtransmitter providingHART communication,non-intrusive calibration,and hot-swap sensors

P. 06-12 News 14/6/10 3:21 pm Page 6

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 7

PRODUCT PROFILE

Light and gastight: Dräger CPS 5900

Choosing the correct protective clothing is keywhen working with dangerous substances orhazardous goods. The new CPS 5900 Dräger

offers a lightweight, gastight protective suit that pro-tects against many industrial chemicals. The singleexposure protective suit was developed for low-risksituations such as control measurements or the trans-fer of toxic substances without risk of explosion. Withits protective function, the new limited use suit meetsthe International requirements of firefighting, rescueservices and industries. The CPS 5900 is the world’sfirst chemical protective suit approved by EN 943 Part1 & 2 (ET) and the SOLAS Convention.

Maximum protection with high comfort The comfort of the protective suit affects the physicaland psychological capacity of the user. The CPS 5900provides high freedom of movement through itsflexible material and has a hip strap for size adjust-ment. All personal protective gear is worn inside theone-piece suit. Through the flexible two-layer visor,the wearer has a nearly natural field of vision.

The zipper of the CPS 5900 is protected from external influences by a double flap with con-tinuous Velcro and allows for easy dressing andundressing. The integrated gastight socks withsplash guard also ensure safety.

Dräger supplies the gastight CPS 5900 suit with adual glove system, consisting of inner gloves with alaminated barrier against chemicals and elastic outergloves made from butyl. The gloves are securedwith a locking cuff on the suit so the wearer canexchange the gloves if necessary.

The Dräger CPS 5900 is available in five differentsizes: 1.50 m to 2.10 m height (4’9’’ to 6’8’’) (S, M,L, XL, XXL).

The CPS 5900 is manufactured by Dräger SafetyAG & Co. KGaA.

Second skin for tough assignments:Dräger CPS 7900Dräger has developed and produced chemical pro-tection suits for over 50 years. These years of experi-ence are evidenced by the new gas-tight DrägerCPS 7900, which also easily meets internationalstandards. The reusable suit is resistant to flames,chemicals, warfare agents, and liquefied gasses. Inaddition, it displays high mechanical resistance andcan be used in potentially explosive atmospheres.

Five material layers protect againstexternal influencesChemical protective suits (CPS) are essential forworking with hazardous chemicals. For assignmentsunder these extreme conditions, the new gas-tightDräger CPS 7900 offers higher protection. Its newsuit material, D-mex, enables a special resistance to

a wide variety of toxic substances and offerscomprehensive protection from chemical effects,liquefied gasses, and bursts of flames.

D-mex protects during work in potentially explo-sive atmospheres as well as with the handling offrozen substances and hazardous substances attemperatures down to –80°C. The suit even retainsits protective effect if the surface is damaged. Thematerial combination of a sturdy elastomer layer,chemically resistant laminate layer, and tearprooftextile ensures this.

Exceeds international standardsNumerous international and national standards, forexample the European EN 943-2 and the SOLAS-convention specify the safety standards for chemicalprotection suits. Due to its new textile material,Dräger CPS 7900 not only meets all the specifiedstandards for reusable protection suits, but alsoexceeds the requirements for emergency teams fromfirefighters, rescue services, and industry.

Ergonomic details and accessoriesmake daily operations easierThe working conditions for CPS wearers areextremely demanding. The CPS 7900 reduces thesestresses through its wearing comfort and ergonomicfunctional details. The light and flexible suit materialin blue or orange conforms to the wearer’s move-ments. The suit design allows high freedom ofmovement. In addition, there are five suit sizes avail-able for emergency teams from 1.5 m to 2.10 m. Inaddition, with the aid of length adjustments, thewearer can adjust the pace length individually. Theanti-fog disk prevents fogging of the visor andensures an almost natural field of view.

Three options of glove combinations, which canbe fastened quickly and without tools to the suit,enable the retention of fine motor skills as much aspossible. Exchangeable boot connections and func-tional safety boots offer the wearer secure footing.

The optional accessories expand the possibilitiesfor application of the new Dräger CPS 7900. Amanometer holder on the edge of the visor helpsthe wearer to keep the air pressure in sight withouthaving to remove his arm from the sleeve. The D-Connect is used for attaching measuring instru-ments or tools both on the left and right hip andcan be used for crash rescue by injured persons aswell. Moreover, if the air supply of the compressedair breathing apparatus is not sufficient for theentire mission, the Air-Connect and the PT 120 Lcontrol valve on the front of the suit offers aconnection to an external breathing air source. Thecontrol valve also makes it possible to cool the suitand thus increases the wearing comfort.

The CPS 7900 is manufactured by Dräger SafetyAG & Co. KGaA. APF

Dräger ChemicalProtective Suits –CPS 5900 & CPS 7900As an alternative to the known reusable protective suits, Dräger has developedthe new CPS 5900. The limited use suit easily meets and exceeds European andInternational standards of protection.

For more information, pleasevisit www.draeger.com

Dräger CPS 5900

Dräger CPS 7900

P. 07 Draeger Profile 14/6/10 3:22 pm Page 7

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GNIRUTCAFUNAMNOITAIVAENIRAM/EROHSFFOGNILDNAH/EGAROTS LEUF

www.ansulinfo.com/apfoam

Tyco Fire Suppression & Building Products - Asia Pacific • 2 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #07-01 Fu Yu Building, Singapore 554911

JUST A FEW OF THE PLACES ANSUL® FOAM MAKES PERFECT SENSE.

For that matter, advanced ANSUL Firefighting Foams protect �ammable liquids wherever they are

manufactured, stored, dispensed, processed or transported. Every ANSUL foam — AFFF, AR-AFFF,

High- Expansion, �uoroprotein and protein — is the result of extensive research, development and testing at

the ANSUL Fire Technology Center. Our concentrates are tested to international standards and

speci�cations. And ANSUL foam is delivered through a wide range of portable and �xed foam systems,

generators, proportioning equipment and discharge devices.

ANSUL Firefighting Foams. No matter how you spell it, it comes out P-R-O-T-E-C-T-I-O-N.

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 9

ANSUL FoamSystemsSafeguard JetFuel Tank FarmFire hazards are particularly evident in the aviation industry, where theyconstantly handle flammable fuel storage tanks. Given the extensive costs ofhangers and modern aircrafts, a fire would result in substantial asset andproperty loss. Such severe damages can result in unimaginable devastation toemployees and travelers alike. With such significant risks, the fuel storage facilitycannot afford a system, which is anything less than the best.

The Jet Fuel Tank Farm at Washing-ton Dulles International Airport inWashington DC handles, stores

and transports large volumes of flam-mable liquids every day. In such com-petitive industries of high-efficiencyadvancements, there tend to be higherrisks involved, which will require anequally higher efficient safety precau-tion and fire protection. The partnershipformed between Jet Fuel Tank Farm andTyco Fire Suppression & BuildingProducts (TFS&BP), two distinguishedorganisations, successfully establishedANSUL Foam Fire Suppression Systemand ancillary equipment as a trustworthyname in providing uncompromisedquality and efficiency.

Established in 1962, WashingtonDulles International Airport operates asa major hub for domestic and interna-tional air travel with eleven domesticlegacy and low fare carriers and 22international carriers. Located in thecapital city of United State of America(USA), they fly all year round and pro-vide air services throughout the world.For a major airport in USA’s capital city like Wash-ington Dulles International to operate smoothlyevery day, it is necessary to advocate efficiency toproperly handle fuel storage tanks as well as toensure employee safety.

As the world’s leading special hazard fire sup-pression brand in the industry, ANSUL – a premiumbrand of TFS&BP – offers the widest selection ofpremium foam agents and equipments. With over70 years of industry experience and expertise inspecial hazard fire suppression, TFS&BP extensivelyresearches and focuses on developing premiumtechnological solutions and improving existingones. With ANSUL’s sophisticated and competentFoam System installed, the Jet Fuel Tank Farm isnow properly equipped to combat fire hazards,

providing peace of mind to facility staffs andowners.

The Jet Fuel Tank Farm owns six storage tanks,which hold over 14 million gallons (52 millionlitres) of Jet-A Fuel. With numerous expectationsand responsibilities to fulfill in the fuel storagefacility, the organisation will need to raise theirsafety and security standards, in such volatile envi-ronments as the airline industry, where there maytend to be tremendous fire risks and chemical haz-ards. There should be maximised attentiveness andsafety measures particularly in situations that canlead to devastation and loss of lives. The substan-tial amount of Jet-A Fuel stored in the Jet FuelTank Farm at Washington Dulles International Air-port must be equipped with superior firefighting

PRODUCT PROFILE

P. 09-10 Ansul profile 14/6/10 3:22 pm Page 9

Page 12: APF Issue 34

foam system that rapidly responses and puts outfires.

To protect stored flammable liquids and hydro-carbons particularly those in fixed-roof storagetanks, ANSUL fixed foam suppression systems areapplied through one of the following methods ofprotection (a) foam monitors and handlines, (b)surface application with fixed foam discharge out-lets, (c) subsurface application or (d) semi-subsur-face injection methods. ANSUL’s biodegradablefoam equipment and concentrates are bothUnderwriters Laboratories (UL)-listed and FactoryMutual (FM)-approved. The system is designed tooptimize performances while minimizing environ-

mental impact. Functioning effectively to itsutmost capabilities, the system convincingly over-comes fire hazards and chemical risks. Fixed withdischarge devices such as Foam Monitors, FoamChambers and proportioning equipment likePump Skids, the fixed foam system operatescohesively to produce foam solution and direct itsflow at the point of application.

The Balance Pressure Pump Proportioning Sys-tem (Pump Skid) was the chosen design for deliv-ering the foam solution to the tank farm. Whilefoam concentrate is pumped from the tank to theproportioner, an automatic pressure balancingvalve matches foam concentrate pressure to waterpressure. Positive displacement pumps are usedwith this system to allow maximum efficiency forliquids of varying viscosity. The size of pumps and

drivers will vary depending on the application andtype of foam used.

The ANSUL foam system therefore functionswith each component ideally in place. Customizedand designed to cater to the needs of the airlineindustry dealing with fuel storage, the impressivesuppression system provides superb quality andenhances efficiency with the discharge of foam toput out fire hazards. With the system’s intricateconsiderations whether in design, equipmentselection, foam agent application or installation offixed foam systems, ANSUL foam systems assuremaximum efficiency in fire combats particularly inhazardous industries.

Just as the fuel storage facility looks to the mostadvanced material, machinery and technology in theaviation industry, so too must there be adequatemeasures in place to safeguard against theseincreased risks. As increasingly advanced fuels andmachineries pose ever greater fire hazards andvolatility, the millions of dollars and livelihoods in-vested in these industries are constantly at stake. APF

10 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

Customized and designed to cater to the needs of the

airline industry dealing with fuel storage, the impressive

suppression system provides superb quality and

enhances efficiency with the discharge of foam to

put out fire hazards.

For more information, pleasecontact:Tyco Fire Suppression &Building Products – AsiaPacific2 Serangoon North Avenue 5#07-01 Fu Yu BuildingSingapore 554911Tel: +65 6577 4360Fax: +65 6481 8791Email: [email protected]: www.ansul.com

P. 09-10 Ansul profile 14/6/10 3:22 pm Page 10

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 11

NEWS

Full security for visitors providedby state-of-the-art videosurveillance and public addresssystems.

Bosch systems contributing tosmooth and efficient running ofthe event.

700 Bosch cameras and a BoschAllegiant Matrix System protectthe prestigious China Pavilion.

Over 800 Bosch cameras andBosch Public Address systemwith 1,600 speakers installed inthe Expo Axis.BOSCH SECURITY SYSTEMS is one of theprincipal suppliers of security equipmentfor the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai,China.

This event of global significance, whichopened on May 1, 2010 and is scheduledto run until October 31, is expected toreceive between 70 and 100 million

visitors. Within the 5.3 square kilometerExpo site, exhibits from 192 countries and50 organizations are on show. Over the sixmonths that the exposition will run, it willhost around 20,000 cultural performances.

China PavilionThe China Pavilion is one of the largestand most important buildings in theexposition and will be among the legaciesto be left in place at the end of WorldExpo 2010. It highlights the host country’slong-standing history and time-honoredculture.

To protect visitors to the China Pavilion,nearly 700 Bosch high-performancecameras were installed inside and outsidethe pavilion to offer comprehensive real-time monitoring of areas such as thesurroundings, interior exhibition roomsand elevators. The Bosch Allegiant 8900Matrix System was installed in the centralcontrol room of the pavilion. Offering fullmatrix switching capability, the systemdisplays video from any camera on anymonitor and provides powerful alarmhandling capabilities.

Expo AxisConnected to the China Pavilion, the Expo Axis is the central boulevard of theExpo site and consists of steel-glassfunnels with a 1,000 meter longmembrane construction. The Expo Axisproject is the largest single project at theExpo site, and adopts a whole newarchitectural form.

The Expo Axis has been fully equippedwith a Bosch advanced video surveillancesystem comprising more than 800 Boschcameras and a Praesideo digital publicaddress system connected to more than1,600 speakers installed within thestructure’s magnificent architecture.

Expo CenterThe Expo Center is one of the mostimportant permanent venues in theShanghai Expo site, and takes on thefunctions of an operational commandcenter, Festival Conference Center, PressCenter and the Forum Center. After WorldExpo 2010, the Expo Center with morethan 60 meeting spaces will become oneof the leading international conferencecenters in the country. Bosch provided theDCN NG Digital Conference System forExpo Center.

For more information, please contactBosch Security Systems Tel: +49 89 6290 1647Email: [email protected]: www.boschsecurity.com

FIKE announces the expansion of its firealarm and detection products to include anew solution that combines aspiratingsmoke detection (ASD) with gas detectionand environmental monitoring.

VESDA ECO™ by Xtralis™ uses new or existing VESDA pipe networks toreliably detect smoke and up to ninehazardous/combustible gases. It alsointegrates easily with other buildingmanagement systems for real-timesituational awareness and intelligentemergency response.

Invisible hazards can originate from therelease of toxic gases, oxygen deficiency,or the presence of combustible gases/vapors. With a VESDA ECO detectorinstalled on a VESDA pipe network, air canbe conditioned or filtered to removemoisture, dirt and other particulates thatcan cause traditional gas-detectionsystems to false alarm or becomecontaminated.

Each VESDA ECO detector can houseup to two gas sensors, and additionaldetectors can be added easily to the pipenetwork to monitor more gases ifrequired. In its initial release, the solutioncan be configured to detect ammonia(NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen(H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane(CH4), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxygen (O),propane (C3H8) and sulfur dioxide (SO2).

VESDA ECO provides point, zone ortotal-area coverage to suit differentapplications in a wide array of

environments, including battery-chargingrooms, underground utility tunnels, boilerrooms, manufacturing facilities, parkinggarages and transportation centers.

Fike Vice President and GeneralManager Jeff Moore says, “Fike has longpartnered with Xtralis to market the highlyeffective VESDA ASD technology. The newVESDA ECO system will provide Fikecustomers across a wide array of industrieswith early warning fire detection,protection against hazardous gas leaks, airquality monitoring to ensure safe workingenvironments, and help in reducing energyconsumption and costs. This new solutionis also compatible with Fike’s completeproduct offering, including our intelligentand conventional control systems andevent management software packages.”

VESDA ECO easily integrates with Fike’scomplete line of fire alarm control panels,as well as programmable logic controllers(PLC), heating ventilation and airconditioning (HVAC) systems, and buildingmanagement systems (BMS).

Fike is a globally recognized supplier ofproducts and services that protect peopleand critical assets from dangers such asfire, explosions, and over-pressurization.With over 60 years experiencemanufacturing safety solutions, Fike offersa complete line of proven, reliableproducts to customers around the world.

For more information, please visitwww.fike.com

Security systems from Bosch forWorld Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China

Fike offers VESDA ECO™aspirating smoke detectionplus gas detection andenvironmental monitoring

P. 06-12 News 14/6/10 3:21 pm Page 11

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SRG3900TETRAGatewayRepeaterSepura announces the unveiling ofits new Colour Console andSRG3900 TETRA GatewayRepeater radio at the TETRA WorldCongress 2010 in Singapore.

The SRG3900 is the latestevolution of Sepura’s market-leading SRG3500 gateway radio,which has become the TETRAgateway of choice for users fromaround the globe. The SRG3900incorporates all of the marketleading features of the best sellingSRG3500 gateway* andrepeater** including dual consolesupport and outstanding 10 WattsRF Power – which gives this radio thegreatest operational range of any TETRA 2terminal on the market today. It alsosupports the enhanced colour userinterface of Sepura’s flagship STP hand-portable, already well-known to Sepurausers.

The new Sepura Colour Console (SCC)complements the SRG3900 radio. Theconsole’s large high resolution colourscreen allows the display of high quality

photographs and maps. With theintroduction of three text mode sizes and anew ‘night mode’ which reduces glare –ideal when driving at night – Sepura hastaken every possible care to ensure anenhanced user experience.

Together, the SCC and SRG3900incorporate many of the market-leadingfeatures of Sepura’s flagship STP8000 hand-portable that Sepura users find particularlybeneficial during busy periods, such as avery large mode text, context keys – for a

more intuitive use – and missed eventsnotification. In addition,the SCC offers high levelsof water and dustprotection (reflected in itsIP67 rating) which make itideal for installations onmotorbikes and fireengines. With the additionof the Sepura ColourConsole to its productportfolio, Sepura nowoffers the widest range ofconsoles in TETRA.The SRG3900 and the

SCC are both 100%backward compatible with

existing installations of Sepuraradios; organisations will be able toupgrade to the new SRG3900 or SCCwithout the need to rewire their vehicles,hence saving considerable time and cost.

Mark Barnby, Product Manager forSepura commented: “At Sepura we arefully aware that our customers’ investmentin TETRA equipment and vehicle

installations can be considerable. Whenwe introduce new products we make surethat, wherever possible, we minimise theinstallation costs. Both the new SRG3900and Colour Console are perfect examplesof this ethos; they simply plug into existingcabling and mountings. The savingsgenerated for customers by this backwardcompatibility prove once again Sepura’sproactive response to meeting the needsof the market”.

Steve Barber, Head of Product Strategyfor Sepura added: “We are proud toannounce in this very special forum of the12th TETRA World Congress, that theSRG3900 Gateway TETRA radio, theSepura Colour Console (SCC) and our newaccessories are 3 ready to order NOW. Weare confident that the technologyenhancements incorporated in theSRG3900 make it the most competitiveTETRA product in the market today”.

*The gateway acts as a relay point forboth hand-held and other vehicle radios,extending the trunked network into areasof limited coverage or network dead spotsusually found inside buildings, deep insidetunnels or in remote rural locations.**The repeater allows multiple directmode users to exchange voice and datamessages reliably over a wider area, and inareas with no existing network coverage.

For more information, please contact: Rosanna Norman, Sepura plcTel: +44 (0) 1223 877283Email: [email protected]

12 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

The world’s best-selling TETRAGateway just got better

SRG3900 TETRA Gateway Repeater

P. 06-12 News 14/6/10 3:21 pm Page 12

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 13

PRODUCT PROFILE

Imagine the versatility of this modular design forin one instance you can vertically drop the cam-era head 25m into a well or elevator shaft and it

fully water proof to this depth (supplied environ-mental sleeve is required). Or you can attach thestandard probe to horizontally enter a void up tojust under 3m. With the optional tube sets theSearchCam® 3000 converts to a SuperProbeextending the cameras reach to over 5m to viewdebris on the second or third floor of a building.For tight spaces like in vehicle extrication thecamera head module can be handheld by the user.In all instances the operator can control the LEDlighting and powered camera articulation thatnow expands the view to 240º.

The SearchCam® 3000 has the ability to takeindividual digital images or full motion video withsound. These are saved to a standard SecureDigital High Capacity (SDHC) memory card whichcan be transferred easily to a desktop or portablecomputer. Ideal for keeping a record of the eventor viewing video/images out of bright sunlight orinclement weather. Another new feature is theQuick Connect camera head. Currently we havethe choice of a color camera with LED lighting or alow light CCD black & white camera with infraredlighting with more camera options to follow infuture.

Users of the original SearchCam® 2000 will beimpressed with the new power system that elimi-nates the use of the heavy lead acid belt wornpacks and replaces it with two small Lithium Ionbattery sticks. Also gone is the video cable sticking

out of the back of the camera. By using a specifi-cally designed cable integral to the modular tubesets the external probe extension cable has beencompletely eliminated. If that weren’t enough thearticulation mechanism and boot assembly ofSearchCam® 2000 has been removed all togetherand replaced with a new and improved Articulat-ing Camera Head. The rugged, gear-driven camerahead is now clutch equipped to protect the motorand gears from damage during use and sealed ballbearings ensure smooth operation with minimalmaintenance.

Of course the SearchCam® 3000 maintainedthe ability for two-way communication and issupplied with a comfortable high noise headset.

All in all the SearchCam® 3000 is an accumula-tion of direct feedback from our global customerbase of rescue professionals. Our goal is to thedesign and build the best Technical Search andRescue products in the world and provide ongoingvalue for our customers. Which is why we areincorporating cross functionality with the DelsarFamily of Acoustic/Seismic systems as well. Thetwo systems now share the same battery LithiumIon format and as of May 17, 2010 the delsarAcoustic Sensors can utilize the SearchCam 3000tube sets.

We would like to thank our loyal rescuecustomers and welcome new users to contact usor our distribution partners to find out more aboutor equipment. We are confident that we offer themost rugged, reliable and proven technical rescueequipment anywhere. APF

For more information, pleasecontact:Con-SpaceCommunications Ltd.280-13775 CommerceParkwayRichmondBCV6V 2V4CanadaTel: +1 604 244 9323Fax: +1 604 270 2138 Website: www.con-space.com

The New Standardfor TechnicalSearch andRescue CamerasThe SearchCam® 2000, the original technical search and rescue camera set thestandard for audible and visual victim location. The new SearchCam® 3000 doesit all over again, incorporating design improvements gained by years of real-liferescue experience from around the world. The SearchCam® 3000 is fourcameras in one … Handheld Search Camera, Standard Probe Camera, CableProbe Camera and Super Probe camera. This modular design gives the end userextreme value for the money.

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14 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

ISRP samplesthe fragrant airof Hong KongRespiratory protection for fire-fighters and other emergency responders is likely tobe high on the agenda at an international conference in the Asia-Pacific region.

Hong Kong means fragrant harbour and is theapt setting for the 15th international con-ference of the International Society for

Respiratory Protection (ISRP), taking place inSeptember 2010.

The conference promises to be amajor item on the events calendar,with dozens of papers being present-ed over four days. Several presenta-tions, along with keynote addressesfrom invited local authorities, areexpected to cover the field of respi-ratory protection in fire, rescue andemergency response operations, aswell as post-event activities such asforensics and fire investigation.

The Society has been staging bien-nial conferences around the globe since 1984, butthis is the first time such an event has been locatedin China. Previous conferences have been conductedin as diverse places as Dublin, Vancouver, Sydney andYokohama.

JournalThe ISRP was founded in 1983, and has been arespected forum for respiratory protection profes-sionals ever since. The Society has been publishingits own Journal since the inception. The entire cor-pus of scientific papers, articles and discussiondocuments is now available both in print and freeon-line to all members of the ISRP. The archivescomprise around 100 issues, or well over 5,000pages of highly useful knowledge and findings.

Non-members will find hundreds of abstractsfrom past conferences at the ISRP web site.

Recent ISRP conferences have often focussed oncurrent world-wide concerns, including terrorismand chemical threats, as well as the emergence ofSARS, various influenzas and other pandemics,and the selection and use of respiratory protectionfor emergency personnel working in the risk zone.

Other topics include breathing physiology (forinstance the compatibility of respiratory protectionand physically hard work, such as fire fighting andrescue), the design and manufacture of respiratoryprotective devices, new research, and methods oftesting and evaluating respirators.

The theme of the Hong Kong event is Respira-tory Protection: what lies ahead?

New initiativeDuring the past few years, the ISRP has been work-ing on producing and conducting a world-wide

educational program on respiratory protection fordeveloping nations and other places where theawareness of occupational safety and personalbreathing protection may be lacking. It has becomeevident (especially through papers presented atrecent ISRP conferences) that respiratory protectioncould be put to much better and wider use in manycountries, where personal protective equipmentmight be virtually unknown in many workplaces.

Indeed, speakers from Africa, Asia and EasternEurope have expressed concern over the lack ofawareness of breathing hazards in their homeland.

The new ISRP educational initiative comprisesvarious training programs, induction material, on-site instruction, product demonstrations and muchmore. The project is now approaching completion,and pilot programs have been put in action — thelatest one tailored for medical and hospital person-nel in Cambodia (conducted in May 2010). Theresults of this program are sure to come to light atthe upcoming ISRP conference.

Hong Kong conferenceThe 15th ISRP Hong Kong conference runs from the26th to the 30th September 2010 at the Langhamhotel in Kowloon. Apart from several days ofpodium presentations, there will be workshops andround-table sessions on respiratory protection, aswell as many social events such as a cocktail party,excursions, an exhibition, and a gala banquet dinner,all with plenty of opportunities to meet respiratoryprofessionals from all around the world, make newacquaintances, and network with people in the field.

All people connected to any facet of respiratoryprotection are welcome not only to attend the con-ference, but also to submit and present papers. APF

For more information aboutthe International Society forRespiratory Protection,membership and the HongKong conference please visitwww.isrp.com

CONFERENCE PREVIEW

P. 14 ISRP Preview 14/6/10 3:22 pm Page 14

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PADANG EARTHQUAKE

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 17

SARAID is a Non-Governmental (NGO) UKInternational Search and Rescue Team operatedentirely by volunteers and funded by public

and business donations.An NGO is one of the two types of teams that

often deploy on international search and rescuemissions, with governmental organisations beingthe other dominant type of organisation. Govern-ment sponsored search and rescue teams oftenmake up the large teams on a deployment, travel-

ling using either military or chartered aircraft,backed by significant national resources. Whilstthe NGO’s are often smaller, they are no lessimportant. Being non-governmental, they oftenhave the ability to deploy faster with permissionsand paperwork being less of a problem, althoughthey are often restricted to scheduled flights whichcan pose a major problem for deployment.

The other major difference between NGO’s andgovernmental organisations is that NGO’s often

By Ian Turner

SARAID

The InternationalSearch & RescueResponse to the2009 PadangEarthquakeAt 17:16 on 30th September 2009 a magnitude 7.6 earthquake rocked SouthEast Asia. The effects were felt from Jakarta to Singapore, but the Sumatran cityof Padang, just 28 miles from the epicentre, felt the full force of the earthquake.On the morning of 1st October the government of Indonesia issued a requestfor international Search and Rescue assistance. Teams from around the world,including four British teams, had already begun making arrangements to deployto Indonesia and SARAID was one of the British teams that deployed.

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have a more diverse background than a govern-mental sponsored search and rescue team. TheSARAID team deployed to Indonesia was only 10people but within that team there was a Doctor, aStructural Engineer, full time USAR specialists, aPoliceman, an Emergency Planner, a Mechanic andan Electrician. A diverse skill set is a key compo-nent of any international search and rescuedeployment just because of the range of problemsthat needs to be addressed so these diverse NGO’sare equally as important as the larger more heavilyresourced governmental teams.

Although the development of internationalsearch and rescue teams is now supported by theUnited Nations, there are no international laws orrestrictions on a search and rescue team deployingfrom one country to another following a disaster.All teams that deploy are considered guests in thehost country, operating under the host country

laws and directed as necessary by the host coun-tries Local Emergency Management Authority(LEMA). In principal this means that anyone candeploy to help after a disaster, but in practise thiscreates huge problems. The host country often hasseverely restricted resources to both support andco-ordinate.

To deal with this problem, INSARAG (Interna-tional Search and Rescue Advisory Group) has setup guidelines for international search and rescueteams to set out minimum standards for searchand rescue teams and is currently undertakingassessments of teams against the guidelines. Ifteams adhere to these minimum standards, theco-ordination and the resourcing of internationalsearch and rescue teams will be significantlyimproved.

All international search and rescue teams thatoperate in accordance with the INSARAG guide-lines are now expected to achieve a minimumtechnical standard in a range of skills includingUrban Search and Rescue. Core technical skills ofinternational search and rescue teams include:● Rescue including breaching and cutting,

shoring, rigging and lifting and moving● Medical including hostile environment and per-

sonal health training for team members. Teammedics need to be able to access casualties tostabilise them deep with buildings and need tobe able to give some life support for a casualtyuntil they have been removed to a medicalsupport environment

● Technical skills including engineering, equip-ment maintenance, hazardous materialsassessment and needs assessment

● Self sufficiency including sourcing and purifyingwater, field craft, survival, cargo handling forthe equipment

● Command and control including the ability to runor take over a reception or coordination centre

● Search including reconnaissance, technicalsearch and canine search.

18 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

RESPONSE TO THE 2009 PADANG EARTHQUAKEPADANG EARTHQUAKE

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 19

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The other key element of the INSARAG assess-ment system is classifying teams as either – Light,Medium or Heavy. This classification system isintended to improve co-ordination and manage-ment of teams responding to a disaster, assigningclear capabilities to teams of different sizes.

Light teams are local teams travelling fromadjacent countries. These teams are intended to rapidly bring technical and canine search capa-bility to the disaster as well as a light rescuecapability. The medium teams are the smallerteams that travel long distances. Typically theseteams are made up from 20 to 30 people and adiverse but relatively lightweight equipment cache.Medium teams therefore provide a full search andrescue capacity, but remain relatively mobile. TheSARAID team is designed so that it can travel on asingle 50 person bus. Disasters such as the 2005earthquake in Kashmir show how importantmobility is in providing a disaster response.

Heavy teams are usually made up from at least70 people. These teams bring a full search andrescue capacity with the ability to work on a singlelarge site with no additional support, somethingthat smaller teams could not achieve. These teamsalso have the capacity for the massive campaignrescue efforts needed to rescue people deeplyentombed in large buildings, something that thesmaller and medium teams could not achieve.

The INSARAG guidelines show the importanceof a diverse response with the diagram in figure 1which shows the proportion of casualties normallyexpected to be rescued by the teams of differentclassifications.

A total of 21 international search and rescueteams deployed to Indonesia from around theworld, all arriving with the first 2 days followingthe earthquake.

The SARAID team self deployed to Indonesiathrough scheduled flights with Qatar Airways.

20 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

RESPONSE TO THE 2009 PADANG EARTHQUAKEPADANG EARTHQUAKE

Minor injuries - lightly trapped

Some voids and confined

spaces

Deeply entombed

Local resources

Light teams

Medium teams

Heavy teams

20%

30%

15%

35%

P. 17-23 Padang 14/6/10 3:23 pm Page 20

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 21

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Having a Search and Rescue turn up at the airportneeding to deploy with a lot of equipment isalways a challenge for the airline, but QatarAirways proved to be more than capable of deal-ing with the challenges. Qatar Airways flew theteam to Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta InternationalAirport via Doha and Singapore, where the teamwere met by Indonesian Civil Defence. Even a taskas simple as changing terminals at an airport canbe a challenge when you have to carry a full

equipment cache. It took just 4 large taxis and apick-up to transfer the team and the equipment, a major benefit of being a small team travelling aslight as possible.

Flights from Jakarta to Padang were providedon chartered planes free of charge to both nationaland international rescue teams. Our flight includedother rescue teams from the UK, France andCanada as well as representatives of the UN and Indonesian National Rescue teams.

22 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PADANG EARTHQUAKE

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Arriving at the site of a disaster of the scale ofan earthquake is always a challenging experience.We do everything we can to find out about theplace we’re going to, but the reality is you reallynever know what you are going to encounter.Reading through the media reports on the way toIndonesia, it seemed like there was a lot of dam-age and casualties, but we knew that the depth ofthe earthquake and the relatively slow rise in thenumber of reported casualties means that themedia reports may not be giving a full picture.

Arriving at Padang it was soon very clear that,whilst it was a major disaster, it was not of thesame scale as other massive earthquakes in recentyears. The airport was operating normally, anddespite being within 20 miles of the epicentre,suffered no major damage. The first task of anyrescue team once they arrive is to head to thedesignated Reception Centre. This gives teams achance to immediately slot into the coordinatedinternational response to the disaster. Our teamleader and deputy then took a taxi to the main on-site coordination centre to get any Taskings forthe team whilst the team set up camp with somehelp from Russians and French teams.

After meeting at the co-ordination centre theSARAID team was tasked to support the SingaporeCivil Defence team in clearing an area that had upto that not been searched, south of the river inPadang. We had to arrange for our own transport,and as soon as we had met and coordinated withthe Singaporeans we departed to undertake thereconnaissance.

Whilst there were localised collapses of singlebuildings, or groups of buildings, it was clear thatthe city had been very lucky. Life in the city wasclearly carrying on like normal for many people.They still had to go out to work to earn a living fortheir families, and the collapsed buildings and res-cue operations were even providing a lot of interestwith local people touring the city, just watchingand taking photographs. It seemed like only themost vulnerable buildings had suffered this time.

We completed our reconnaissance relativelyquickly and had only one more task to undertake.A large section of one of the hotels had collapsedand whilst one deceased had been brought out ofthe building, another missing person remained inthe building. We assisted the Singaporean team inundertaking this search in a somewhat complicatedsituation with a wide variety of skills being using

including canine search, technical search, tun-nelling and shoring and layering of the buildingusing heavy lifting equipment. Eventually themissing person was identified as having deceasedand the effort was called to an end.

Having been deployed in the country for justshort of 48 hours, we had to arrange our owntransport back out of Padang to Jakarta where wecould catch an international flight.

Thanks to the generosity of the Royal AustralianAir Force we arranged for the team and equipmentto be flown back to Jakarta on the return leg of aC-130 aid flight. Whilst it was a very uncomfort-able flight, to begin the long journey home safeand well was welcomed by all the team members.

The SARAID team returned back the UK a littleover a week after beginning the deployment. Allteam members returned safe and well to beginthe long task of preparing the team for the nextdeployment. APF

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 23

RESPONSE TO THE 2009 PADANG EARTHQUAKE PADANG EARTHQUAKE

Ian Turner has been involvedin as a volunteer inInternational Search andRescue for 10 years and hasbeen operational withSARAID for over 5 years. Hisexperience includes missionssuch as the 2005 Kashmirearthquake and a mission toSri Lanka following the 2004Tsunami. Ian is a full timetunnel design engineerworking on major tunnelprojects around the worldand operates as a rescueengineer within the SARAIDteam.

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Page 27: APF Issue 34

CLEAN AGENTS

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 25

The fire suppression industry has been at theforefront of adopting practices in support ofresponsible product use since the Montreal

Protocol regulations came into effect more thantwenty years ago. Industry-driven voluntary codesof practice have helped ensure that the societalbenefits of fire suppression agents are maintainedwhile environmental impact is minimized.

It is important to consider all key criteria whenchoosing a safe, effective and environmentallyresponsible fire extinguishing system. It would be amistake to focus on only one aspect of a system,such as the global warming potential or GWP ofthe extinguishing agent. The reality is that anagent’s GWP contributes to climate change only ifthe agent is released into the atmosphere. Firesuppression industry data indicate that minimalamounts of extinguishing agent are ever releasedto the atmosphere since most suppressionequipment doesn’t encounter a fire scenario.

Voluntary codes of practice within the industryhave established best practices for installing, main-taining, and servicing fire suppression systems, andthese measures have proven highly effective in con-trolling and reducing unwanted emissions. Theindustry has also been working closely with the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop areporting program to track fire system emissions,the HFC Emission Estimating Program (HEEP).1

In fact, worldwide emissions from fire protection,including fire events, are estimated to representless than 0.02% of total greenhouse gas emissions

on a CO2 equivalent basis and less than 1% ofemissions from the basket of gases manufacturedfor use.

To put these volumes into further perspective,the average fire system in the U.S. contains about155 kgs of extinguishing agent, meaning an aver-age system releases about 4.5 mt CO2 equivalent.According to the U.S. EPA, this release rateequates to the same GWP impact of 9/10ths of apassenger car or [less than half] 4/10ths of yourhome’s annual energy use.2

What about the future environmental risk of anever-growing base of protected facilities? The HEEPdata shows emissions from fire systems leveling off,indicating that system emissions are not directlytied to the number of installed fire systems Systeminstallations have increased consistently every yearover the period of the HEEP data, from 2002 to2008, yet the volume of emissions from that grow-ing base remains the same. One explanation forthis non-intuitive data is that the number of fireand false discharge events is steady, no matter howmany sites are protected. Further, the industry cur-rently has a well-established maintenance, recoveryand reclamation infrastructure, providing a robustglobal market for recovering and reusing cleanagents in new fire extinguishing systems, recharg-ing existing systems after fires, and removingagents from use through conversion or destructiontechnologies. Over the years, these maintenanceand recovery programs have become more refinedand efficient proving that, with proper care and

By Alfred Thornton

DuPont FireExtinguishants

Fire SuppressionWith increasing corporate and societal attention on product stewardship andsustainability as part of achieving long-term environmental goals, many companiesare looking at ways to improve the environmental profile of their facilities andprocesses by selecting an environmentally preferred fire suppression solution.

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market incentives, emissions can be reduced, agentand system sustainability can be attained, andenvironmental responsibility can be realized.

Since clean agent fire systems have a lowemission impact, how should an end-user (i.e.,facility manager, building owner, and administra-tor) evaluate and make the best choice in a firesuppression system? Fire suppression systemsshould be considered as an integral complexsystem, including, but not limited to, the choice ofagent. Just as the science and politics of climatechange are complex and interrelated, so too, thechoice of the right fire suppression technology forany given application is more than a single com-ponent or even sum of components, and requirescareful decision making.

First, it is critical to ensure that the performanceof the suppression system properly matches theapplication. Protection of life and health must bethe top priority, followed by protection of propertyand the environment. Selecting a suppression sys-tem with the main focus on achieving an arbitraryGWP target not only wastes resources but mayultimately prove to be a worse choice environmen-tally as well. A high quality system from a recog-nized manufacturer, carrying an internationallyrecognized approval (such as UnderwritersLaboratory, VdS, or Factory Mutual), helps ensurethe system performs as expected, releasing onlyduring a real fire event. Proper service and routinemaintenance by trained technicians with respectedservice firms will enable the suppression system toprotect lives and property from fire.

In evaluating the environmental impact of a firesuppression system, it is important to consider thequantity of equipment required, including systemstorage space, as well as installation and servicingcosts. Achieving the same hazard protection goalswith physically larger, more complex fire systemscan increase a facilities overall environmentalimpact. Systems utilizing efficient, high performanceextinguishing agents such as DuPont™ FM-200®

reduce resource requirements, going back to thehardware manufacturing process; they also requireless floor space, thus reducing all of the attendantoperational costs associated with managing a high-ly protected risk facility. According to a Data CenterNews article3 the operational cost of a U.S. datacenter ranges from $80-$112/ft2; a large part ofthat cost goes to power and environmental con-trols. Displacing functional floor space to accom-modate a less efficient fire system increases the

operational overhead requirements for these facili-ties and creates an added environmental impactover the lifetime of the installation.

When considering the overall environmental per-formance of your facility, consider LEED®

(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)standards. The U.S. Green Building Council(USGBC), a non-profit coalition of building industryleaders, developed LEED® to establish a commonstandard of measurement for environmentally sus-tainable building practices. Several clean agent fireextinguishant options contribute toward LEED®

credits in the Energy & Atmosphere category, con-tributing toward USGBC Certification. Money savedby choosing a high performance, cost-effective firesuppression system can be used to upgrade buildingmaterials or for other energy performance enhance-ments. Improvements in these other operationalareas are weighted five to ten times more heavily inthe LEED® certification process than improvementsrelated to fire systems. Focusing limited resourceson areas that provide the greatest return is bothfiscally prudent and environmentally responsible.

It is certain that “sustainability” will continue tobe a growing concern for critical facilities. Facilitymanagers, building owners, architects and designengineers will continue to review and examineoptions for improving a site’s environmental profileand fire systems are not exempt from that process.By combining a safe, effective fire suppressionsystem that offers the highest performance withan efficient use of space, energy and capital,owners can focus their resources on making a realdifference in reducing a company’s environmentalfootprint.

For nearly two decades, HFC clean agents haveclearly demonstrated they offer the best balancebetween performance, economic value, andenvironmental responsibility for the special hazardsfire protection industry. To choose a fire suppres-sion system based solely on the GWP of the agentused in the system is to fail to properly appreciatethe true impact and importance of fire extinguish-ing system in the overall protection and operationof a critical facility.

References1 Report of the HFC Emissions Estimating Program,March 2010.2 US EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator;http://www.epa.gov/RDEE/energy-resources/calculator.html#results3 Data Center Locations Ranked by Operating Cost,Data Center News, 25 Jul 2006. SearchData Center.com

APF

26 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

FIRE SUPPRESSIONCLEAN AGENTS

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 27

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Elkhart Brass w/p 8/3/06 10:46 am Page 1

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NOZZLES

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 29

Fires requiring large volumes of water or foamsolution for suppression (high critical applica-tion rate) will dictate the water supply and fire

streams management operations from the initialarrival of the first apparatus. If the fire has burntpast you, or is generating more BTUs on thefire/time curve than the crew can deal with, theaddition of more hand held lines may provide littleor no suppression success. Though the use of apre-plumbed monitor on apparatus and light-weight portable monitors may be rare in manyjurisdictions due to the inability to supply an

adequate sustained fire flow, their tactical versatilitycannot be overlooked.

Often considered strictly a defensive tool forthose large exterior attacks, pre-plumbed masterstream devices, manual and remote controlled, andsmaller portable monitors can be an effective initialattack option when staffing on the apparatus islimited and the volume of fire upon arrival is sub-stantial. Even with the limits of working from theapparatus water tank, placing a heavy stream froma fixed or portable monitor for sixty seconds directlyinto the volume of fire can sufficiently darken it

By Rod Carringer

Task Force Tips, Inc.

Large FiresRequire LargeWater and FoamFlowsFixed, Portable, and Remote Control MonitorsOffer Increased Fire Flow Capabilities Safely

Many times the large volume of fire encountered by arriving apparatus quicklyprecludes the use of standard hand held nozzles for initial attack. In these cases,the movement and accurate delivery of water or foam solution, as well asestablishing a constant sustainable water supply, becomes critical to successfulextinguishment and exposure protection operations. High flowing portable, fixedand remote controlled monitors provide the performance necessary to meet thesehigh flow challenges even when staffing on first arriving apparatus is limited.

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down, so hand held nozzles can be deployed forfinal suppression. All of this can often be accom-plished successfully using only the water on the firstarriving apparatus. This sort of “Blitz” Attack is anideal tool for agencies that struggle with limitedstaffing yet must manage ever increasing fires.

Keeping in mind the additional water supplyrequirements, the use of portable monitors andapparatus mounted master stream devices canprovide just some of the following benefits.● Higher initial attack fire flows and increase

stream reach can offer improved fire fighterprotection by allowing crews to work in moretenable atmospheres while providing higher fireknockdown potential.

● In limited staffing situations, higher fire flows cansafely be provided with minimal personnel. Eval-uating fire flow performance, typically moregallons per minute per person can be deliveredthan with any combination of hand held nozzles.

● A single line put in service with a portablemonitor can deliver from 2000 l/min (500gpm)up to 4500 l/min (1250gpm) providing a widerrange of options to meet changing fire groundconditions. The new lightweight features of theportable monitors offer quick deployment and the

30 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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ability to better utilize pump capacity and availablewater supply during initial attacks. Faster fireextinguishment translates to an overall reductionin the stress level of initial attack personnel.

● A single larger “Blitz” line can have as mucheffectiveness as up to 5 hand held nozzles withhose and support. This can amount to a largesavings in time and human resources.

● Higher flow rates from fixed, remote andportable monitors provide increased reach andpenetration over hand held nozzles.

● The high flow devices can support a moreeffective allocation of personnel resources onthe fire scene and allow the first arrivingapparatus more tactical versatility.

● Portable monitors can provide unparalleledsafety in hazardous material and vapor mitiga-tion procedures, exposure protection, and highflow foam applications with self-eductingmaster stream nozzles.

● The “scale up” feature of starting with a singlesupply line into a portable monitor followed bya second line, allows the device to be used fora quick initial attack, or upgraded to a largerdefensive operation as required by the fireground commander.

Once you have integrated the use of the masterstream into your initial attack operations, the onlyway to feel comfortable operating these highflowing devices, especially when the water tankon the apparatus is your primary supply, is topractice and understand the capabilities of theequipment and how to properly deliver capacity tothe seat of the fire.

Even with the previously noted benefits of usinghigh flow portable or truck mounted appliances,successful suppression strategies often fail due tosome of the following reasons.● Lack of training will always affect the proce-

dures used in proper deployment, placement,advancement, and operation of attack lines.

● Though smaller supply lines are flexible andmobile, their flow capacity is limited. The use oflarge diameter hose will provide higher flows,but will restrict advancement of the line afterflow has been initiated.

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 31

LARGE FIRES REQUIRE LARGE WATER AND FOAM FLOWS NOZZLES

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● As the smaller attack lines are typically the firstones deployed on most fires, common belief isthat the application of high flows and the use ofassociated equipment are either unnecessary orunwise. Many times this assumption is correct.Yet, for the small percentage of fires that causethe largest dollar losses, low flowing hand heldnozzles are often proven ineffective as the moveis inevitably made to defensive operations.

● Improper or inadequate training on this type ofinitial attack can result in extreme water usageand potential weakening of the fire structure.

● The choice of supply line to a portable monitorwill, in some manner, affect its use. Smallerline, limited water delivery but maximummaneuverability, larger line, unlimited flowcapabilities, but where it is laid is where it stays.

● And finally, there remains the perception thatthese devices are strictly for defensive firefight-ing operations.The next issue when using a pre-plumbed

master stream device is safety. Climbing nearly tenfeet up the side of an apparatus, walking across aslippery hose bed, and standing in a storage areawith loose equipment is not a great idea evenunder the best conditions. Add to that cold orfreezing temperatures, darkness, and the level ofadrenaline the first arriving crew has, and youhave a recipe for someone falling from the appara-tus and sustaining a career ending injury.

So the next question is how do you follow therecommendations of apparatus manufacturers andkeep the firefighter’s feet on the ground? This canbe simply accomplished by considering remotecontrol operations of the apparatus’ fixed monitor.Remote control monitors can quickly provide aheavy attack stream with only the touch of a but-ton. With either radio frequency remote controls,or a panel mounted control station, the operatornow can operate the gun remotely taking advan-tage of the best view of the fire. All of this can bedone safely without anyone climbing to the top of

the truck, as well as freeing that firefighter toaccomplish other important duties.

The need for higher flows in foam operations isalso a consideration when reviewing fire streamsmanagement capabilities. Even at the local level,pre-planning for a department’s response to adomestic terrorism incident continues to take onimportance of dramatic proportions. Certainly, inour free and open society, there is no way that wecan identify all aspects or potential threats of aterrorist act, but many of the scenarios rely on adepartment’s ability to provide large, uninterruptedsupplies of water or foam for sustained periods oftime.

Untold opportunities for potential domesticterrorism, involve flammable or poisonous liquids inboth fixed storage and processing facilities, beingtransported via rail tank cars, in over-the-roadtankers, or moving through jurisdictions in under-ground pipelines. As many fire departments areunder-equipped and often inadequately trained tosupply sufficient foam firefighting streams, manyagencies have chosen the flexibility of having aself-educting foam nozzle that can be used on thedeck gun of an apparatus, or portably on a smallmonitor. Having a simple, reliable delivery systemand an adequate supply of foam concentrate canhelp any department improve their overallresponse capability to high hazard locations.

Finally, by initiating an aggressive attack utilizinga pre-piped master stream device or a portablepre-connected monitor, you can attack the fireusing your total capabilities. As long as the deviceand stream is carefully and accurately placed andpersonnel operating the devices are mindful of themethod of attack being used, the results willtypically be successful. If, on the other hand, allcomponents of your high flow initial attack wereinitiated properly and the fire still surpassed yourability to suppress it, there was probably little elseyou could have done.

Remember – Big Fire = BIG WATER APF

32 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

LARGE FIRES REQUIRE LARGE WATER AND FOAM FLOWSNOZZLES

A 33 year member of CoolSpring and Center TownshipFire Departments in LaPorte,Indiana, Rod Carringerperforms research anddevelopment, training andactive firefighting dutiesdaily. His experience insuppression activities allowshim to serve as a State ofIndiana Instructor, and as co-founder of the Duneland FireSchool in Northwest Indiana.

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security_mag_ad_notxt.indd 1 20/01/2008 1:19:52 PM

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filter itself might give you safe air, just breathingthrough the respirator can add so much physicalworkload that it becomes difficult to move, workand breathe. Sometimes people sacrifice protec-tion and simply remove the respirator.

This, too, happened at the World Trade Centerincident. Fire-fighters and rescue personnel foundit next to impossible to work with their masks on:they had to remove their respirators, puttingthemselves at risk from smoke and chemical fumescaused by burning or smouldering materials.

Another type of respirator might be a feasiblesolution: fan-powered positive-pressure demanddevices that deliver cleaned air without the timeconstraints of breathing apparatus, or the physicalwork of breathing through filter respirators.

Positive pressure is the first key word here. Thismeans that the respirator delivers clean air at sucha rate that the air pressure is always higher insidethe mask than outside. Consequently, no contami-nated air can leak into the respirator. Demand isthe second key word. A demand respirator deliversair only when the wearer breathes in, thus extend-ing wear time (often to several hours’ operation)and saving on filters.

Stress: a vicious circleFire-fighting, rescue and emergency response arestressful jobs even without the constricts ofbreathing protection. Both physical and mentalstress is ever-present.

Add to this the need to put a respirator on yourface, and stress levels inevitably rise.

The very act of placing something over yournose and mouth can cause mental distress in theform of anxiety or claustrophobia. Even if youexperience no discomfort, the body’s natural reac-tion is often shallower breathing at a greater rate.This is a less effective way of breathing which‘wastes’ more air and, in the case of SCBA equip-ment, shortens the operation time of the cylinder.In the case of negative-pressure filter respirators,short fast breaths cause more re-inhalation ofspent air in the dead-space of the mask, which inturn contributes to even more shallow and morerapid breathing. The result is a vicious circle thatcould result in less oxygen uptake at best, andsheer panic at worst.

Emergency responders wearing any kind ofbreathing protection are often trained to find thewillpower to take deeper, slower breaths – eventhough their body tells them otherwise.

Heat stress is another considerationthat needs to be addressed. Not onlyfire-fighters face this problem, but alsoworkers in foundries, forges, smeltersand countless other hot workplaces. Inaddition, many of these professionsalso entail wearing thick and heavyprotective clothing.

Heat affects your breathing. It alsoaffects your use of breathing protectionequipment. Apart from increasing theheart rate and making you pant for air,heat also causes a number of secondaryproblems, such as perspiration makingit difficult to keep the mask securely onyour face, and discomfort due to defi-cient ventilation and poor evaporation.

A ventilated protective suit mightalleviate at least some of the problem.

This might be a feasible solution if using a fan-powered respirator, but when it comes to SCBAsets, the amount of air used for ventilation insteadof breathing might be of some significance.

That elusive WOBIt is known as work of breathing, or WOB forshort. It simply means the effort to breathe. Evenwithout any respiratory device, or any other extraloads, a person – even at complete rest – has toperform physical work in order to breathe. Manymuscles are used in a single breath.

From this follows that the work of breathing

36 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

An SCBA-set is notalways the only optionfor all people in allsituations

RESPIRATORS

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has great influence on the person’s ability to per-form a physical job, and conversely, the type anddesign of a respirator have great influence on thework of breathing. It could be said that ‘WOB andJOB’ are in constant conflict.

Without getting too technical, work of breath-ing has to do with a few simple factors no matterwhat type of respirator is used:

The diameter and number of hoses, inhalationand exhalation valves, and so on. When, say, afire-fighter is climbing a ladder or carrying a heavyload over a distance, the body begins to needmore and more air. If this air is supplied throughany kind of respirator, the hoses and valves canbecome bottlenecks, and might not allow enoughair to flow through. The result is that the work ofbreathing peaks rapidly, and the person either hasto stop working so hard, or will put such strain onthe respirator that it might affect the face seal ofthe mask or cause other problems.

The amount of air supplied. In many world stan-dards, breathing apparatus are tested at a peakinhalation air flow (PIAF) of 315 litres per minute.But what happens if you need more air than that?Breathing faster than the SCBA-set’s capacity todeliver has the result is the same as with toonarrow hoses and valves. (It should be noted thatfire-fighters have been measured to breathe atpeak air flows between 400 and 500 litres perminute during hard work. Olympic rowers reachover 600 l/min at their maximum exertion.)

In negative-pressure filter respirators, the pres-sure-fall across the filter. In other words, the type,depth, and diameter of a filter. The work ofbreathing is directly governed by the breathingresistance of the respirator (both inhalation andexhalation resistance). Result? The same again:stop working, or as mentioned, put undue strainon the protective device.

Fan-powered respirators also need to supplyenough air – at least 400 litres/minute. Most con-ventional powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR)supply only around 200 litres, whereas moreinnovative designs have no trouble delivering 400 l/min and beyond.

Decon: last but not leastOften forgotten, or treated as an afterthought, is decontamination of respiratory protectionequipment.

Everything is done to protect emergencyresponse personnel from the contaminatedsurroundings: respirators, protective suits, sealedgloves and boots – all are there to shield the bodyfrom the environment.

But the protective clothing and devices them-selves are constantly exposed to harmful smoke,spray, chemicals, biological materials and more.Needless to say, these substances often ‘stick’ tothe personal protection equipment.

With 100% effective protection, your skin,eyes, lungs, entire body will be completely shieldedfrom the hazards – as long as you are wearing theequipment.

It is when you take it off that the greatest riskof exposure occurs.

This is why decontamination prior to removingthe protective gear is of utmost importance if thecontaminants are detrimental to human health.Removing contaminated clothing and footwearwith your bare hands could transmit dangerous

substances through skin contact. Taking off yourface mask in the safe zone could raise enoughdust to be inhaled into your lungs. The risk ofexposure is extended to any other person helpingyou get out of your protective clothing.

In short, all exposed areas of all personal pro-tection equipment, tools and suchlike, must bedecontaminated before removal and/or disposal.

Decontamination can be as easy as a quickshower with a simple hose or, in some cases, a bigoperation comprising heavy equipment usingthousands of litres of water and serious contain-ment and collection methods (see picture).

In any event, the respirator and other personalprotection must be able to withstand the requireddecontamination procedure without putting thewearer at risk, or ruining the equipment.

In conclusionSelecting a respirator for use in fire-fighting, rescueand other emergency operations is not a cut-and-dried decision, and an SCBA-set is not always theonly option for all people in all situations.

Several factors cannot be ignored in the selec-tion of respiratory protection for emergencyresponders:● Human breathing physiology. How hard does

the wearer work? How much air is needed toperform the task?

● Type of job. How long have you got? How faraway is the work site? How dangerous is theenvironment?

● Type of protective device. Can the equipmentcope? Is it ‘fit for purpose’? Is it approved for the type of hazard? Can it deliver enoughair over enough time? Can it handle the work-load, or is it at risk of being ‘out-breathed’?Will it withstand necessary decontaminationprocedures?These and many other questions should be

answered before selecting a suitable respiratoryprotection system for people in the field. APF

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 37

Heavy-dutydecontamination of asuit and respirator. Thisunit uses 1,000 litres ofwater per minute

THE INS AND OUTS OF BREATHING RESPIRATORS

The core information for thisarticle was obtained fromThe S.E.A. Group in Sydney,Australia. For full details onrespiratory protection foremergency responders, bodyprotection, decontaminationand more, please visitwww.theseagroup.com

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Page 41: APF Issue 34

VIDEO DETECTION

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 39

Arecent 2010 NFPA Suppression and Detection (SUPDET) conference presentation given by Bob Elliott, a senior engineering specialist

at FM Global, identified the 4 stages of VID histori-cal development. The presentation was entitled“Video Image Detection, No Longer a Supplemen-tal System”. The four stages are identified as:

Stage 1 – Flame onlyStage 2 – Smoke onlyStage 3 – Combination Flame and SmokeStage 4 – Single Package Combination Flame and

Smoke

These stages identify the evolution of the tech-nology, but what can be overlooked is why it hasprogressed in this fashion. Stage 1 to this daycompetes with the traditional UV and IR opticalflame detectors (OFD). Rather than using a UV orIR sensor, the Stage 1 VID flame detector uses aCCD imager, the visual spectrum, and pixel analy-sis to identify a flaming fire. The unit itself looks,feels, and provides alarm contacts like any otherOFD but also provides a video signal. The units are

therefore treated as OFDs with approval and instal-lation occurring with little or no change to thestandards and fire code.

The next stage was the development of thevideo image smoke detector (VISD). These systemsare server based in that they receive analog videothrough a BNC camera connection and thenprocess the video feeds on the server. This providesan alarm in the form of dry contacts located onthe server. These systems generally handle 4 to 8cameras at a time. At the time of the inception,these systems were not recognized by code. How-ever, due to the supplemental use in the field FMtook the initiative and began to test and approvethese systems, setting expectations for a properlyinstalled VID system.

The benefits of this technology were quicklyrecognized by early adopters. The detectors canidentify smoke in large volume spaces (even ifstratification took place), provide video for situa-tional awareness, and provide large coverage areaswith minimal and easily accessible camera loca-tions. However, these systems also have several

James “Andy” Lynch

Technical ServicesManager, Fike VideoImage Detection

The advance ofVideo ImageDetectionVideo image detection (VID) has progressed tremendously over the last ten years.The technology has evolved from a concept to a prototype implemented by afew progressive early adopters, to a refined, listed and code-recognized productwith applications ranging from cultural properties to nuclear power plants. Thespeed of the technology’s progress and acceptance has benefitted from its use ofvideo and computer components widely used in other industries, such asimagers and processing chips used in high end CCTV security cameras andHDTVs. This article will review the history of the technology’s progression andthe evolution of the VID industry.

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drawbacks. The combination of the server andcameras makes for a bulky, power hungry detec-tor. A typical camera consumes 5 Watts of power,while the servers can consume another 200 W.This requires tremendous amounts of batterypower to provide an uninterrupted power supply(UPS). Each camera also needs a dedicated con-tinuous Siamese coax and power line between thedetector and the server, increasing installationcosts.

Stage 3 combined the two algorithms (fire andsmoke) into one server based system that can thenbe tested as a flame and smoke detection device.As supplemental installations continued and theNFPA revision cycle for the 2007 NFPA 72 codecame around, it was advantageous to provide guid-ance in the code for future installations. The codeinsured a minimum set of requirements be fulfilled.One such requirement is that only listed systems beinstalled. At the time only Factory Mutual approvedvideo image detection systems by using modifiedANSI 268 and FM 3260 standards. NFPA 72 alsorequired an uninterrupted power supply. For theserver based systems of the time, this required alarge amount of batteries to meet the necessary 24hours of power required by NFPA. Communicationintegrity was required, so the systems had to moni-tor their camera feeds for interruption and ensurean alarm signal reached the monitoring point.NFPA also requires these systems use a perfor-mance-based design. Because of the wide range ofperformance, architecture, and lighting require-ments between each system they will most likelyremain performance based within the code. Withthe introduction of the technology into the NFPAcode and FM’s ability to approve systems, supple-mental installations continued. Due to the cost,privacy issues, and the technology’s ability to coverlarge volume spaces, VID systems (both smoke onlyand fire & smoke) are generally installed in onlynon-residential applications such as power plants,warehouses, and manufacturing facilities.

Stage 4 is the most significant stage to date asit combines the two algorithms into a single selfcontained device. This advance was possible dueto increases in computational power over time andadvances in the video security industry, especially

the migration toward IP based systems. This stageput the analytics at the edge of the network, pro-viding a more reliable system. It also enabled LEDindicators and contacts to move to the devicelocation – a configuration more similar to conven-tional detection devices. With the contacts on thedevice the communication loop is direct to the FireAlarm Control Panel and therefore the com-munication integrity does not have to take intoaccount the sometimes numerous and long runsof coax from the cameras to the server. Andbecause the device can sit directly on the FACPloop, the NFPA code mandated UPS only has toensure the cameras (~5 W) stay active rather thanthe cameras and servers (~200 W) for 24 hours.

Until this stage UL had not listed any VIDdevices nor did a UL standard exist that VIDsystems could pass. One hurdle was UL 268, which has been used to test beam, spot and airaspiration systems, required detection within apredefined obscuration limit. The conventionaltechnologies being tested relied on the smokereaching the sensor, therefore an obscurationmeasurement can be made at the location of thedetector or sampling port to ensure detectionwithin the bounding limits. Video “sees” thesmoke – in many instances before it has reachesthe obscuration measuring point in the UL268room. In other words, tying the pass/fail criteria toa point measurement was inappropriate for the 3dimensional VID detectors. UL has since createdUL268B which uses the same test sources androom dimensions but removes the criteria that tiesobscuration to the detection, and instead uses atime to detection. FM, which has traditionally test-ed the systems to modified ANSI/UL 268 and FM3260 test standards, has begun the process ofcreating a new Video Image Detection standard(FM3232). This standard will better define theexpectations of a VID detector and take intoaccount the advances in the technology, as well asthe knowledge gained by FM, manufacturers, andindustry personnel.

Currently VID systems that are being installed tocode take advantage of the new IP camera systemflexibility. The cameras are placed in fixed positionsand attached to a 12-24 VDC power supply. This

40 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Fig 1 – Image of theelectromagneticspectrum that includesUltra-violet (UV), Visiblelight, and Infrared (IR)spectrums all used in thefire protection industryfor the purpose ofdetection

VIDEO DETECTION

Increasing energy

Increasing wavelength

0.0001 nm 0.01 nm 10 nm 1000 nm 0.01 cm 1 cm 1 m 100 m

Gamma rays X-rays Infrared Radio wavesUltra-violet

Radar TV FM AM

Visible light

400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm

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can come from the Fire Alarm ControlPanel (FACP) or a listed power supply. Thecameras are then monitored by the FACPusing dry contacts attached to an address-able module that indicate when thecamera is in a trouble or alarm condition.In addition, the cameras are attached tothe Local Area Network (LAN) using theRJ45 jack. This can be attached to a PowerOver Ethernet (POE) network switch toprovide a redundant power source. IPvideo and alarm information is then trans-ferred over the LAN to a server for record-ing purposes. This allows the user,whether it is the building manager, owner,distributor, AHJ or fire personnel, access tothe archived video and alarms. User inter-faces usually allow easy access to thisinformation as well as floor plans withcamera locations, and live video. In certainsituations, AHJs can approve the replace-ment of a traditional code mandatedalarm system with a VID system. Someinstallations forgo the code requiredpower from a listed supply and FACP,instead relying on the POE switch withbattery backup and user interface moni-tored at a control room or security desk.This configuration is generally only usedfor supplemental purposes.

LightingLighting has been an important issue over the lifespan of video image smoke detection systems.

Critics point to the necessary illumination neededto see a smoldering smoke source. Since flamingfires produce light, additional illumination doesnot need to be supplied for flame detection tooccur. However, all video image smoke detection

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 41

Fig 2 – IP camera systemarchitecture withconnection throughaddressable modules tothe FACP and on to aLocal Area Network(LAN) for video andalarm storage andviewing

THE ADVANCE OF VIDEO IMAGE DETECTION VIDEO DETECTION

How warm air can prevent a fire.The SecuriSens® ADW linear heat detector

Securiton AG, Alarm and Security Systemswww.securiton.com, [email protected]

A company of the Swiss Securitas Group

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systems need some form of illumination to func-tion correctly, much like how air aspiration systemsrequire a fan to pull the smoke back to the detec-tor. If the fan were to malfunction or the pipingbecame blocked, the smoke would no longertravel through the piping and the smoke wouldremain undetected. It is for this reason that airsampling systems supervise air flow. In a similarfashion VID systems will fault if the light level getsto low, or if the camera is covered, dirty or out offocus. These conditions need to be supervised.

The supplied illumination can be either InfraRed (IR) or white light depending on the system.Statistics show that a majority of fire incidentsreported to the fire department occur at nightwhen a business is closed or has a reduced staffon hand. A challenge to the end user and installeris to provide proper illumination so that the VIDsystem is effective on a 24 hour, 7 days a week,365 days a year basis.

There are advantages and disadvantages witheach illumination type (IR and White Light). Afoot-candle (FC) is the English measure for lightintensity. Lux is the metric equivalent with 1 FC =10.76 Lux. Both are measurements of illuminationproduced by one candela or lumen over onesquare foot or meter respectively. As Lux and FCare measurements of visible light, and bydefinition IR produces invisible light, how do youmeasure the appropriate IR illumination level? Inorder to measure light radiation in terms of Wattsit is necessary to use a radiometer which typicallyexist only in laboratories and are usually pricedbeyond the means of normal installation com-panies. On the other hand, white light is easilymeasured with a calibrated light meter.

White light illumination provides color imageswhereas IR can only deliver a black and whiteimage. This is due to the fact that IR illumination islight which the human eye cannot see but that amonochrome CCTV camera can. In addition,switching between IR at night and white light dur-ing the day can result in a focus shift. The differentwavelengths create different focus points throughthe lens onto the camera chip. This can lead to aloss of image focus in dark conditions, particularlyif the camera is set up during day time operation.IR light used in CCTV applications is in the 700 to1,100 nm range – just beyond the visible spec-trum, Fig. 1. As white light is visible to the humaneye we have natural protection against an over-exposure to white light. On the other handbecause humans cannot see IR light our eyescannot automatically adjust to overexposure andpotential eye damage. Applications that requirecovert surveillance or where no light is allowed

due to light pollution on light sensitive materials,are ideal for IR. However the majority of instal-lations are better served using white lightillumination as it provides a higher level of safetyand security. In addition, system performance isnot changed and light levels can be as low as 1 ft-candle, the emergency light level set by NFPAstandards.

VID systems without IR filters can also be blind-ed by large fires in the field of view. These firesproduce a large amount of IR that can flood theimager, creating a blinding affect. The camera maygenerate a fault condition, but it will also miss thefire source. IR filters prevent this but also make itimpossible to use IR illumination for smokedetection.

Using white light provides more options to theend user because it can be supplied by a numberof sources including incandescent, fluorescent,High Intensity Discharge (HID), or LED lamps. LEDsare the fastest growing lighting solution for VIDapplications. They are extremely efficient and offertremendous reliability. LEDs may cost more initially,but they offer the lowest possible running cost(lower wattages) with longer operating life (up to10 years).

Some VID systems have built in illuminatorsattached to the camera. In many cases, a singlesource will not provide the necessary and properlighting for a facility and may be unnecessary. Inaddition, a single high powered light creates largepockets of light with dark areas in the image.Lighting should be placed to provide uniformillumination within the cameras field of view.

Another advantage of white light illumination isthat many facilities already have the required 1 FCof illumination. The life safety code (NFPA 101)Section 7.9.2 describes the required emergencylighting levels for safe egress in case of loss ofpower during an evacuation. The code states that“emergency illumination shall be provided for notless than 1.5 hours in the event of failure ofnormal lighting. Emergency lighting facilities shallbe arranged to provide initial illumination that isnot less than an average of 1 FC (10 lux) and, atany point, not less than 0.1 FC (1 lux), measuredalong the path of egress at floor level. Illuminationlevels shall be permitted to decline to no less than an average of 0.6 FC (6 lux) and, at anypoint, no less than 0.06 FC (0.6 lux) at the end ofthe 1.5 hours. A maximum to minimum illuminationuniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded.”

No matter which video system is installed or itspurpose, proper camera placement and illumina-tion is vital. Video image smoke and fire systemsrely on proper illumination that generates uniformand adequate levels of light.

Video image smoke and fire detection hasevolved a long way in a relatively short period oftime, and will continue to do so. Higher processingspeeds, increase storage, mega pixel imagers, andadvanced analytic capabilities are already beingconsidered for future development and inclusion.The increased use of networks and the impendingdemise of the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)will allow for greater access to information pro-vided by fire alarm and suppression systems. It isnecessary that the fire codes, listing agencies, andcustomers embrace and define the use of new fireequipment and technologies in order to supportthe changing fire industry. APF

42 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

THE ADVANCE OF VIDEO IMAGE DETECTIONVIDEO DETECTION

James Lynch has beenemployed by Fike VideoImage Detection sinceDecember 2005, and hasserved as the manager oftechnical services. As themanager of technical serviceshe is responsible for firerelated research, thedevelopment of Video ImageDetection (VID) technologies,approvals testing,certification training and VIDsystem implementation. He isa member or the SalamanderHonorary Fire ProtectionEngineering Society, theNational Fire ProtectionAssociation, the Society ofFire Protection Engineers, andthe International AssociationFire Safety Science. Mr.Lynch’s educationalbackground includes: a B.S. inmechanical engineering andan M.S. degree in fireprotection engineering fromWPI.

There are advantages and

disadvantages with each

illumination type (IR and White

Light). A foot-candle (FC) is the

English measure for light

intensity. Lux is the metric

equivalent with 1 FC = 10.76 Lux

P. 39-42 Video Detection 14/6/10 3:31 pm Page 42

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Firetrace INTERNATINALv6-FSWORLD AD | bleed: 303mmx216mm trim: 296mm x 210mm live: 276mm x 194mm

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Croatian company PAB PERSONAL PRO-TECTIVE EQUIPMENT, a player in theindustry since 1956, has newly engineereda leading edge, professional fire helmet oftomorrow. Together with its compositetechnology, unique innovative develop-ment, and highest level manufacturingstandards, the company has reached anew milestone in protective equipmentfor professional use by fire fighters. Theunprecedented helmet characteristicsreveal the helmet’s key advantages.

The helmet is a response tocontemporary demand and chal-lenges facing the professional fieldwhile using the latest develop-ments in the composite materialtechnology.

PAB has introduced an extremelylight-weight protective helmet, weighingrevolutionary 1.35kg, including visor faceshield and neck protector. Moreover, thehelmet has numerous upgrade options,offering full head protection in extremetemperature conditions. PAB FIRE 04 HTCOMPOSITE, as opposed to standardhelmets in the market, endures tempera-tures as high as 1000°C.

New technologySuch high level of endurance is achievedthrough newly introduced and developedtechnology for manufacturing outer shellfrom composite materials. Further to itsextreme temperature properties, suchhelmet is lighter and more resistant tomechanical impacts than any standardhelmet.

Full head protectionThe helmet includes a flip down facevisor enabling full face protection againsthigh temperatures, mechanical impactsor drizzling of liquids. Additional neckprotection is possible by a removable alu-minised carbon-fibre neck protector. Hel-met is ready to use with a mask, either byexterior or interior fastening.

Within the shell is a shock absorbermade of polyurethane foam. In additionto its regular features, such as amortisa-tion, shock absorber adds a significantimpact on insulation characteristics aswell. The polyurethane foam padding iscovered by a system of straps. The size ofthe helmet can be instantly adjusted by aspinning-click button, integrated into abasket of supporting stripes. Fasteningthe helmet is easy thanks to Nomex Chin-strap using quick release snap connection

buckle. Due to its adorable design andextremely facile size adjustment system(ranging for 52 – 62cm), the helmet fitsany professional head perfectly. Finally, itsinterior ventilating channels enable safeand comfortable work.

PAB FIRE 04 HT COMPOSITE is made inconformity with new European standardEN 443/2008 and is currently in theprocess of being granted an adequatecertificate. Its key features include:– Lightweight of only 1,350 g– Extreme temperature resistance (up to

1000°C)

– Latest European standards conformity(EN 443/2008)

– Full head protection, including neckand face.The helmet is available in the following

colors:● red● yellow-green● white● yellow● photo luminescent yellow-green

coloursOther colors may be delivered upon

request.Company PAB was established in 1953

and has over the decades grown into ahigh tech developer and manufacturer ofprotective helmets and body safety gear.With its commitment to consistent quality,continuous close relationship with thefirefighting professionals, their remark-able talent in engineering, PAB Companyhas grown to be recognized as a leadingedge manufacturer of a reliable bodysafety gear worldwide.

For more information, please contact:PAB AkrapovicPersonal Protective EquipmentMost 26, 52420 Buzet – CroatiaTel: +385 52 662 662Fax: +385 52 662 254Email: [email protected]: www.pab-buzet.com

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 45

HELMETS ROUND UP

PAB goes COMPOSITE

MAGMA Helmet –Flexible by DesignBullard SingaporeRegional Office, BullardUSA manufacturingE.D. Bullard (USA) Company, aworldwide leader in security equip-ment for the fire service, introducesthe latest in fire helmet design andtechnology with its newest model:MAGMA.

Designed with input from fire-fighters from around the world,MAGMA affords the individual fire-fighter the flexibility to configure ahelmet to his exact requirements.MAGMA is available in two, light-weight, shell configurations: Type A

P. 45-50 Helmets R/U 14/6/10 3:38 pm Page 45

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half shell or Type B, full shell. MAGMA’sunique mask adapter design accom-modates all of the leading brands of two-point respirator masks and isspacious enough to accommodate spider-style mask harnesses as well. MAGMAalso features a three-dimensional visor

that covers the retracted front frame for amaximum degree of visibility in alldirections. MAGMA accommodates avariety of communications and lightingaccessories.

Beyond flexibility, MAGMA offers fire-fighters the greatest degree of wearingcomfort. The padded head ring isanchored in the rear by the Bullard ratch-et-sizing mechanism that provides thewearer the ability to make comfort adjust-ments at five different points. An X-shaped neck strap and a four-wayadjustable chinstrap add further to thefirefighter’s ability to obtain a comfortablefit.

MAGMA naturally affords the wearerthe maximum in performance in the diffi-cult conditions of firefighting. The hel-met’s inner compartment is wellprotected from the heat, flames, sparksand fluids that are part of daily firefight-ing activities. Designed to the require-

ments of EN443:2008, firefighters canhave confidence in the MAGMA helmet.

MAGMA’s design flexibility does nottranslate into complexity. On the contrary,MAGMA was designed with the fewestnumber of components of any helmetavailable today. This means ease of dis-assembly and maintenance and a muchlower total cost of ownership over the lifeof the helmet.

MAGMA is scheduled for release dur-ing the second quarter 2010 and will beavailable from authorized Bullard dealersaround the world.

For more information, please contact:Bullard Asia Pacific701 Sims Drive, #04-03Singapore 387383Tel: +65-6745-0556Fax: +65-6745-5176 Email: [email protected]: www.bullard.com

46 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

HELMETS ROUND UP

A fire helmet is a keycomponent of personalprotective equipment. Drägeruses a new production facilityto generate momentum here –and to be a trendsetter.

Dräger? Respiratory protection! That’s theanswer firefighters immediately givewhen they are asked about productsmade by the Lübeck-based company.Dräger usually isn’t associated with firehelmets, even though the company hasdeveloped models such as the HPS 4300and the HPS 6200. So far these were pro-duced by a supplier, but since 2009 theyare being manufactured in a new estab-lished joint venture.

The helmet as part of a systemA fire helmet consists of about 80 individ-ual parts, and the vertical range of manu-facture currently extends down to thesmallest detail. The synthetic materialNomex is purchased from outside for thehelmets, but the stitching it requires – forproduction of the helmet liners, forexample – is handled by Dräger. “Thecustomer expects that a helmet with thename Dräger on the outside will also beDräger on the inside,” says MarkusLamm, Portfolio Manager for Head Pro-tection at Dräger. With development and

Own Helmet ProductionThe Dräger helmet

The centerpiece of the Dräger “Head Protection System” (HPS) is a helmet shell ofglass-fiber reinforced duroplastics. This exceptionally light combination of materialsis extremely resistant to very low and very high temperatures. At shell temperaturesbetween 250 and 270°C (depending on helmet color), Dräger helmets can with-stand a five-kilogram ball dropped from a height of 2.5 meters and effectively pro-tect the head against the impact energy. It can also prevent penetration by aone-kilogram pointed object from a height of 2.5 meters.

P. 45-50 Helmets R/U 14/6/10 3:38 pm Page 46

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Following an extensive assessment andevaluation period, helmet manufacturerHELMET INTEGRATED SYSTEMS LTD (HISL)has announced the availability of theCromwell F900 Fire Fighters Helmet. Colin Robinson, Sales Manager of Fire Products at HISL commented:“The company has been the UK’s leading manufacturer of helmets formore than 80 years. The new Cromwell F900 represents yet another stepforward, both for us and the industry, and demonstrates HISL’scommitment to improving the fire helmet sector.”

The new helmet is approved to the latest standards for structural firehelmet protection, (helmet to EN443:2008 and face guard toEN14458:2004). The optically correct high energy impact resistantpolyphenylsulfone (PPSU) face guard with anti-abrasion and anti-fogprotective coatings is certified to the high energy impact requirement ofEN14458:2004 at extremes of temperatures. Furthermore, the modulardesign includes a detachable face guard cover, which protects the mostvulnerable area of the helmet and is easily replaced if damaged, helping

HELMETS ROUND UP

New F900 Cromwell Fire Helmet

production from a single source, newopportunities emerge: “It is now mucheasier and much less time-consuming torealize an integrated head-protection sys-tem in which the helmet, mask, andaccessories perfectly complement oneanother and thus contribute to greatersafety,” says Lamm. The integration ofnew functions and sensor technology inthe helmet raises new questions, how-ever. “Enhanced sensor technology formonitoring firefighting and rescue opera-tions and improved visualization tech-nologies must be critically evaluated interms of their usefulness for fire depart-ments,” explains Jumpertz, one of twomanaging directors of the new produc-tion site. And in any case, the DrägerBody-Guard II signal and warning unit forcompressed-air breathing apparatusalready enables firefighters today to notonly gauge device data but also measureambient temperature and telemetricallyforward this information to a commandcenter.

There are several versions of thehelmet-mask combination available. Withthe S-Fix system, breathing masks such asthe Dräger FPS-7000 are clamped to the

helmet’s exterior, which means the maskcan be used in combination with helmetsfrom other manufacturers, and vice versa.The HPS 6200 helmet is also availablewith the alternative Q-Fix system. Withthis combination, an additional safetybutton is used to prevent the breathingmask from becoming unclamped as aresult of an impact.

Comfort is personal“Head protection is of the utmost impor-tance to firefighters, but there’s no suchthing as the perfect helmet,” says aveteran of a German Professional FireDepartment who was co-responsible forthe procurement of protective clothing ata vehicle and equipment service unit.Today his work focuses on emergencyvehicles, but as the Respiratory ProtectionOfficer he remains closely involved withthe issue. “For interior attack, we userespiratory protection masks with a five-point head harness, a two-ply hood andthe helmet. We currently use three differ-ent types of masks with various designs.After all, facial shapes differ, so this is theonly way we could optimally equip nearly5,000 firefighters.”

Cool heads in ScandinaviaA Scandinavian Professional Fire Depart-ment switched to the Dräger HPS 6200 in 2007. “With the previous helmet from another manufacturer, we hadproblems with heat damage,” explainsthe Chief of the Fire and Rescue Services.The new helmet had to take morepunishment: “We tested six different hel-mets, sending four firefighter instructorswearing the helmets under considerationinto our training building, and the Drägerhelmet exhibited the best resistance toheat.”

For more information, please contact:Drager Safety Asia Pte Ltd.67 Ayer Rajah Crescent #06-03139950 SingaporeTel: +65 6 872 9288Fax: +65 6 512 1908Website: www.draeger.com

48 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

This is the latest addition to a growing

product range for Company based in

Hertfordshire and Scotland.

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 49

HELMETS ROUND UP

It fulfills the growing requirements of firesoldiers in their varied tasks and isespecially dedicated to structural fire-fighting in buildings, tunnels and otherstructures with sometimes extremeconditions like for example heat,flames, falling objects, electricaland chemical hazards.

Thanks to its unmatched com-fort, its adjustable mask attach-ment feature and its interfaces foraccessories, the F1SF is a true plat-form for all critical operations wherethe firefighter needs a maximum offunctionality and comfort to fully con-centrate on his tasks.

Since its introduction in 1985,MSA Gallet has made severalenhancements to the F1 series tocontinuously ensure superior pro-tection and comfort according tothe latest technologies, standardsand expectations of the growingnumber of users.

Here again, the reinforced shockabsorption system and the enhanced faceshield meeting EN14458 requirements

significantly raise the level of protectionagainst a multitude of hazards. At thesame time the F1 keeps its unique prop-

erties and style and remains the referencefire-fighting helmet throughout theworld.

The main characteristics of the F1SF are:● Compact helmet with full coverage

(EN 443:2008, Type B), including aselection of high quality neck/integralprotection

● Well balanced design and multipleadjustability for long time wearercomfort

● Eye/face protection with 2 retrac-table visors depending on theapplication:– a metal coated face shield with high

optical performance and radiantheat protection

– an ocular visor with very highmechanical resistance

● Mask helmet combination with opti-mized fit through adjustable andreliable KitFix interface

● Unique possibility to customize theproduct with coat of arms and col-ored front plate

● Adjustable 3 point chinstrap withbuilt-in comfort pads

FISF Helmets EN443: 2008

to reduce the life cycle costs and protect-ing the integrity of the helmet shell.

HISLs Research and Development Pro-ject Manager, Martin Gouldthorpeadded: “The new helmet providesincreased standards of protection andcomfort, combined with the advantageof minimising service and repair costs. Itsunique internal liner absorbs impact anddeflects heat providing an effectiveinsulation barrier.”

This is the latest addition to a growingproduct range for the Company based inHertfordshire and Scotland, with recentannouncements about its police publicorder helmets obtaining CE accreditationand developments across its range ofPAPR and Air Fed respirators for industrialuse. The new helmet joins a range of firehelmets offered by the company, includ-ing the Cromwell F600 which is certified

to the earlier standards (EN443:1997,EN166:2001) and the USAR, GeneralRescue and Wild Land Fire solution theCromwell ER1, which is in operationworldwide.

For further information please contactHelmet Integrated Systems on:Tel: +44 (0) 1776 704421Fax: +44 (0) 1776 706342Email: [email protected]: www.helmets.co.uk

Approved according to European Norm 443:2008, MSA’s range of F1SFhelmets sets the last standard for firefighter’s head protection and comfort.

All helmets are designed and manufactured by MSA in

Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne (France), using high performance materials

and applying most stringent quality standards.

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Over the years Pacific Helmets hasworked closely with emergency servicesthroughout the world to design helmetsthat meet their exact requirements. Thiscollaboration and our flexible manu-facturing process has resulted in PacificHelmets having the largest range ofemergency services helmets of anyhelmet manufacturer in the world

There have been vast improvements tothe Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)used by emergency service personnel,both in the materials used and the designof the equipment.

In addition to meeting the requiredstandard the best protective equipmentshould fulfil the following requirements:● Suitable for purpose ● Suitable for the environment in which

it is to be used● Culturally accepted● Easy to use

Given the large range of equipmentthat is available to emergency services it isvital that the right PPE is used for the job.The wearer must be suitably protectedfrom the risks they are likely to face. How-ever this must be achieved while stillallowing the wearer to carry out the tasksrequired of them. Many rescue personneldo not require bulky and heavy equip-ment that impedes their ability to work.Likewise it would be unwise to enter astructural fire wearing only light dutyequipment. Pacific Helmets makes a rangeof helmets for all situations, whether it beconfined spaces, bushfires or structuralfires. These helmets vary greatly in designdepending on their intended purpose.

Helmets should also be suitable for theenvironment they are to be used in. Forexample during the prolonged ambientheat experienced during a bush fire,personnel need equipment that will keep

them safe but also be light and cool so toavoid them overheating. Our bodies looseover 60% of body heat through the head;therefore it is important that the helmetallow the necessary heat dissipation fromthe wearer. Pacific Helmets manufacture arange of vented reuse helmets and light-weight bush fire helmets that allow excel-lent heat dissipation in hot environments.

By making helmets that are lightweightand comfortable the risk of personnelremoving the helmet is greatly reduced.Unfortunately recent trends in internationalstandards such as EN443; 2008 and NFPA1971 have meant that many helmets man-ufacturers have needed to add significantweight to structural fire helmets (up to25%) in order to meet the standards. Thisincreases the likelihood that users will takeoff their helmets during prolonged use,putting themselves in danger.

Exporting to over 80 countries, PacificHelmets manufactures helmets to everymajor safety standard throughout the world.

The style of helmet varies greatly dependingon cultural norms. Fire helmets for instanceare available in the full Euro style and thetraditional or classic style. There are prosand con for both styles, but both offerexcellent protection and much of the argu-ment is largely based cultural norms.

Pacific Helmets manufactures both theEuro style helmets that are used through-out Europe and the Middle East and Asia,and the classic style fire helmet used inAustralia. Equipment must be sociallyacceptable to ensure that personnel haveno resistance to wearing them.

Pacific Helmets is continually looking atways to make our helmets user-friendlier.A result of this is the launch of our new“One Touch” eye protector. This uniquesystem allows the deployment of aninternally stowed eye protector with asimple push of a thumb. There is no morefumbling with knobs or tabs while wear-ing cumbersome or contaminated gloves.This feature is available both in structuralfire helmets and Paramedic helmets.

For more information, please contact:Pacific Helmets (NZ) Ltd Tel: 64 + 6 + 344 5019 Fax: 64 + 6 + 344 5376 Email: [email protected]: www.pacifichelmets.com

50 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

HELMETS ROUND UP

Pacific Helmets (NZ) Ltd.

● Comfort headband with patentedquick adjustment system (53-64 cm)

● Built-in interfaces for accessories: choiceof lamps and communication headsets

● Wide range of colors available For larger head sizes (58-65 cm) the F1E

model with similar characteristics is avail-able.

All helmets are designed and manu-factured by MSA in Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne

(France), using high performance materi-als and applying most stringent qualitystandards.

MSA also designs and manufacturers acomprehensive range of NFPA 1971:2007approved helmets, as well as head pro-tection for rescue, police, special forces,military, aeronautics and industrial appli-cations. Further products of MSA’s widerange of Personal Protective Equipment

include respiratory protection, thermalimaging cameras, hearing protection aswell as gas detection devices.

For more information, please contact:MSA GalletTel: +33 (0) 474 55 01 55Fax: +44 (0) 474 55 24 80Email: [email protected]: msa-gallet.fr

PACIFIC HELMETS (NZ) LTDshowcased several new andinnovative helmet designs atthe Interschutz show inGermany this June.

Pacific manufactures

helmets to every

major safety standard

throughout the world.

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CBRN

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 53

During this summit, the U.S. governmentstated that the probability is very high thatterrorists will acquire radioactive or bio-

logical material until 2013 to build a kind of bombwhich could be detonated in a town with millionsof inhabitants.

Recently, the British Security Minister Lord Westhas warned that Britain could be more open tonuclear and chemical attacks by terrorists and thatthe risk of a dirty bomb blast at the LondonOlympics in 2012 is a very real danger.

In February 2010, Exercise “Lükex 09/10“ tookplace in Germany, with several federal states partic-ipating. The exercise dealt with the handling of anationwide crisis due to terrorist attacks, includingincidents with chemical and radiological weapons.

These statements and those of many otherexperts, as well as strategies and provisions inmany countries worldwide allow anticipatingdevelopments towards the most destructive formsof terrorism: the chemical, biological, radiologicaland nuclear (CBRN) terrorism.

By Ernst Hepler

Senior ConsultantBlücher GmbH

Prepared for theUnavoidable?During the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington D.C. in April 2010, U.S.President Obama said “The single biggest threat to U.S. Security, …. short-term,medium-term and long-term, would be the possibility of a terrorist organizationobtaining a nuclear weapon. This is something that could change the securitylandscape in this country and around the world for years to come”.

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The threatCBRN terrorism could become reality in threeways. The first and most basic form would be themisuse of existing Weapons of Mass Destruction(WMD). However, the possibility of non-authoriseduse of military chemical, biological or nuclearweapons is limited, mainly because of their strate-gic importance and the ongoing implementationof arms control and disarmament agreements. It ishardly conceivable that terrorists, how effectivelyorganised they may be, could lay their hands onmilitary NBC weapons. Consolidated findings,however, indicate that even nuclear terrorismcannot be ruled out.

A second form of threat could come from themanufacture and use of WMD components byterrorists themselves, as happened in 1995 in theTokyo underground when the Aum sect used Sarinthat it had produced. Lethal toxic compounds,highly efficient pathogens and toxins, as well asthe misuse of Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs),infectious materials and radionuclides, are in therange of possibilities. For some years, hazards fromthe offensive use of so-called “radiological disper-sal devices (RDDs)” or “dirty bombs”, havebecome an important issue. An RDD combinesconventional explosives with radioactive materialand could potentially contaminate large areas formany years.

The third form, still underestimated today, iswhen dangerous substances like TICs, inflammablesubstances, radionuclides or infectious materialsare released as a result of attacks on installationssuch as production facilities, storage sites andlaboratories, with conventional weapons. Suchattacks, causing the sudden release of harmfulsubstances, would have a much more dramaticeffect than those caused by human error orequipment failure.

First responders Today, most of the First Responders are well-trained and equipped for “conventional” disasterand hazardous material incident response. Gas-tight garments, combined with air supply systems,have been standard for many years. Police Forcesin many cases are only equipped with protectivemasks.

The magnitude of potential events and theneed for preparedness warrants that all FirstResponders be trained and equipped for handlingthe unique hazards associated with CBRNterrorism.

From the terror attack in Tokyo we have learnedthat the first hour, often called “golden hour”, isthe crucial time for saving lives and that organisa-tions are required that can respond withinminutes. These local community organisations arefire brigades, police forces and rescue andemergency medical services.

CBRN terrorist incidents are always creatingchaotic circumstances. One can imagine situationswith multiple casualties, many of them crying forhelp, suffering from excessive sweating, vomiting,rapid breathing or watering eyes, when the mostimportant factor is time. In order to reach the high-est efficiency of rescue teams, protective gear withthe optimal compromise between protection for theworst case scenario and functionality with regard tofulfilment of the mission needs to be found.

The responsibilities of First Responder units in aCBRN terrorist incident are different from countryto country. For example, within the Israeli HomeFront Command, the police force is responsible forthe evacuation of non-affected people and victimsfrom the hot zone, controlling the entire operationand isolating the area. Environmental Teams detectand identify the hazardous materials and consultwith the operations leader in risk assessment.

54 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PREPARED FOR THE UNAVOIDABLE?CBRN

P. 53-57 CBRN 14/6/10 3:32 pm Page 54

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Page 58: APF Issue 34

Emergency and first aid medical teams treat andtransfer the victims to hospitals. Fire brigades areresponsible for the decontamination of contami-nated victims and First Responders, coming out ofthe hot zone.

In Germany, the responsibilities are allocateddifferently. Here, the fire brigades bear the majorburden of reconnaissance and rescue work in thehot zone and the following decontaminationtasks. The police forces, which partly have notbeen adequately equipped and trained yet, aremainly responsible for closing off and securing theentire action.

EquipmentIn general, the different technologies of protectiveequipment for First Responders can be grouped in following 4 categories. As not all potential usersare familiar with the U.S. levels A to D of OSHA orclasses 2 to 4 of NFPA, this categorisation inaccordance with technical aspects was chosen.

Type 1: fully encapsulating gas-tight chemicalprotective garments with positive air supply or self-contained breathing apparatus.

Type 2: air-impermeable garments made of differ-ent specific synthetic materials with full-face airpurifying respirators or self-contained breathingapparatus.

Type 3: garments consisting of flame-retardantthermal layers and a layer of an air-tight semi-

permeable or selectively permeable membrane,with full-face air purifying respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus.

Type 4: air-permeable garments with a layer ofactivated carbon with full-face air purifyingrespirators.

Type 1 offers the highest possible protection,but it takes a long time for donning and doffingthe equipment. It also restricts the mobility of thewearer and can only be used for limited periods oftime due to limited air supply and high heat stress.This expensive equipment is therefore not suitablefor fast rescue activities and life saving missions. Itis appropriate when First Responders can comeinto contact with bigger splashes of harmfulliquids from unknown sources and/or high concen-trations of enduring toxic vapours, which canoccur in confined spaces, like tunnels or under-grounds. In these cases, an evaluation of the situa-tion, the detection and identification of the hazardand the evacuation of victims from the hot zone,should be conducted by using such equipment.

Type 2 can offer reasonable protection but theprotection degrades quite rapidly due to the“bellows effect”, i.e. a significant amount ofcontaminated air is continuously pumped into thegarment through unavoidably leaking seals andclosures or damaged fabric parts. In addition,dependent on climatic conditions and physicalstrain, the wearers’ performance is likely todegrade rapidly due to heat stress caused by

56 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

CBRN

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prevention of an exchange of heat and sweatoccurring from metabolic load.

Type 3 is the preferred garment for fire brigadesin fire fighting missions that often also is wornduring live saving missions. Similar clothing is alsoworn by some police forces. The protection level iscomparable to that of type 2 garments. As themembrane which is integrated into the textile layersis airtight, the “bellows effect” phenomenon alsoapplies to these garments. The bellows effect canbe avoided by adding a layer of activated carbon,which is sometimes the case for police forces. Thelimited water-vapour permeability of the membranecan cause considerable heat stress, dependent onenvironmental and working conditions.

Type 4 is the standard military individual CB pro-tective garment. It consists of a textile outer layerthat stops liquids, and an inner layer containingactivated carbon for the adsorption of hazardousvapours. Permeable-type garments in generalprovide protection factors in the order of one ortwo magnitudes higher than type 2 and type 3

garments. Small amounts of contaminated air thatcould pass through seals and closures areadsorbed by the activated carbon layer from theinside, before they can reach the skin. Due to thehigh air and water-vapour permeability of the tex-tile layers, the physiological load on the wearer ismuch lower than for type 2 and type 3 garments.

On-site situationIn many cases, First Responders will arrive on thescene when the initial concentration peak ofvolatile chemical agents or TICs as well as biologicalaerosols and radioactive particles have been dis-persed, diluted and dissipated into the air consider-ably. The predominant hazard is against therespiratory tract. For those First Responders thatdon´t have to enter the hot zone, the skin exposuredosages are moderate or low and clearly below thelevels that are expected in military conflicts. Goodrespiratory protection, equal or better than militarystandards, is required in any situation. Garmentssimilar to the individual CB protective garments ofthe military are then appropriate.

SolutionFirst Responders, including police forces, that areresponsible for saving lives after CBRN terroristincidents, need equipment that provides adequateprotection, is easy and fast to don and doff andallows to work in dynamic chaotic situations forlonger periods of time. In addition to efficientrespiratory protection, air-permeable-type suitsbased on activated carbon adsorption, which alsoprevent the penetration of aerosols and radio-active particles, are the best possible solution.

Out of the existing adsorptive technologies, i.e.carbon-impregnated foam and nonwoven andactivated carbon fibre technology, the sphericaladsorber technology has proven to be superior interms of protection, durability, mechanical stability,wearing comfort, launderability and versatility.

SARATOGA® garments based on the sphericaladsorber technology which have been especiallydeveloped for First Responders, are presently widelyused, as for example by the German Civil DefenseOrganisation, U.S. City Fire Departments, Federaland State Police Forces, FBI, State and City Emer-gency Rescue Units and Emergency ResponseOrganisations (“Hammer Suit”), the Royal CanadianMounted Police, the Singapore and Saudi ArabianCivil Defense Forces and the Italian Carabinieri.

CB protective gloves, socks or boots asreplacements for heavy and bulky rubber arti-cles complement the range of SARATOGA®

applications. APF

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 57

PREPARED FOR THE UNAVOIDABLE? CBRN

Small amounts of

contaminated air that could

pass through seals and

closures are adsorbed by the

activated carbon layer from

the inside, before they can

reach the skin.

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Control Logic w/p 16/2/06 12:22 pm Page 1

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TRAINING SIMULATIONFigure 1. TrainingTransfer to OperationalIncidents

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 59

Understanding and application

Safe and effective structural firefighting opera-tions require a solid understanding of firedynamics and skill in task and tactical activity.

However, while necessary, this knowledge and skillis not sufficient. Firefighters and fire officers musteffectively apply this knowledge on the fireground.Facilitating this transfer from training to opera-tional context is a significant challenge.

It is reasonable to expect that firefighters andfire officers develop critical skills before beingcalled upon to use them under emergency condi-tions. However, as Aristotle observed; “for thethings we have to learn before we can do, welearn by doing” (Aristotle, 1984, p. 1738). Trainingin a realistic context not only provides an opportu-nity to develop a practical understanding of firedynamics and proficiency in firefighting skills, butis also a means for learners to recognize cues andconditions that are critical to effective decision-making.

In emergency operations, firefighters are oftenfaced with limited information about the building,occupants, contents, and fire conditions. This lackof information increases firefighters’ risk. However,in the training environment, conditions arecontrolled to provide a safer environment for theparticipants. Speaking at the 2009 InternationalFire Instructors Workshop in Sydney, Australia Dr.Stefan Svensson of the Swedish Civil Contingen-cies Agency posed the question: “How do we getlearners to understand the differences betweentraining fires and ‘real fires’”. This is an interesting

question in that training conducted in a container,burn building, or acquired structure is in fact a“real fire”, but has considerably differentcharacteristics than a fire occurring in a house,apartment, or commercial building. Improperlydesigned training may provide the learner with aninaccurate perspective on the fire environmentwhich can lead to disastrous consequences.

Recognizing the differences between the train-ing and operational environment is critical tolearners, trainers, and training program managers.Training must not present unreasonable risk to theparticipants, but must result in development ofknowledge and skill that effectively transfers tothe operational environment.

What is the difference?Compartment fires in the training environment dif-fer from those encountered during emergencyoperations on the basis of compartment character-istics, fuel, ventilation profile, heat release rate,and time scale. In addition to differences related tofire dynamics, firefighters and fire officers alsoencounter psychological stress resulting from asense of urgency and societal expectations ofimmediate action (particularly in situations where persons are reported to be trapped in thebuilding).

Other than acquired buildings, structures usedfor fire training are generally designed and builtfor repetitive use and not for regular humanhabitation. Structural characteristics that make adurable live fire training facility are considerably

By Edward E.Hartin, MS, EFO,MIFireE, CFO

Live FireTraining asSimulationFighting fires inside buildings (compartment fires) is a low frequency/high hazardactivity for firefighters around the world. Effective training develops theknowledge to make appropriate strategic and tactical decisions as well asproficiency in the skills necessary to mitigate or reduce hazards and provide asafer operating environment. However, the question of what makes fire trainingeffective is often unasked and even more often unanswered.

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different than most if not all other structures inthe built environment. Density, thermal conductivi-ty, and specific heat of training structures can beconsiderably different than a dwelling or commer-cial structure, which has a significant impact onfire behavior.

A purpose built prop or burn building is alsolikely to have significantly different compartmenta-tion and ventilation profile than a typical residen-tial or commercial structure. Live fire trainingfacilities often (but not always) are designed withsmall burn compartments. This speeds fire devel-opment and minimizes both initial and ongoingcost. However, fire behavior and the impact of fire

control tactics can be considerably different in alarge area and/or high ceiling compartment. Manymodern structures are designed with open floorplans that are challenging to duplicate in the train-ing environment. Energy efficient structures limitventilation (air exchange), while training structuresare often quite leaky, particularly after extensiveuse. This can have a significant influence on devel-opment of a ventilation controlled burning regimeand influence of ventilation on the concentrationof gas phase fuel in smoke. Failure of glass win-dows in ordinary structures should be anticipated,as this changes the ventilation profile and resultingfire behavior. Training structures on the other handprovide a more consistent ventilation profile as

durable (e.g., metal) windows do not present thesame potential for failure.

While structural characteristics, compartmenta-tion, and ventilation differ between typical structuresin the built environment and those used for live firetraining, one of the most significant differences liesin the types, quantity, and configuration of fuel.

Occupational safety and environmental consid-erations are the two major influences on the typeand amount of fuel used for compartment fire behavior training (CFBT).1 In the United States,the impact of environmental regulations on livefire training varies with location. In general,requirements related to emission of smoke are

more stringent in urban areas. National Fire Protec-tion Association (NFPA) 1403 Standard on Live FireTraining (NFPA, 2007) is fairly explicit regardingfuel characteristics and loading for live fire trainingevolutions, prohibiting the use of treated wood,plastic, rubber, and flammable liquids (unless apurpose built prop is specifically designed for useof liquid fuel). Fuel loading must also be limited topreclude the occurrence of uncontrolled flashoveror backdraft. Fuel used for CFBT generally falls

60 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Figure 2. Variations inStructural CharacteristicsInfluence Fire Behavior

TRAINING SIMULATION

Note: From left to right, these photos illustrate an acquired structure with gypsum board compartment linings, apurpose built masonry burn building with high temperature ceramic lining, and steel container based prop with cor-rugated sheet steel lining.

Other than acquired buildings, structures used for fire

training are generally designed and built for repetitive

use and not for regular human habitation. Structural

characteristics that make a durable live fire training

facility are considerably different than most if not all

other structures in the built environment. Density,

thermal conductivity, and specific heat of training

structures can be considerably different than a dwelling

or commercial structure, which has a significant

impact on fire behavior.

1CFBT is used here as a generic term for training in practical firedynamics and compartment firefighting and is inclusive ofclassroom instruction, laboratory demonstrations, live fire train-ing in fire behaviour, and live fire tactical training.

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into two categories, Class A fuels such as wood orstraw and Class B gas fuels such as propane.

Differences in structural characteristics, ventila-tion profile, and fuel load provide considerably dif-ferent fire dynamics between the training andoperational environments. How much and in whatways does this impact on the effectiveness oftraining in compartment firefighting?

FidelityCFBT does not completely replicate fire conditionsencountered in an operational context. All live firetraining involves simulation. The extent to which asimulation reflects reality is referred to as fidelity:

The degree to which a model or simulationreproduces the state and behavior of a realworld object or the perception of a realworld object, feature, condition, or chosenstandard in a measurable or perceivablemanner; a measure of the realism of amodel or simulation; faithfulness… 2. Themethods, metrics, and descriptions of mod-els or simulations used to compare thosemodels or simulations to their real worldreferents or to other simulations in suchterms as accuracy, scope, resolution, level ofdetail, level of abstraction and repeatability.

(Northam, n.d.)

Fidelity can be described in a number of differ-ent ways. One fairly simple approach is to examinephysical and functional fidelity (see Figure 3).Physical fidelity is the extent to which the simula-tion looks and feels real. Functional fidelity isbased on the extent to which the simulation worksand reacts realistically.

Describing fidelity of a simulation as low,moderate, or high, is unlikely to provide adequateclarity. A more useful description of fidelityincludes both qualitative and quantitative mea-sures on multiple dimensions. But what measuresand dimensions? In a compartment firefightingsimulation, key elements of physical fidelity willlikely include fire behavior indicators such as Build-ing, Smoke, Air Track, Heat, and Flame (B-SAHF).

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Describing fidelity of a

simulation as low,

moderate, or high, is

unlikely to provide

adequate clarity. A more

useful description of

fidelity includes both

qualitative and

quantitative measures on

multiple dimensions.

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Important aspects of fidelity would include thecharacteristics of doors and windows (e.g., open-ing mechanism), hose and nozzles, and influence

of tactics such as gas and surface cooling on firebehavior. Replicating conditions encounteredduring emergency operations using an acquiredstructure would likely provide the most realisticcontext and correspondingly the greatest risk toparticipants.

On the surface it makes sense that increasedfidelity would result in increased effectiveness andtransfer of knowledge and skill. However, it isimportant to remember that simulations are amodel of reality and “all models are wrong, butsome models are useful” (Box & Draper, 1987, p. 424). The importance of the various aspects of

fidelity depend on the intended learning outcomeof the simulation. In fact, a simulation that focuseson critical contextual elements may be more effec-tive than one that more fully replicates reality.However, at this point, we simply have unsupportedopinion and in some cases anecdotal evidence ofthe effectiveness or lack of effectiveness of currenttraining practices. The key to this puzzle is toclearly define the intended learning outcomes andidentify the critical elements of context that arerequired.

Questions to be answeredKey questions for trainers and training programmanagers responsible for CFBT include:● What degree of simulation fidelity is necessary

to develop the knowledge and skills necessary for safe and effective operation onthe fireground?

● What are the key elements of fidelity forvarious learning outcomes such as 1) develop-ing understanding of fire development in acompartment, 2) dynamic risk assessment,inclusive of recognizing critical fire behaviorindicators, 3) selecting appropriate fire control

techniques, 4) developing competence andconfidence when operating in a hazardousenvironment, 5) developing skill in nozzleoperation and technique, 6) evaluating theeffect of tactical operations.

● Is live fire training the only or most effectivesimulation method for achieving these learningoutcomes? If so, what type of simulation willsafely provide the required degree of fidelity? Ifnot, what other simulation method may beused in place of, or in addition to live firetraining to provide the required degree offidelity?

62 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Figure 3. Two-Dimensional FidelityMatrix

TRAINING SIMULATION

The importance of the various aspects of fidelity depend

on the intended learning outcome of the simulation. In

fact, a simulation that focuses on critical contextual

elements may be more effective than one that more

fully replicates reality. However, at this point, we

simply have unsupported opinion and in some cases

anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness or lack of

effectiveness of current training practices. The key

to this puzzle is to clearly define the intended

learning outcomes and identify the critical elements

of context that are required.

Note: Adapted from Fidelity Versus Cost and its Effecton Modeling & Simulation (Duncan, 2007)

Fu

nct

ion

al F

idel

ity

Hig

hM

ediu

mL

ow

Low Medium HighPhysical Fidelity

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Effective performance under stressful conditionssuch as those encountered during firefightingoperations requires substantial training in arealistic context. However, effective training in thiscontext presents considerable challenges.

Training effective task performance in stress-ful situations requires that the followingconditions be met: (a) Trainees should beexposed to and familiarized with stressorscharacteristic of the criterion situation; suchstressors should be introduced into the train-ing process in a manner that (b) prevents the build-up of anxiety and (c) minimizesinterference with acquisition of skills thatthe training is designed to promote.

(Friedland & Keinan, 1992, 157)

Examining the various dimensions of fidelityprovides a starting point for a more substantivediscussion of live fire training as simulation andcritical elements of context for safe and effectivefire training programs.

ReferencesAristotle (1984) Nicomachaen ethics. In The completeworks of Aristotle, (J. Barnes, Ed.). Princeton, NJ:Princeton University PressBox, G. & Draper, N. (1987). Empirical model-buildingand response surfaces. San Francisco: Wiley.Duncan, J. (2007). Fidelity versus cost and its effect onmodeling & simulation. Paper presented at TwelfthInternational Command and Control Research andTechnology Symposium (12th ICCRTS), 19-21 June2007, Newport, RI.Friedland, N. & Keinan, G. (1992) Training effectiveperformance in stressful situations: Three approachesand implications for combat training. Military Psycholo-gy, 4 (3), 157-174.National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). (2007)NFPA 1403 Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions.Quincy, MA: Author.Northam, G. (n.d.). Simulation fidelity – Getting intouch with reality. Retrieved May 2, 2009 fromhttp://www.siaa.asn.au/get/2395365095.pdf

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 63

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requires substantial

training in a realistic

context. However,

effective training in this

context presents

considerable challenges.

P. 59-63 Training Sims 14/6/10 3:32 pm Page 63

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BAUERCOMPRESSORSBANGLADESH

BIZ2SAFE ENTERPRISE PTE LTD192/1 East Kafrul, Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka 1206, BangladeshContact: Mr GuptaTel: 88 0 2 875 0010 or 9198 202 98969Fax: 88 0 2 871 4400Email: [email protected]/Distributor

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BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD2 Penjuru Place, #01-05 Penjuru Tech HubSingapore 608783Contact: Mr Stephen Hines (Managing Director)Tel: +65 6271 6271Fax: +65 6272 3345Email: [email protected] Subsidiary Office

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MING SHEN ENTERPRISE CO LTD5, PaShih 1 Street, DanShui TownTaipei, Taiwan 25170, TaiwanContact: Mr Tom TsengTel: +886 (2) 2809 5789Fax: +886 (2) 2809 6189Email: [email protected]/Distributor

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YEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LTD18 Penhas Road, 208182, SingaporeTel: +65 62909890Fax: +65 62961444Email: [email protected]/Distributor

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64 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

Distributor and Representative Offices

Dealer/Distrib June 2010 14/6/10 3:33 pm Page 64

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JAPAN

ABLE-YAMAUCHI CO LTDYokohama Nishiguchi, SIA Building10-36 Kitasaiwai2-Chome Nishi-KuYokohama 220-0004Japan Contact: S Yamauchi Tel: +81 45 312 1130Fax: +81 45 312 1350Email: [email protected]: www.able.yamauchi.co.jpDealer/Distributor

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PHILLIPS & SMITH LTD10 Akatea RoadGlendeneAucklandNew ZealandContact: Mr S HamptonTel: +649 818 8048Fax: +649 818 4484Email: [email protected]: www.firemaster.co.nzDealer/Distributor

SINGAPOREYEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LTD18 Penhas Road208182, Singapore Tel: +65 62909890Fax: +65 62961444Email: [email protected]: www.fireweld.com.sg Dealer/Distributor

SRI LANKA FIRETECH (PRIVATE) LTD34 Walter Gunesekara MawathaNawalaSri Lanka Contact: Leon DanielsTel: +94 11 4410588Fax: +94 11 2806666Email: [email protected]/Distributor

TAIWANSHENG-TAI FIRE PROTECTIONINDUSTRIAL CO LTDNo 222-2 Sec2Cheng Tai RdWu-Ku ShiangTaipei, Hsien, TaiwanContact: Liu Yuan HungTel: +886 22292 1751Fax: +886 22291 1984Email: [email protected] Website: www.shengtai.com.tw Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAMTRAN VU TRADING CO LTD 61 Ban Co Street, District 3Hochiminh CityViet NamContact: Tran Vu HongTel: +84 88325101Fax: +84 88309586Email: [email protected]: www.tranvufire.comDealer/Distributor

COLTRI ASIA PACIFICCHINA

SHANGHAI AND SOUTHERN CHINA:

SHANGHAI PANNY TRADING CO LTD 3F,#17-2 No.230, Xinjinqiao Rd., Pudong new area,Shanghai China Contact: Mr Todd Tel: +86-21-50321062Fax: +86-21-50321063 Email: [email protected] Website: www.coltrisub-china.com Dealer/Distributor

HONG KONG AND MACAU

WAH SHING COMPANY No. 2B-2C, G/F., Larch Street, Tai Kok Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong SARContact: Miss Jackio Kwok Tel: +852 2391 3997, +852 2391 4084Fax: +852 2789 4638 Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

INDIA

JYO TECH ENGINEERING & MARKETING H-49 A, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019 India Tel: +91 (11) 26447966Fax: +91 (11) 26482189 Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

DIVEMASTERS INDONESIA JAKARTA Jl.Bangka Raya No.39A Jakarta 12720 Indonesia Tel: +6221 7199045Fax: +6221 7198974 Dealer/Distributor

BALI Jl. By Pass I Gusti Ngurah Rai No. 314 Sanur,Denpasar 80228 BaliIndonesia Tel: +62361 283138Fax: +62361 285736 Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

LAUTAN MASJl. Toko Tiga No. 24 Jakarta 11230 Indonesia Tel: +62 (0) 21 690-1333Fax: +62 (0) 21 690 2479 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lautanmas.com Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

RAINBOW RUNNER S/B383D Jln Ampang 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: +60 (03) 42514368 or 42515368Fax: +60 (03) 42511268 Branch: 3.06, Plaza Berjaya Jln Imbi 55100 KualaLumpur Malaysia Tel: +60 (03) 21414587Fax: +60 (03) 21487440 Website: www.rainbowrunner.net Dealer/Distributor

MALDIVES

MARKETECH MALDIVES PVT LTD M.Iramaa, 1st Floor, Fareedhi MaguRep of Maldives Tel: +(960) 3331911Fax: +(960) 3318815 Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

AIR TECHNOLOGY LTD 5/20 Constellation DriveMairangi Bay 0632 Auckland PO Box 305065 Triton PlazaNorth Shore Auckland 0757 New Zealand Contact: Ross Irvine Tel: 64-9-478 9995Fax: 64-9-478 6221 Website: www.divecompressors.co.nz Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

AQUAMUNDO SPORTS INC G/FVernida I Bldg., 120 Amorsolo St. Legaspi Village,Makati City, Philippines 1229 Tel: (+632) 813-AQUA (2782) (+632) 817-AQUA (2782)Fax: Dial local 13 Email: [email protected],[email protected] Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

ALLROUND ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGIES PTE LTD 105 Sims Ave #03-06 Chancerlodge Complex Singapore 387429 Tel: +65 749 2778Fax: +65 749 2977 Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

KOREA, REPUBLIC OF

DAE WOONG SUITS CO LTD 1614-15,Seocho-Dong, Seocho-Ku,Seoul, KoreaTel: 82-2-588-0970Fax: 82-2-587-0392 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mares.co.kr Dealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

NELVEN CO LTD 14F-6, No. 76, Sec. 1, Fu-Shings South Rd Taipei City 106, Taiwan Tel: (886) 2-2721-9770Fax: (886)2-8773-2047 Email: [email protected] Website: www.nelven.com.tw Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND, VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, SRI LANKA

SIAM DIVING ENTERPRISES ASIAPACIFIC CO LTD No.12, Chaloemprakiat Ratchakan Thi 9 Road, Soi48, Dokmai, Prawet, Bangkok, 10250, Thailand Tel: +66 2 726-6101-5Fax: +66 2 726-6106 Email: [email protected],[email protected] Website: www.aerotecnicacoltriasiapacific.com Dealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

SCUBA SUPPLY 120/54a Nguyen Thien Thuat Street, Nha Trang,Vietnam Tel: +84 (0) 914 029 790Fax: +84 (0) 58 252 0576 Email: [email protected] Website: www.scubavietnam.com Dealer/Distributor

CON-SPACECOMMUNICATIONSCHINA

ANCOM SYSTEMS, INCBuilding 5, Courtyard 10, BeijingContact: Wang, Jacinta FTel: 86-10-6202-2792Email: [email protected]/Distributor

BEIJING CBT MACHINE & ELECTRICEQUIPMENT INCRoom 503, Building HTimecourt, No. 6 yardBeijingContact: Chou, YuTel: 010-84440107/8Email: [email protected]/Distributor

OCEANS SAFETY EQUIP CO LTDRm19A 10 & 11, Jazz Mansion, ShenzhenContact: Zhang, EchoTel: 86-755-8328-0633Email: [email protected]/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 65

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WUXI NEW FIRETRE SAFETECH LTDBlock 3 Long Shan Wen Bo Industrial ParkWuxi, Jiang Su PRCContact: Wang, ChadTel: 86 510 139 0619 8090Email: [email protected]: www.wfs.com.cnDealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

EASTERN FORUM FE CO LTDUnit A2, 1/F No 1123 Canton Road, MongkokContact: Fung, Eddy K PTel: 852-278-734-64Email: [email protected]: www.rescue.com.hkDealer/Distributor

SUPREME CORoom 1812, Park-In Commercial Center, Mong KokContact: Chau, GaryTel: 852-27808818Email: [email protected]: www.supremeco.com.hkDealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

P.T. MITRA TEKNIKATAMAJl Ekor Kuning No: 1, JakartaContact: Prabowo, BudhiTel: 62-21 6602144Email: [email protected]/Distributor

JAPAN

TEISEN – TEIKOKU SERI-I CO LTD103-0027, TokyoContact: Katano, YasuTel: 81 3 3281 3033Email: [email protected]: www.teisen.co.jpDealer/Distributor

KOREA

KEO WHA R & F CO LTDRM 1, FL 1, Jiwoo Building, SeoulContact: Zyung, KennethTel: 82 02 335 0145 7Email: [email protected]/Distributor

MACAO

ARTIGOS ELECTRICOS TICORua Dos Pescadores, 180 Edf. Ind. Veng Hou, 7 And. MacauContact: Weng Kei, LeongTel: 853-28923023Email: [email protected]: www.tico.com.moDealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

ALL DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD14 Jansen Close, SingaporeContact: Phua AugustineTel: 065 6387 8887Email: [email protected]/Distributor

WASILAH HOLDINGS SDN BHDNo 15 & 17, Jin 3/4C, Kuala LumpurContact: Abdullah, Nor AzilizaTel: 603 410 761 01Email: [email protected]/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

RESQTEK INDUSTRIAL SALES402 Paltoc St. Sta. Mesa, ManilaContact: Agudo, DonnTel: 632 715 3660Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SINGAPORE

DEFENCE SECURITY PTD LTD37 Yu Li Industrial Bldg, SingaporeContact: Lim, RobertTel: 674-32-180Email: [email protected]: www.defencesecurity.com.sgDealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

SUPER PREMIUM CO LTD18F-5, No. 16, Jian Ba RoadChung Ho CityContact: Yeh, AnnieTel: 886-2-822-65-855Email: [email protected]/Distributor

THAILAND

S.P. & ASSOCIATES LTD40/747 1st Fl Moo 10 Nuanjan RKhet BuengkumContact: Eddie, ETel: 66-2-946-1593-98Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SEA AIR THAI CO LTD98 Soi Ramintra 49, BangkokContact: Raskin, CraigTel: 668-7900-0783Email: [email protected]: www.seaairthai.comDealer/Distributor

VIETNAM

APTES VIETNAM, JSCGround floor, 39 Nguyen Trai TowerHa NoiContact: Le Tung, DaoTel: 84 4 568 1886Email: [email protected]: www.aptes.com.vnDealer/Distributor

LACVIET TECHNICAL SCIENTIFITIC &ELECTRIC CO LTD152 Nguyen Hong Dao Str Ward 14Ho Chi Minh CityContact: Nguyen, TuanTel: 84 8 8492 734Email: [email protected]: www.lacviettech.com.vnDealer/Distributor

AUSTRALIA

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, VieraFl 32955, USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected]: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative Office

CHINA

ANCOMBuilding 5, Courtyard 10 VillageMiddleroad, North 3rd Ring RoadContact: Pei ZhangTel: 86 10 6202 2792Fax: 86 10 6207 7929Email: [email protected]: www.ancom.cn/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/Distributor

NORLAN ENTERPRISES INC Room 952, #218 Tang Li RoadChinaContact: Helen WangTel: 86 10 8467 3721/8467 3722Fax: 86 10 8467 3770Email: [email protected]: www.norlan.cn/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/Distributor

WUXI NEW FIRETRE SAFETECH LTD Block 3, Long Shan Wen Bo Industrial ParkQian Yao Road, Hu Bin DistrictWuxi, Jiangsu Provence, PRC 214151Tel: +86 510 8225 5991Fax: +86 510 8275 4257Email: [email protected]: www.wfs.com.cnDealer/DistributorINDIA

ASKA EQUIPMENTS LTDAska House, 193 Deepali, Deepali Chowk, Outer RingRoad – Pitampura, New Delhi 110 034, IndiaContact: Navdeep GargTel: 91 11 27014416/27014417Fax: 91 11 27014413Email: [email protected]: www.askagroup.com/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/DistributorISRAEL

OFER FIRE RESCUE & SALVAGE LTDBinyamina 30500, IsraelContact: Ofer HalamishTel: 972 4 6288444Fax: 972 4 6288555Email: [email protected]: www.ofer.co.il/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/DistributorJAPAN

TEIKOKU SEN-I CO LTD5-13,2 Chome, Nihonbashi, Chuo-Ku,Tokyo 103, JapanTel: 81-3-3281-3026Fax: 81-3-3274-6397Email: [email protected]: www.teisen.co.jp/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/DistributorKOREA

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, Viera, Fl 32955, USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected]: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative OfficeMALAYSIA

CITO MARKETING, SDN BHDNo. 11, Jalan SS15/4B, Subang Jaya47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Darul EhsanContact: Ahmad Nazmi Abu RaihanTel: +603 5631 1286Fax: +603 5634 0583Email: [email protected]@citogroup.com.my/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/DistributorPHILLIPINES

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, Viera, Fl 32955 USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected]: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative OfficeSINGAPORE

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, Viera, Fl 32955 USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected]: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative OfficeSOUTH KOREA

JINUTEC INTERNATIONAL DIVISION711 Visiontop Officetel 374-4Won-Dong, Osan-City, South KoreaContact: Na Hae-YulTel: 82 31 375 8558Fax: 82 31 375 4884Email: [email protected]: www.jinutec.com/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/Distributor

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THAILAND

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, Viera, Fl 32955 USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected]: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative Office

DrägerAUSTRALIA

DRAEGER SAFETY PACIFICAxxess Corporate Park, Unit 99, 45 Gilby RoadMount Waverley, Victoria 3149Tel: +61 3 9265 5000Fax: +61 3 9265 5097Email: [email protected] Office

CHINA

BEIJING FORTUNE DRAEGER SAFETYEQUIPMENT CO LTDYu An Lu 22, B AreaBeijing Tianzhu Airport Industrial ZoneShunyi District, Beijing, 101300Tel: +86 10 8049 8000Fax: +86 10 8049 8005Email: [email protected] Office

INDIA

JOSEPH LESLIE DRAEGER MFG PVT LTDLeslico House, Prof. Agashe RoadOff 87-C, Bhavani Shankar RoadDadar (West), Mumbai 400028Tel: +91-22-2422 1880/1878/7198Fax: +91-22-2430 3705Email: [email protected] Office

INDONESIA

PT DRAEGERINDO JAYABeverly Antasari BuildingJl. Pangeran Antasari No. 67, Unit LCilandak Barat, Jakarta, Selatan 12430Tel: +6221 751 3289Fax: +6221 751 2052Email: [email protected] Office

JAPAN

DRAEGER SAFETY JAPAN LTD3-8-1 Toyo Koto-kuTokyo, Japan, Japan Zip 135-0016Tel: +81 3 44 615111Fax: +81 3 44 615100Email: [email protected] Office

KOREA

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIADaejong Bld. #1106Bang-I-dong, Songpa guSeoul, KoreaTel: +82 2 6415 8222Fax: +82 2 6415 8223Email: [email protected] Office

MALAYSIA

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTDNo. 14, Jalan PJS 11/18, Bandar Sunway 46150Petaling Jaya, MalaysiaTel: +60 3 5635 6460Fax: +60 3 5635 4171Email: [email protected] Office

NEW ZEALAND

DRAEGER SAFETY PACIFIC PTE LTDUnit O, No. 150Harris Road, East Tamaki, AucklandTel: +649 273 3160Fax: +649 273 3159Email: [email protected] Office

SINGAPORE

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD67 Ayer Rajah Crescent #06-03Singapore 139950Tel: +65 6872 9281Fax: +65 6512 1908Email: [email protected]: www.draeger.com.sgRegional Head Office

TAIWAN

DRAEGER SAFETY TAIWAN CO LTD12/F, Kuohwa Building868-5 Chungcheng Road, Chungho CityTaipei County, 235 Taiwan R.O.C.Tel: +886 (02)2223-6388Fax: +886 (02)2223-2258Email: [email protected] Office

THAILAND

DRAEGER SAFETY (THAILAND) LTD123/20, Nonsi RoadKwaeng ChongnonsiKhet Yannawa, Bangkok 10120Tel: +662 6811 781 (4 lines)Fax: +662 6811 780Email: [email protected] Office

VIETNAM

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTDNo. 5, A2 Nguyen Khanh Toan Str.Cau Giay District, Hanoi, VietnamTel: +84 4 281 3463Fax: +84 4 281 3461Email: [email protected] Office

DUPONT FIREEXTINGUISHANTSUNITED ARAB EMIRATES

FENWAL PROTECTION SYSTEMSBu Ameem Building II, Suite 201PO Box 30791, DubaiUnited Arab EmiratesContact: Tareq El-ImanTel: 971 4.337.2498Fax: 971 4.337.5088Email: [email protected]: www.fenwalfire.comDealer/Distributor

KIDDE FIRE SYSTEMSBu Ameem Building II, Suite 201PO Box 30791, DubaiUnited Arab EmiratesContact: Tareq El-ImanTel: 971 4.337.2498Fax: 971 4.337.5088Email: [email protected]: www.kiddefiresystems.comDealer/Distributor

AUSTRALIA

FIRE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES PTY LTDUnit 14, 42-44 Garden BlvdDingley, Victoria 3712AustraliaTel: +61 3 9558 0715Fax: +61 3 9558 0725Email: [email protected]: www.fire-protection.com.auDealer/Distributor

BANGLADESH

NAVANA INTERLINKS LTD7, Champaklal Udyog BhavanSion (E) Mumbai 400 022, IndiaTel: +88 02-9892911Fax: +88 02-9895252Email: [email protected]: www.navana-iv.comDealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

THE JARDINE ENGINEERINGCORPORATION LTD13/F Somerset House, Taikoo Place979 King’s Road, Hong KongTel: +852 2807 4684Fax: +852 2503 4210Email: [email protected]: www.jec.comDealer/Distributor

INDIA

NEWAGE INDUSTRIESChampaklal Ugyog BhavanUnit No. 7, Sion (East), Mumbai 100 022, IndiaTel: +91 22 2407 7421Fax: +91 22 2407 4229Email: [email protected]: www.newage-india.comDealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

KARYA LESTARI MAKMUR PTJl. Pangeran Jayakarta, 85AK, Jakarta 10730,IndonesiaTel: +62 21 628 1933Fax: +62 21 628 1976Email: [email protected]/Distributor

KOREA

PARADISE INDUSTRY CO LTD#683-116 Hannam-Dong, Yongsan-KuSeoul, South KoreaTel: +82 2 3780 8770Fax: +82 2 3780 8772Email: [email protected]: www.paradise-ind.co.krDealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FIKE ASIA PACIFIC SDN BHD18B, 2nd Floor, Jalan Astak L U8/LBukit Jelutong, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaTel: +60 3 7859 1462Fax: +60 3 7859 1461Email: [email protected]: www.fike.comRepresentative Office

SUKIADA ENGINEERING SDN BHDNo. 20 Jalan Astaka L U8/L, Bukit Jelutong40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaTel: +60 3 7845 2008Fax: +60 3 7845 6008Email: [email protected]: www.sukiada.com.myDealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

MGH ENGINEERING AND CONTROL PVT LTD H. # 20 St., #5/A Kot ShahabdinShahdrah, Lahore 54950Pakistan Tel: +92 - 42 - 7913064Fax: +92 - 42 - 7913064 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mgheng.com Dealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

FIRE SOLUTIONS INC1028 Malaya Street, MalandayMarikina City1805 PhilippinesTel: +63 2 371 9774Fax: +63 2 374 3041Email: [email protected]/Distributor

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SINGAPORE

AZCEND ASIA PTE LTDBlk 21, Kallang Avenue #04-165Singapore 339412Tel: (65) 6299 0798Fax: (65) 6299 3735Email: [email protected] Office

SRI LANKA

BUILDING SERVICES (M&E) ENGINEERINTERNATIONAL PVT LTDNo. 20/39, Fairfield GardensColombo 08, Sri LankaTel: +94 11 4717 500Fax: +94 11 2667 569Email: [email protected]/Distributor

TAIWAN

SUNMORN INC7F.-2, 76, Nan Jing W. RoadTaipei 10352, TaiwanTel: +886 2 2550 3500Fax: +886 2 2550 5350Email: [email protected]: www.sunmoreinc.comDealer/Distributor

THAILAND

ANTI-FIRE CO LTD316-316/1, Sukhumvit 22 RoadKlongtoey, Bangkok 10110, ThailandTel: +66 2 260 4565Fax: +66 2 258 2422Email: [email protected]: www.antifire.comDealer/Distributor

FIRE FIGHTINGENTERPRISESAUSTRALIA

AMPAC TECHNOLOGY PTY LTD97 Walters Drive, Perth, Australia 6017 Tel: +61 892 423 333Fax: +61 892 423 334Website: www.ampac.netDealer/Distributor

BAHRAIN

KHAYBER TRADING COMPANY W.L.L, PO Box No. 1976, Cr.No. 40189-01Manama, Bahrain Dealer/Distributor

CYPRUS

M.T. PIPERARIS TRADING LTDNafpactou 19a, Lemesos 3051, Cyprus Tel: +357 5 737311Fax: +357 5 737310Dealer/Distributor

ISRAEL

TELEFIRE FIRE & GASDetectors Ltd, PO Box 7036Petach-Tikva 49250, IsraelTel: +972 3 9211955Fax: +972 3 9211816Dealer/Distributor

IRAN

NAR KOOB IRANApt 7, 3rd Floor, No 32, Varavini St.Amir Atabak, St. Ostad Motahari Ave.Tehran – IranTel: +98 21 88842649Fax: +98 21 88307405Dealer/Distributor

KOREA

HI MAX CO LTDSicox Tower, 115-Ho 513-14Sangdaewon-Dong, Jungwon-GuSungnam-City, Kyungki Do, KoreaTel: +82 31 769 7698Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FITTERS ENG SERVS SDN BHDNo.1 Block C, Jalan Dataran, Sd1 Pju 952200 Bandar Sri, DamansaraKuala Lumpar, MalaysiaTel: +60 3 62767155Fax: +60 3 62758712Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

AMPAC INDUSTRIES LTDPO Box 100-149North Shore Mail CentreGlenfield, Auckland Tel: +64 94438072Fax: +64 94438073Dealer/Distributor

QATAR

AL SHAIBEH ESTABLISHMENTPO Box 3975, Doha, Qatar Tel: +974 4322140Fax: +974 4416650Dealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

ACCLAIM SYSTEMS PTE LTDBlk 104, Boon Keng Road, 05-01 Singapore 339775Tel: +656 2990 798Fax: +656 299 3735Dealer/Distributor

ALARM SUPPLY PTE LTD63 Jalan Pemimpin, 03-07Pemimpin Industrial BldgSingapore 577219 Tel: 00 656 258 3445Fax: 00 656 258 6428Dealer/Distributor

SRI LANKA

FIRETECH (PVT) LTD34, Walter GunasekaraMawatha, NawalaSri LankaTel: +94 1 806613Fax: +94 1 806666Dealer/Distributor

SYRIA

ESS COMPANYPO Box 35478, Damascus, SyriaDealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

HORING LIH IND CO LTD4f No 18 Lane 327Chung Shan RoadSec 2 Chung-Ho-CityTaipei Hsien, TaiwanTel: +886 2224 87599Fax: +886 2224 07752Dealer/Distributor

THAILAND

TEEYA MASTER SYSTS CO LTD100/101-102 VongvanjiBuilding B, 30th FlrRama 9 Road, HuaykhwangBangkok 10320, ThailandTel: +662 2 6451130Fax: +662 2 2488540Dealer/Distributor

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

NAFFCOPO Box 17014, Jebel Ali Free Zone AreaDubai, U.A.ETel: +971 4 881 5653Fax: +971 4 881 6229Dealer/Distributor

TELECTRONPO Box 2946, Al Salam StreetBldg. No.5, Abu Dhabi, U.A.ETel: +971 26795333Fax: +971 26794609Dealer/Distributor

HOLMATRO RESCUEEQUIPMENTAUSTRALIA

CHUBB FIRE SAFETY LTD120, Silverwater Road, Silverwater, NSW 2128Locked Bag 102, Silverwater 1811Contact: Andrew LoftusTel: 1300 369 309Fax: 02 8748 7450Email: [email protected]: www.chubb.com.auDealer/Distributor

BRUNEI

IECS SDN BHD13A Simpang 544-22. Jalan JerudongB.S.B. Brunei DarussalamContact: Roger Sim Tel: +673 2 612 717Fax: +673 2 612 720Email: [email protected]/Distributor

CHINA

HOLMATRO CHINAUNIT 14/D – 9 JOY TOWER9 Zhen Ning Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China Contact: Floris EversTel: +86 21 5238 7330Fax: +86 21 5238 7320Email: [email protected]: www.holmatro-china.comRepresentative Office

HONG KONG

ABLESLINK CO LTDUnit B4, 2/F., Block BSheung Shui Plaza, 3 Ka Fu CloseSheung Shui, N.T., Hong KongContact: Mr Randy HauTel: +852-2466 4568Fax: +852-2466 4569Email: [email protected]/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT ESA KARYA MANDIRIJL.SUNTER PARADISETimur Raya, F21 No.C42, Jakarta 14350Contact: Mr Benny N LiemTel: 062-21-6412936/65303502Fax: 062-21-6412937Email: [email protected]/Distributor

JAPAN

AKAO & CO LTD4-13-1 Shinmachi Nishi-ku, Osaka, Japan 550-0013Contact: Masaya SagaTel: +81-6-6532-6256Fax: +81-6-6532-3095Email: [email protected]: www.akao-co-co.jpDealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

KEO WHA HITEC CO LTDRm-1Fl, Jiwoo Bldg, 376-12Seogyo-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, KoreaContact: Mr Kenneth ZyungTel: 82-(02)-336-0145-7Fax: 82-(02)-336-0180Email: [email protected]: www.kh-hitec.comDealer/Distributor

MACAU SAR

TCT TRI-CONTINENTAL TRADINGCOMPANY LTD4/F-“E”, Dynasty Plaza Bldg., 411-417Ald. Dr. Carlos D’Assumpcao Macau S.A.R.Contact: John FerreiraTel: +853 2875-0008Fax: +853 2875-0007Email: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]: www.tct.com.moDealer/Distributor

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MALAYSIA

PANDAN NIAGA SDN BHDNo. 81AJalan Tabla 33/21 Shah Alam Technology Park Seksyen 33340400 Shah AlamSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysiaContact: Mohd Rashdi Abd RahmanTel: +603 5122 1310Fax: +603 5122 1279Email: [email protected]/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

CHUBB FIRE & SAFETY3 Fisher CrescentMt WellingtonAucklandContact: Steve KirkTel: +64 9 270 7441Fax: +64 9 270 7235Email: [email protected]: www.chubb.co.nzDealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

WALLGREEN INDUSTRIAL VENTURESCORP62 West AvenueQuezon CityPhilippines 1104Contact: Francisco C DizonTel: +6 32 411 0818Mobile: +6 32 0917 820 1947Fax: +6 32 411 0818Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SINGAPORE

FABRISTEEL PRIVATE LIMITED9, Tuas Ave 10Singapore 639133Contact: Adros Sunan/Spencer OngTel: +65 68623830Fax: +65 68615988Email: [email protected]/Distributor

TAIWAN

PARKSON TRADING CO LTDNo. 50, 3FHua-Ning RdGuo Shan Dist.80471 Kaohsiung CityTaiwan, R.O.C.Contact: Mr Johnson PengTel: +886-7-552-1650Fax: +886-7-552-7999Email: [email protected]/Distributor

PAC FIRE AUSTRALIA(formerly PacificHelmets Australia)AUSTRALIA

PAC FIRE AUSTRALIA (formerly PacificHelmets Australia)Unit 128 Burnside RoadHallmarc Business ParkYatala Qld 4207Australia Tel: +61 7 3441 7100Fax: +61 7 3441 7177Email: [email protected]: www.pacfire.com.auRepresentative Office

AUSTRALIA

ADA (AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE APPARELPTD LTD)14 Gaffney StreetCoburg, Victoria 3058Contact: Rob Walsh, Sales & Marketing ManagerEmergency ServicesTel: +61 3 9353 4552Email: [email protected]: www.ada.com.auGarment Maker

BRUCKUnits 12/1379-83 High StreetKEW Victoria 3101AustraliaContact: Michael SmithTel: +61 4 0324 7309Email: [email protected] PBI Weaver

LION APPAREL – ASIA PACIFICAsia Pacific – Protective Systems GroupUnit 315 Dunstan RoadWingfieldSouth Australia5013 AustraliaContact: Warren Hoare, Regional Managing DirectorTel: +61 8 8139 7777Email: [email protected] Maker

PAC FIREUnit 1, 28 Burnside RoadHallmarc Business ParkYatala Qld 4207AustraliaContact: Keith Ward, Managing DirectorTel: +61 7 3441 7100 Email: [email protected] Maker

STEWART & HEATON150 Francisco StreetBelmont WA 6104 AustraliaContact: Brian Thomson, Business DevelopmentManagerTel: +61 8 9277 5555Email: [email protected] Maker

CHINA

YINGTELAI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD76 Xihuan Road, ChangPing DistrictBejing 102200, ChinaContact: Xue Feng LIU, Vice Chairman GeneralManagerTel: +86 10 6974 2811Email: [email protected] Maker

HONG KONG

WAH TAI ENTERPRISES LTD7/F Block FGolden Bear Industrial Centre66-82 Chai Wan KOK StreetTsuen Wan N.T. Hong KongHong Kong SARContact: Johnny Ho, President, Special ProductsDivisionTel: +852 2771 6360 Email: [email protected]

KOREA

SEOJIN TEXRoom 201 Kum Ho Building, Soongin-DongJongro-gu Seoul, 110550Korea (Republic of)Contact: C. J. Yoon, DirectorTel: +82 22 253-7905 Email: [email protected]

KOREA

SAN CHEONG COMPANY LTD185 Songmoon-Ri-MyunCheoin-Gu, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-Do 449-823Korea (Republic of )Contact: Soo Youk LeeTel: +82 31 321 4077 Email: [email protected]: www.sancheong.comGarment Maker

SECURITONASIA PACIFIC

SECURITON (M) SDN BHDNo. 19A, Lorong Rahim Kajai 13Taman Tun Dr. Ismail, MY-60000 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaContact: Mr Lewis ChongTel: +60 3 7725 1699Fax: +60 3 7725 1677Email: [email protected]: www.securiton.comRepresentative Office

AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIAN FIRE ENTERPRISES (AFE)PO Box 7027, Mannering ParkNSW 2259, AustraliaContact: Mr Mike Donegan/Mr Brett GordanTel: +61 2 43 592 244Fax: +61 2 43 593 301Email: [email protected]/ [email protected]/Distributor

NATIONAL SECURITY & SURVEILLANCE38 Lambert Street RichmondVictoria 3121, AustraliaContact: Mr Dominic ParuitTel: +61 3 9428 8055Fax: +61 3 9428 8065Email: [email protected]: www.natss.com.auDealer/Distributor

CHINA, BEIJING

SECURITONG FIRE TECHNOLOGYLIMITED COMPANYRoom 2101, Block 1, No. 58East 3rd Ring South RoadChaoyang Area, Beijing, ChinaContact: Mr Gong XinjunTel: +86 10 5867 2076Fax: +86 10 5867 3319Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SWISS SECURITAS FIRE AND SECURITYSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO LTDRoom 1808-1118th Floor Shouchuang MansionNo.6 North Street, Chaoyangmen Dongcheng AreaBeijing 100027, P.R.ChinaContact: Mr Lewis Chong/Mr Todd ZengTel: +86 10 6406 0558Fax: +86 10 6406 6934Email: [email protected]: www.securiton.cnDealer/Distributor

BEIJING Z-N MECHANICAL &ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CO LTD1 #B910,Lingdi OfficeNo.13 Beiyuan LuChaoyang District BeijingChina 100012Contact: Ms Sarah ZhangTel: +86 10 5207 3836Fax: +86 10 5207 3839Email: [email protected]/[email protected]/Distributor

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 69

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CHINA, SHANGHAI

BARTEC ELECTRIC (SHANGHAI) CO LTDNew Building 7, No. 188, Xinjun Ring Road, ShanghaiCaohejing Pujiang Hi-Tech Park (Pudong Area)Minhang District 201114 Shanghai P.R. ChinaContact: Mr Banson TangTel: +86 21 3463 7288 ext: 251Fax: +86 21 3463 7282Email: [email protected]: www.bartec.com.cnDealer/Distributor

DEF CHINA2nd Floor Building 135.No.1421 East Zhuanxing Road, Minhang AreaShanghai 201108Contact: Mr François YangTel: +86 21 3350 7133- +86 21 3350 8012Fax: +86 21 3350 7285Email: [email protected]: www.def-online.comDealer/Distributor

SWISS SECURITAS (BEIJING) CO LTDSHANGHAI COMPANYRoom A, 23rd Floor Shimei MansionNo. 445 Jiangning RoadJing’an AreaShanghai 200041, P.R.ChinaContact: Mr Lewis Chong/Mr Todd ZengTel: +86 21 5228 8111Fax: +86 21 5228 8325Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SHANGHAI ZHENYE INDUSTRY CO LTDNo, 3 221Cao Bao LShanghai, 200233Contact: Mr Jack ShenTel: +86 21 6451 2922/2933Fax: +86 21 6451 9955Email: [email protected]: www.shzhenye.comDealer/Distributor

CHINA, SHENZHEN

FANWO GROUP18F, China Economic and Trade BuildingZizhuqidao,Futian District, Shenzhen,China 518040Contact: Dr Yao Tel: +86 755 83222 076/+86 755 83222 872Fax: +86 755 83222 311Email: [email protected]: www.china-hrd.comDealer/Distributor

SHENZHEN YAOHUAJI CHINA CO LTDRM.F, 20th Floor Yong – Hui BuildingGuo-Qi BuildingShenzhenContact: Mr Raymond Ng/Ms ShiTel: +86 755 8212 9831Fax: +86 755 8212 9909Email: [email protected]: www.ywk.com.hkDealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

YIU WAH (KOGARAH) CO LTDRoom 901, 9th FloorNo 113 Argyle StreetMongkokKowloonHong KongContact: Mr Raymond NgTel: +852 2781 1384Fax: +852 2782 6652Email: [email protected]: www.ywk.com.hkDealer/Distributor

INDIA, MUMBAI

BAJAJ ELECTRICALS LTD15/17, Sant Savta MargReay RoadMumbai – 400010Contact: Mr Ravichandran Sr. (General Manager)Tel: +91 22 2372 4192Fax: +91 22 2373 0504Email: [email protected]: www.bajajelectricals.comDealer/Distributor

VIMAL FIRE CONTROLS PVT LTD19/20 Vardhaman ServiceIndustrial Estate, L.B.S. Marg.IN-400083 Vikhroii (West) Mumbai, IndiaContact: Mr Vijay Doshi/Mr Nalin DoshiTel: +91 22 2578 3335Fax: +91 22 2578 3338Email: [email protected]/[email protected]: www.vimalfire.comDealer/Distributor

HSE ENGINEERS PVT LTD2, Durgas Niwas, 1st FloorBhawani Tower CompoundBehind Bhawani Petrol PumpIIT Powai, Mumbai 400076, IndiaContact: Mrs Sapna PrajapatiTel: +91 22 2578 7014 / 7015Fax: +91 22 2578 7016Email: [email protected]: www.hseengineers.comDealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

ROYAL INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGYCORPORATIONRoyal Building, 3rd Floor840-5 Yeoksam-DongKangnam-Ku, Seoul 135080, KoreaContact: Mr E S Kim/Mr J K ChungTel: +82 22 009 1800Fax: +82 2 567 8831Email: [email protected]/[email protected]: www.ritco.co.krDealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FITTERS DIVERSIFIED BERHADNo, 1 Jalan Tembaga SD5/2, Sri Damansara52200 Kuala LumpurContact: Dato’ Richard Wong/Mr K K FongTel: +60 3 6276 7155Fax: +60 3 6175 2780Email: [email protected]: www.fittersgroup.comDealer/Distributor

SYARIKAT LETRIK CHEN GUAN SDNBHDLot 1178 Jalan Subang 3, Taman Industri Sg.Penaga, 47610 Subang Jaya, Selangor, MalaysiaContact: Mr Choong Yew LimTel: +603 5634 1436Fax: +603 5634 2349Email: [email protected]/Distributor

PAKISTAN

EVERGREEN DEVELOPMENTCORPORATIONSuite # 514, 5th FloorClifton CentreBlock 5 Kehkashan, CliftonKarachi 75600, PakistanContact: Mr Munawar AfridiTel: +92 21 5873 448Fax: +92 21 5870 080Email: [email protected]: www.edcpl.comDealer/Distributor

SINGAPORE

ACCLAIM SYSTEMS PTE LTDBlk 21 Kallang Ave # 04-165Singapore 339412Contact: Mr Michael MokTel: +65 6299 0798Fax: +65 6299 3735Email: [email protected]: www.acclaim.sgDealer/Distributor

SWISS SECURITAS ASIA PTE LTDNo. 56 Serangoon North Ave 4#06-03, Singapore 555851SingaporeContact: Mr Andy Gan/Mr Michael Boon Tel: +65 6853 8066Fax: +65 6853 5939Email: [email protected]: www.securitas.sgDealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

ATLAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION22F, No 1 Bausheng RoadYunghe City, TaipeiTaiwan 234, R.O.C.Contact: Mr David LiuTel: +886 2 223 20 556Fax: +886 2 223 16 657Email: [email protected]/[email protected]: www.atlasgroup.com.twDealer/Distributor

KGIC TECHNOLOGY CO LTDNo 36, Yingming 1st RoadQianzhen DistrictKaohsiung City 80649Taiwan R.O.C.Contact: Mr Franco LeeTel: +886 7 715 4285/+886 7 7715 829Fax: +886 7 711 2811Email: [email protected]/Distributor

UNIVERSAL PATHS DEVELOPMENTCORPORATION (UPDC)9F-1, 306, Sec. 1, NeiHu RoadTaipei 114, Taiwan R.O.C.Contact: Mr Terry Chung/Ms Ellie ChouTel: +886 2 8751 6055Fax: +886 2 8751 6053Email: [email protected]: www.updc.com.twDealer/Distributor

THAILAND

AEGIS FIRE SAFETY CO. LTD19/9 Pechphirun Building 3rd FloorThetsabansongkhro Road LadyaoChatujak, Bangkok 10900Contact: Mr Quek Yong SiahTel: +66 2158 0338Fax: +66 2158 0340Email: [email protected]/Distributor

FIRETRADE ENGINEERING CO LTDContact: Mr Taksin Tantipijit21/56 Soi Soonvijai, Rama IX Road Bangkapi, HuaykwangBangkok 10320 ThailandContact: Mr Taksin TantipijitTel: +66 2641 4707Fax: +66 2203 0533Email: [email protected]/Distributor

AUSTRALIA

FIRE & RESCUE AUSTRALIA PTY LTD190 Main Rd, BlackwoodSouth Australia, 5051Contact: Dale ThompsonTel: +61 8 8370 2739Fax: +61 8 8370 2738Email: [email protected]/Distributor

FIRE & SAFETY WA96 Furniss Rd, LandsdaleWestern Australia, 6065Contact: Kerry LovettTel: +61 8 9302 3210Fax: +61 8 9302 6110Email: [email protected]/Distributor

70 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

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SOLBERG ASIA PACIFIC PTY LTD PO Box 182, Kingswood NSW 2747Australia Contact: Ted Schaefer (Technical Manager)Tel: 61 2 9673 5300Email: [email protected] Website: www.solbergfoams.com Representative Office

MALAYSIA

RHINOSHIELD INDUSTRIES(M) SDN BHD H-0-5 Ground Floor Plaza DamasNo. 60 Jalan Sri Hartamas 1Sri Hartamas50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Contact: C K Lim (General Manager)Tel: +603 62033850Fax: +603 62032245 Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SINGAPORE

CMA ENGINEERING SINGAPORE PTE LTD1, Yishun St. 23, #04-01 YS-OneSingapore 768441Contact: Christopher LeeTel: +65 6563 6860Fax: +65 6563 2366Email: [email protected]/Distributor

AUSTRALIA

GAAM EMERGENCY PRODUCTS29 Temple Dr., PO Box 211ThomastownVictoria 3074AustraliaTel: +61 3 9466 1244Fax: +61 3 9466 4743Email: [email protected]: www.gaam.com.auDealer/Distributor

CHINA

SHANGHAI JINDE INDUSTRYDEVELOPMENT CO LTDRoom 610, 1 Lane 50Xin Cun RoadShanghai, 200065, ChinaTel: +86 21-360-50599Fax: +86 21-360-55599Email: [email protected]/Distributor

HONG KONG

ROTTER INTERNATIONAL LTDUnit A G/F., Hung To Road6-8 Hung To RoadKowloon, Hong KongTel: 85227517770Fax: 85227562051Email: [email protected]/Distributor

INDIA

FOREMOST TECHNICO PVT LTDM-1, Green Park ExtensionNew Delhi 110016, IndiaTel: +91 (11) 2619 6982Fax: +91 (11) 2616 6961Email: [email protected]: www.foremost-india.comDealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT PALMAS ENTRACOJl. Krekot 85, Jakarta-Pusat, IndonesiaTel: +62 (21) 384 1681Fax: +62 (21) 380 2660Email: [email protected]/Distributor

JAPAN

YONE CORPORATION23, Nishinakaai-Cho, NishinokyoNakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, JapanTel: +81 (7) 582-11185Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263Email: [email protected]: www.yone-co.co.jpDealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

SHILLA FIRE CO LTD433-11 Non Hon-Dong, Nam Dong-GuInchon City 405-300, South KoreaTel: +82-02-3665 9011Fax: +82-02-3663 9113Email: [email protected]: www.firekorea.comDealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

SENTRIX TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD No. 2A-2, 1st Floor Jalan USJ 21/7UEP Subang Jaya, 47630 Subang JayaSelangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Tel: +603 8023-5228Fax: +603 8023-5618 Email: [email protected]: www.sentrix.comDealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

TYCO SAFETY PRODUCTS 6 Portage Road New Lynn Auckland 0600, New Zealand Tel: +64 9 826 1707 Fax: +64 9 826 1740 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tycosafetyproducts.com Dealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

FIRESTOP PVT LIMITED6/B, 1st Floor, Dinar ChambersPO Box # 5786West Wharf RoadKarachi-74000Pakistan Tel: 9221-2315675, 2313065Fax: 9221-2310457, 5831015 Email: [email protected] Website: www.firestopaids.comDealer/Distributor

PHILIPPINES

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALESUnit 4, Finlandia Town Homes#1700 Dian, cor. Finlandia StreetBrgy, San Isidro, 1234 Makati City, Philippines Tel: +63 21 7546 1749Fax: +63 2 887 7173 Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SINGAPORE

S.K. ROSENBAUER PTE LTD8 Tuas Drive 2Singapore 638643, SingaporeTel: +65 6862 3155Fax: +65 6862 0273Email: [email protected]: www.skrosenbauer.comDealer/Distributor

TAIWAN

YONE CORPORATION23, Nishinakaai-Cho, NishinokyoNakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, JapanTel: +81 (7) 582-11185Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263Email: [email protected]: www.yone-co.co.jpDealer/Distributor

THAILAND

ANTI-FIRE, CO LTD316-316/1, Sukhumvit 22 RoadKlongtoey KlongtoeyBangkok 10110, ThailandTel: +66 2259 6898Fax: +66 2258 2422Email: [email protected]: www.antifire.comDealer/Distributor

THE S.E.A. GROUPAUSTRALIA

SAFETY EQUIPMENT AUSTRALIA PTY

LTD35/1 Jubilee AvenueWarriewood, NSW 2102 AustraliaTel: +61 2 9910 7500Fax: +61 2 9979 5364Email: [email protected]: www.sea.com.auRepresentative Office

SINGAPORE

TYCO FIRE SUPPRESSION & BUILDINGPRODUCTS2 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #07-01 Fu Yu BuildingSingapore 554911, Singapore Tel: (+65) 6577 4360Fax: (+65) 6481 8791 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tycofsbp.comRepresentative Office

ANSUL 2 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #07-01 Fu Yu BuildingSingapore 554911, Singapore Tel: (+65) 6577 4360Fax: (+65) 6481 8791 Email: [email protected]: www.ansul.comRepresentative Office

HYGOOD 2 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #07-01 Fu Yu BuildingSingapore 554911, Singapore Tel: (+65) 6577 4360Fax: (+65) 6481 8791 Email: [email protected]: www.hygood.co.ukRepresentative Office

PYRO-CHEM 2 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #07-01 Fu Yu BuildingSingapore 554911, Singapore Tel: (+65) 6577 4360Fax: (+65) 6481 8791 Email: [email protected]: www.pyrochem.comRepresentative Office

SKUM 2 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #07-01 Fu Yu BuildingSingapore 554911, Singapore Tel: (+65) 6577 4360Fax: (+65) 6481 8791 Email: [email protected]: www.skum.comRepresentative Office

SABO FOAM 2 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #07-01 Fu Yu BuildingSingapore 554911, Singapore Tel: (+65) 6577 4360Fax: (+65) 6481 8791 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sabofoam.comRepresentative Office

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 71

DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

Dealer/Distrib June 2010 14/6/10 3:33 pm Page 71

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72 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

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Bauer Compressors Asia Pte Ltd 61

Bio-Ex 21

Blücher GmbH 56

Bristol Uniforms Ltd. 21

Coltri Asia Pacific 63

Chemguard, Inc. 51

Con-Space Communications 19

Control Logic s.r.l. 58

Cutters Edge 16

Dafo Fomtec AB 33

Dräger Safety Asia Pte Ltd. OBC

Dr. Sthamer Hamburg 31

DuPont Fire Extinguishants 24

Elkhart Brass Mfg Co Inc 28

Fike Corporation 38

Fire Fighting Enterprises 27

Firetrace International 43

Gielle s.r.l. 55

Holmatro Rescue Equipment 19

Iveco Magirus Fire Fighting GmbH 52

Janus Fire Systems 27

NFPA 04

PAC Fire Australia 47

PBI Performance Products, Inc. IBC

Plastika Akrapovic 44

Securiton AG 41

Simulation Ltd 57

Solberg Asia Pacific Pty. Ltd. 30

Super Vacuum Manufacturing Inc. 23

Task Force Tips, Inc. IFC

Texas A & M Emergency Services Training Institute 22

The S.E.A. Group 34

Tyco Fire Suppression & Building Products – Asia Pacific – Ansul 08

Unifire, Inc. 15

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Page 75: APF Issue 34

PBI Matrix®. . . The Power Grid.

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PBI Performance Products, Inc. // 9800 Southern Pine Blvd Suite D // Charlotte, NC 28273 // 704-554-3815 // [email protected]

Better performance, better comfort and better value in outer shell protection. PBI Matrix® takes PBI’s proven protective characteristics of unmatched fl ame and thermal protection to another level by reinforcing them with a unique grid of high strength aramid fi lament fi ber — for unsurpassed performance and durability. Tough and rugged, PBI Matrix responds call after call and remains service worthy by providing increased resistance to rips, tears and abrasions. This revolutionary outer shell is lightweight, fast drying, and offers superior comfort and reliability. More than just premium protection, it’s a valuable asset in your fi re fi ghting arsenal. PBI Matrix…the switch is on.

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