APF Issue 09

APF ON-LINE

www.apfmag.com

An MDM PUBLICATIONIssue 9 – March 2004

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE

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3 NFPA Foreword

5-9 The Basic Uses of a ThermalImager

11-15 Very Early Warning SmokeDetection: Why and How it’s Applied toMission Critical Facilities

16-18 What Personal ProtectiveEquipment?

21 Companies Join Forces toExpedite ANSULITE® Foamafter Japan EarthquakeProduct Profile

22 Emergency Preparedness –Fact or Fiction?

25-26 High Rise RescueOperations

28-29 China Fire 2004 Preview

31-35 Rescue Cutters Showcase

37-40 Sour Gas: The DeadlyOilfield Threat

43-45 Environmental Issues forDecontamination

46 Hale Product Profile

49-50 Flexible Solutions toEmergency Water Supplies

52-53 Master Steam NozzlesMarket Guide

54-55 Product Update

56 Advertisers’ Index

ASIA PACIFIC FIREwww.apfmag.com

1

Front cover picture: A firefighter removeshis helmet as he faces fires on the outskirtsof northern Sydney.Copyright © Jason Reed/Reuters

PublishersMark Seton & David Staddon

Editorial ContributorsJonathan Bastian, Eddie Tieppo, Nick Lacey, Mike Sorensen, John Ng, Robert Henderson, John Jones, Mike Willson

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APF ON-LINE

www.apfmag.com

An MDM PUBLICATION

Issue 9 – March 2004



March 2004 Issue 9

Contents

APF p. 1-15 17/11/06 11:39 am Page 1

Advert/p2 9/11/06 11:19 am Page 1

Compliance with CodesSome recent events have focused my mind on the issue of Code compliance. Unfortu-nately there have been two recent events which involved the deaths of Firefighters andothers which have implications regarding Code compliance. The events were the suddenstructural collapse of buildings involved in fire. One occurred in China and killed twentyFirefighters and the other was in Egypt and killed at least twelve Firefighters andPolice. Whilst I am not in a position to make any comment on the specific events, as Iam not privy to the circumstances: it does raise the issue of Code compliance.

For those not directly involved in the creation and use of Codes and Standards itmay seem an uninteresting and complex issue but for developing countries it is a cru-cial issue as infrastructure and new construction increases dramatically. The legacy thatwill be left for future generations to deal with in emergencies will depend on the Codeschosen and whether there are assurances regarding compliance and maintenance.

The first issue is which Codes to use. The Codes chosen must be current, allow use ofnew technology and be updated on a regular basis. They should also be created in anenvironment which does not allow dominance by any special interest group. Not sur-prisingly I would recommend NFPA Codes for this purpose.

The next issue is for those providing approvals to understand the Codes fully.There is a need to ensure compliance at time of construction. Compliance cannot be

achieved on the basis of total trust of the builder but should include inspections atleast on a random basis.

Finally there is the need for Inspection and Maintenance on the intervals called for inCodes.

Without Code compliance we will see the number of tragedies involving loss of lifeof the public and Emergency Services increase dramatically.

I wish I was wrong, but I know I am not.

Jeff GodfredsonNFPA’s Asia-Pacific Operations Director


3

FOREWORDby Jeff GodfredsonNFPA’s Asia-Pacific Operations Director

APF p. 1-15 9/11/06 11:20 am Page 3

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THE TECHNOLOGY

Current fire service TIs use old militarytechnology. This technology detectsinfrared energy and converts it into avisible image on a display. Modern mili-taries use infrared (IR) detectors to per-mit their forces to see and targetopposing forces, regardless of the bat-tlefield’s light and smoke conditions.The properties that made IR detectionvaluable to the military also make itvaluable to fire services.

IR is a portion of the electromagneticspectrum, which ranges from gammarays and x-rays, through visible light,past infrared and microwaves to radiowaves. The energy’s wavelength deter-mines placement within the spectrum.As the wavelengths vary, so do theproperties of the different types of

energy. IR is a portion of the electro-magnetic spectrum that humans nor-mally perceive as heat.

Visible light has a relatively smallwavelength. This wavelength is suscep-tible to interference from small air-

borne particles, such as the carbon insmoke or the water in fog. IR has alonger wavelength than visible light.The longer wavelength is not easilyreflected by small particles; therefore IR essentially “weaves” through theparticles to reach the detector (the IRreceiver, also called a focal plane arrayor FPA).

Another way to understand the dif-ference between infrared energy andvisible light is to compare the TI andthe human eye. The FPA and the eyeare both receivers. They receive energy(IR or visible light) and convert it intoan image our brains can interpret. The


5

TI Comm type 3 fire

The BasicUses of a

ThermalImager

Visible light has a relatively smallwavelength. This wavelength issusceptible to interference fromsmall airborne particles, such as thecarbon in smoke or the water infog. IR has a longer wavelengththan visible light.

THERMAL IMAGING is one of the newest technologies to enter the fire service.The rapid acceptance of thermal imagers by the fire service alludes to theimportance of these new tools. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (agovernment agency in the USA) recently estimated that only one-fourth of allUS fire departments have a thermal imager (TI). Anecdotal evidence indicatesthe ratio may be even lower internationally. This article is written for those whoare relatively unfamiliar with thermal imaging, and briefly explains how thetechnology works, as well as how it can be used effectively at emergencies.

The BasicUses of a

ThermalImagerBy Jonathan Bastian, Bullard Thermal

Imaging Training Manager

APF p. 1-15 9/11/06 11:21 am Page 5

FPA receives wavelengths of heat energycalled “infrared” while the eye receiveswavelengths of energy called “visiblelight.”

FIRE!

Structure fires are the most commonand most understood application forthermal imaging. A firefighter can usethe TI during incident size up. Whilesizing up the building, Engine 5 evalu-ates the image from Photo 1. Thisimage clearly shows that high heat hastaken the entire right portion of thebuilding. Very high heat near the roofis evident as well, and because this typeof building uses steel truss supports,the roof is a safety concern. Engine 5now knows that the fire is well involvedand already attacking the roof sup-ports. If there are no victims inside, thefirefighters can choose to operate moresafely from the outside.

Firefighters can also use TIs duringfire attack. By using a TI while advanc-ing its line, a hose team can find it’sthe seat of the fire quickly and safely.Because the team can see walls andfurniture with the TI, it can movequicker and safer through complicatedbuildings. In heavy smoke conditions,the TI might even help identify whichroom or apartment is actually on fire.Firefighters will locate stairs and lad-ders faster as well.

Ventilation is another aspect of thestructure fire where TIs can assist fire-fighters in doing their jobs more effec-tively. With the TI on the roof,firefighters can look for the highestheat source to ensure they place anyventilation holes as close as possible.Perhaps more importantly, the TI mayhelp identify compromised roofingbefore a company is committed to theroof. Holes or gaps hidden by smoke ordarkness could be evident on thedisplay.

The most common thermal imaginguse is search and rescue. Several studieshave shown that TIs improve searchspeeds by up to seventy-five percentand can more than double search suc-cess rates. For thermal imagers to beeffective in search and rescue effortsthe TIs must arrive early in the incidentand they must come off the apparatuswith the firefighters.

Many departments successfully use


6

The Basic Uses of a ThermalImager


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their TIs in overhaul. By using the TI to identify hot spots,firefighters can focus their overhaul efforts and limit collater-al damage. Focused efforts reduce firefighter fatigue as wellas reduce on-scene time. For firefighters to gain the most useout of their TIs, they must know how to use them in areasthat exhibit “thermal saturation,” which occurs when every-thing in the viewed area is very warm (such as a room afterthe fire is extinguished). The TI will then display everything invarying shades of light gray and white because everything inthe scene is warm or hot. In this situation, firefighters needto properly use the other features of their TIs (such as ther-mal throttles, EI modes or pyrometers) to identify the hottestspots.

SAFETY!

A key aspect of thermal imaging use is firefighter safety. A TImay confirm that a building has truss-roof construction or itmay show damaged or missing trusses. Holes in floors andpartial collapse, normally hidden by smoke or fire, may be


7

bst after thermal layer falls

The most common thermalimaging use is search andrescue. Several studies haveshown that TIs improvesearch speeds by up toseventy-five percent and canmore than double searchsuccess rates.

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visible to a firefighter with a TI. Withproper training, firefighters can evenidentify the thermal layer and possiblyrecognize pre-flashover conditions. Dif-ferent IR detectors will “see” the super-heated gasses of the thermal layerdifferently, but firefighters can train torecognize them. Photos 2a and 2bdemonstrate how TIs can show super-heated gasses, as well as how quicklyconditions can change even if firefight-ers are equipped and experienced withTIs.

These images also demonstrate howfirefighters can get overconfident withTIs. By standing, these firefighters areviolating a basic rule of firefighting.The intense heat from a diesel-fueledfire not only forces them to the floor,but it drives the firefighters from thearea in less than one minute. Firefight-ers must always remember that TIs donot eliminate the need to follow basicfirefighting safety practices.

CREATIVITY!

Many fires are outdoors, and many firedepartments have successfully used TIsfor wildland (bush) firefighting. The TIcan help officers’ track personnel andvehicles, guiding them through smokeor helping them avoid unseen hazards.Used in a helicopter, a TI can helpdetermine the exact fire line and moni-tor any hot spots. Because IR does notpenetrate glass, firefighters using ahandheld TI from a vehicle or aircraftmust operate it safely through anopening.

Thermal imagers have also assistedduring hazardous materials incidents.The imager can help track productleaks, identify leaking containers andeven determine product levels in sealedcontainers. Any hazardous material sit-uation that involves temperaturechanges and product separation can bean excellent opportunity to use a TI.Firefighters should be cautious inexplosive environments, however, sincethere is no thermal imager that isintrinsically safe. Photo 3 demonstrateshow a TI can indicate product levels

under the correct conditions.Thermal imagers can also assist with

emergency medical incidents. One easyapplication is looking for amputatedfingers. Fingers amputated in a factoryshould have a different temperaturethan the factory floor, and thereforeshould be visible on the TI. At motorvehicle accidents, the TI can help findpassengers who were thrown from thevehicle by the collision. Creative fire-fighters have even used thermalimagers to look for heat signatures incar seats to see if they were recentlyoccupied. Just as the technology canhelp departments locate patients at anaccident, it can also help them find alost child in a forest or an elderly per-son who wandered away from anursing home.

Training is another use for thermalimaging. TIs help firefighters monitorinterior conditions and participantsafety during live-fire evolutions. Safetyofficers can identify firefighters at riskof high-heat exposure before theirturnout gear is damaged or before theyare injured by heat or steam. Sincemost TIs are available with a wirelesstransmitter, training officers can con-nect the receiver to a television andvideo recorder and remotely monitorand record the thermal images. Theycan review the recording later for addi-


8

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APF p. 1-15 9/11/06 11:22 am Page 8

tional learning opportunities.

CONCLUSION

Thermal imagers restore the ability tosee in thick smoke or at night, withcapabilities limited only by the creativ-ity of the firefighter. TIs regularlydemonstrate their value as critical fire-

fighting tools for fire departmentsaround the world. When properly used,

TIs offer tremendous advantages tofirefighters at a variety of emergencies,including fires, searches for victims andoutside operations. Once firefightersunderstand the value of thermal imag-ing, they can request these essential


9

bst before thermal layer falls

Jonathan Bastian is the ThermalImaging Training Manager atBullard. He leads the training team,whose primary focus is to educatethe fire service on the safe andproper use of thermal imagers.Bastian is certified as a thermalimaging instructor by the LawEnforcement Thermographers’Association (LETA), the inter-national public safety organizationspecializing in thermal imager cer-tification and training. He is also amember of the NFPA TechnicalCommittee on Fire Service Training.Educated at Brown University andlicensed as a high school teacher inIllinois, Bastian served 12 years onthe North Park Fire Department (IL),including the last three as a captain.As Health and Safety Officer, he ledthe development and implementa-tion of the Department’s RapidIntervention Team SOG. Bastian is a certified Fire Instructor I andFirefighter III, and he spent 12 yearsas an EMT-I/D. He has taughtclasses on thermal imaging, rapidintervention teams and search andrescue operations.

The SOLOvision is a fully operational thermal imaging camera with Virtual Reality Viewing Optics. The light weight and unique ergonomic design enables “hands free” operation.

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Advert/p10 9/11/06 11:23 am Page 1

● 72% of mission-critical applicationsexperience nine hours of downtime peryear2

● 90% of businesses go bankrupt withintwo years of a significant failure1

● The average cost per hour of downtimefor a financial brokerage house is esti-mated at US$6.5M3

Of the companies that experience a dis-aster but have no tested business recoveryplans in place, only one in ten are still inbusiness two years later.

Mission Continuity is assured for facil-ities through the use of redundant powersupplies, redundant mechanical systemsand state of the art Fire Protection sys-tems. This paper discusses the SmokeDetection system and its role in fire pre-vention and smoke contamination withina Mission Critical Facility.

THE FIRE RISK WITHIN TODAY’S DATA CENTERToday’s computing technology is becom-ing smaller and therefore requires lessspace, but the heat being dissipated by thedigital hardware is also increasing. The

result is that the heat density on the chipand in the cabinet is growing at anunprecedented rate. By illustration:

● The average Intel 486 CPU consumesabout 10W, the latest Pentium 4 con-sumes 100W.

● With the processing density and powerconsumption of blade servers it is notuncommon for standard 47U cabinetsto consume in excess of 21kWhr . . .that’s a lot of heat!!

The result of this high heat loadrequires significant cooling via the Com-puter Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) sys-tem to remove the heat generated withinequipment cabinets. Failure to cool thisequipment will result in equipment overheating and provide the potential for afire.

Mechanical cooling and airflow move-ment is an essential parameter within theFire Detection design and is discussedfurther in this paper.

THE DETECTION STRATEGYWithin a Data Center the type of smokegenerated and the dynamics of the air-flowcreates a challenge for the Fire Engineer

to design an effective Fire DetectionSystem. It is the detection of smoke that isthe most critical part of the FireProtection System. Detection Systemsserve the basic function of alerting occu-pants within the building of a fire and isused to activate other systems such asmechanical exhaust and Fire SuppressionSystems.

The traditional smoke detectors knownas Early Warning Smoke Detectors (EWSD)or conventional spot type detectors are of ionisation or photoelectric type. Ionisa-tion type detectors were designed todetect very small particles such as the type produced by flammable liquids.Photoelectrical detectors detect largerparticles such as those produced by non-natural materials like PVC. Given thisfact photoelectrical detectors are moresuitable to detect the fire type we expectwithin a computer facility, however thereare other factors contributing to photo-electric detector’s deficiency within theseenvironments.

Within the Fire Industry detectors arecategorised as Early Warning SmokeDetection (EWSD) and Very Early WarningSmoke Detection (VEWSD). In fact somepeople use these terms very loosely and donot differentiate the two correctly. AnEWSD system provides detection of a FireCondition prior to the time that itbecomes threatening to the occupants ofa building. Generally this is the time thatsmoke is visible. Lets use the example of apaper basket fire within a standard office.Seconds after the paper has ignited,smoke will generate and rise to the ceiling.This visible and hot smoke will eventuallyenter the smoke detection chamber andtrigger the alarm to alert the occupantsthat a fire has commenced. In contrast if acomputer terminal within the same roomhad a fault within the electronics resultingin a thermal event, it may smoulder forhours before a flame ignites. We refer tothe smouldering stage as the incipientstage to a fire. During this incipient stage


11

By Eddie Tieppo, B.Eng, Dip MgtVision Fire & SecurityBusiness Development Manager – Asia Pacific

Very Early WarningSmoke Detection

Why and How it’s Applied toMission Critical Facilities

Mission-critical refers to the operations that are critical to an organisation’sability to carry out its mission. In other words, mission-critical operations arethose operations that are essential to an organisations ability to perform itsintended function. A mission-critical facility is one that guarantees it willcontinue to operate, regardless of external conditions. A critical bankingfacility is an example of such a facility that must maintain operation 24 hoursa day 7 days a week. In fact, a minor interruption in service, or loss of datacould seriously impact the operational continuity resulting in economic lossespecially during high transaction periods.

APF p. 1-15 9/11/06 11:23 am Page 11

the human eye will not see the particlesbut may smell them. EWSD are notsensitive enough to detect smoke at theincipient stage of an electrical type fire.Only a VEWSD will detect an incipient fireand thus the term “VERY EARLY WARN-ING”. This stage of a fire could last forhours or even days.

Spot type smoke detectors are ‘passive’detectors in that they wait for smoke andrely on the airflow to transport the smoketo the detector. Therefore their perfor-mance is affected by high airflow. Sincethe rate of smoke generation in a smoul-dering fire is relatively small, and the air-flow velocity in the room is quite high, themovement of smoke is dominated by theairflow of the mechanical systems. Fur-thermore the smoke generated during theincipient stage is not hot therefore there isvery little thermal lift. This often restrictssmoke movement directly to the ceiling,where spot type detectors are located,causing the smoke to dissipate morewidely. The aspirated smoke detectionsystem is ‘active’, constantly sampling the air from multiple points throughoutthe environment and therefore is nottotally dependant on thermal energy to transport to and enter the smokedetector.

SMOKE CONTAMINATIONSo why is the detection of smoke at theearliest possible stage important? Becausethe biggest risk to the continuous opera-tion within a computer room facility is thesmoke damage to electrical equipment,not the fire. In fact according to the USAFederal Commission of Communications,95% of all damage within these facilitiesis non-thermal.

The by-products of smoke from PVCand digital circuit boards are gases such asHCL and these gases will cause corrosionof IT equipment. The graph bellow depictsthe damage that can be caused by theincrease of particulates within the com-puter room. Even at 16 micro grams thereis moderate corrosion with long-termeffects on Electronics, at 30 micro gramsthe corrosion is active and the effects areshort term. Above this the damage toequipment is detrimental to ongoingperformance.

ASPIRATED DETECTIONAspirated smoke detectionsystems are quite differentfrom conventional spot typesmoke detectors. Aspiratedsystems typically comprise anumber of small-bore pipeslaid out above or below aceiling in parallel runs,some metres apart. Smallholes, also some metresapart, are drilled into eachpipe to form a matrix ofholes (sampling points),providing an even distribu-tion across the ceiling. Airor smoke is drawn into thepipework through the holes and onwardto a very sensitive smoke detector mount-ed nearby, using the negative pressure ofan aspirator (air pump).

HOW MUCH SMOKE SHOULD WE DETECT?Obscuration as a unit of measurement hasbecome the standard definition of smokedetector sensitivity used in the industrytoday. Obscuration is the effect that smokehas on reducing visibility. Higher concen-trations of smoke, result in higher obscura-tion levels, lowering visibility.Typical Smoke Detection Ratings forsmoke detectors:● Photoelectric: 3.0–12% obscuration

metre● Beam: 3.0–7.0% obscuration per metre● VESDA: 0.005–20% obscuration per

metre

Test performed by Vision Fire & Secur-ity have shown that by burning a measuredlength of wire within a controlled roomwe can determine the resulting Obscura-tion/m. In a 1,000 square metre room witha ceiling height of 4.5m, the insulationfrom approximately a 480m length of 18AWG wire would have to bum to produce13%/m obscuration throughout the room.

Whereas burning of only a 0.3m lengthof the same insulation would produceapproximately a 0.0156 obscuration permetre level of smoke throughout this room.

The amount and colour of smoke creat-ed in a room during a fire is dependent onthe type and amount of material burned.Smouldering combustion of a printed cir-cuit board may produce a heat release rateof one or two Kilowatts and the heatrelease rate of a single resister is as low as10W. By comparison the heat releasedfrom a paper basket fire may be between2 to 4 Kilowatts (UL standard paper burn(3 sheets) is 4kW. The fire size to bedetected must clearly be less than or equalto 1.0kW within a Data Center if we are tomeasure the performance of a VEWSD.

Current testing practice within telecom-munications and computer rooms todayuse a practical on site test to determinethe effectiveness of a Fire Detection Sys-tem. In the past system testing was con-ducted with a can of smoke that wassprayed into the end of pipe network orinto the point detector to determine if thesystem was working. But this test does notcheck the system’s performance to a realsmall fire scenario, which is the benchmarkfor VEWSD.


12

Contamination and failure probability4

Air Sampled through a capillary and sample point

Smoke Obscuration measured based on a Burning wire within a 1000m2 room

Smoke Damage ProbabilityDevice Failure Probability after Smoke Exposure

Contamination Exposure µg/cm2

Failu

re P

rob

ab

ilit

y

0 50 100 150

1

.8

.6

.4

.2

0

APF p. 1-15 9/11/06 11:24 am Page 12

A common test used today is theBS6266 “Code of Practice for Fire Protec-tion for Electronic Data Processing Instal-lations”. This test involves electricallyoverloading a short length (1 or 2 metre)of PVC-coated wire which produces asmall amount of light grey smoke barelyvisible and simulates a smouldering fire ofapproximately 100W.

Typically, the test is performed withinthe room during the commissioningprocess and the VEWSD should give analarm indication within 60–120 secondsor what ever the objective for the design.

Computational Fluid Dynamic Model-ling (CFDM) used by Fire Engineers todetermine the effects of such fires withinHigh-Airflow environments can calculatethe theoretical growth of incipient firessmoke development and the contamina-tion that results from such smoke. Suchmodels can be used to determine the levelof contamination (mass of particulate permetre3) for any size of fire. This is usefulin estimating the amount of contamina-tion to which IT equipment is exposedduring various fire conditions. As shown inGraph 1 the contamination exposurecaused by fires will increase the probabilityof IT equipment failure.

Use of a VEWSD detector to detect suchcontaminants can reduce the risk of suchdamage occurring. In many cases the cont-aminants are present at very low levels,often as a result of high backgroundsmog/smoke levels, often introduced frompoor quality air during the use of ‘economycycle’ HVAC. Without the use of VEWSDthe low levels of these contaminants cango unnoticed for long periods of timecausing insidious but permanent damage.

In addition, the use of the event log ofa sophisticated VEWSD can be used tosupport a warranty or product replacementclaim on an equipment vendor whereequipment fails within its warranted termsof use. This is especially important wherethe vendor’s warranted terms of use refer-ence the quality of the environment ratherthan the deposition of contaminants onthe equipment, as is often the case.

BEYOND THE CONVENTIONAL DESIGN TECHNIQUESAlthough the design of fire protectionsystems has primarily been based ontraditional prescriptive fire codes, there isan increasing emphasis on performance-based codes that address individual envi-ronment requirements. Performance-baseddesign determines the best fire protectionsystem by assessing the function, riskfactors, and internal configuration andconditions of a specific environment.

When designing a Fire Detection Sys-tem for VERY EARLY WARNING thedesigner must consider the following:

1 The airflow characteristics and the airchange rate within the room

2 The coverage area per detector orsample point

3 The sensitivity required per samplingpoint

4 The room size and characteristics –raised floor, tall ceilings etc


13

The Advantage…VESDA – the world’s leading aspirating smoke detectionsystem – provides the optimum protection against fire byreliably detecting the presence of smoke at the earliest possible stage.

Supports Innovative Performance Based DesignWith the trend towards performance based fire safetysystems, designers are able to show an increasing level ofinnovation when designing new buildings or remodellingexisting ones. VESDA’s modularity and flexibility supportsdesigners in their quest to provide ideal fire detectionsolutions without compromising fire safety.

Call your nearest VESDA office today.www.vesda.com

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APF p. 1-15 9/11/06 11:24 am Page 13

5 The annunciation of emergencyresponse systems

6 The activation of mechanical controlsystems such as air extraction andsuppression systems

The detection system must be designedfor conditions when the Air Handling Sys-tem is either operational or out of service.

The following example describes thedetection method on the CRAC return airpath, relevant in circumstances where theCRAC is operational. This method ofVEWSD is suitable for rooms that useEWSD spot type detectors as the detectionscheme in circumstances where the CRACis out of service.

The following example shows the ASDpipe network configured for both circum-stances; where the CRAC is operationaland out of service. The sampling pipes onthe ceiling and within the floor void areused for detection where the CRAC is outof service. The pipe used to detect smokeacross the return air path is used fordetection where the CRAC is operational.This design method is suitable for roomswhere the ceiling height is not tall androom is small in area.

For large rooms with High Airflows it isrecommended to use a combination ofboth on ceiling detection, underfloordetection and return air.

COVERAGE AREAThe area coverage of the detector is a veryimportant criterion of the design. This istrue from both a performance and cost-effectiveness perspective.

Below is an illustration of a grid layoutfor an ASD detector for a 2000 m2 area(this is the maximum area coverage per-missible within the codes, BS, AS, NFPA).The sample points of an ASD detector istreated the same as a spot type detectorwithin most prescriptive codes. You cansee below that the area coverage for asample point is effectively the circle orclose to the square around it, which is10m x 10m = 100m2 (this illustrationbelow is designed as per AS1670 andwould be suitable for a low airflow envi-ronment). For ASD applications in HighAirflow environments, we can decrease thearea coverage for the sample point byadding more holes and making the dis-tance between each pipe less.

The prescriptive Codes and Standardstoday describe detection techniques for onceiling detection. But new codes such asDraft NFPA 76 “Standard for the Protec-tion of Telecommunication Facilities” isthe first code that uses a prescriptive andperformance based approach for the FireProtection of Telecommunication facilities.Within this code it specifies both the areacoverage as well as the sensitivity of thedetector. Presently the Draft of the NFPA76 Standard for the Protection ofTelecommunications Facilities documentrequires that “Every type of sensor andport installed in a space shall be limited toa maximum coverage area of 200 sq. ft.(reference page 51, section 6-5.3.1.2*)Exception: When (2) levels (high and low)of ports or sensors are provided, each level

shall be limited to a coverage of 400 sq.ft. or less per port or sensor.

NFPA 72 “National Fire Code for theUSA” recommends the area coverage forspot type detectors to be reduced withinhigh airflow environments to as low as11.5 m2 per detector for rooms that have60 air changes per hour.

British Standard – BS 6266 (1992), Sec-tion 5.2.5.1 Detector Spacing – General – “From the point of view of automatic firedetection, EDP areas present fire risksquite different from those in many otherpremises. The concentration of high valueequipment, sensitive to damage by even asmall fire or smoke, and particularly thehigh potential consequential losses, makeit important to use close spacing of detec-tors. Detector density should be highenough to enable the smallest fire to bedetected quickly without unduly increasingthe false alarm risk. A reason for a higherthan normal density of detectors is theinfluence of the air-conditioned system,which dilutes the smoke being producedby fire.” Section 5.2.5.2 Point Detectors –“Recommended area coverage per detectorfor the different location zones are givenin table 1. As follows: EDP equipmentroom (ceiling height above 3 metres),require a maximum spacing of 15-25square metres (150–250 square feet).

As well as codes there are insurancecompanies such as Factory Mutual whospecify in their Property Loss PreventionData Sheet (5-48) for Automatic FireDetectors page 7 “A maximum coverage of200 sq. ft. (20 m2) per detector may benecessary where room air is changing at arate of 20 air changes per hour or 100ft/min (0.5m/sec).

So the message is that more detectorsshould be used in high airflow environ-ments to increase the chance of seeing afire however, this requirement can be off-set by the use of a VEWSD which can sup-port a large number of sampling points ina single pipe network.

SENSITIVITY OF ASPIRATED SMOKE DETECTION

Although this reduced spacing willincrease the probability of smoke beingdetected, it does not determine if thesmoke generated has an obscuration den-sity high enough to trigger an alarm.Therefore the sensitivity of the system isalso fundamental to the design of theVEWSD system. The sensitivity of theAspirated Detection System’s samplingpoint is extremely important to ensureconsistent and sensitive detection withinthe zoned area is achieved. But whatcodes and standards do not take intoaccount for Aspirated Smoke DetectionSystems is their ability to use Cumulativeair sampling within an environment.

Cumulative Air Sampling refers to theway the Aspirated Smoke Detector samplessmoke over the network of samplingpoints allowing each to contribute to thesmoke being sampled at the detector.Within a high airflow environment thisphenomena becomes very useful sinceparticles of smoke are spread through theroom allowing the Cumulative samplingeffect to take place.

Take the example of a 200 square metreroom with 10 sample points on the ceil-ing. If the detector sensitivity is set to0.1% Obscuration/m this effectively makeseach sample point’s sensitivity 0.1 x 10 =1.0% Obscuration/m. That is, if only onesample point was exposed to smoke itwould require 1.0% Obscuration/m totrigger an alarm. This is because the fluidmechanics of the model takes intoaccount dilution caused by the otherholes.

Using the same example if smoke entersthree holes the effective sensitivityrequired to trigger an alarm is 0.1 x 10divided by 3 = 0.33% Obscuration/m.Clearly, cumulative sampling allows muchlower levels of smoke, and therefore very


14

Areacoverage

ASDDetect

Sampling Sampling

APF p. 1-15 9/11/06 11:25 am Page 14

early warning to be detected. If the sameroom was designed with EWSD and eachdetector was rated at 5% obscuration/mthe alarm would only trigger once thesmoke density has reached this pointthroughout the room or at one detector.

IN-CABINET AND INTEGRATED-EQUIPMENT DETECTIONInterest is developing regarding the appli-cation of ASD within data racks & enclosedequipment cabinets and integrated in spe-cific equipment or assets. It is desirable tofit ASD within these cabinets because insome circumstances it would not beacceptable for smoke from a fire within thecabinet to ‘breech’ the cabinet, enter themission critical facility, contaminate othersystems or processes and possibly activatemain alarms and suppression systems.

In-cabinet smoke detection and actionenables an excellent very early warningsolution because:

1 The sampling is performed closest tothe source of the fire, before dilution,which allows earliest detection

2 Sampling within the enclosure allowsclear identification of the source of theproblem. This “addressability” reducestime, effort and error in identifying andremedying the problem.

3 The detection occurs before any spreadof the risk; loss can be minimised:

● Smoke is not allowed to contami-nate or otherwise affect other sys-tems in the data centre

● Compartmentation ensures that inworst cases the Estimated and Pos-sible Maximum Loss and BusinessInterruption estimates are min-imised (for insurance assessment)

4 The background dust and smoke levelswithin sealed enclosures is relativelyconsistent. Also, the airflow dynamicswithin a sealed enclosure can be pre-dicted with relative confidence by com-putational fluid dynamic models. Thisensures that detection systems can bedesigned, built and commissioned withconfidence of their efficiency andperformance.

5 Fire responses can be more automated,and cost and downtime from fireresponses, such as use of suppression,is reduced.

6 Better control of the issue managementand escalation processes is possible – analarm can be routed to the data centremanager as an “environmental alarm”,rather than reporting via the main firealarm system. This staged response to afire threat allows IT staff investigationand possible intervention, an ability tomove processes or data from problemequipment, action such as power-downof problem equipment and, if necessary,suppression of an escalated fire. Such astaged response will often negate theneed for suppression to be fitted or, iffitted, will negate the need for expen-sive suppressant to be released.

7 Cause & effect is localised, ie. fire con-trols used are specific to the cabinet

rather than the room. Common are aprotection systems means that thecommon area is unprotected after sup-pression has been affected until thesystem is re-charged.

8 Integration with existing communica-tions systems is possible – remote andcentralized monitoring and mainte-nance (especially for unmanned orautomated facilities), eg over LAN,MAN, WAN becomes cost effective.Also, coupling advanced smoke detec-tion with a full suite of environmentalmonitoring systems (power loss, access-control, security, temperature, waterloss, humidity etc) offers a number ofsynergies.

CONCLUSIONDue to the huge financial loss and poten-tial business risk, a Mission Critical Facilitycannot risk downtime especially of the size

and duration potentially caused by fire andsmoke contamination. The most importantsystem that contributes to the preventionof Fire and Smoke Damage is a Very EarlyWarning Smoke Detection system, whichmeets the performance objective to detectsmoke at the very early stages of a fire.

REFERENCES1. (Source: Steven R. Christensen andLawrence L. Schkade, “Financial and Func-tional Impact of Computer Outages on Busi-ness,” University of Texas at Arlington)2. (Source: Standish Group Research, 1998)3. (Source: Computerworld, August 4, 1997)4. 2nd International Fire Protection SeminarBuenos Aires 1999 – TelecommunicationFacilities.5. BS62666. NFPA 72, NFPA 767. AS16708. Factory Mutual


15

APF p. 1-15 9/11/06 11:25 am Page 15

The date was the 20th August1998, and I was about to get myfirst taste of the Vietnamese ‘Safety

culture’! I had to travel the two and a half

hour journey by road from Ho Chi MinhCity to the southern most point of Viet-nam, a place called Vung Tau, whichwas to be the departure point to mynew home for the next six weeks off-shore. This was a Floating ProductionStorage and Offload facility, betterknown to those in the business as aFPSO (Pronounced Fipso). I was to findmyself forty minutes by Helicopter off-shore of South Vietnam. I still had myjourney by road to overcome first, andboy what an eye opener!

Teams of local roadwork ‘Specialists,’were busy repairing some of the manypotholes to be found en route. Some ofthese were over eighteen inches indepth! These workers were dressed in all

their best Personal Protective Equipment(PPE). This consisted of vest, shorts andwell worn “safety boots”. Better knownto Expats as flip-flops. One worker wasoperating a pneumatic drill, breaking uphuge heavy chunks of tarmac whilst hiscolleagues were removing them, alsoattired in their ‘flip-flop safety boots.’What PPE? Was this the standard ofsafety I was to expect? Surely theseworkers were a one off; these guys can-not be for real; could they?

I was then treated to a spectacularshow of balancing skills, which theMoscow traveling circus would be proudto possess and all whilst riding on amoped, as along with bicycles, this isthe favored form of transport in Viet-nam and much of South East Asia. Ofcourse the whole operation is carriedout, minus any head protection, leathersor protective clothing we are accus-tomed to, and of course wearing the

standard ‘safety flip-flops.’ I watchedamazed as two men carried a plate glasswindow, lodged between them on aclapped out rusty moped. Then a manwith an arm chair, part of a three piecesuite, which was strapped to his backwith the sheer weight forcing his bonychin onto the handlebars of the ricketyrusty bike. Then to cap it all, a smilingfamily of six, complete with babe inarms and of course well-worn, designer‘Safety Flops’. I never did get to see aparty of seven! Just what have I letmyself in for? Surely the locallyemployed work force offshore would bemore safety conscious than this? Surelythose guys offshore will be totallydifferent?

Looking back over the last 30 years, Ihave learned an awful lot about Safetyin general, and the various types of PPEavailable.

Safety cultures differ dramaticallythroughout the countries of the world.Having worked in many areas of theglobe and currently in West Africa, it isclearly apparent that International stan-dards and stringent regulations for thewearing and use of PPE are not onlytotally disregarded, but also completelyunheard of!

SO WHAT EXACTLY IS P.P.E.?It’s a last line of protection, the very lastresort. The book definition of PPE is;‘Any device or appliance designed to be


16

By Nick Lacey

IT SEEMS A LIFETIME AGO since I struggled through the teeming mass ofeagerly expectant taxi drivers, which were forming the running gauntlet fromTat Son Nhat International Airport, Vietnam.

I had finally arrived after my epic journey, jet lagged, bleary eyed anddishelved, only to be met by a torrential downpour. “Good Morning Vietnam”!But where’s the sun? I had imagined to be met with the warm embracingtropical breeze of this far-flung country, not raindrops the size of golf ballsleaping two feet into the air off the steaming tarmac. The whole scenario couldnot have been further from my imagination.

What Personal ProtWhat Personal ProtAPF p. 16-35 17/11/06 11:40 am Page 16

worn or held by an individual at workfor protection against one or morehealth and safety hazards’.

PPE really is the last line of defense.The majority of employers know thatPPE, if worn correctly, can protectemployees from the risk of injury bycreating a barrier against workplacehazards. It is not a substitute for soundengineering controls and documentedworkplace procedures. It should be wornand used in conjunction with these con-trols, if there is no other way to protectthe worker. We cannot protect theworkforce purely by providing them withvarious items of PPE.

Which item should they choose? Howshould it be worn? Does it afford suit-able protection for the task in hand? Fartoo many employers still believe “it issomeone else’s problem” and “It is notmy fault if the employees do not wearit, at least we provide it.”

I recently attended a safety seminarin Singapore, whilst assigned to a newFPSO conversion. During the course ofthe seminar, it came to light that afatality had occurred in the offshoreindustry to an employee who wasactually in the process of putting onan item of PPE. Inconceivable; yetnevertheless true. The protective itemhappened to be a safety harness, andthe unfortunate individual was in theprocess of donning the harness whilstwalking between rotating equipment.The harness became entangled in theequipment and pulled the unsuspectingindividual into the rotating component,resulting in fatality.

Many smaller incidents involving PPEspring to mind. For instance a youngVietnamese welder sustaining a super-ficial burn on the back of his wrist, thesize of a watch face, as a result of a hot piece of welding slag droppinginside his gloves. Was it incorrect PPEfor the job? Was he even aware that he had the wrong gloves on for the task he was undertaking? He shouldhave been wearing correct weldinggauntlets, but who should provide thisequipment? Who was responsible fortraining him? Who was his direct lineSupervisor?

SO WHAT ARE THE GUIDELINES? It’s not enough to merely provide PPEand expect employees to know how it isworn correctly. Management are

accountable and directly responsible forensuring a duty of care to their employ-ees. The bad old days of “But we’vedone it like this for years!” are nowthankfully gone. The PPE at work regu-lations 1992 often referred to as part ofthe “Six pack” clearly place a duty ofcare on employers and the self-employed to provide serviceable andsuitable PPE, at no cost to theiremployees. One only has to pick up thedaily papers to see that today com-panies are heavily fined if a breach ofthese regulations take place and this canalso rise to civil claims against theemployer.

The Personnel Protective Equipmentat Work Regulations 1992, clearly out-line these requirements. A new regula-tion has recently been included to placea duty on all suppliers to supply safe

PPE. Contravention of this requirementis now an offence under the consoli-dated regulations and extends to theretailers and the suppliers of PPE. Thedesign of equipment and clothing mustbe of a safe design and construction forthe work to be performed and easilymaintainable. Various regulations con-cerning PPE maybe country specific tothe region you are working in, so it isworth ensuring that the regulations youare following are applicable to thecountry in which you are working.

So what exactly are the responsibil-ities towards PPE?

RESPONSIBILITIESEmployers – They have primary respon-sibility for the implementation of thePPE Program in their work place. Thisincludes:


17

otective Equipment?otective Equipment?

A new regulation has recently beenincluded to place a duty on allsuppliers to supply safe PPE.Contravention of this requirement is now an offence under theconsolidated regulations andextends to the retailers and thesuppliers of PPE.

APF p. 16-35 17/11/06 11:41 am Page 17

■ Conducting workplace Risk Assess-ments or Job Safety Analysis (JSA’s)to determine the presence of hazards,which necessitate the use of PPE.

■ Conducting periodic workplaceinspections and reassessments ofhazards.

■ Maintaining documented records onall hazard assessments.

■ Providing training and technicalassistance to Supervisors on theproper use, care and cleaning ofapproved PPE.

■ Providing guidance to the purchaseror Supervisor for the correct selectionand purchase of approved PPE.

■ Periodically reevaluating the suitabil-ity of previously selected PPE.

■ Reviewing, updating and evaluatingthe overall effectiveness of the com-pany PPE program.

Supervisors – Have the responsibilityfor the implementation of the PPE Pro-gram in their designated work areas.This includes:

■ Providing appropriate PPE and mak-ing it available to their employees.

■ Ensuring employees are trained onthe proper use, care, and cleaning ofPPE.

■ Maintaining records on PPE instruc-tion and training.

■ Supervising their staff to ensure thatthe elements of the PPE program arefollowed and that employees properlyuse and care for their PPE.

■ Notifying the authorities when newhazards are introduced or whenprocesses are changed or added.

■ Ensuring defective or damagedequipment is immediately replaced.

Employees – They also have responsi-bility for:

■ Following the requirements of thecompany PPE program.

■ Always wearing PPE as required.■ Attending required training sessions.■ Caring for, cleaning and maintaining

PPE.■ Informing the Direct line Supervisor

of the need to repair or replace dam-aged or defective items of PPE.

TRAININGCareful consideration should be given tothe comfort and correct fit of PPE inorder to ensure that it will be used. Pro-tective devices are usually available in avariety of sizes, so care should be takento ensure that the right size is readilyavailable and selected for use. Anyemployee required to wear PPE shallreceive training in the proper use andcare of PPE. This also includes the directline Supervisors. Training should include,

but not necessarily be limited to:

■ When PPE should be worn.■ What PPE is necessary for the partic-

ular hazards in the workplace.■ How to correctly don, adjust and

wear the PPE.■ The limitations of the PPE.■ The proper care, maintenance and

useful life expectancy.

After training the employees shalldemonstrate that they understand, thecomponents of the company PPE pro-gram and that they know how to usethe PPE properly. Written records areessential and should include the type oftraining provided, names of all personstrained and the dates the trainingoccurred. These records should be keptfor at least 3 years.

PEER PRESSURE VERSUS OPEN SHOP?A problem still exists in many compa-nies, especially in third world locationsusing National staff, when individualsrequire PPE replacement or even initialissue. Employees are often reluctant toapproach their Supervisors or managersto replace defective items of clothing orequipment. In order to prevent highconsumption, and the associatedexpense to maintain stocks of replace-ment PPE, a fine line needs to be drawnbetween an “open shop” policy and the‘third degree’ in-depth scrutiny as towhy the individual wants the PPEreplaced, without deterring them fromasking for replacement.

It is common in these situations formany companies to operate an open, noquestions asked, “hand in” replacementprogram after initial issue. This allowsbetter controls to be kept on the con-sumption/cost of the PPE, the defectiveor old PPE can be disposed of correctly,and additionally as the used or worn outequipment is collected it can help withthe analysis of how certain types/modelsof PPE are actually withstanding theapplication duties in the workplace.

RIGHT KIT FOR THE RIGHT JOB?So how do we know that we have theright PPE for the task in hand?

Although PPE may be provided, it isessential that the Supervisor or personresponsible for issuing the equipment isaware of its limitations. As an examplethere are numerous types of glovesavailable in today’s market, but are theright type chosen for the correct task inhand? One type of glove will not workin all situations. Gloves that can protectagainst chemicals may afford littleprotection against abrasions, cuts,lacerations or punctures or harmfultemperature extremes. Fire suit glovesthat are used in a domestic capacity

might not afford suitable protection forcrash rescue purposes?

Many years ago in the mid seventies,during a training exercise, a colleague ofmine was burnt quite severely on bothhands during a drill. The gloves he waswearing gave very little protection forthe situation he was faced with. He wascaught in a flash back resulting in burnsto both hands.

So careful consideration is essential inensuring the right PPE is selected forthe task in hand. Consideration shouldalso be given to the comfort and fit ofPPE in order to ensure that it will beused. Protective devices are generallyavailable in a variety of sizes, so careshould be taken to ensure that the rightsize is selected.

If a Fireman is employed in a domes-tic role and is then switched to airportduties, does he need to also switch to aclose proximity suit? The answer ofcourse comes back to sound manage-ment, documented procedures and goodsupervision backed up by methodicaltraining methods.


18

Nick Lacey has over 30 yearsexperience in fire fighting, fire pre-vention and aircraft crash rescueprocedures, having served in theRoyal Navy’s Fleet Air Arm for 23years as an Aircraft Handler. Duringthis time Nick was employed on Air-craft Carrier flight decks and shoreside in the Naval Air Command FireService, where he finished hiscareer as Fire Chief. On leaving theservice, Nick moved into a Healthand Safety role having studied theNEBOSH general Certificate inHealth and Safety and attendednumerous courses for the offshoreindustry.

Nick is currently employed as SafetyOfficer onboard a FPSO producingover 110,000 barrels of oil per day.He is responsible for all aspects ofsafety and training onboard and isalso the Helicopter Landing Officer(HLO).

APF p. 16-35 17/11/06 11:41 am Page 18

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21

Having consumed its stock of proteinand fluoro-protein foam agent tobattle earthquake-initiated fires

involving flammable liquid storage tanks,Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. – HokkaidoRefinery, located near Tomakomai, Japan,called on the marketplace for emergencyreplenishment of foam stocks. Tyco Fire &Security,’s Fire Suppression Business andALERT Disaster Control of Singapore metthe challenge to begin shippingANSULITE® firefighting foam agent withina 24-hour deadline.

A powerful earthquake, which registered8.0+ on the Richter scale, rocked Japan on26 September 2003 and with subsequentaftershocks was responsible for major stor-age tank damage and fires at the refinery,located approximately 750 km (460 miles)north of Tokyo. Idemitsu Kosan imme-diately initiated its Emergency ResponsePlan and together with the assistance ofNational Authorities and regionalmutual aid contingencies, was success-ful in containing and controlling theevent. The operations included a tankcontaining crude oil, which experiencedan initial full rim seal fire and subse-quent structural loss due to manifoldseparation, resulting in a fully involvedbund fire. A second tank containingNaphtha experienced a total product,roof and eventual structural loss due toa fully involved surface fire. In addition,the facility experienced an estimated

forty-three roof failures within open topand coned roof storage tanks exposing con-siderable volumes of product to atmosphereand potential ignition sources. The magni-tude of the operation set a previouslyunrecorded precedence for such an occur-rence within the region. In a gallantattempt to extinguish the fires and maintainvapour suppression during product transferoperations, emergency stock and mutual aidreserves of available foam inventory wereexpended.

In order to ensure delivery of proven firesuppression resources and products,Idemitsu Kosan placed an emergency orderwith ALERT Disaster Control for 500,000litres (132,000 gal) of 3% AFFF (aqueousfilm-forming foam). The order was splitwith an initial order totalling 200,000 litres

(52,835 gal) of AFFF. On 03 October 2003,ALERT Disaster Control awarded approxi-mately 100,000 litres (26,350 gal) of theinitial order to Tyco Fire & Security withthe stipulation that the order would beginshipping within 24 hours. Working aroundthe clock, Tyco’s Fire Suppression manu-facturing operation in Marinette, Wiscon-sin, USA shipped 27,000 litres (7,133 gal)of ANSULITE 3% AFFF the same day andcompleted the entire order by 06 October2003. The product was transported toChicago for airfreight to Japan by NipponCargo Airlines (NCA).

After successfully delivering the initialorder, Tyco’s Kevin White, Director of Asia-Pacific Sales commented: “I had no doubtwe were up to the challenge... and it paidoff. As a result of our fast performance, wehave been awarded the balance of the con-tract. That’s another 300,000 litres (79,250gal) of foam, three times the initial Order!”Through ALERT’s extended contract for thesupply of additional foam stocks, Tycoreceived the second order on 10 October2003 with a required lead-time of sevendays. The last shipment was delivered toNCA on 16 October 2003, one day early.

Our partners in this unique project,ALERT Disaster Control, continue to assistIdemitsu Kosan through the provision ofon-site technical consultation, training inleading firefighting technologies andapplication methodologies, and additionalservices and product sales encompassingtransportable firefighting pumps, supportequipment and systems.

Shortly after returning from Japan tothe ALERT (Asia) base of operations in Sin-gapore, Mike Allcorn, Managing Director,

stated proudly, “During our Customersmoment of crisis, we were grateful forthe opportunity to work together withtheir Management and plant opera-tions personnel and fulfil their fire pro-tection requirements in a professional,expedient and cost effective manner.ALERT’s global emergency responseand integrated risk management ser-vice capabilities, combined with thevast resources of the Tyco Fire & Secu-rity network and systems support fromour associates at Williams Fire & Haz-ard Control, clearly provided the opti-mum fire suppression solution for ourCustomer.”

P R O D U C T P R O F I L E

Steve Hansen, Foam Marketing Manager, Tyco Fire SuppressionBusiness (second from right) discusses the packaging andloading of foam tote containers with Nippon Cargo Airlinespersonnel at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport.

ALERT Integrated Firefighting Pumps positioned alongside Idemitsu Kosan loading terminal delivering10,000 – 12,000 gpm water/foam solution through large diameter hose for supply of trailermounted firefighting monitors

COMPANIES JOIN FORCES TOEXPEDITE ANSULITE® FOAM

AFTER JAPAN EARTHQUAKE

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:30 am Page 21


22

EMERGENCY Protocol mustalways remain committed to pre-vention. In fact, as responsible

members of the business community,this is the only acceptable method ofprotecting our personnel, the environ-ment, assets and our reputation. Yet, itremains an often-tragic revelation thatfar more monies are expended in termsof actual emergency response activitiesand litigation than for preventativemeasures (training, drills, audits, etc.).It has become a sad realization thatmany companies today have lost focuswith the basics of emergency pre-paredness. Applied logic offers noother excuse for what we witness on adaily basis, and while it would be niceto limit this to one particular industry,it is endemic. Remember, everyone is apotential casualty, not everyone is apotential survivor.

No company today is immune to man-made or natural disasters. Therefore, awell-organized and tested emergencyresponse plan is vital. It is imperative thatwe prepare ourselves to deal with any andall potential problems. As such, it becomescritical that all hazards have been identi-fied and subsequent risks assessed andcontrolled. World events continuouslyremind us that even though the probabil-ity of occurrence may be extremely low, itwill not be impossible. We also note thatthe degree and speed of escalation of anincident is inversely proportional to thelevel of preparedness. Hence the question,are we really prepared to respond? Arewe simply competent on paper, or arewe truly proven competent?

Our primary response to an event mustdeal with safeguarding personnel and theenvironment. Secondary response providesfor protection of assets in addition todirecting our efforts to promote postevent recovery and ultimately the preser-

vation of our reputation. To accomplishthis, each and every operational unit mustbe responsible for maintaining their rele-vant level of emergency response infra-structure. Likewise, Management, atdefined levels throughout the organiza-tion’s hierarchy, must also possess theability to provide the requisite support(Emergency and Crisis Management). Thedefined infrastructure must clearly detailthe roles, responsibility, accountability andauthority that shall be adhered to in anemergency situation. Subsequently, eachoperational unit must be provided withthe resources to deal effectively with anyevent that arises. Resources must includecommunication links, equipment, trainedpersonnel and support services.

To gain an accurate picture of an orga-nization’s level of emergency prepared-ness, specific areas must be assessed usinga well-defined and systematic approach.These include, as a minimum:

• Pre-incident Planning• Resource Allocation• Emergency Response Teams• Essential Services• Transportation• Emergency Center and Communication• Interaction with Mutual Aid Partners

and Cooperating Agencies• Salvage and Restoration Operations

(Business Continuity)

The philosophy to be used whendesigning and ultimately conducting theassessment dictates that for every actioninitiated during an emergency situationthere will be a reaction.

For example, if we delay calling theappropriate technical specialist, controlof the fire may be lost. Likewise, if weact without forethought and planningwe may inadvertently cause the situa-tion to escalate.

Emergency Preparedness assessmentsmust combine the attributes of bothtest and learning experience. The expe-rience should always strive to provide arealistic atmosphere for the participantswithout placing them in a “no–win” sit-uation. If participants become frustrateddue to unrealistic or unfair escalationthen the environment loses the aspectsconducive to learning. However, if par-ticipants are unable to respond properlydue to inherent faults in the system itmust be made known. Irrespective ofthe outcome, we are provided with atrue assessment of our competence.

In the end we either conduct ourselvesresponsibly or we do not, we verify our levelof preparedness or simply tell ourselves thatwe are competent. One thing we can neverdo is to blame the system if the failure liesin our failure to prepare. Through adequatepreparation, we remove the propensity forkey personnel to simply act as a result oftheir emotions and limited knowledge ofthe event. A well-trained team will makeinformed judgments based on known factsand react in a positive manner.

ALERT DISASTER CONTROL is a globalprovider of Emergency Response Servicesand Integrated Risk Management Solu-tions. ALERT offers fully integrated Inci-dent Management Systems encompassingEmergency Response and ContingencyPlans, interactive emergency preparednessexercises, associated training, audits andcompetence assessments for every facet ofthe business community.”

For more information, please contact:

ALERT DISASTER CONTROL(ASIA) PTE. LTD.

Box 5008, Block B, #01-00Loyang Offshore Supply Base

Loyang Cresent, 508988 Singapore

Tel: +65 6 545 5088Fax: +65 6 545 3033

E-mail: [email protected]: www.alertdisastercontrol.com

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS– Fact or Fiction?

What have YOU done lately to assess your competence?

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:30 am Page 22

EMERGENCY RESPONSE SERVICES:• Oilfield Firefighting and Blowout Control • Well Control Engineering and Management• Marine and Industrial Firefighting • Hazardous Material Control (Level I - II - III)

INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS• QHSE Management Systems Development • Risk Assessments • QHSE Audits• Safety and Survival Training (IWCF, OPITO, STCW 95) • Onsite HSE Representatives• Toxic Environment Protection • Fire and Safety OEM and Product Sales

“Global Emergency Response andIntegrated Risk Management Solutions”

ALERT maintain an Integrated QHSE Management System to ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards as Certified by Det Norske Veritas

ALERT DISASTER CONTROL(ASIA) PTE. LTD.

Box 5008, Blk B, #01-00Loyang Offshore Supply Base,

Loyang Crescent, Singapore 508988Tel: (65) 6545 5088 (24 Hrs)

Fax: (65) 6545 3033Email: [email protected]

ALERT DISASTER CONTROL(MIDDLE EAST) LTD.

Building #34,Oil Field Supply Center, Jebel Ali,

Dubai, United Arab EmiratesTel: (971) 4 883 2343 (24 Hrs)

Fax: (971) 4 883 2395Email: [email protected]

ALERT DISASTER CONTROL(US) INC.

1730 Preston Road,Suite A, Pasadena,

Texas 77503, U.S.A.Tel: 1(713) 964 4084 (24 Hrs)

Fax: 1(713) 963 2903Email: [email protected]

ALERT DISASTER CONTROL(OCEANIA) PTY. LTD.

937 Oxenford Tambourine Rd,Wongawallan, Queensland 4210,

AustraliaTel: (61) 07 5573 2221 (24 Hrs)

Fax: (61) 07 5573 2774Email: [email protected]

www.alertdisastercontrol.com

THE ALERT GROUP OF COMPANIES

ALERT DISASTER CONTROL(CANADA) INC.

Atrium II, 300, 840-6th Avenue S.W.Calgary, Alberta T2P 3E5

CanadaTel: 1 (403) 233 8080Fax: 1 (403) 265 3785

Email: [email protected]

Advert/p23 9/11/06 11:31 am Page 1

www.ifcaa2004.com.twIFCAA NFA

IFCAA 2004 Secretariat National Fire Agency, MOI

Tel +886-2-2388-2119 ext. 8233, 8239 Fax +886-2-2504-4362 / E-mail [email protected] / Web www.ifcaa2004.com.tw

23rd International Fire Chiefs' Association of Asia

General Conference, 2004November 17~19, 2004 Taipei International Convention Center

2004 International Fire and Safety ExhibitionNovember 18~21, 2004 Taipei World Trade Center Exhibition Hall I, Area B

Disaster Response and Management Administration

Displays of the achievements of National Fire Agency, MOI and IFCAA member nations

and regions in the field of disaster prevention and response.

Fire Prevention and Safety Equipment

Fire prevention and fire safety equipment

Emergency rescue equipment

Electronic communications equipment

Fire prevention and emergency rescue vehicles, aerospace equipment, etc.

Disaster Prevention and Daily Life

Displays of emergency response measures operational procedures and achievements of

Government Agencies Enterprises and Civic Organizations in the field disaster prevention

and response.

The he Global lobal Vision on ision on Disasterisaster

Preparedness and reparedness and Responseesponse

The Global Vision on Disaster

Preparedness and Response

Advert/p24 9/11/06 11:31 am Page 1

HEIGHT RESCUE EQUIPMENT

Traditionally, the rescuers from the Fireand Emergency Services Departmentare highly trained men to accomplishdifficult and complicated height rescueoperations in rope access techniquesfor high angle rescue. However, highangle rescue techniques and super-highaerial ladders employed yesterday cansoon become obsolete or irrelevant intoday’s built-up environment as highrises progressively penetrating furtherinto the skyline.

Today’s firefighter is faced with notonly a bewildering array of difficult andcomplicated high rise rescue operationsbut also choosing the most efficientheight rescue equipment for firefightersafety. The most important factors are

the efficiency of the equipment andthe speed with which personnel andequipment designated for rescue pur-poses can be efficiently put into use.

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

The industry in fire and rescue equip-ment has a fine tradition of being inno-vative and creative. The mobile/portablerescue chute mounted on the bucket ofhydraulic platform or aerial ladder offire truck is an excellent example of theindustry’s innovative and creative out-look – of how to think and do beyondthe conventional. It is one of the mostvital pieces of height rescue equipmentin the market that provides dual func-tions in one unit portable rescue chute.This equipment allow the rescue per-sonnel to quickly deploy and put to useunder adverse conditions when space,speed and mobility are essential formass rapid height rescue operations:

● The quick deployment of mobilerescue unit and its flexibility ofextending or shortening the chutelength to the desired height for the


25

Picture courtesy of Escape Consult Mobiltex (S) PTE. Ltd

By John NgEscape Consult

Mobiltex (S) PTE. Ltd

NO FIRE AND EMERGENCYServices Department likes to contemplate the possibility of ahigh-rise fire. While most buildingmanagement have a procedure forevacuation which is not dependenton the fire brigade, however, if thesystem fails then the fire brigadewill have to come to the rescue.When incidents involving high-riserescue operations, it can become adangerous affair of protecting andsaving the property and lives. Forthis reason the provision of meansof dealing with such incidents mustassume at all times the possibilityof, and need for, height rescue andextinguishing a fire at any timeduring rescue operations.

High RiseRescueOperations

Picture courtesy of Escape Consult Mobiltex(S) PTE. Ltd

High RiseRescueOperations

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:32 am Page 25

rescue allow the rescuers the speedto quickly provide victims a safermeans of rapid vertical escape frombucket to ground. It eliminates thetime involved in lowering and raisingthe aerial platform, and reduces thespeed of mass rescuing victims fromtall building by almost ten times incomparison to using the conventionalmethod. Thus improves the evacua-tion capacity of any aerial ladder/hydraulic platform of fire enginefrom 10 to 100 times. In addition, it is able to evacuate over 100people in 10 minutes, including thehandicapped.

● Should the surrounding of thebuilding site could not accommodatethe fire aerial truck, the portabilityand versatility of the rescue chuteallows the rescue personnel to carrythe rescue unit to the desired floor.The universal platform has a pair ofbolts that serve as hangars that canhang on the handrail of the balconywithin minutes for ready use. In situa-tion where there is no handrail on thebalcony, with the additional equip-ment (horizontal arms and verticallegs), it allows the rescue chute to bepositioned at the parapet of balconyand window for quick rescue use.

● The chute main body material isconstructed of three layers chute.This 3-way protection protects theevacuees once inside the chute fromflame, heat, and smoke during res-cue operation. The system works onthe principle of gravity, using thestress and friction on the body as itslides down. Usability for all people,regardless of body size, shape andweight, injured on stretcher andunconscious people can use thechute to arrive at ground levelquickly and relatively safely.

HIGH RISE EVACUATION

The super-high aerial ladders are notthe sure way out of a burning high riseas they have their limits – they canextend to 52 metre, or 18 storeys.When incidents involving high-rise res-cue operations beyond the reach of theheight rescue equipment, it can offer awide range of new and deadly prob-

lems for firefighters and the evacuees.Hence, the safest thing for buildingoccupants to do in a high-rise fire is tohead for the nearest staircase on thefloor to avoid being trapped and maketheir way out of a blazing high rise.

Mass evacuation in a high-risescenario offers a wide range of prob-lems for the building management. It isimportant to realize that in the contextof high-rise evacuation, there are peopleamong the building population whomay have difficulty or no ability to walkdown stairs unassisted during emer-gency evacuation. The scenario maybecomes even more complicated for thefire fighters when some of the occu-pants are trapped above the fire floorsand that the stairwells are impassablebecause of smoke, heat or flames.

Just as we accept the daily use ofelevators to gain access to every floorin high-rise buildings, so too there areways that must be taken to ensure thatall building occupants can also getdown and out in the absence of eleva-tors during emergency evacuation.Future tall buildings would need toprovide another means of safer egressto facilitate speedier evacuation thatallows all people, include those whohave difficulty or no ability of usingstairs to get out of building in extremeemergencies. Such an emergency exitsystem for everyone would simultane-ously grants occupants their right toevacuate, maximize the escape poten-tial of the elderly and people with dis-abilities while giving priority thefirefighters to focus on fire suppression.


26

Picture courtesy of Escape Consult Mobiltex(S) PTE. Ltd

Picture courtesy of Escape Consult Mobiltex (S) PTE. Ltd

CONCLUSION

Fortunately, rare occurrence ofmajor hazards in high rise buildingsmeans that more often than not, thereal-life experience of high rise res-cue, mass evacuation and evacuat-ing people with disabilities underurgent circumstances is not tasted.But when they do occur, a safe strat-egy would be to get as many peopleevacuated out of a blazing high risein a predetermined evacuation planthan having to depend on firefightersto perform height rescue operations.This approach is the only acceptableway in guaranteeing life safetyprevention.

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:32 am Page 26


27

APF p. 16-35 11/21/06 2:27 PM Page 27

CHINA FIRE 2004China’s 10th Fire Equipment Technol-ogy Conference & Exhibition is goingto be carried out ceremoniously in thetheme of “Innovation, Cooperation &Development”, hosted by China FireProtection Association in October19–22, 2004 in Beijing, P. R. China.Being a superior event of the field,China Fire aims to provide a goldenplatform for peers from all over theworld to expose their products,exchange their views and make cooper-ation, especially on aspects of productinformation, technical innovation andindustrial development.

Since 1986, CFPA has organizedCHINA FIRE every other year in Beijing,China, and 9 in total successfully. CHINAFIRE enjoys a worldwide reputation,meanwhile, extends its influence on thefire protection industry internationally.The latest CHINA FIRE was held in 2002,with an exhibition area up to 25,000square meters, and over 300 exhibitors(fire protection product manufacturersand academic institutes) from 15 coun-tries and regions, bringing along withtheir high-tech products and technology,including 24 categories and thousands oftypes and models. Over 70,000 visitorsfrom 30 countries and regions wereattracted to the event to discuss theirbusiness. Top officials from the StateCouncil were invited to cut the ribbon atthe opening ceremony. Heads of overseascivil fire protection organizations and

embassy officials from foreign countriesalso attended. Officials from relevantauthorities in charge of fire safety,finance, public security, insurance, plan-ning, construction etc., over the nationwere invited to the event and made gov-ernment procurement. During the event,we also carried out series of technical andacademic seminars with great success.

As China accelerates its pace in eco-nomic reform, the nation is undergoingspeedy development in economy and cityconstruction, and the Government hasbeen making more and more invest-ments on improving fire protection facil-ities and equipments for our cities.Beijing has been honored to hostOlympic Game in year 2008 and thescale of infrastructure construction ofthis great event is estimated to be up to

US$ 45 billion. Shanghai will be the hostof World EXPO 2010. The new wave ofconstruction is calling for a considerableamount of high-tech fire protectionproducts and creates a potential marketfor fire safety industry. Hence it is a per-fect time for overseas fire protectionenterprises and manufacturers to jointhis promising and enormous market.

CHINA FIRE 2004, a great event fullof opportunities and hopes. We hereensure you our sincerity in cooperatingwith fire protection manufacturers andexperts from both home and overseasand making every effort to contributeto the development of the industry.

Sun LunPresident,

China Fire Protection Association


28

CHARACTER● CFPA is a legally registered national social organi-

zation, an academic and non-profit society formedby those who are engaged in fire technology, firescience, fire research and education, as well as fireprotection enterprises.

● CFPA is an organization member of ChinaAssociation of Science and Technology.

● The members of CFPA are composed of personalmembers, group members and foreign members.There are more than 30,000 personal memberscoming from all the places of the country, and over2,300 group members.

MISSION● To extend fire academic exchange and promote the

development of fire science and fire engineering.● To undertake or participate the evaluation and attes-

tation on fire science and technology project, and thedrafting and amendment of fire codes and standards.

● To organize conferences, seminars, exhibitions andtechnical training relating to fire science and tech-nology, and promote the advanced fire technologyand products locally and overseas.

● To facilitate the cooperation and exchange of infor-mation relating to fire science and technologyinternationally, and develop the friendly relation-ship with foreign fire protection association, orga-nization and individuals.

EXECUTIVE OFFICES & COMMITTEES CFPA is established as 4 offices, 3 executive commit-tees, 7 professional committees, 4 fire protection sub-guilds, and a special committee composed of localwell-recognized experts as well.

CFPA publishes three journals, and host one websitewww.china-fire.com.

CFPA develops international communions and activi-ties together with foreign organizations as follows:

● National Fire Protection Association, USA

● Japan Firemen’s Association

● Association for the Promotion of the German FireSafety -vfdb-

● Fire Protection Association of Australia

● France Association of France-China Fire Friendship

● Korea Fire Safety Association

● Association of Philippine Volunteer Fire Brigades,Inc.

● Australian Building Codes Board

● Federation of World Volunteer FirefightersAssociations

● Confederation of Fire Protection Association –International

● International Association for Fire Safety Science

● Federation Nationale des Sapeurs-Pompiers deFrance

ABOUT CHINA FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:33 am Page 28

ADVANTAGES● CHINA FIRE is the most impressive

and superior fire protection exhibi-tion in China on an internationallevel, with the largest numbers ofexhibitors and visitors from domesticand overseas.

● CHINA FIRE is the perfect combina-tion of new products display,technical seminar and business coop-eration. It is an international plat-form for fire enterprises to carry outtechnology innovation, technical andacademic exchange and businessdiscussion.

● CHINA FIRE attracted over 70,000visitors in year 2002, who came fromindustries/institutes/relevant authori-ties relating to fire safety technology,products and equipment all over thecountry.

● CHINA FIRE is not only supported byFire Department of Ministry of PublicSecurity, the supreme authority forfire protection in China, but also byinternational well-know associationsi.e. NFPA, Association for the Promo-tion of the German Fire Safety -vfdb-, Japan Firemen’s Association,Korea Fire Safety Association, FranceAssociation of France-China FireFriendship etc.

● CHINA FIRE has been carried out 9times since 1986 with great success,keeping a long-term cooperative rela-tionship with international fire pro-tection enterprises and organizations.

OTHER SERVICES*Designated transportation agency offer-ing professional services for the exhibitorswith transportation and Customs declarefor the items on display.

Designated contractor offering quali-fied on-site installation and decoration.*Please contact us for further information.


29

EXHIBITOR SHOWCASE OFPRODUCTS & TECHNOLOGIES● Communication & Lighting Equipment for

Firefighting ● Emergency & Rescue Tools and Equipment● Extinguishers ● Fire Engines, Fire Boat, Fire Tank, Fire Planes,

Fire Robots● Fire Detectors & Fire Alarm● Fire Pumps & Valves● Fire Hydrant, Fire Gun & Monitor● Fire Doors & Curtains● Fire-stops, Fire Coating & Spray● Fire Resistant Elements & Accessories● Fire Apparatus for Petrochemical, Forest &

Aviation● Fire Engineering Design & Installation● High Effective Extinguishing Agent &

Equipment● Hose & Nozzle Equipment● Protective Clothing & Breathing Apparatus● Smoke Control Systems & Poison-proofing

Equipment● Sprinkler Systems

TOPICS FOR TECHNICAL SEMINAR1. Fire Technology for High-rise & Large Space

Buildings 2. Fire Technology for Petrochemical Industry3. Technology & Application of Fire Detection,

Alarm & Extinguishing Systems4. Fire Technology for Energy Sources &

Transportation5. Firefighting Communication Technology6. Fire Fighting Apparatus & Appliances7. Research & Application of Fire Retardant

Products & Materials8. Fire Protection Product Standards & Testing

Technology9. Fire Protection Theory10. Emergency Response & Fire Protection

Measures

Information Center

CHINA FIRE PROTECTIONASSOCIATION

No. 14 Dong Chang An Street,Beijing 100741 P. R. China

Tel: 86-10-87675324Fax: 86-10-87684914E-mail: chinafireinfo@

china-fire.com.cnhttp:// www.china-fire.comhttp: //EXHIB.china-fire.com

Based on the success and experiences achieved from the previous 9 shows, China Fire Protection Association would like tooffer our professional service as always, providing the best platform to fire protection enterprises for spreading yourinformation, to discuss your business and exchange professional views with each other, as well as a vast arena to exposeadvanced fire technology and fire protection products.

Statistic of Visitors Composition of China Fire 2002

Statistic of Visitors of Previous China Fire

Construction AuthorityReal Estate DevelopersManufacturesPetrochemicalOthers

100000

90000

80000

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0

Num

ber

of V

isito

rs

21000

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th

24000

38000 36000

4900054000 55000

6300071000

2%1%

6%

15%

10% 20%

19%

10%2%7%2%2%4%

Fire Service Dept.Fire Engineering/InstallationMiningElectric/Electron

Design/Research/Accreditation BodiesDistributorsMetallurgicalStorage/Transportation

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:34 am Page 29


30

www.amkus.com

Fighting for lives...We’re in it together.

Global Representation

RESCUE SYSTEMS

Ph: 1.630.515.1800Fax: 1.630.515.8866

[email protected]

The LUKAS LS 530 EN is offering the cuttingforce fire brigades have long been waiting for.Superior and uncompromising performancefor casualty recovery out of the most modern

cars, trucks and busses.Reinforced posts or strongest side impactprotections are no barreers for the LUKASPremium cutters with 70 tons cutting force.

More than 70 tons cutting forcefor casualty recovery

LUKAS Hydraulik GmbHA Unit of IDEX CorporationWeinstraße 39 · 91058 Erlangen · GermanyTel. +49 (0) 91 31/698-0 · Fax +49 (0) 91 31/69 83 94Internet: www.lukas.de · e-mail: [email protected]

Round bar up to dia. 38 mm

283 mm

�

�

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:34 am Page 30

RESCUE CUTTERSSHOWCASE

MODEL 25E AMKUS SPEEDWAY CUTTER

AMKUS Rescue Systems is proud tointroduce the Model 25E AMKUSSpeedway Cutter. The powerful, versa-tile Speedway Cutter is designed for

racing, but lends itself to everydayvehicle rescue. This long blade, wideopening cutter covers the need for con-tinuous cutting such as “B” and “C”posts, third doors and roofs.

For further information, please contact:AMKUS, Inc.2700 Wisconsin St.Downers GroveIL 60515USATel: +1 630 515 1800 Fax: +1 630 515 8866E-mail: [email protected]: www.amkus.com

HOLMATRO’S CU 3035 CUTTER COMBINES HIGH PERFORMANCE

WITH LOW WEIGHT

Although stronger cutters are availablefrom Holmatro® their CU 3035 model isthe favourite choice of many rescuersworldwide. The cutter owes its popu-larity to a combination of low weightand high cutting performances. Beingavailable with two different types ofblades, General Purpose (GP) or NewCar Technology (NCT™), the CU 3035cutters offer rescuers the choicebetween a high performance on a vari-ety of applications (with GP blades) or

a maximum cutting result on modernvehicle constructions (with NCT™blades).

The CU 3035 cutter with GP bladeshas been developed for ‘general pur-pose’ use, i.e. in many different rescuesituations. As it has a high cuttingscore on a variety of materials and pro-files, this type is suitable for a widerange of applications which include notonly road traffic accidents but alsoindustrial accidents, accidents in anurban environment, train accidents etc.

The same cutter with NCT™ bladeshas been specially designed to dealwith new car technologies: the applica-tion of harder materials and reinforcedconstructions in modern vehicles. Newcar technologies better protect the livesof vehicle occupants in case of an acci-dent, but at the same time make itmuch more difficult to free those occu-pants once they get entrapped. A hightheoretical cutting force does not auto-matically mean that a cutter is suitableto cut the latest car models. The CU3035 NCT™ cutter (next to other cut-ters in Holmatro’s NCT™ series) hasbeen equipped with blades which per-form better on the harder materials andtougher constructions of modern veh-icles. The special shape of these bladesensures that the material is drawn into


31

AMKUS Model 25E Speedway Cutter

Holmatro CU 3035 cutter

Specifications:Maximum Cutting Force: 60,000 lbs. (266.9 kN)Maximum Cutter Opening at tips: 7.0 in. (178 mm)Maximum Cutter Opening at center: 8.0 in. (203 mm)Weight: 34.0 lbs. (15.4 kg)Length: 23.5 in. (597 mm)Width: 9.0 in. (229 mm)Depth: 7.5 in. (191 mm)

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:34 am Page 31

the central (i.e. strongest) cutting areawhere maximum performances can beachieved. As this cutter type makes useof its force effectively, it has enoughexcess capacity left to be used onfuture, even stronger, car constructions.

Both GP and NCT™ types of the CU3035 cutter have a low ready-for-useweight of 15.0 and 14.8 kg respective-ly. This makes them easy to carry to theextrication scene and easy to manageduring the rescue operation. The com-bination of its low weight, its availabil-ity in a GP and NCT™ type to suitdifferent application areas and its highperformance in all of these areas makesit clear why Holmatro’s CU 3035 cutteris such a popular choice among res-cuers all over the world.

For further information, please contact:Holmatro Rescue EquipmentP.O. Box 334940 AA RaamsdonksveerThe NetherlandsPhone: +31 162 589 200Fax: +31 162 522 482E-mail: [email protected]: www.holmatro.com

HURST JAWS OF LIFE RESCUE SYSTEMS

HURST cutters provide maximum cut-ting force and total flexibility with avast variety of models.The perfect bladefor any application. Universal tools formost rescue jobs, tools specialised fortraffic accidents, for steel walls andmetal profiles.

Features:● Range of blade shapes for all extri-

cation needs● Compact, lightweight design● Wrap-around chrome-plated handle

provides balance and ease ofhandling

● Safety engineered control valve loca-tion prevents inadvertent jammingduring operation

● “Deadman”control valve

Challenge Cutter 200This is a powerful curved blade cutterfor a variety of different applications.The tool pulls back the metal in orderto use the maximum cutting force. Per-fect capability for all cutting needs in

traffic accidents or rescue operationsinside buildings.

Challenge Cutter 301This tool is especially designed for cuttingjobs in traffic accidents involving busesand lorries. It features both a wide open-ing and an enormous cutting force. Theshape of the blade was specifically engi-neered for the geometry of sheet metalparts and roof rails in modern vehicles.

The Challenge Cutter 301 gives youthe security of being well prepared forthe cutting challenges of the vehiclesof tomorrow.

Challenge Cutter 330Providing the largest cutter opening,the Challenge Cutter 330 specialises incutting metal sheets and metal profiles.Perfect for opening the metal walls ofe.g. railway cars or buses.

For further information, please contact:Hurst Jaws of Life Rescue Systems HALE PRODUCTS, INC.A Unit of IDEX Corporation711 N. Post RoadShelbyNC 28150USAPhone: +1 704 487 6961Fax: +1 704 487 7271Email: [email protected]: www.jawsoflife.com

LUKAS® LS 501 EN

Cutting force more than 69 t

Cuts round steel up to 37 mm/1.5 in.

The LUKAS Premium Cutter LS 501 ENfeatures the ultimate combination ofmonster force, the large blade openingand a lengthened cutting edge. Theshape of the blades is optimized forvehicles parts.

The tool offers much more cuttingperformance than required for extrica-tion of trapped casualties out of mod-ern vehicles with highest stabilitydesign. By ergonomically designedblades the material is moved to thecenter of motion, where cutting forcesare the highest.

Recommended applications:● Tackling heaviest rescue operations

such as modern cars, truck or busconstructions

● Cutting reinforced A- and B- wideC-posts of modern passenger veh-icles and all-known side-impact bars

● Responding to large-scale rescue sit-uations such as railroad, aircraft,naval accidents, natural disasters andbuilding collapses.

● Cutting manholes in steel walls

Highlights:● Offers the ultimate cutting perfor-

mance● optimum shape of the blades to cut

vehicle parts● The ergonomically designed blades

pull the material towards the centerof motion, where cutting forces arethe highest

● Weighing only 19,2 kg at a cuttingforce of more than 69 t.


32

Hurst Challenge Cutter 301



Lukas LS 501 EN

Lukas LS 501 EN

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:35 am Page 32

● Precise tool operation with your fin-gertips in any position

● Fast opening and closing actionspeeds up the rescue

● Operator safety design – all movingmechanical parts are covered

● Regrindable blades● Tool fully balanced● Well known LUKAS Quality and long

service life● Innovative technology by world’s

largest manufacturer of HydraulicRescue Equipment

Premium CutterTechnical DataCutting force up to 152,900 lbs/680 kN

Round steel material up to dia. 1.4 in.–1.5 in./35–38 mm

Blade opening: 7.2 in./182 mm

Oil requirement: 9.2 cu. in./150 cm3

Dimensions: 30.4 x 9.6 x 6.5 in/

772 x 245 x 165 mm

Weight: 42.3 lbs/19,2 kg

For more information, please contact:Lukas Hydraulik GmbHA unit of IDEX CorporationWeinstrasse 3991058 ErlangenGermanyTel: +49 91 31 698 0Fax: +49 91 31 698 394E-mail: [email protected]: www.lukas.de

NEW HYDRAULIC CUTTING TOOLS FROM NIKE HYDRAULICS

NIKE HYDRAULICS has recentlylaunched two hydraulic Cutting tools tothe market, DHS150 and DHS240. Thenew tools meet the demands of a highcutting capability in high-tensile steelstructure, that are used when manufac-turing e.g. modern passenger cars andtruck cabins etc.

The Cutting tools has been tested bythe Swedish Rescue Service AgencyAcademy and proved to be able to“cope with the toughest task you canmeet today”. When testing the newhydraulic cutting tool DHS150 fromNIKE HYDRAULICS one of the objectswas the new SUV, Volvo XC90.

During the test the used cuttingforce was measured when cutting

strategic points on the VolvoXC90. At no point more than 20-75%

of the maximum cutting force wasused. The toughest parts were middleand lower part of B-post and lowerpart of C-post.


33

Nike Hydraulics DHS150

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:35 am Page 33

The hydraulic body from Combi toolDHK45/370, which is a success story init self, has been used for the twohydraulic Cutting tools, DHS150 andDHS240. This hydraulic body is well-tried as it was included in five hundredHydraulic Rescue Kits, delivered to theSwedish Rescue Services Agency, someyears ago.

Since the demands of the rescueservice changes over time, NIKEHYDRAULICS has the unique possibilityto modify the tool from an “ordinary”Cutting tool to a Combi tool or viceversa by just changing the blades.

The high cutting performance thathas been achieved by DHS150 andDHS240 is due to the combination ofan excellent hydraulic body and adeveloped cutting blade design.

In order to meet the demands fromend users, DHS150 has a general cut-ting blade design as “a parrot beakshape”. This means a high cutting forceand an ability to force the materialintended to be cut, into an area werethe cutting force reach its maximum.

The hydraulic Cutting tool DHS240meets the demands for an all-roundtool and has a general cutting blade

design as “an eagle beak shape” whichin turn means a long reach, in the mainstraight blades and extreme high cut-ting force in the notch.

For more information, please contact:Nike Hydraulics ABP.O. Box 1107SE – 63180 EskiltunaSwedenTel: +46 16 16 8200Fax: +46 16 13 93 16E-mail: [email protected]: www.nikehydraulics.com

HRS-92 RESCUE SYSTEM

The Ogura HRS-92 battery-poweredrescue system is designed to providethe Emergency and Security Serviceswith a powerful, versatile, lightweight,and extremely portable set of tools fora variety of rescue situations. Thisunique system fills the gap left by moretraditional heavy-duty tools that arenot suitable for every situation becauseof weight, size, access difficulties, andother limitations,

The system is based around the elec-tro-hydraulic Pump Unit and three Tool

Heads (bar cutter, spreader, and metalcutter) that can be connected directlyto the pump unit for normal operationor via a hose if greater flexibility inconfined spaces is required. Anotherfeature of the system is that it can beused under water when the optionalwaterproof sleeve is fitted to the PumpUnit. This design approach makes thesystem ideal for further expansion andin the near future there are plans toadd a rabbit tool, jack, and ram. Wherea customer has a special requirementOgura is able to offer a “one off” tooldesign service.

The widely available Makita stylebattery that powers the system clipsinto the base of the pistol grip stylehandle where it is easily removed forcharging or changing. Battery mainte-nance is made easier by the Ni-MHbatteries that are memory resistant andthe “intelligent battery charger” thatprevents over charging.

Once on site there is no set-up timeand the tools are ready for immediatedeployment. In operation there are notrailing hoses (when tool head connect-ed directly to the pump unit) or cablesto limit freedom of movement.


34

Ogura HRS-92 rescue system

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:36 am Page 34

The HRS-92 Rescue system comes intwo carrying cases complete with:Pump Unit; Metal Cutter Head;Spreader Head; Bar Cutter; Battery;Battery Charger; Extension Hose;Spanners. The total weight of the sys-tem is 30kg.

For more information, please contact:Ogura & Co. Ltd.2661 Hongo Ebina CityKanagawa Pref 24300417JapanTel: +81 46 238 1285Fax: +81 46 238 4188E-mail: [email protected]: www.oguramulticutter.com

RESQ 210 CUTTER: UNIQUE BLADE CONFIGURATION

Zumro ResQ, the Netherlands, hasinvented another excellent piece ofequipment for getting victims safelyout of new car technology: the ResQ210 Cutter with its unique blade con-figuration. The excellent maximumopening of 206 mm and overlap of the

blades result in the best cutting experi-ence. The unique combination of theshark teeth and the curved tips of theblades make it possible for this ResQ210 cutter to grab the material firmlyso that it cannot slip away during cut-ting actions.

This lightweight cutter has a maxi-mum cutting force of 53.5 tonneswhich makes it a heavy duty cutter. TheResQ 210 cutter can cut round bars of35 mm and flat bars with a dimensionof 100 x 15 mm.

Just like all Zumro hydraulic rescueequipment, this cutter also is accordingto prEN 13204.

In order to develop the best rescue

solution, Zumro ResQ constantly listensto its customers. Due to this interactionZumro stays ahead in the latestupdates that are necessary to create themost reliable tools for the rescue ser-vices all over the world.

For further information, please contact:Zumro BVP.O. Box 2152160 AE LisseThe NetherlandsTel: +31 252 419002Fax: +31 252 411794E-mail: [email protected]: www.zumroresq.com


35

Zumro ResQ 210 Cutter

APF p. 16-35 9/11/06 11:36 am Page 35

Advert/p36 9/11/06 11:37 am Page 1

The nighttime accident was China’sworst oilfield disaster. The toxiccloud drifted across villages, killing

people in their beds or in fields or roadsas they tried to flee, leaving behindwhat authorities described as a 10-square mile “death-zone” downwind ofthe blowout.

A government report issued on Janu-ary 2 concluded the drillers improperlydismantled anti-blowout equipment,misjudged the amount of gas in the welland failed to spot the blowout. Thecrew failed to immediately ignite thegas as it began to escape, which wouldhave prevented the toxic cloud fromspreading. Emergency workers couldn’tapproach the area until more than a dayafter the disaster because they lackedproper equipment to cope with the gasthat continued to gush from the well.According to the Xinhua state newsagency, the gas that continued toescape from the well was not deliberately

ignited until 16-hours after theblowout, which was one of the reasonswhy the death toll from the accidentsurged from an initial eight victims tothe final total of 243. Had local villagersbeen alerted through a system of sirensor public alarms, many more might havehad time to successfully escape from therelatively slow moving cloud. When res-cuers were finally able to enter the area,they found whole villages filled withbodies. Technicians finally plugged theleaking well on December 27, but therepercussions of the disaster will be feltfor many years to come.

The oil company with responsibilityfor the site has already paid out over 33million Yuan ($3.9 million USD) in com-pensation to the victims. According toXinhua, compensation and insurancesettlement costs may eventually exceed$48 million USD. The grief and suffer-ing caused by the accident go beyondany efforts to quantify the damage.

Sour gas a deadly oilfield threat indeveloped nations alsoThe hazards of sour gas are by nomeans restricted to developing nations.In 1982, a sour gas well blew near thesmall town of Lodgepole in SouthernAlberta, Canada and pumped sour gasinto the air for 67 days. Two workerswere killed and thousands of peopledownwind of the blowout were affectedby the release. In Edmonton, over 75miles away from the blowout, residentscomplained of nauseating odors, whilecloser to the well site, residents com-plained of a variety of increasingly seri-ous symptoms, including headaches, eyeirritation, nosebleeds (especially amongchildren), as well as gastrointestinal andrespiratory distress.

After a high-profile inquiry, Albertaofficials concluded that the accidentcould probably have been avoided if thesite operator had followed a policy ofmore cautious drilling in the criticalzone, and if they had been “better pre-pared to deal with unexpected develop-ments.” It was fortunate that theblowout occurred in a remote location.Had the blowout occurred in a produc-tion area on the outskirts of Calgary, thelargest city in the Province, the resultscould have been Catastrophic.

Today Alberta has some of the


37

Stand-alone gas detection systems can be equipped with radio transmitters that allow real-time monitoring results to be wirelesslytransmitted to a base station or control room located kilometers away from the remotely located detectors.

Sour Gas:The Deadly

OilfieldThreat

Sour Gas:The Deadly

OilfieldThreat

ON DECEMBER 23, 2003 a gas well blowout near the city of Chongqing incentral China released a deadly mixture of natural gas and hydrogen sulfide.The toxic cloud of “sour gas” killed 243, caused the hospitalization andtreatment of more than 9,000, and the evacuation of more than 60,000nearby residents. Only two of those killed were gas field employees. The restwere residents of the surrounding area. Local emergency responders werecompletely unprepared for the accident.

By Robert Henderson,BW Technologies

APF p. 37-50 9/11/06 11:40 am Page 37

toughest H2S health and safety regula-tions in the world. Provincial oil industrystandards include a comprehensive sys-tem of monitoring and reporting proce-dures. In the case of “critical wells” thatpose the greatest risks because of H2Sconcentration and/or proximity to pop-ulation centers, well operators mustinstall redundant safety equipment, pre-pare detailed emergency-response plans,go door-to-door to warn residents ofimpending drilling and maintain mini-mum separation distances from homesand public buildings. Most importantly,in the event of a release, evacuation ofthe surrounding area becomes manda-tory if the hydrogen sulfide concentra-tion reaches 20 parts per million.

Toxic properties of H2SH2S is produced by the action of anaer-obic, sulfur fixing bacteria on materialsthat contain sulfur. It is a constituent ofnatural gas, petroleum, sulfur deposits,volcanic gases and sulfur springs. It isespecially associated with oil produc-tion, refining activities, sewers, andmany types of confined spaces. Tragi-cally, hardly a week goes by that does

not include a fatal accident somewherein the world due to H2S exposure.

At low concentrations, H2S famouslyhas an odor similar to rotten eggs. At

higher concentrations, H2S rapidly dead-ens the sense of smell. This rapid loss ofthe ability to smell H2S leaves workersdefenseless when they are dependentonly on their human senses to takepreventive measures or escape fromaffected areas.

At 750 ppm, inhalation can causeimmediate collapse and unconscious-ness. If exposure is very brief, for exam-ple, transitory envelopment by a passinggas cloud, the victim may awakenpromptly and experience no adverseeffects at all. In industries where hydro-gen sulfide exposure is commonplace,for example oil field work, employeesoften refer to this phenomenon as“knockdown”. A single breath at a con-centration of 1,000 ppm results inimmediate loss of consciousness, fol-lowed by cardiac arrest and death unlessthe unconscious individual is success-fully revived. Many of the villagers killedin the China disaster died in their sleep,without even an opportunity to attemptto escape.

H2S is soluble in water, explosive, (itsLEL concentration is 4.3% volume), cor-rosive, heavier than air, and highly toxic.The China blowout occurred in a moun-tainous area crisscrossed by a number ofdownward sloping valleys. The valleyshelped contain and funnel the heavierthan air H2S into nearby villages. Thecloud persisted in localized areas untileventually neutralized by rain.

The corrosive properties of H2S wereespecially apparent in newspaper photosof the victims of the China disaster.Many had eyes swollen shut, with faceshorribly burned by exposure to the


38

Today’s four-gas monitors for LEL/02/H2S/CO measurement are rugged, affordable,and more compact than many single-sensor H2S detectors sold in previous years.

Sour Gas: The Deadly Oilfield Threat

Sour Gas: The Deadly Oilfield Threat

Federal USA OSHA PEL

8-Hour STEL Acceptable Acceptable Maximum Peak Above TWA Ceiling Ceiling Concentration for an

Concentration 8-Hour Shift

Concentration Maximum Duration

NA

10 ppm 15 ppm NA

NA 20 ppm 50 ppm 10-minutesonce only if noothermeasurableexposureoccurs duringshift

NIOSH REL (used as exposure limit by many states)

ACGIH® TLV®

10 ppm 15 ppm NA

APF p. 37-50 17/11/06 11:42 am Page 38

$695US

Over 65% of confined space fatalitiesOver 65% of confined space fatalities

are would-be rescuers.are would-be rescuers.

Protect yourself from becoming a victim.Protect yourself from becoming a victim.

www.gasmonitors.com

Over 65% of confined space fatalities

are would-be rescuers.

Protect yourself from becoming a victim.

Dangerous atmospheric conditions can persist and turn rescuers into victims. Ensure the air you breathe is safe with the world’s most popular con�ned space detector, the GasAlertMicro. • simultaneously displays H2S, CO, O2 and combustibles (%LEL) • high-output audible, visual and vibrating alarms • ultra-compact (211g) and durable • low, high, TWA and STEL alarm settings • compatible with MicroDock—automatic test and calibration station • starting at only $695US

China +852-2974-1783South East Asia +65-687-39813Int’l Direct +1-403-248-9226 [email protected]

NEW GA MicroBatt Charger

VictimMicro.ai 2/19/2004 1:21:20 PMAdvert/p39 9/11/06 11:41 am Page 1

corrosive vapors. Many more have suffered permanent damageto delicate lung tissues exposed to the gas. For many survivorsthere will never be a full recovery.

Exposure limits for H2S vary widely as a function of jurisdic-tion and workplace activity. The most widely recognized stan-dards for H2S reference an 8-hour TWA of 10 ppm or 20 ppm,and a 15-minute STEL of no more than 15 ppm. Concen-trations above 100 ppm should be regarded as immediatelydangerous to life and health.

Using atmospheric monitors as part of an integratedplan to ensure worker AND community safetyThe only way of being sure that hydrogen sulfide is not pre-sent in dangerous concentrations is to look for it with anatmospheric monitor designed for its detection.

● Zero maintenance personal H2S detectorsElectrochemical H2S sensors are not consumed or affected byexposure to gas. Because they require so little power during

normal operation, it is possible to package the sensor, an LCDto display readings and messages, audible alarm buzzer, built-in vibrator, flashing LED alarm light, and battery capable oflasting a full two years, all into a gas detector so compact itcan be clipped into a shirt pocket, or worn on a hard hat.Because the presence of H2S is such a predictable hazard, atmany oil production sites and refineries every worker isrequired to wear a personal gas detector for H2S at all timeswhile they are on site. Wearing an H2S “Clip” or “Badge” atthese facilities is as routine as wearing a hardhat and eyeprotection.

● Multi-sensor “four-gas” monitors The potential presence of H2S often goes hand-in-hand withthe potential for combustible gas and vapor accumulations, aswell as oxygen deficiency. Most leading manufacturers offerhigh quality, basic four-gas monitors priced between $695.00to $995,00 USD. In many cases, the cost is only marginallymore than the cost for a single-sensor H2S detector. In addi-tion, four-gas instrument designs have become so compactthat they are actually smaller than the single-gas detectorsmarketed only a few years previously.

● Fixed gas detection systemsFixed detection systems provide alarm notification on a 24-hour a day basis. Alarms are activated whenever conditionsbecome unsafe, whether or not workers are currently presentin the affected areas. In particular, fixed systems can be usedto automatically notify local authorities in the event of anemergency. Even if workers in the area are incapacitated, orunable to communicate the existence of the alarm condition, apermanently installed system can sound the alarm to theproper authorities.

● Self-contained “Stand Alone” monitoring systemsSeveral manufacturers offer freestanding, solar-powered gasdetection systems that can be permanently located in remoteareas. “Stand Alone” systems can be equipped with radiotransmitters that allow real-time monitoring results to be wire-lessly transmitted to a base station or remote alarm locatedseveral kilometers away from the remotely located detectors.Because these systems can be powered by means of solar pan-els, they can easily be installed in areas that are too remote fortraditional, line-powered gas detection systems. Because theycan be mounted on portable tripods, it’s easy to move the sys-tems from one location to another as requirements change.

Gas detectors used to monitor for the presence of H2S areincreasingly compact, rugged, easy-to-use, and much lessexpensive than ever before. It may literally be less expensive tobuy an entirely new instrument at today’s prices, than toreplace just the sensors in an older model. Given the preva-lence, dangers and human costs associated with H2S accidents,hydrogen sulfide detection should be an integral part of everyoil industry worker safety program.


40

Robert Henderson is Vice President, BusinessDevelopment for BW Technologies. Mr. Henderson hasbeen a member of the American Industrial HygieneAssociation since 1992. He is a current member of theAIHA Gas and Vapor Detection Systems TechnicalCommittee. He is also a current member and past chair ofthe AIHA Confined Spaces Committee. He is also a pastchair of the Instrument Products Group of the IndustrialSafety Equipment Association.

APF p. 37-50 9/11/06 11:41 am Page 40


41

Hale Products Europe LimitedA Unit of IDEX CorporationCharles Street, WarwickCV34 5LR England

Tel: +44 (0)1926 623600Fax: +44 (0)1926 623666/623689Email: [email protected]

World SeriesPump withintegrated CAFSCAFS output direct fromthe main vehicle pump dischargeState-of-the-art technology

CAFS Range -a solution for every need

MiniCAFS -Retro-fittable unitOperates from any pumpEasily fits into side lockers

Also available as separate components forinstallation at vehicle build stage (MCP50 model)

Compressed Air Foam (CAFS) is increasingly seen as the solution formore efficient and more effective firefighting. Whatever your operationalrequirements HALE have the right CAFS configuration for you.

Firefighting with CAFS means improved knock downtimes with reduced water and environmental damage

APF p. 37-50 9/11/06 11:42 am Page 41

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Enquiry card no. 34

Advert/p42 9/11/06 11:42 am Page 1

All decontamination systems, by their very nature, produce poten-tially hazardous waste, which

must be collected, stored and disposedof safely. The fact that the majority ofthese systems are portable and may bedeployed in widely differing and oftenless than perfect locations compoundsthe problem for equipment designers.They have to balance the practicalnecessity of a portable and easilydeployed unit with the need to safelycollect and contain wash-off andminimise the risk of environmentalcontamination.

It is no longer considered environ-mentally acceptable to discharge wash-off into the main drainage system,except when handling very low-leveltoxic waste whose concentration hasfirst been reduced to a safe level. How-ever, conscious of the potential threatfrom accumulated discharges, legislators

are regularly redefining ‘safe levels’ and tightening up the regulationsaccordingly.

The safest solution is to collect allwash-off.

Decontamination shelters, designedfor mass decontamination, have a builtin sump to collect the wash-off. The

floor of the unit consists of plasticfloor panels laid in the sump. They areof sufficient depth to ensure that casu-alties are not standing in the collectedwash-off even if the unit has to beassembled on a slight incline.

A similar integral sump is also fitted,which is primarily designed for decont-aminating members of the emergencyservices and their equipment, althoughit can be used for members of the pub-lic. In this instance, the sump extendsbeyond the exit so that as emergencypersonnel remove their suits, any resid-ual contamination can be collectedsafely.

The collected wash-off is thenpumped to portable storage to await


43

Hughes CUPOLAdecon 5 mass decontamination system with integral sump

Environmental Issuesfor Decontamination

THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE DECONTAMINATION has grown immensely overthe last few years. In part, this is due to the natural progress of industry,which inevitably introduces new hazards, but it is also driven by theheightened threat of indiscriminate terrorist action.

The latter cause has spurred on the development of mass decontaminationsystems capable of handling several hundred people an hour. As a result ofthe intense research, many of the techniques and hardware, initiallydeveloped for mass decontamination systems, are now used on other systems.

It is no longer consideredenvironmentally acceptable todischarge wash-off into the maindrainage system, except whenhandling very low-level toxic wastewhose concentration has first beenreduced to a safe level.

Environmental Issuesfor Decontamination

By John Jones

•••••••••••••••

•••••••••••••••

APF p. 37-50 9/11/06 11:43 am Page 43

removal from the scene. Pumps, usually low pressure, highvolume units, need to be of sufficient size to cope with theflow of water. There are basically two types; submersible, thesimplest option, which goes inside the unit and the centrifu-gal pump, which is outside the unit affording easier access.

Palletised waste receptacles offer one of the most conve-nient solutions combining portability with a reasonablecapacity. When full, they can be stacked up to two high andwhen empty they fold flat on their pallets for easy storageready for rapid deployment. As well as collecting wash-offdirectly from decontamination showers, the waste receptaclescan be used for safe storage of contaminated clothing andequipment. The units are made from heavy-duty wovenpolypropylene with integral side pockets into which MDFpanels are fitted to form a rigid structure. The receptacle hasa capacity of 1 cubic metre or will hold up to 1000 litres ofcontaminated water and can be moved easily using a forklifttruck or can be lifted with slings.

Portable reservoirs offer an alternative, particularly wherelarger volumes are concerned.


44

Palletised waste receptacles combine portability with a 1000 litre capacity

The extended sump of the Hughes CUPOLAdecon 2 containsresidual wash off during removal of clothing

Trelleborg Protective Products ABP.O. Box 1520,

SE-271 00 YstadPhone: +46 411 67940

Fax: +46 411 15285www.trelleborg.com/protective

[email protected]

Trelleborg S.E.A. Pte Ltd10 Toh Guan Road #03-06

International TradeparkSingapore 608838

Phone: +65 6 8989 332Fax: +65 6 8989 303

www.trelleborg.com/[email protected]

Environmental Issuesfor DecontaminationEnvironmental Issuesfor Decontamination

APF p. 37-50 9/11/06 11:44 am Page 44

They are typically available in sizesfrom 250 to 25,000 litres, and in addi-tion to offering temporary storage forwash-off they can be used to containhazardous chemicals from leakingtanks. They are equally suited for useas holding tanks for storing water atremote locations for wash down or fire-fighting. Reservoirs can be deployed bysimply inflating an integral collar in thetop to establish the basic shape, thenconnecting a hose. As hazardous chem-icals or waste-water is pumped into thereservoir the rubber coated nylon wallsunfold and the unit gradually expands

to a uniform shape to accommodate itsmaximum capacity. An elasticated topfits around the collar, and is supportedon a float, which keeps the top clear ofthe surface and prevents rainwateraccumulating on the top.

However, these large reservoirs arenot intended to be moved when fulland the best option is to transfer thecontents to a palletised waste receptacle,which can then be moved easily.

In view of the cost difference, portablereservoirs are considered re-usable itemswhereas palletised receptacles can beeither re-usable or disposable depending

on the circumstances and the nature ofthe contained chemicals.

Pillow tanks have been used formany years and are more suited tolong-term storage. They remain a goodoption especially for situations where agravity feed is used. However, as thechoice of storage solutions increases,the disadvantages of the pillow tanktend to outweigh the benefits. Oneproblem is that it is difficult to assessthe level of liquid in the tank and thedifficulty of handling means there is anincreased risk of spillage. Gravity feedalso means that a residue of contami-nated liquid is always going to be pre-sent in the feed pipework after fillingand this inevitably poses a further con-tainment and disposal problem.


45

Portable reservoirs offer a larger capacity storage option

The collection and storage of haz-ardous waste is inextricably linkedto the development of decontamina-tion systems. Equipment manufac-turers recognise that to adequatelymeet the needs of a modern worldthey must offer a comprehensivesolution that takes into considerationboth security and environmentalissues.

Hughes Safety Showers Ltd.Whitefield Road Bredbury Stockport Cheshire SK6 2SS England

Telephone: +44 (0)161 430 6618 Fax: +44 (0)161 430 7928Email: [email protected] Web: www.hughes-safety-showers.co.uk

Selected by HM Government as the frontline general purpose decontamination showerfor chemical spillages and accidents

…also chosen for decontaminating the emergency services in case of CBRN incidents

• Designed for rapid deployment• Built to the highest standards• Robust and reliable• Proven track record

www.hughes-safety-showers.co.uk

For effective and efficient decontaminationcall the experts now on:

+44(0)161 430 6618DATTM 4070S FOUR LINE

MASS CASUALTY DECON SHOWER SYSTEM

FSI North AmericaTM

A Division of Fire Safety

International, Inc.TM

861 West Bagley Road Berea, OH USA 44017

Phone: 440/891-1523

Fax: 440/891-1562

E-mail: [email protected]

Web: www.fsinorth.com

FSI Three and Four Line Mass CasualtyDecon Shower Systems

While FSI offers multiple sizes of showersystems, the DATTM 3060S offers an integralground floor that will hold up to 200 gallons of water before requiring pump out, 4 roll up windows, 2 skylights, full closure slip in/out dirty entry/clean exit doors,four 14'' dia. HVAC/Clothes ducts, air inflationvalve & hose, pressure relief valve, pegs/rods/bag/tie downs, repair kit, manual, carry bag, 2 upper air vents, and an extra full center divider curtain to allow for changing the Shower to a 2 line non-ambulatory unit. The DATTM 3060S offers private dry undress/redress areas in a three line Decon Shower configuration 10' W x 20' L x 9' H (200 sq. ft.) that can handle combinations of up to 6 non-ambulatory, 2 ambulatory, 4 non-ambulatory and 1 ambulatory at any one time in the middle 10' x 10' area.

The DATTM 4070S offers an integral ground floor that will hold up to 300 gallons of waterbefore requiring pump out, 4 roll up windows, 2 skylights, full closure slip in/out dirtyentry/clean exit doors, four 14'' dia. HVAC/Clothes ducts, air inflation valve and hose,pressure relief valve, pegs/rods/bag/tie downs, repair kit, manual, carry bag and 2upper air vents. The unit can handle 4 non-ambulatory stretcher personnel, or up to 8ambulatory victims at any one time or any combination of the above in the middle 13' W x 10' L shower area. It offers private dry undress/redress areas in a 300 sq. ft. unit.

DATTM 3060S THREE LINE

MASS CASUALTY DECON SHOWER SYSTEM

APF p. 37-50 9/11/06 11:44 am Page 45


46

HALE PRODUCTS EUROPE is one ofthe world’s leading providers ofspecialist fire fighting equipment.

With extensive manufacturing facilities inthe United States and Europe, and dis-tributors throughout the world, HALEproduces truck mounted, trailer mountedand portable fire pumps. HALE is thehome of the internationally recognisedGODIVA brand of fire pumps, which areto be found in service in more than 100countries. Hale are particularly noted forinnovations in vehicle mounted pumps.Ever since the introduction of the firstmulti-pressure pump, the UMP in the mid1960s, the Godiva Fire Pump has beenthe first choice for virtually all UKbrigades and many overseas.

Multi-pressure PumpsThe Godiva World Series vehicle pump isproving a popular replacement for theprevious GM and UMP/UMPX Ranges –leading pump designs that have givenmany years of service to firefightersthroughout the world.

The major design feature of all Godivamulti-pressure pumps is the configurationof 2 impellers on one drive shaft. Thisarrangement permits a simple and com-pact design, eliminating the need for theadditional space associated with othermulti-stage pumps. The low pressure isprovided by a centrifugal impeller at thefront of the pump and the high pressurestage is located in a separate sectionbehind. The high pressure stage uses aregenerative or peripheral design to injectconsiderable energy in the water stream.

Other design features include a ball valveto activate/deactivate the high pressure,automatic pump priming with either awater ring primer or a piston primer and a self-adjusting mechanical seal on thepump shaft to separate the wet and dryparts of the pump. All these well-provenfeatures of the Godiva muliti-pressurepump are integral to the design of thelatest pump, the World Series range.

Key innovative features of the WorldSeries include:

● Completely new design introducesimproved efficiencies with robustconstruction

● Full compliance with anticipated newCEN standards

● Optional control panel – incorporatingClass 1 instrumentation

● Self-cleaning filtration system● Low pressure water available to side

hose-reels as a standard feature● More compact design envelope and

reduced weight● Conforms to DIN and International

standards as required● Light alloy and gunmetal versions ● Significantly reduced scheduled main-

tenance requirements

The very latest innovation for theWorld Series pump is the all stainlesssteel version, which was recently intro-duced to the US market at the FireRescue International Show 2003, Dallas.Stainless steel provides the pump withlife long corrosion resistance and a guar-antee of low maintenance costs.

Compressed Air Foam SystemsThe superior firefighting power of Com-pressed Air Foam systems is increasingly

recognised. Hale has been a leadingdeveloper of CAFS technology for manyyears, and can now supply a range ofintegrated engineering solutions designedto complement the equipment inventoryof any service. The range provides a vari-ety of installation options from OEM toretrofit and stand-alone, self-containedsystems.

Fighting fires with CAFS meansenhanced knockdown times, less waterusage, less environmental and waterdamage and a more efficient use ofmanpower.

World Series Pump with Integrated CAFSIn this configuration the CAFS unit is acompact package attached to the rear ofthe World Series pump “piggy-back”style, it comprises of a compressor, HaleFoamMaster V series foam induction unitand Hale X-Mixer system. A solid-stateelectronic control provides a safety sys-tem and full operator control is providedat the pump control panel.

P R O D U C T P R O F I L E

For more information, please contact:

HALE PRODUCTS EUROPE LTD.A unit of IDEX Corporation

Charles StreetWarwick CV34 5LR

UKTel: +44 (0) 1926 623600Fax: +44 (0) 1926 623666

E-mail: [email protected]:www.haleeurope.com

HALE PRODUCTS EUROPE– VEHICLE PUMP INNOVATION

World Series pump – stainless steel model

World Series pump with Integrated CAFS

Cutaway view of World Series Pump, showinglow and high pressure stages on one shaft andreciprocating piston primer at rear

APF p. 37-50 9/11/06 11:44 am Page 46

APF09_47 22/12/06 12:05 PM Page 1

Advert/p48 14/11/06 2:40 pm Page 1

RELAY PUMPING OUTDATED

Traditional solutions have centredaround using existing hydrant ringmain systems, bulk water storage tanksand relay pumping. Unfortunatelythese all have fundamental limitations.Hydrant ring mains are often old, poor-ly maintained and can be ruptured inan explosion. Bulk water storagetankers offer limited volumes of waterand require good road access. Relaypumping can take up valuableresources in terms of manpower andvehicles and is only as reliable as itsweakest link. In addition, relay pump-ing often generates the safety hazardspaghetti effect due to the many hosesneeded to supply large volumes ofwater at sufficient pressure. This isbecause the pressure loss down a firehose increases rapidly when the flow istaken above the normal acceptable lim-its for a standard diameter. For exam-ple, flowing 800 litres/minute down a64mm hose will produce a pressuredrop of 5.6 bar over 200 metres

(source: Angus Fire HoseCalc software).Imagine trying to move 20,000litres/minute of water, 1000 metresdown 64mm hoses – a logistical night-mare! “Spaghetti effects” can be a thingof the past with modern LDH (LargeDiameter Hose), sometimes called Hi-Volume systems or Hi-Vol for short.

LDH PROVIDES THE ANSWER

The good news is that by increasing thehose diameter, the pressure loss can begreatly reduced. A 1% increase in hose

diameter results in a massive 5% dropin pressure loss. In practical terms, thismeans for example, a 125mm diameterLDH hose can move the same amountof water, the same distance, with thesame pressure loss as eight parallel64mm lines!

In order to exploit the pressureimprovement benefits of increasing thehose diameter, Angus Fire offers arange of LDH 4�,5� and 6� (100-150mm) dia. hoses, as well as eXtraLarge Diameter Hoses (XLDH) in 8� to12� (200-305mm) diameters. Theseproducts solve the pressure loss prob-lems at a stroke, but do present somehandling difficulties.

NYLON CONSTRUCTION NEEDED

LDH hose is no different to otherlayflat hoses, they are available in a range of qualities from several


49

Angus Fire Fetch deploys and retrieves Hi-Vol in record time Picture courtesy of Angus Fire

Flexible Solutions to Emergency Water SuppliesTHE ABILITY TO deliver large, independent supplies of water to meetfirefighters requirements for additional water supplies in Municipal Fire andRescue environments and compliance with the International Civil AviationOrganization (ICAO) requirements for aircraft firefighting has recentlybecome a major issue. This is being driven by the need to maintain a safe andsustainable environment in large emergencies where large flows and pressureare required often for far longer than the minimum specified periods.

Flexible Solutions to Emergency Water Supplies

The amount of water moved by eight lengths of 2.5-inch hose can now be moved bya single length of 5-inch Hi-Vol Picture courtesy of Angus Fire

By Mike Willson

APF p. 37-50 14/11/06 2:42 pm Page 49

manufacturers. However the large thediameter the more critical the hoseconstruction becomes as there are larg-er volumes, weights of water and pres-sures per square inch on the fabric ofthe hose. Polyester yarns are sometimesused, but these are more likely to resultin kinking, as they do not stretch underpressure. They are also unable to max-imise the pressure savings down longlengths of LDH as they cannot swell.Swell is a special characteristic onlyfound in Duraline type hoses with anall nylon jacket. Nylon has special char-acteristics that it can be stretchedslightly in use without breaking. Thisallows the best LDH hoses to minimisekinking, even at low operating pres-sures and also achieve swell, whichallows the hose to stretch slightly andpass more water with lower pressurelosses than polyester yarn hoses. Hi-VolLDH hoses are made from speciallyformulated rubber blends designed toresist ozone attack, abrasion andoils/acids weakening the hose. Thisspecial rubber is extruded through thenylon textile jacket to make a verydurable long lasting LDH.

MANUAL HANDLING SUPERSEDED

In many cases LDH has been handledmanually, but with current manualhandling regulations in Europe longlengths can put firefighters at risk ofinjury due to the weight involved. Con-sequently the heavy nature of theseproducts have often discouraged fire-fighters from taking full advantage of this technology. This is no longer the case because new cost-effectivedeployment and retrieval solutions havearrived that take the physical effort outof using LDH, with a resulting dramaticincrease in its popularity and usage.Leading Municipal and Aviation FireServices now use LDH as a regular toolin their armoury, knowing that it canbe deployed quickly at an incident andsimply retrieved using Fast EfficientTechniques for Collecting Hi-vol(FETCH) hose systems. There are variousunits available, some bristling withelectronic gadgetry. Firefighters cannow easily lay out a temporary ringmain of LDH to reach less accessibleareas and feed operational personnelwith reliable water flow and pressurerequirements.


50

Firekat is the new way to deploy and retrieve Hi-Vol over rough terrainPicture courtesy of Angus Fire

An ISO 9001: 2000 Registered Company

We Invite You To Compare, Ask For A DEMO Today!We Invite You To Compare, Ask For A DEMO Today!

SaberJet™ NozzlesCombination Smooth Bore/Fog Nozzle

For Multi-Purpose Applications

TurboJet® NozzlesAdjustable Flow Fog Nozzle

For Flexibility & Flow Control

Assault™ NozzlesPrecision Fixed Flow Fog Nozzle

For Easy Durable Operation

THE BEST NOZZLE PERFORMANCE IN THE FIRE SERVICE

www.akronbrass.com© Copyright 2003 by Premier Farnell Corporation. All rights reserved. No portion of this can be reproduced without the express written consent of Premier Farnell Corporation. (12/03)

Call your local Authorized Akron Distributor or your Akron Sales Development ManagerIn U.S./International PH: +1.330.264.5678 | FAX: +1.330.264.2944

APF p. 37-50 14/11/06 2:43 pm Page 50

To store, deploy and retrieve overone kilometre of 150mm hose soundslike a major system design exercise, butwith these reliable modern deploymentand retrieval systems it is quick andeasy to complete the task. There arenow sufficient sites around the worldprotected with LDH that the groundbreaking engineering work needed toproduce a total solution to overcomethe difficulties has been achieved andFETCH is largely responsible for thissignificant advance. The LDH is nor-mally stored in a truck or de-mount-able pod system, where it is flaked forrapid deployment when an incidentoccurs. Once the incident is declaredover, retrieval of the hose can be quick-ly handled by the modular FETCH unitbuilt into a vehicle (to meet customerrequirements) requiring only 3 opera-tors to complete the task. For the firsttime swift deployment and rapidretrieval are achieved with the mini-mum of effort. Off road versions arealso available.

HIGH QUALITY LDH ESSENTIAL

These water management solutions aredesigned for emergencies, which it is

hoped will never happen. This meansthe hose is likely to spend the majorityof its life stored, probably in a flakedstate. This unfortunately puts the hoseunder a great deal of stress, particularlyalong the fold. Therefore, in exactly thesame way as it is critical to choose awell designed and manufactured firehose for first-attack fire fighting, LDHand XLDH products must be chosenwith care. For LDH hose BS6391 Type 3is the international standard to choosefor your assessment criteria. Buying thecheapest hose on the market can meanthat three years down the track, whenmaybe it is first used in an emergency,it could let you down badly and poten-tially put firefighters’ lives at risk. Byseeking out a manufacturer with aproven track-record of supplying LDHthat exceeds the requirements ofBS6391 type 3, has technical expertisein XLDH products, and makes its ownretrieval and deployment systems youare far more likely to achieve a reliablelong term solution to you water supplyproblems. This way you can have confi-dence that the system has beendesigned to ensure the hose is stored inthe best possible conditions.


51

CONCLUSIONS

Today’s firefighters need optimumflexibility. They can be called uponto assist in many kinds of emer-gency, including flood control anddisaster relief eg. Earthquake situ-ations where all the establishedwater ring main systems arebroken and disrupted. Even undersuch demanding conditions fire-fighters have a responsibility to beable not only to maintain an ade-quate water supply whatever thecircumstances, but also to deliverever increasing quantities of waterto deal with the more complexhazards we see in the modernworld. The flexibility and efficiencythat modern LDH solutions nowoffer means that there is flexiblemobile solution available to helpfirefighters achieve these toughobjectives, and help them main-tain and optimise supplies ofwater in the widest range of emer-gency scenarios.

APF p. 37-50 14/11/06 2:43 pm Page 51


52

MASTER STREAM NOZZLModel Number 1745 & 1755 5077 & 5078 5060 1577 4460 & 4461Product Name TurboMaster Akromatic Akromatic SaberMaster RampageOrigin Akron Brass Akron Brass Akron Brass Akron Brass Akron BrassType of Nozzle Adjustable Flow Automatic Automatic Combination Smooth Bore Fixed Flow

& SpraySizes Available 2 1/2” 2 1/2” & 3 1/2” 2 1/2” & 3 1/2” 2 1/2” & 3 1/2” 2 1/2”Configurations Manual Operation Electric Operation 12V & 24V Manual Operation Electric Operation 12V & 24V Manual OperationMaterial Used for Nozzle Pyrolite Pyrolite Pyrolite Pyrolite BrassWeight 5 kg & 5.9 kg 6 kg & 9 kg 5 kg 10.9 kg 10.5 kgQuoted Output Range (lpm) 950-2900 lpm & 950-4800 lpm/ 950-4800 lpm & 50.8 mm smooth bore & 1900, 2900 & 3800 lpm

1900-4800 lpm 1900-7600 lpm/ 950-3800 lpm 4800 lpm spray1900-5700 lpm

Delivery Times 2-6 weeks 2-6 weeks 2-6 weeks 2-6 weeks 2-6 weeksUnique Features 1. Four adjustable flow 1. 5.5 bar operating pressure 1. 5.5 bar operating 1. Smooth bore and spray 1. Corrosion resistant brass

settings 2. Spinning fog teeth pressure capability in one nozzle 2. Built-in stream shaper2. Spinning fog teeth 2. Waterproof potted motors 2. Built-in stream shaper 3. Grease fitting3. Spray pattern detents 3. Spray pattern detents 4. Style 4460 has twist off

capability.Warranty 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years

AKRON BRASS COMPANY

Akron Brass Company343 Venture Blvd.Wooster, OH 44691, USATel: +1 330 264 5678Fax: +1 330 264 2944Website: www.akronbrass.com

Model Number SM-1000 SM-1000H SM-1250 CJ-B HF-350 or HF-500Product Name Select-O-Matic Select-O-Matic Select-O-Matic Select-O-Stream Hydro-FoamOrigin USA USA USA USA USAType of Nozzle Automatic Automatic Automatic Constant Gallonage Self-educting – ManualSizes Available 2.5” or 3.5” swivel inlet 2.5” or 3.5” swivel inlet 2.5” or 3.5” swivel inlet 2.5” swivel inlet 2.5” swivel inletConfigurations Manual Operation Hydraulic Operation Manual Operation 350 or 500 (Std.) GPM 350 or 500 GPMMaterial Used for Nozzle Aluminum Aluminum Brass or Aluminum Brass BrassWeight 7.5 lbs. 8.25 lbs. 31.5 lbs. or 7.5 lbs. 12.375 lbs. 19 lbs. Quoted Output Range (lpm) 1135-3785 lpm 1135-3785 lpm 1135-4730 lpm 1325 or 1895 lpm 1325 or 1895 lpmDelivery Times Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aro Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aro Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aro Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aro Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aroUnique Features Max. flow @ 75 psi Max. flow @ 75 psi Max. flow @ 75 psi FM Approved U. L. ListedWarranty 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years Five Years

ELKHART BRASS

Model Number CJN-B CSW-LB SM-2000 IMS CJKProduct Name Select-O-Stream Select-O-Flow Select-O-Matic Select-O-Stream MYSTERY nozzleOrigin USA USA USA USA USAType of Nozzle Constant Gallonage Selectable Gallonage Automatic Constant Gallonage Constant GallonageSizes Available 2.5” swivel inlet 2.5” swivel inlet 3.5” swivel inlet 2.5” swivel inlet 3.5” swivel inletConfigurations 750 or 1000 (Std.) gpm 350-500-750-1000- Manual Operation 500- 350 or 500 (Std.) gpm 1250 or 1500 or 1750 or

1250 gpm 2000 gpm @ 80 PSI 2000 gpmMaterial Used for Nozzle Brass Brass Brass or Aluminum Brass BrassWeight 15.5 lbs. 21.375 lbs. 38.75 or 9.2 lbs. 8.75 lbs. 22.25 lbs.Quoted Output Range (lpm) 2840 or 3785 lpm 1325-1895-2040-3785- 1895 to 7570 lpm 1325 or 1895 lpm 4730 or 5680 or 6624

4730 lpm or 7570 lpmDelivery Times Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aro Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aro Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aro Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aro Ex-Works 2-4 weeks aroUnique Features Also available in aluminum Five flow rates in one nozzle Max. flow @ 75 psi 140º wide fog Max. flow @ 100 psiWarranty 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years

ELKHART BRASS cont.

Elkhart Brass Mfg. Co., Inc.1302 West Beardsley AvenueElkhartIN 46515, USATel: +1 574 295 8330Fax: +1 574 293 9914Website: www.elkhartbrass.com

APF p. 52-56 17/11/06 11:42 am Page 52


53

LES: MARKET GUIDE

Dedication to the rescue and safety of people,

this has been the objective of AUTOFLUG

already since the first days of aviation. From the

foundation of the company in 1919 right up to

the present day, AUTOFLUG has remained a

medium-sized family enterprise.

AUTOFLUG supplies humanitarian rescue

services with safety systems such as inflatable

life tents, inflatable decontamination tents and

showers, inflatable rescue stretchers, inflatable

dinghies and manifold accessories for all

AUTOFLUG inflatable equipment.

AUTOFLUG rescue and safety systems incor-

porate the latest experiences, are based on

newest materials and technologies and are

meeting the highest requirements.

AUTOFLUG GmbH

Industriestrasse 10

D-25462 Rellingen/Germany

Phone +49 4101 307-312

Telefax +49 4101 307-316

E-Mail: [email protected]

Website: www.autoflug.com

Model Number 818E 823-BC 835-BCProduct Name Remote Control Nozzle Master Stream Nozzle Master Stream NozzleOrigin Taiwan Taiwan TaiwanType of Nozzle Constant Flow Constant Flow Constant FlowSizes Available 1-1/2” 2-1/2” 2-1/2”ConfigurationsMaterial Used for Nozzle Anodized Aluminum Bronze BronzeWeight 3 KGS 5 KGS 6 KgsQuoted Output Range (lpm) 750, 950, 1325 1140, 1900, 2660 2840, 3785Delivery Times Within 2 Weeks Within 2 Weeks Wihtin 2 WeeksUnique Features Remote Control ‘Built-In’ Stream Shaper Superior Reach &

PenerationWarranty 5 Years 5 Years 5 Years

PROTEK

Model Number

Product NameOriginType of Nozzle

Sizes Available

Configurations

Material Used for Nozzle

WeightQuoted Output Range (lpm)Delivery TimesUnique Features

Warranty

TASK FORCE TIPS

Model Number 847 848Product Name Master Stream Nozzle Master Stream NozzleOrigin Taiwan TaiwanType of Nozzle Selectable Gallonage Selectable GallonageSizes Available 2-1/2” 2-1/2”ConfigurationsMaterial Used for Nozzle Anodized Aluminum Anodized AluminumWeight 2.5 KGS 3.5 KGSQuoted Output Range (lpm) 1200-1600-2000-2400 1900-2900-3800-4800Delivery Times Within 2 Weeks Within 2 WeeksUnique Features Adjustable Gallonage Superior Reach &

PenerationWarranty 5 Years 5 Years

PROTEK cont.

Protek Manufacturing Corp.64 Kan Su Road, Section #2Taichung, TaiwanTel: +886-4-2422-8366Fax: +886-4-2422-8666Website: www.protekfire.com

Task Force Tips, Inc.2800 East Evans AvenueValparaiso, IN 46383, USATel: +1 219 548 4000 Fax: +1 219 464 0620Website: www.tft.com

M-R, M-RS, M-RF, M-I,M-IS, M-IF, M-H, M-ERMaster StreamMade In The USAFixed, Selectable,Automatic Nozzle for aPortable or Fixed DelugeGun65mm and 75mm

With or without HaloRing, Hydraulic andElectric RemoteLightweight hardcoatanodized aluminum.

3.4 kg – 6.2kg600-4500 l/min @ 7bar1-4 weeksConstant pressureregulated at 7bar.Continuously variablefrom straight stream tofull finger fog. Flushwithout shutting down.Molded rubber bumperwith power fog teeth. Task Force Tips warranty’sthat our equipment shallbe free from defects inmaterial and workmanshipfor a period of five yearsfrom the date of purchase.

MONSOON-R, MONSOON-I,MONSOON-H, MONSOON-EMonsoonMade In The USAAutomatic TruckMounted Deluge Nozzle

75mm, 90mm and110mmWith or without HaloRing, Hydraulic andElectric RemoteLightweight hardcoatanodized aluminum.

10.8 kg – 12.5kg1100-7000 l/min @ 7 bar1-4 weeksConstant pressureregulated at 7bar.Continuously variablefrom straight stream tofull finger fog. Flushwithout shutting down.Molded rubber bumperwith power fog teeth. Task Force Tips warranty’sthat our equipment shall befree from defects inmaterial and workmanshipfor a period of five yearsfrom the date of purchase.

MT-R-6ASA & MT-HR-6SXTyphoonMade In The USAAutomatic TruckMounted Deluge Nozzle

6” ANSI 150,DN150PN16, 6” StorzHalo Ring or HydraulicRemote

Massive cast hardcoatanodized aluminumbumper.46.7 kg – 49.8 kg2400-16000 l/min @ 7 bar1-4 weeksAdjustment is anywherebetween 6 and 8 bar byturning a knob on thefront of the nozzle. Foruse on truck mounteddeluge devices, fire boats and industrialapplications.Task Force Tips warranty’sthat our equipment shallbe free from defects inmaterial and workmanshipfor a period of five yearsfrom the date of purchase.

APF p. 52-56 14/11/06 2:46 pm Page 53


54

FSI OFFERS THREE AND FOUR LINE MASSCASUALTY PORTABLE HAZ MAT DECONSHOWER

Systems that can handle up to4 non-ambulatory stretcherborne personnel, or up to 8ambulatory victims at onetime, or any combination ofthe above in the middle 13� Wx 10� L shower area. TheDAT4070S as shown offersprivate dry undress and redressareas in a 13� W x 23� L x 9�H 300 sq. ft. unit

DATTM3060S THREE LINE MASS CASUALTY DECONSHOWER SYSTEMFSI proudly offers the DATTM 3060S Three line, Mass Casualty,Portable Hazmat Decon Shower System built to the same demandingspecifications as the entire line of FSI Shelters/Showers recognized bytheir EMS Blue Colour, in multiple sizes, with an integral ground floorthat will hold up to 200 gallons of water before requiring pump out, 4roll up windows, 2 skylights, full closure slip in and out dirtyentry/clean exit doors, four – 14� dia. HVAC/Clothes ducts, air inflationvalve and hose, pressure relief valve, Pegs/Rods/Bag/Tie Downs, Repairkit, manual, carry bag, 2 upper air vents, and an extra full centredivider curtain to allow for changing the Shower to a 2 line non-ambulatory unit.

The DAT3060S is a true mass casualty shelter/shower system thatoffers private dry undress and redress areas in a three line DeconShower configuration 10� W x 20� L x 9� H (200 sq. ft.) that canhandle combinations of up to 6 non-ambulatory, 2 ambulatory, 4non-ambulatory and 1 ambulatory, or other possible showering com-binations of personnel at any one time in the middle 10� x 10� showerarea.

DATTM4070S FOUR LINE MASS CASUALTY DECONSHOWER SYSTEM FROM FSIFSI proudly offers the DATTM4070S 4 Line Mass Casualty PortableHazmat Decon Shower System built to the same demanding specifica-tions as the entire line of FSI Shelters/Showers recognized by theirEMS Blue Colour, in multiple sizes, with an integral ground floor thatwill hold up to 300 gallons of water before requiring pump out, 4 rollup windows, 2 skylights, full closure slip in and out dirty entry/cleanexit doors, 4 – 14� dia. HVAC/Clothes ducts, air inflation valve andhose, pressure relief valve, Pegs/Rods/Bag/Tie Downs, Repair kit, man-ual, carry bag, and 2 upper air vents.

The unit can handle 4 non-ambulatory stretcher borne personnel, orup to 8 ambulatory victims at one time, or any combination of the abovein the middle 13� W x 10� L shower area. The DAT4070S offers privatedry undress and redress areas in a 13� W x 23� L x 9� H 300 sq. ft. unit.

THE FUTURE OF THERMAL IMAGING ISALREADY HERE!

Many articles have been writtenrecently about the “ultimate” thermalimaging solution consisting of theincorporation of a TIC into an inte-grated fire helmet.

Such a solution has been availablefor six years from GB Solo Ltd., ofScunthorpe, U.K.

The SOLOtic is the ONLY fully inte-grated fire-fighting helmet in theWorld, incorporating breathing appa-ratus, face-mask, thermal vision andcrystal clear communications. – 3rdgeneration SOLOtic.

This is the ultimate tool for the worst imaginable conditions!In addition to civilian Fire Brigades, SOLOtic, along with the

SOLOunifit, has continued to find its place in the specialised marketssuch as Cruise Liners, Commercial Shipping Lines, F1 Grand Prix teams,Oil Refineries, Tunnel Operators and Naval Forces around the World.

The SOLOvision FIRE is unlike any other thermal imaging camera. Itcan be used as a traditional hand-held or as a hands-free camera that hasthe unique ability to attach to, and create a seal with, the BA face maskto prevent any smoke, steam or dirt interfering with the picture display.

But how can SOLOvision’s, and SOLOtic’s camera display be posi-tioned so close to the eyes without blurring and distortion of theimage, as would occur with any other TIC?

All GB SOLO cameras operate with a patented display system. GBSolo processes the image from the camera sensor, using a Virtual Real-ity computer, so that the image presented to the user’s eyes is 1 metresquare and is augmented with the users head. What the user sees is asthough he/she were using their own eyes rather than that of thecamera. The result is a perfect image – more than 60 times larger thanthe image seen through a TIC with only a 3�-5� display – and twohands free to work with!

SOLOvision also happens to be the lightest TIC in the world, weigh-ing in at only 850g in its heaviest configuration, the new Hand-Held,operating on 6 x AA batteries.

All cameras have the option of colour display, spot temperature andwireless transmission.

Recent Asia/Pacific orders for GB Solo helmets and cameras havecome from Singapore S.C.D.F.; Korean Fire Department; various FireDepartments in China; and the Malaysian Armed Forces.

A NEW FIRESTOP SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FORTHE TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY

RectorSeal announces its latest additionto its Metacaulk® line of firestoppingproducts — Metacaulk® Bixi Stix™!

An extremely cost effective Firestop-ping material, Metacaulk® Bixi Stix™functions as an effective intermediatefire-break within vertical cable tray runs.

This highly intumescent material is specifically designed for thetelecommunication industry. Metacaulk® Bixi Stix forms a high insu-lating char under fire conditions to prevent the passage of flame,smoke, and hot gases through concrete floors.

Metacaulk® Bixi Stix™ is UL classified to UL 1479 and is ideal for12� inch x 24� inch openings in a concrete floor when a kick box isinstalled on the top of the floor. They are easy to install, saves money,and are repenetrable. It is an excellent Firestopping material for bothnew and retrofit construction.

Founded in 1937, RectorSeal® has grown steadily over the yearsthrough a commitment to providing high quality products and services.With a diversified business strategy, the company is aggressively pursu-ing new and unique technologies to serve the plumbing, hardware,heating, air conditioning, and construction markets both domesticallyand internationally. RectorSeal® is devoted to providing innovativequality products supported by strong customer and technical service.

RESPONDING TO THE TERRORIST THREAT“We are ready and able torespond as soon as we getthe call,” says Tony HughesManaging Director of HughesSafety Showers, Britain’sleading supplier of decon-tamination showers andancillary equipment. Hiscomments followed concernsraised by a National Audit

Product Update ● Product Update ● Product Update

For more information, please contact:GB Solo Asia/PacificTel: +60-3-42527450

E-mail: [email protected]

For more information, please contact:RectorSeal

Tel: +1 713 263 8001Fax: +1 713 263 7577

For further information, please contact:FSI North America

A Division of Fire Safety InternationalFax: +1 440 891 1562

Website: www.fsinorth.com

APF p. 52-56 14/11/06 2:47 pm Page 54


55

Office report that claims a quarter of hospitals and a third of ambu-lance services do not have adequate plans for a terrorist attack andlack the necessary equipment.

“We supply emergency services around the world, as well as inBritain, with decontamination equipment capable of treating up to300 people an hour in the event of a biological, chemical, radiologicalor nuclear attack.” said Tony. “The equipment is available now and hasbeen tested under a wide range of conditions. It’s one certain way tosave lives in a major incident.”

Inflatable decontamination shelters can be quickly erected withinhospital grounds. Walking and stretchered casualties are treated beforeentering the building, eliminating the risk of potentially dangeroussubstances being carried into the hospital. Ideally, this decontamina-tion is carried out well away from the main hospital building althoughwhere necessary, walk-through shelters can be positioned at doors toprocess casualties as they enter.

“Decontaminating casualties at the scene is by far the best optionand likely to save more lives,” says Tony. “Early treatment means abetter chance of survival.”

Portable mass decontamination shelters can be carried on emer-gency service vehicles and erected in minutes. As well as providing afast response, shelters used at the scene of an incident can help toreduce the pressure on hospital accident and emergency departmentsand prevent the contamination of ambulances, which would otherwisehave to be withdrawn from service for cleaning.

TASK FORCE TIPS’ NEW HANDLINE NOZZLESERIES

Task Force Tips, Inc., a worldwide leader ofinnovative fire streams management solu-tions, announces the introduction of itsnewly re-designed Handline nozzles. Since1986, TFT’s 50-350gpm automatic Hand-line nozzles have been the fire service’smost trusted and reliable fire suppressiontools. With the addition of new flow andpressure choices, simplified field mainte-nance, the integration of lightweight poly-

mer components, and now, complete NFPA #1964 Standardcompliance, the new Handline nozzles will meet and exceed the nextgeneration’s fire streams management demands.

With flow ratings of 70-300gpm, the new automatic Handlinenozzle will now offer 100psi, 75psi, or 55psi operational pressures. Thenew shut-off handle can now be color coded, and is produced fromDuPont’s new rugged lightweight ZYTEL® polymer. Meeting all aspectsof the NFPA #1964 Standard, the new design also provides bothimproved field serviceability, and simple pressure control changes tomeet changing operational demands.

TYCO SERVICES BUILDING PRODUCTSDEVELOPS SUPER FIRE DOOR FORMALAYSIAN MARKETTyco Services Building Products has developed a fire door to meetMalaysia’s stringent industry standards using 100% Australian sourcedmaterials and technology. After testing the door local Malaysianauthorities and manufacturers were astounded with the results.

Malaysian standards are considered more difficult to pass than Aus-tralian or British standards as Malaysia require a minimum of sixty min-utes insulation making it twice as high as Australian standards. TycoServices Building Products new fire door not only met the Malaysianstandard (1073:Pt 3 1996) but, was also found to be half the weight ofthe locally manufactured doors and can be constructed much faster.

After the successful testing at Malaysia’s testing authority Sirim,Tyco Services Building Products are now working to establish an exclu-sive agreement with an agent in Malaysia who has three well known

fire door manufactures lined up to distribute the Tyco Services Build-ing Products door to.

In the interim the door is known as the HD E Core (HD referring tohigh density). The HD E Core fire door is suitable in Malaysia for allhigh rise residential unit entry doors, public buildings and anywherethat fire protection is required such as hospitals, shopping centres, cin-emas and educational institutions.

PPS INTRODUCE DEDICATED DECONINCIDENT SUIT RANGE

What is believed to be the first dedicatedrange of protective suits designed not just toembrace every area of a decontaminationincident, but also for use in decontamina-tion-incident training, is being offered byProfessional Protection Systems.

There are four suits in the new range. Thefirst is designed as an incident control suit,the second is a full decontamination suit, thethird is an NBC escape suit and the fourth hasbeen designed for training purposes.

Incident Control (cold zone) suit: A chemical-splash suit made fromZytron 300 this suit features a double storm flap, zipped front andelastic wrist and face apertures. A full-face chemical respirator providesairflow demisting for a low profile polycarbonate visor. This featuresthe option of easy to attach internal spectacle frames.

A multi purpose combination filter manufactured from micro fibreand organic compounds offers a particulation retention efficiency of99.999 at 95 litres per minute. The suit is completed with slip roofsafety boots and neoprene gloves. The boots are both chemical and oilresistant and can stand hot contact up to 300°C. Non-slip and resis-tant to UV and Ozone the gloves are chemical resistant to EN374 andoffer mechanical protection up to EN 388.Full Decontamination Suit: A chemical splash suit made from Zytron400 this all enveloping one piece comes with a clear PVC visor with aTeflon overlay. If features a unique neck seal and an internally wornair blower system with combination filtering canisters. The blower unitis manufactured from Polycarbonate/ABS and is powered by a nickelmetal hydride high capacity battery with an eight hour run time.Weighing 2258gms it features a chargeable on or off power unit and abattery lock system. It has a lock bayonet hose connector, an audioand visual battery alarm in the event of a blocked filter and an intelli-gent battery charger that prevents overcharging.

Boots and gloves are the same specification as the Incident Control Suit.NBC Escape Suit: When tested by the US Army Soldier Biological Chem-ical Command it was established that this suit’s respiratory factorexceeded US army requirements. One of the features of this suit is thehood. It has been deliberately designed with plenty of space as an anti-claustrophobic feature. This means it can accommodate larger head sizesor an unusually full head of hair, as well as somebody wearing spec-tacles, with ease. The large visor on this unit has a permanent anti-fogcoating and provides the wearer with a wide and clear outward view.

Breathing is via a snorkel type mouthpiece. This is sealed through thefront of the hood and attached to a plastic cartridge. A gas tight seal isformed between the wearer’s lips and the mouthpiece so that the air insidethe mouthpiece is completely isolated from the air inside the hood. Thismeans that if the integrity of the hood or the neck seal is compromised,for any reason, the wearer can still enjoy clean air though the mouthpiece.Training Suit: Because all the “front line” suits in the PPS decontami-nation range are as a matter of necessity of limited life it would not beeconomic to use them in a training situation. For this reason PPS havedeveloped a training suit which simulates the wearing characteristicsof the others in the range but at a fraction of the price.

Made from lightweight PVC and clearly marked “training suit” thisunit is a simple one piece with an optically clear PVC visor and a stan-dard non-gas tight zip across the chest. It features an internally wornair blower system.

Product Update ● Product Update ● Product Update

For more information, please contact:Professional Protection Systems

E-mail: [email protected]: www.ppsgb.com

For more information please contact:Tyco Services Building Products

Tel: +61 2 9938 5499Website www.tycobp.com.au

For more information, please contact:Task Force Tips, Inc.Tel: +1 219 462 6161Website: www.tft.com

For more information, please contact:Hughes Safety Showers Ltd.

Tel: +44 161 430 6618E-mail: [email protected]

APF p. 52-56 14/11/06 3:06 pm Page 55


56

3m Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OBC

Akron Brass Company, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

ALERT Disaster Control (Asia) PTE. Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Amkus, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Angus Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Ansul, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Autoflug GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

BW Technologies Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Bullard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IFC

Chemetron Fire Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

China Fire 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .02

Control Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Dafo Fomtec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Dr. Sthamer Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .06

Escape Consult Mobiltex (S) PTE. Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Flir Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .04

FSI North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

GB Solo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .09

Gielle Fire Protection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IBC

Hale Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Holmatro Industrial & Rescue Equipment . . . . . . . . . . .33

HSI Fire & Safety Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Hughes Safety Showers Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

IFCAA Taiwan 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Lenzing AG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Lukas Hydraulik GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Macron Safety Systems (UK) Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

NFPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Rae Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Security Systems (FE) Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .07

The Fire Shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Trelleborg Protective Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Vision Fire & Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Waterous Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Zumro BV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

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APF p. 52-56 14/11/06 3:17 pm Page 56

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APF Issue 09

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