APF Issue 16

REPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRYREPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINEASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE

An MDM PUBLICATIONIssue 16 – December 2005

www.apfmag.com


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APF16 OFC 20/11/06 4:07 pm Page ofc1

TASK FORCE TIPS, INC.

2800 East Evans Avenue, Valparaiso, IN 46383-6940 USA

International +1.219.548.4000 • www.tft.com • [email protected]

For excellent quality fire fighting equipment visit www.tft.com and call your local distributor for a demonstration. Display equipment, literature and digital data can be obtained by contacting your trained TFT distributor.

Stainless Steel Fog TeethFog Teeth made from 316 stainless steel offer enhanced resistance to damage and increased corrosion resistance.

Strong equipment designed to last a long time in harsh environments.

Stainless Steel Fog Teeth

Questions and Answers

Questions about anything manufactured by TFT? Locate the serial number, contact your distributor and don’t worry about it.

We can track: the manufacturing date, who it

was sent to, warranty (5-year warranty), provide spare parts,

maintenance instructions, exploded view documents, etc…

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Top Quality MaterialWith one heavy duty Stainless Steel ball valve to shutoff the nozzle you get a 100% reliable and low maintenance unit.

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Foam Solutions Package

INCLUDES:Your choice of Eductor; 230, 360 or 475 l/min Your choice of PRO/pak Your choice of Master Foam Aluminum Nozzle

LOCAL DEALERS

AUSTRALIAGaam Emergency Products-AUPhone : 61394661244Fax : [email protected]

CHINAPolyM ShanghaiPhone: 862164690107Fax: [email protected]

HONG KONGUniversal Cars LimitedPhone: 85224140231Fax: 85224136063andrewplh@simedarby.com.hkwww.mitsubishi-motors.com.hk

INDONESIAPt Palmas EntracoPhone: 6221384 1681Fax: 6221380 [email protected]

JAPANYone CorporationPhone: 81758211185Fax: [email protected]

MALAYSIACME Technologies SDN BHDPhone: 60356331188Fax: [email protected]

NEW ZEALANDGaam Emergency Products-NZPhone: 6498270859Fax: [email protected]

PHILIPPINESAlliance Industrial SalesPhone: 6328908818Fax: [email protected]

SINGAPORES.K. Fire Pte. Ltd.Phone: 6568623155Fax : [email protected]

SOUTH KOREAShilla Fire Co., Ltd.Phone: 820236659011Fax: [email protected]

TAIWANYoung Ararat Enterprise Co. LtdPhone: 886 2 2772 3121Fax: 886 2 2721 9775

THAILANDAnti-Fire Co, Ltd.Phone: 6622596899Fax: [email protected]

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Task Force Tips w/p 10/12/05 10:40 am Page 1

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NFPA w/p 10/12/05 10:44 am Page 1

Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre

INTERNATIONAL

Official publication: In association with: Organised by:

15th - 17th February 2006

Book your exhibition space at Fire Asia 2006 now

For more reasons to visit, register free atw w w . f i r e - a s i a . c o m

Europe & North America

Ron Dullage, Group Sales ManagerTel: +44 (0)1737 855451 / 435

[email protected]

Asia

Christine Guan, dmg Beijing OfficeTel: +86 10 6505 6245 / 44 / 45

[email protected]

In associtaion with:

Fire Asia 2006 fp ad NEW 11/30/05 8:46 AM Page 1

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 5

NEWS

Angus Fire Foams SystemsProtect Bangkok’s NewInternational Airport

Fire FightingEnterprises toExhibit at Intersecand Fire Asia 2006

Smoke detector specialist FIRE FIGHTINGENTERPRISES LTD will be displaying its range ofwide area detection products at the forthcomingIntersec and Fire Asia exhibitions. The companywill be exhibiting both the end to end andreflective variants of its Fireray range of opticalbeam detectors in addition to its latest aspiratingdevices.

The Fireray F2000 is an end to end productwhich comprises a transmitter and receiver thatare installed at opposite ends of the area to beprotected. The transmitter emits an infra-redbeam which is detected and monitored by thereceiver, and if smoke obscures the beam analarm is raised. Typical applications includewarehouses, factories and shopping malls. TheFireray F2000 Ex has been designed specificallyfor industrial applications.

The F50R and F100R are reflective variants ofthe Fireray in which the transmitter and receiverare located in the same unit, reducinginstallation time and costs. The transmitteremits a signal that is then reflected back to thereceiver using a reflector positioned at theopposite end of the area to be protected.

The company’s laser aspirated smokedetector units utilise the highly sensitivecapabilities of lasers to detect even the smallesttraces of smoke. They consist of a samplingpipe, fan, cartridge filters and smoke detectors.

INTERSEC 2006 29-31st January Dubai World Trade Centre – Stand 1605 (British Pavilion)

FIRE ASIA 200615-17th FebruaryHong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre– British Pavilion

For more information, please contact:Fire Fighting Enterprises Tel +44 (0)1438 317216Website: www.ffeuk.com

ANGUS FIRE fixed foam systems are protecting the aviation fuel depot at the newBangkok International Airport. Also called Suvarnabhumi Airport (Suvarnabhumimeans ‘Golden Land’), the Airport is due to open late 2005 (more info at Website:www.suvarnabhumi.com).

Angus Fire Foam Base (Sub-Surface) Injection System. Fuel-resistant aspirated UL Listed AngusTankMaster foam of typical expansion ratio 2 to 4:1 is injected into the base of the tank abovethe water level at a pre-determined minimum application rate and operating time. Foam risesthrough the fuel to form an extinguishing foam blanket on the surface of the burning fuel. Thesystem incorporates Angus Fire Series 2 High Back Pressure Generators (HBPGs) to overcome theback pressure exerted by a static head of fuel. Installation by Kampuwat Co. Ltd., the Angus Firedistributor in Thailand

Japanese DeflateIn Favour OfMetal FramesPPS Secures OsakaAirport RD Shelter Order

An order for six rapid deployment shelters has been placed by the KIAC Company with PROFESSIONALPROTECTION SYSTEMS. KIAC are the company responsible for providing facilities of all kinds at Japan’sairports and the six shelters, the first of a much larger order, are destined for Osaka airport.

The shelters, all based on the design of the metal frame units, which PPS has supplied to the UKgovernment to house its mass-decontamination facilities, represent a major change in Japanesethinking which until now has been centred on inflatable units.

According to Mark Whitcher, PPS Managing Director, the change in thinking was based uponthe longevity and flexibility of metal frame systems and the fact that they do not spring leaks andif damaged can usually be repaired with great swiftness and relative ease. “This plus the fact thatthey can be deployed with the same speed as an inflatable clinched the deal I believe” saysWhitcher.

Internally the spatial arrangements of the shelter interiors allow for a number of different uses;as command posts, field hospitals, scene of crime operational centres and so on.

Japan’s emergency services and defence forces are already familiar with PPS equipment and areamongst the company’s earliest export customers, buying the then revolutionary PPS inflatabledecontamination shower in the wake of the infamous Tokyo Sarin attack. “ Because of this I

believe the Japanese have faith in us and what wehave to offer, and this must have contributedsignificantly towards getting them to change frominflatable to metal frame technology and to placingthe order with us” comments Whitcher.

More information, please contact:Professional Protection Systems Ltd.Email [email protected]: www.ppsgb.com

News P. 5-13 21/11/06 8:46 am Page 5

6 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

On the 15th of November 2005, BAUERCOMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD (BCA) togetherwith Bauer Comp Holding of Munich, Germany,celebrated the Tenth Anniversary year of Bauerin Singapore, as a regional base, underlining thecompany’s commitment to Asia for sales andsupport of its products.

Bauer is the largest and world leadingmanufacturer of High Pressure Breathing AirCompressors and Purification Systems for FireSafety and Diving applications, plus Air and GasCompressors for Medium and High PressureIndustrial Applications. It was important thatBauer has an “Asian Base”, which couldsupport the increasing market opportunities forthe premium products made by the company.

Today, BCA operates from a centralSingapore facility at Delta House, AlexandraRoad. The office is responsible for sales andsupport through distribution to more than 20countries. BCA is one of the 11 Bauersubsidiaries, located around the world. Thereare two other subsidiaries in Asia, located in

China and Japan.The Distributors are a key element in the

success of the company, as their number, whichexceeds 30 reporting to BCA, allows thecustomer base the comfort of comprehensivesupport, which includes technical back up in theform of sales, service, spares and training fromBCA.

Bauer started in 1946 manufacturingcompressors and very early the company movedinto the High Pressure Breathing Air CompressorMarket. The first machines of this type weresold in 1956. Bauer also developed the TriplexFilter Cartridge system for Breathing Air. Manyhave tried to copy the concept. However,through a process of continual productdevelopment and innovation, through to quality,Bauer still remains the market leader.

The celebration Dinner was held at RafflesHotel in Singapore. All BCA staff attendedtogether with Mr. Heinz Bauer (President of theBauer Group), Mr. Stephen Hines (ManagingDirector of BCA) and Mr. Stefan HACKER(Manager of Engineering and BusinessDevelopment, Bauer Comp Holding). During thedinner, Mr. Bauer and Mr. Hines took theopportunity to thank all employees and valuedagents and distributors of Bauer for theircontribution to business development over theyears and stated that they looked forward to anincreasing commitment to Asia from Bauer.

For more information, please contact:Bauer Compressors Asia Pte Ltd.Tel: +65 6271 6271Website: www.bauergroup.comDerek Gotts joins

Hale Products Europe

HALE PRODUCTS EUROPE is pleased toannounce the appointment of Derek Gottsas their new Managing Director. Derek willbe responsible for developing the Halebusiness plan in the fire fighting industryby continuing the introduction ofinnovative new products and services.Derek and his team, based at Warwick,will ensure the Godiva pump brandmaintains its reputation for engineeringexcellence and value for money.

Derek has previously held senior salespositions with the Grundfos corporation,Johnson Controls UK and AHSEmstar, andearly in his career was a Merchant NavyOfficer.

For more information, please contact:Hale Products EuropeTel: +44 1926 623 600 Email: [email protected]

Bauer Compressors Asia Pte Ltd (BCA)Ten Years of Bauer Compressors Asia, Singapore

High expansion foam from existing fansNow any department with SUPER VAC PPV’s or Smoke Ejectors can produce huge amountsof High Expansion Foam with the addition of a Super Vac HXG to their existing fans.

This attachment can produce foam up to 1,000:1 expansion for tough extinguishments,including flammable liquids, mining operations and ship-hold areas.

For more information, please contact:Super Vacuum Manufacturing Co. Inc.Email: [email protected]: www.supervac.com

News P. 5-13 21/11/06 8:47 am Page 6

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 7

There are two major concerns which arealways expressed by clients when they reachthe point of considering the replacement of

their existing Halon 1301 systems, both of themresult in some cost.

The first point to be considered is the disruptionto the daily business activities and the incon-venience that this may cause to their customers,whilst the old system is removed and a newsystem is installed.

Secondly, the cost of the new system itself, thisis assessed in two ways, the initial cost and thecost of future maintenance together with the costof refilling, should this become necessary.

The fire protection industry has long sought toaddress both of these points and many manufac-turers have made claims over the years withrespect to retrofitting existing Halon systems.Some of the claims which have been made how-ever do not stand up to close examination, so it isimportant to understand exactly what is meant bythe term “Retrofit”

To retrofit an existing Halon system, implies anassessment of the current risk, a site survey of theexisting installation to ascertain that the existingpipework meets current standards.

A detailed examination of the new flow calcula-tions and system design can then be made inorder to understand the changes which may needto be made to the existing layout.

Many years of experience in conducting theseexercises for clients have indicated that NAF S 125®

systems, which are listed by Underwriters Laborato-ries (UL), can be used to successfully retrofit existingHalon 1301 systems. Some installations requirenozzle changes and slight adjustment to pipe sizes, usually at the end of the system, with the bulkof the pipework left in an “As Installed State”

The opportunity can also be taken to upgrade alow pressure Halon system (25 bar) to a higherpressure type (42 bar) in these instances theachievable success rate for the “Retrofit” processis substantially increased.

A recent feasibility study to retrofit an existingHalon 1301 systems for a major PetrochemicalCompany emphasises the benefits achievable with

NAF S 125® replacement systems.Major disruption of its processing was not an

option and investigation revealed an opportunityfor retrofitting the existing systems. A detailed sur-vey of the sites was undertaken and using thedata gathered, together with the detail obtainedfrom the existing drawings and flow calculations, astudy was made to ascertain the suitability ofutilising the existing distribution pipes.

In 2 of the 8 systems examined for retrofittingwith NAF S 125® (42bar), slight changes wererequired to ensure that the pipework compliedwith current standards; the rest required just minorchanges to short sections of the piping and nozzlechanges

The overall benefits to the customer are selfevident, since few changes would be required, itwas anticipated that in most areas, process workcould continue uninterrupted.

The extinguishant used in the NAF S125® sys-tems is a unique, patented formulation containinga special additive.

During a fire scenario the additive reacts withthe fire and significantly reduces the formation ofthe decomposition products produced by the fire,thus minimising the risk of damage to delicateequipment.

The inclusion of the additive provides an addi-tional technical/economic benefit since it has beenfound to enhance the extinguishing performance.

Independent laboratory evaluation has revealedthat the extinguishing performance of the systemis increased, in real terms, this results in the use ofless gas needed to protect a given risk, comparedto systems which do not contain the additive.

The cost of the systems can therefore bereduced or if the same amount of gas is used thena greater margin of safety is offered resulting froma faster “knockdown” of the fire. APF

Safety Hi-Tech srlReplacement of existing halon installationswith Safety Hi-Tech’s U.L. Approved NAF S125®

Gaseous Extinguishing System

For more information, please contact:Safety Hi-Tech srlVia degli Olmetti, 1400060 FormelloRome, ItalyTel: + 39 06 907751Email: [email protected]:www.safetyhitech.com

PRODUCT PROFILE

Profiles P. 7-16 21/11/06 8:50 am Page 7

Search Systems has beenthe leader in the develop-ment of technical search

and rescue equipment since1991. It was at that time thatwork was initiated on the firstSEARCHCAM® Victim Loca-tion System using video,audio, and remote manipula-tion of the camera. Since thattime Search Systems hasbecome the InternationalStandard for victim locationequipment used in collapseand confined space rescue.

The SEARCHCAM 2000 and the DELSAR® LifeDetector™ manufactured by Search Systems arebasic components of most every major technicalrescue team throughout the world. Since theestablishment of the major systems indicatedabove, Search Systems has introduced other tech-nical equipment designed for first-in operations,continuing operations, victim extrication, andhazmat communications, as well as products forthe police, military, and security services.

Equipment manufactured by Search Systems isspecifically designed using the latest technology toextend the eyes and ears of public safety person-nel into voids and inaccessible areas while protect-ing the operators and also any potential victims.The ability to see and hear what is normally notaccessible to search and rescue personnel allowsthem to use the valuable minutes immediatelyafter an incident to locate victims, precisely identi-fy their position and their physical condition, guideextrication procedures, and to generally expeditethe mitigation of an incident.

The SEARCHAM 2000 has evolved from a heavyand burdensome piece of equipment that wasstate of the art in 1993 into a lightweight, ruggedand dependable audio/video search device. Thecamera head articulates 180º left to right andusing established search protocol can rapidly scanan entire void area to either locate or rule out thepresence of a victim. The variable gain audio isalso used to identify victims who may be able tocreate audible indicators and to also assess thenature of their entrapment and injuries as well asmaintaining voice contact. The SEARCHCAM 2000equipment series offers a 2.3 meter StandardProbe, a 6.5 meter Super Probe, and a 92 meterCable Probe all with the same audio, video, andarticulation capabilities. The detachable monitorcan be used either attached to the pistol grip style

control unit or it can be removed for a more con-venient viewing angle or to allow other personnelto view. All SEARCHCAM equipment is compatibleand the various components and accessories areinterchangeable between systems. A variety ofoptional accessories are available including addi-tional remote monitors, monitor extension cables,video output cables to support additional monitorsor recording devices, and wireless transmittingmonitors to transmit audio/video signals to aremote command center.

The DELSAR Life Detector is an acute listeningdevice designed to detect seismic or airbornevibrations that may be created by a trapped victim.If the victim is able to create noise by tapping orpounding on concrete, steel, pipe, etc. or to yellfor help the Life Detector is able to pick up thevibrations and to amplify them and translate themto meaningful video and audio signals that aremonitored and interpreted by the operator. Theunit consists of a series of up to six sensors thatcan be distributed up to 10 meters apart over thesurface of a collapse area. Each sensor can be indi-vidually monitored to determine the presence ofseismic or voice activity. When detected, the sen-sor that is closest to the activity will indicate ahigher strength than the others. The sensors canthen be redistributed around the location of thestrongest one and the evaluation process can berepeated. This process continues until the equip-ment has triangulated to a specific location. Atthat point, other equipment such as the SEARCH-CAM equipment and the Delsar Acoustic Sensorcan be employed to more definitely locate thesource. Some important features of the Life Detec-tor are the ability to monitor all six sensors at thesame time, the ability to monitor two audio chan-nels at the same time (left ear/right ear), the abilityto filter ambient noises such as heavy equipmentand generators, and a five minute recording loopthat records all activity including audio communi-cations between the operators.

Please keep in mind that Search Systems putthe TECH in TECHNICAL RESCUE. APF

8 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

PRODUCT PROFILE

Search Systems, Inc.Victim location systems

For more information, please contact:Search Systems, Inc.PO Box 80307BakersfieldCA 93380-0307USATel: +1 661 399 7107Email:[email protected]:www.seachsystems.com


RAE Systems w/p 10/12/05 10:41 am Page 1

Tunnel applicationsFor applications with the most demandingrequirements, SECURITON continuallyinvests in research and development of firealarm systems. Combined with Securiton

fire alarm control panels, complexfunctionalities are programmable, toprovide unique customer benefits.

SecuriSens ADW 511 Transafe –the linear heat detectorSecuriSens ADW provides best fire

detection in road tunnels, undergroundgarages storage tanks, explosion zoneareas, car parks, and painting plants. TheADW 511 system is false alarm-proof andfailsafe. Intelligent electronic signalevaluation means that fires are detectedquickly and reliably. With continuous, fullyautomatic monitoring, maintenance workis reduced to a minimum. The ADW 511meets the response behavior according toEN 54-5, class A1, is VdS and UL approvedand has obtained the Certificate ofGerman Lloyds (offshore- and vesselapplications).

Linear heat detectors are based on thephysical principle that, for a given volume,the pressure of a gas changes whenever itstemperature changes. Over a distance ofapprox. 100m a copper sensor tubemonitors the ambient temperature. A firesource will heat up the sensor tube locallyand, with it, the air it contains. The changein pressure is instantly registered by anelectronic pressure sensor connected tothe extremity of the tube. To exclude faultymeasurements due to pressure losses, atest motor generates a specificoverpressure in the sensor tube at regularintervals. If the pressure rise actuallymeasured does not correspond to theprogrammed measured value, amalfunction indication is displayed. Thesystem is user-friendly, immune toelectrical, thermal and mechanicalinterference, and can be used as acombined rate-of-rise temperaturedetector/fixed temperature heat detector.

For more information, please contact:SecuritonRepresentative Office MalaysiaTel: +60 3 7725 1699Email: [email protected]

10 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

Fire Detection Technologyfrom Securiton Switzerland

Today’s operational demands on the Fire andRescue Services have changed dramatically sincethe days of the cork fire helmet, giving the needto provide increased levels of protection forpersonnel involved in fire and rescue operations.

It is generally accepted that less than a third ofall ‘call outs’ to the Fire and Rescue Services requirethe need for a structural fire fighting helmet. Otherincidents not requiring this type of helmet includeroad traffic accidents, woodland fire fighting, waterrescue, urban search and rescue and industrialincidents such as confined space rescue operations.

To meet these requirements HELMETINTEGRATED SYSTEMS LTD. (HISL) has developedits new Cromwell dual helmet system featuringtwo helmet shells that can be integrated into one.

The base helmet – the Cromwell ER1 – is forLevel 1 emergency and rescue operations that donot require a structural fire-fighting helmet.

The ER1 can also be used by paramedic,water rescue and civil defence personnel and isfitted with an internal goggle and a connectionfor optional ear defenders. In addition thehelmet can be configured for specialisedoperations such as heli-deck, coastguard, air sea

rescue and public security. The Cromwell FR2 with an integral full face

shield, has an internal clip arrangement enablingit to be fitted to the ER1 in seconds, providingadditional heat, flame and impact protection tothe wearer when undertaking structural firefighting operations.

The design of the modular internal connectionfor the two helmet shells ensures that there areno connections on the outside of the helmet thatare susceptible to potential impact damage, orheat load.

The FR2 can also be fitted with integralcommunications, neck capes and SCABAfacemask fixing points.

The Cromwell helmet is manufactured usingthe latest moulding techniques and materialsand has abeen developed to meet therequirements of the planned UK Fire ServicesIntegrated Clothing Project (ICP).

The new helmet is also designed withreference to published internationalanthropometrical data relating to both male andfemale fire fighters, and rescue personnel, acrossa range of ethnic groups, ensuring that thehelmet will be suitable for international use.

HISL, the Hertfordshire UK based, ISO 9001approved manufacturer of the new Cromwell,supplies most of the UK Fire Services with itsCromwell F500 and F600 fire helmets and is theleading international supplier of aircrew helmetsfor military and commercial aircraft.

HISL is able to offer sample helmets forevaluation and trial to interested fire andemergency service users.

For more information, please contact: Helmet Integrated Systems Ltd. Tel: +44 (0) 1462 478014 Email: [email protected]

The New Cromwell Dual Helmet System

News P. 5-13 21/11/06 8:52 am Page 10

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 11

WEIGHS LESSTHAN 1.5lbs

•UNIQUE FACEMASK SEAL

ERGONOMICS•

RAYTHEONMICRO

BOLOMETERSENSOR

SOLOvision is a fully operational thermal imagingcamera with Virtual Reality Viewing Optics. The lightweight and unique ergonomic design enables ‘handsfree’ operation.

The image is picked up through a centrally mountedcamera. Even in the thickest smoke and with theface visor entirely covered, the image seen by thewearer remains undiminished in quality.

Thermal image is displayed to the wearer throughaugmented viewing lenses.

Suitable for use with all knownbreathing apparatus sets.

SOLOvision’s outer shell comes with a lifetimewarranty. Subject to terms and conditions.

Thermal Image displayed through VR Viewing optics Solotic Imaging Camera

For information on all our fire fighting products or to arrange a demonstration, visit:www.gbsolo.co.uk | www.gbsolo.com | Tel: +44 1609 881855 | Fax: +44 1609 881103 | Email: [email protected]

News P. 5-13 21/11/06 8:52 am Page 11

Holmatro introduces the DPU 31 PC DuoPump – Personal Power® which has beendeveloped to meet the demand for a light

and silent duo pump for the simultaneous opera-tion of two rescue tools.

With a weight of only 25 kg and an excel-lent centre of gravity the DPU 31 PC Duo Pumpcan easily be carried by one person only. Mostcountries’ occupational health and safety regula-tions state that one person is not allowed to carryobjects heavier than 25 kg.

Another important feature is the low noise levelof 68 dB at 1 m distance. This is more comfortablefor the victim. It also provides a better workplace forthe rescuer because it is easier to communicate atthe rescue scene. The pump has an eco modeswitch: when connected tools are not used theengine automatically switches to eco mode for avery low noise level and fuel consumption.

The DPU 31 PC Duo Pump has LED lightingabove the valve block which allows for easy identi-fication of the pump location in the dark. Further-more, it facilitates coupling and uncoupling of thehoses.

The pump is also equipped with gauges at thefront for easy checking of oil and petrol levels. Thehydraulic oil contents of 2490 cc is sufficient tooperate two rescue tools at the same time.

The new DPU 31 PC Duo Pump is standardequipped with Holmatro’s new revolutionaryCORE™ Technology. This technology is a turningpoint in speed, ease and safety of operatinghydraulic rescue tools. In short, CORE™ Technolo-gy means that rescue tool and pump are connect-ed with one single hose-in-hose system.Instead of the traditional separate pressure andreturn hoses, the CORE™ system consists of ahigh-pressure inner hose inside a low-pressureouter hose.

For the DPU 31 PC Duo Pump and other duopumps equipped with CORE™ Technology thismeans that you only need two hoses instead offour to connect two tools to the pump. Every con-nection of a hose to a pump and tool means 2times coupling instead of 4, and 2 times clickingdustcaps together instead of 4. With a duo pumpthis means a saving of 8 times ‘coupling andclicking’!

A traditional rescue system requires the rescuerto switch the pump (valve) to neutral beforechanging (disconnecting and connecting) the res-cue tool is possible. Since DPU 31 PC Duo Pump isequipped with CORE™ Technology this enablesthe rescuer to change the tool while the hose is‘under flow’; the pump is running and the valve is

always selected. It is no longer necessary tochange the tool at the pump. On the contrary, therescuer can change his tool any time, wheneverthe circumstances require and without delay, evenwithout releasing pressure at the pump. Thismeans that the person standing near the pump forthis purpose can perform other rescue tasks.Working with CORE™ increases the rescuer’s flexi-bility, saves time and is much easier to handle.

Some other unique features and benefits ofCORE™ Technology are:

● free rotating couplings (360°): CORE™ hosescan be rolled and unrolled much easier andquicker than a traditional hose. It is thereforeimpossible for a CORE™ hose to get twisted.

● the user is never exposed to more than 25 bar:high-pressure hose inside low-pressure hose

● half as many couplings and dustcaps than witha traditional dual hose system: time-saving

● no pigtail hoses anymore; a CORE™ hose getscoupled directly at the tool, so the rescuer cancouple the tool in any position.

● CORE™ hoses are reinforced with state-of-the-art multi-layered Kevlar (no steel): kinking ofhoses is not possible. APF


PRODUCT PROFILE

Holmatro RescueEquipmentHolmatro® DPU 31 PC Duo Pump:light AND quiet

For further information,please contact:Holmatro RescueEquipmentP.O. Box 334940 AA RaamsdonksveerThe NetherlandsTel: + 31 162 58 92 00Email: [email protected]: www.holmatro.com

New Holmatro® DPU 31 PC Duo Pump withlow noise level of 68 dB, more comfortablefor victim and better workplace for rescuer



Evacuation systemsWhyThe September 11th events changed the worldfor ever but have also been an opportunity torevise evacuation and first-aid procedures asnever before. The truth is that the request forevacuation is a less probable necessity in caseof a terrorist attack than in that everyday life,like during natural disasters, gas leakages,chemical disasters, black-out or fire.

September 11th taught us also that, during anemergency evacuation, assistance is necessarynot only for the disabled. In many cases, assistedevacuation may become a necessity due tosevere disabilities, age or advanced mentaland/or physical stress. It is a reality that todaylogistic emergency operators recognize the valueand the importance of products which renderevacuations much more efficient.

Spencer’s Solution: Skid SeriesThe most relevant technical/aesthetic noveltyof this article is the adoption of passivecaterpillar belts which effortlessly glidedownstairs, with an elevated level of security.

On landing, the constructive geometry ofthe unit transfers all weight on the mainwheels to allow turning and movement.Moreover, the Pro Skid version is equippedwith front AND rear telescopic handles which

allow upstairs transport. A careful examinationof the whole chair will reveal a seat that hasbeen very carefully studied; aesthetically andin its conceptually free styling.

The aggresivity has been achieved by themixing of technical requirements. For examplethe tortuous conformation of the weldedframe or the obvious originality of the seatingposture. The precocity of the aesthetics isunderlined by the distribution of the angles,the backrest that can be telescopicallyinclined, the adjustable headrest and thehandles for transportation that can also be

detached from the chair itself. Innovative design and the maximum of

security possible when in use, make the newSkid Series an absolute novelty within theenvironment of evacuations and transport.

For more information, please contact:Spencer Italia S.r.l.Email: [email protected]: www.spencer.it

Pacific Helmets New Zealand havejust released their new F9“Firebreak3” multi-function helmet

The design is based around the recognition that formost urban crews wearing a full structural helmet allthe time, is over-kill for 90% of use. But when you needit you need it, so Pacific have introduced a lightweight(700 gms approx.) base helmet that urban or ruralcrews can wear at all times, including travelling to call-outs. This helmet is personal issue, and can be fittedwith helmet mounted torch, radio headset or earprotection. It can be a cap-style for RTA rescue, orbushfire shape with wider brim, or even a paramedicshelmet. All versions come with lateral impactprotection for head protection in appliance crashes.

Only if the incident is a structural fire, would thesecond-level shell be dropped onto the Level 1providing additional thermal, impact and face

protection. No tools are required, and it is just as easily removed. Combined weight around1350 gms. Normally this shell would be stored in the truck and not be personal issue.

Designed primarily for the Australian/NZ markets but expected to have wide appeal in manycountries, this helmet is currently completing certification to AS 1801 (base helmet) and AS 4067(structural helmet).

There is also a third level of protection available. Because there are some ultra-hot fire scenesand helmets get severely damaged in hot-firetraining schools, an over-shell with sacrificial but re-useable surface is available so that gear can beprotected from unnecessary grime and damage.

First production available early 2006.

New rechargeablesafety torch fromWolfWOLF SAFETY, the leading manufacturerand supplier of torches and portablelighting for use in explosiveatmospheres, has launched the first in itsrange of high-tech ATEX approvedrechargeable torches.

The robust, yet compact,ergonomically designed torch weighingonly 325g, a fraction of the weight ofother competitive safety torches with asimilar performance, incorporates a highefficiency 4-watt halogen bulb, offeringtwo levels of light output and three toseven hours light duration.

State of batterycharge isindicated with abar of highintensity red LEDswhich go out oneby one as thebattery chargediminishes.Towards the endof discharge, thebeam flashes offrepeatedly,warningrecharging isrequired.

Chargers areavailable with‘Quick’ (2.5h) or‘Standard’ (8h) charge rates, configuredto run from vehicle voltages, or mainswith a suitable transformer. A uniquefeature of the charger design is the singlehanded ‘snap-in; snatch-out’ torch holder,designed to give the dual function ofsecure torch retention but also quickrelease, ideal in emergency situations.

Wolf Safety’s new Rechargeable SafetyTorch, which is ATEX Approved for use inZones 1 and 2 explosive gas and dustatmospheres, also carries e ib IIC T4approval code, which complies withHome Office TB1/1997 breathingapparatus for firefighters.

Low maintenance, quick componentreplacement, easy to use switching –even with gloved hands – and an IP67rating, are other significant productbenefits supporting the claim that thistorch currently represents the best inrechargeable safety torch technology.

For more information, please contact:Wolf SafetyEmail: [email protected]: www.wolf-safety.co.uk

For more information, please contact:Pacific HelmetsEmail: [email protected]: www.pacifichelmets.com

Spencer developed a complete line

of Evacuation Chairs and systems,

outlined on the new website

Website: www.evacuationchair.net

NEWS

News P. 5-13 21/11/06 8:54 am Page 13

Today, modern footwear systems are able tooffer more than only protection to the foot bymeans of a steel toe cap and a steel mid-sole.

High-performance functional footwear should beadjusted to the wearer’s tasks and the associatedoccupational hazards.

A balanced foot climate does play here a veryimportant role. Especially anatomical points ofview are not considered in a norm but are veryimportant to avoid long-term damages to thehuman body as far it it is technically possible.

Good functional professional footwear shouldtherefore not only protect from incoming moisturebut also have systems which absorb foot perspira-tion during the daily usage and transport theoccurring foot perspiration outside by means ofmembrane and conditioning system, as for exam-ple the HAIX®-Climate-System.

To reduce the daily pressure which affects thefeet by body weight and equipment, the footwearshould be designed in a way that the weight isabsorbed during treading and the arising energy isconverted into kinetic energy. The right outsoledoes play a special role here. It has to supportwhilst reproducing the natural rolling movementof the human foot, work anti-skid and havefeatures that ease the wearer’s tasks. For this, footand boot has to unite. The choice of the correctshoe size and the anatomic shape forming of theinner shoe have a particular importance.

If the inner side of the shoe corresponds to theanatomical form of the human heel as far as possi-ble, foot and boot can unite. The shoe becomesthen the flexible foundation of the human body. Itprotects him, eases his tasks and avoids, as far aspossible, long-term health damages.

To guarantee all these characteristics during thewhole lifespan of the boot, it is an important pre-condition to select quality materials. Here, the cor-rect choice of leather and its processing is decisive.Only leathers that are worked to keep their shapefor a long period of time can base and support thefoot. This of course affects the price. HAIX®, theGerman producer of functional footwear, doesproduce footwear with these required characteris-tics. The article Fire Hunter convinces among otherproducts.

This fire fighting boot meets even the hardestrequirements. For optimal comfort, this boot isequipped with the HAIX®-MSL-System. Byinjecting PU foam it is attained that the boot iswaterproof, that the foot is cushioned from heelto ball during going and standing, and that upper, insole and outsole are connected durably.This high-tech functional boot is equipped withwaterproof leather and the GORE-TEX® mem-brane, the HAIX®-Climate-System and a rubbertoe cap. It is antistatic according to DIN EN344/345. With its rubber outsole having a marked

tread, it is solid when standing, in the country,when standing on ladders, and it is extremely nonskid.

A penetration proof insole worked into thesole protects the wearer from hurtful impacts frombelow. The sole distinguishes by a marked heelfront, is oil and fuel resistant and non-marking. The basis for this perfect functionalboot is as for all articles produced at HAIX® theknowledge of the usage, the operational area andthe daily strain.

Accurate workmanship, technical know-how andusing innovative material as the GORE-TEX® mem-brane combined with other strictly controlled rawmaterials, create practically orientated products onwhich one can fully rely in every situation. APF


PRODUCT PROFILE

Haix-SchuheProfessionals need professionalfootwear

For more information, please contact:Haix-SchuheAuhofstr. 10D-84048 MainburgGermanyTel: +49 8751 86 250Email: [email protected]: www.haix.com


VSD, or Video Smoke Detection, has, since itwas developed in the late 1990s, establisheditself as the fastest and most accurate tech-

nology for the early detection of a fire with pin-point exactness. Managing Director, Ian Moore,explains how the system works and where itsfuture lies in fire detection.

VSD is a camera-based fire detection system,which is used extensively in lofty and voluminousareas that traditionally have been a challenge forfire safety professionals. It works by utilising stan-dard CCTV images that are analysed by image pro-cessing software, which looks for the particular‘pattern’ that smoke produces. By programmingthe software to look for the anticipated smokeover a specified area within the camera’s image,an exceptionally fast response can be assured.Once smoke has been detected, VSD alerts theoperator, as well as giving a visual representationof the smoke on the system’s monitor.

There is no doubt that VSD is the most appropri-ate system for a number of buildings. Power gener-ation halls; warehouses; atria; historic buildings;tunnels; cold stores; onshore and offshore petro-chemical installations; aircraft hangars; and shop-ping centres all vary in height, size and airflow. Theyrequire a system that detects the smoke at itssource, and does not wait for the smoke to reachthe detector before raising the alarm. This is precise-ly what VSD does, and so provides an early warningthat is impossible with conventional detection.

Among the most frequently asked questions is;how close does the smoke have to be before it isdetected by the CCTV cameras? Theoretically, thesystem can detect a fire on the moon. However itwould need a clear night, a five-kilometre smokeplume and a camera with a three-metre lens! Ineveryday terms though, the appropriate camera andlens, in relation to the protected area, are determinedwhen the site survey is carried out. The camera lensand line-of-sight determine the viewing area, andestablish the distance between the potential fire andthe VSD cameras. As a rough guide to detecting afire, ten percent of the VSD monitor height needs toregister smoke. This sensitivity can, however, beincreased or decreased by programming.

It is often cited as a worry that pollutants,which are part of the normal environment, willaffect VSD’s ability to detect smoke. This is not thecase, as the system is engineered to accommodatethe environmental pollutants by adjusting thesmoke detection parameters. During the commis-sioning period, unwanted alarm phenomena isengineered out, and smoke tests are performed oneach camera to ensure that the system is workingeffectively in all likely environmental conditions.

Greater accuracy – faster responseVSD has many advantages over conventionaldetection systems. These include its accuracyregarding the precise location of the smoke; that itrequires only basic operator training; and that its

use reduces the potential risk to personnel byremotely viewing the incident.

A single camera provides a large area of protec-tion that can be separated into easily identifiablezones, so reducing the areas that need to be phys-ically searched. The cameras can be wall-mounted,allowing VSD to protect areas that cannot be easi-ly accessed. Cost saving is also significant, espe-cially if a large area needs to be protected. This ismost evident where there are suitable, existingCCTV cameras, as many of the installations are acombined CCTV security and fire detection system.

VSD can also help reduce false alarms. As partof both the design survey and commissioningphases, areas of potential false alarms are identi-fied, and programming steps are taken to eradi-cate them. An on-site trial period will identify anyfurther problems not evident at initial set-up, andthese can then be engineered-out during the finalcommissioning stage.

Another of the most commonly asked questionsis; can smoke be detected in low light conditions?In short, for the system to detect the smoke, itmust be ‘visible’. In low light conditions this canbe accomplished with relative ease using low-lightCCTV cameras and/or infrared illumination,depending on the light levels envisaged.

Integration with existing systemsThere is very little involved in integrating CCTVand VSD, providing an effective dual-use for thecameras. As long as the existing cameras are thefixed type, of adequate quality, and cover the areathat is deemed to be at risk, all that is required is astandard analogue video feed from each camera.This can be “T-Tapped” from the back of themultiplexer unit to minimise installation work.

It is also fairly simple, and very economic, tointegrate a VSD system with a fire detection systemor building management system. As VSD providesfreely programmable, volt-free outputs, compatibil-ity is ensured with all systems that accept an input.In this instance, each camera can have its own out-put or a summary output, and this is programmedto meet the customer’s requirements. VSD alsoprovides fault outputs to the required system formonitoring in the same way. APF


PRODUCT PROFILE

D-Tec LimitedVSD – the ultimate fire detection solution

For more information, please contact:D-Tec LimitedTurner House9-10 Mill LaneAltonHampshireGU34 2QGUKTel: +44 (0) 870 458 1517Email: [email protected]: www.dtec-fire.com


Foam fire fighting systems - we’ve got it covered

Skum 70 years of exceptional reliability

When quick reactions under extreme stress are needed, it

matters that the tools to deliver are both unquestionably

reliable and specifically designed for the task. If you fight fire

fast with the right combination of product and delivery system,

you can save lives, critical assets and scarce resources.

Skum brings over 70 years of invaluable expertise to fire

fighting. Backed by a programme of continuous research

and development, Skum has an enviable reputation at the

forefront of fire fighting technology and is renowned

worldwide for its quality and innovation. Innovations such

as Hot Foam™ systems for enclosed spaces or the unique

FJM corrosion free monitor.

In short, Skum has it covered.

Typical high risk applications

• Petro-chemicalOil terminal; Storage tank protection; Bund protection

• MarineTankers; Machinery spaces; Ferries; Offshore support and Fire fighting vessels

• AviationHangars; Helidecks; Crash vehicles

• Power Generating PlantsTransformers; Cable tunnels; Conveyors; Coal bunkers

• IndustrySprinkler systems; Foam spray deluge systems; Medium/high expansion foam systems

For further information, please contact:Tyco Safety Products,

Le Pooleweg 5, 2314 XT Leiden, Netherlands Tel: +31 (0)71 5419 415 Fax: +31 (0)71 5417 330Email: [email protected] Web: www.skum.com

HotFoam™ systems forenclosed areas

Systems for high risk sitesSystems for aircraft hangars

HotFoam is a trademark of a subsidiary of Tyco Holdings (UK) Ltd. Copyright © A subsidiary of Tyco Holdings (UK) Ltd.

707t Skum/APF Dec05 FP 8/12/05 6:57 pm Page 1


AIRCRAFT

The possibility of, and need for, extinguishing afire that can occur either immediately follow-ing an aircraft accident or incident, or at any

time during rescue operations, must be assumedat all times. The first rule of airport fire fighting isto protect the passenger evacuation areas. Agentsselected must exhibit good fire knockdown andextended burn-back resistance for this reason. Themost important factors bearing on effective rescuein a survivable aircraft accident are the trainingreceived, the effectiveness of the equipment, and

the speed with which personnel and equipmentdesignated for rescue and firefighting purposescan be put to use.

Any airport rescue and firefighting serviceshould be equipped, trained and prepared to han-dle the largest aircraft anticipated to come into theairport. This training and equipment should allmeet international consensus standards such asNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) andInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)Standards and Practices. In the United States these

By Joseph A. Wright, Sr.

ARFF Technical Services, Inc. Red Lion, Pennsylvania

Very LargeTransportAircraft (VLTA)Airbus A380 Fire Protection Needs for Post-Crash ConditionsThe principal objective of a rescue and firefighting service is to save lives. Theequipment chosen, the number and selection of personnel, and the trainingreceived need to be geared towards this goal. This objective may includerequirements for direct interior firefighting intervention. For this reason, thepreparation for dealing with an aircraft accident or incident occurring at, or inthe immediate vicinity of, an airport is of primary importance because it is withinthis location that the greatest opportunity to save lives exists.

P. 19-25 21/11/06 8:57 am Page 19

airports would also have to meet the indexrequirements of the Federal Aviation Administra-tion’s (FAA) Federal Air Regulation (FAR) Part 139.This will require the construction of a state-of-the-art training facility that will emulate these largeaircraft. Airports that are projected to receiveservices of the next generation Very Large Trans-port Aircraft (VLTA) like the new Airbus IndustriesA380 need their fire fighters to receive training at facilities of the size and scope of this newaircraft. This aircraft will have the potential ofcarrying 600 to 1000 passengers traveling onthree levels of occupancy, and should there be anaccident, it will be of the highest magnitude andwill test the tactics and strategies of the anyAirport Emergency Plan.

Airports located at Los Angeles (California),Seattle (Washington), Orlando (Florida), Singapore,Bangkok (Thailand), Paris (France), London (Eng-land), Sydney (Australia), and New York (USA) will potentially be just a few of the cities whichairlines will want to utilize the capabilities of theAirbus A380 to provide long range flight service.

There will be many other locations throughout theworld where the advantages of long range, plushinterior accommodations, and large passengercapacities will dictate the A380 as the aircraft ofchoice.


ARFF vehicles will needan Extended ReachElevated Boom

VERY LARGE TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT (VLTA) AIRBUS A380 AIRCRAFT

Airports that are projected to

receive services of the next

generation Very Large

Transport Aircraft (VLTA) like

the new Airbus Industries A380

need their fire fighters to

receive training at facilities of

the size and scope of this

new aircraft.

P. 19-25 21/11/06 8:58 am Page 20

This new aircraft will be very complex, and willhave many areas in which disorientated passen-gers may become trapped due to the aircraftbeing filled with smoke. Should a post-crash firedevelop, the flow of escaping passengers maytake quite a bit more time then the proposed 90seconds evacuation time. Some variations of theaircraft may include sleeping quarters on the lowerdeck for Business and First Class travelers. Theabove illustration depicts the size and growth fromnarrow body aircraft to the new Airbus A380series of aircraft. When viewing the cutaway draw-ing of the Airbus A380 aircraft, it can be seen thatshould an accident occur with some impact to theairframe, many of the compartments of the air-craft could be damaged and require a detailedconfined space search and rescue approach topassenger extrication.

Currently there is no requirement to have air-port fire fighters trained in confined space rescueprocedures. In the United States there is not a sin-gle training facility that provides for second levelaircraft fire fighting or rescue operations at this

time. Fire fighters need to train using the tools andequipment necessary while replicating second levelresponses.

The Airbus A380 has a high percentage of newcomposite materials. These materials will bringwith them new dangers and problems for firefighter protection. New strategies and tactics forfire fighting, medical evacuation, post-crash clean-up, and accident investigation will require a higherdegree of protection and concern from the relateddust and debris. High energy cold foam can beused to temporarily seal the dust and provide adegree of protection while passengers areremoved and other emergency services are provid-ed. The thick foam when applied can be built upon the surfaces of debris to prevent the movementof fine particulate dust into the air.

Emerging technologies should be integratedinto the Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF)services rescue and firefighting strategies, as well.Among these technologies are elevated extend-able booms equipped with systems that can pierce



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P. 19-25 21/11/06 8:58 am Page 21

the skin of the aircraft cabin to deliver agent tothe various levels of the burning interior earlyenough to increase passenger survivability rates.These elevated extendable boom devices can alsodeliver agent low to the ground, or they can beextended for high-reach applications. Firefightingattack teams, which currently lack the specializedequipment necessary for the Airbus A380, willhave to work off of handheld ladders, climbing ashigh as 27 feet (9 meters) above the ground to

reach the aircraft. Not only is this difficult, time-consuming, and dangerous, but it has not provedto be effective.

Ten emergency slides will extend out from eachside of the Airbus A380 aircraft approximately 30to 40 feet. Passengers will be coming down fromboth of the major occupied levels of the aircraftsimultaneously, thus it will be difficult for fire fight-ers to gain early entry into the cabin or positionnecessary passenger egress equipment such asrolling stairways near the door openings to make atimely interior entry. High winds could easily liftslides from the ground making them unusable. Alot of manpower will be needed to assist evacuat-ing passengers at the bottom of the slide areas.Early suppression of interior fires can be accom-plished if the proper equipment is available. Thus itis important to have the ability to pierce the air-craft with an extendable elevated boom fittedwith a piercing device which will allow the earlyintervention of fine mist water spray into the cabinareas should the need arise.

A new device such as this to service the


Cutaway drawing of theAirbus A380 courtesy ofAirbus Industries, France


The new extendible booms

provide for two high-capacity

monitors which can be

individually controlled at the

midpoint boom position and at

the high elevation position of

the fully extended arm. In

addition, the piercing nozzle

device is now hydraulically

assisted to aid in piercing the

heavy skin of the Airbus A380

or other similar aircraft. Second Level AirstairsVehicle

P. 19-25 21/11/06 8:59 am Page 22

firefighting needs of the Airbus A380 has recentlybeen developed. The height of the Airbus A380required the reworking of the current design toallow the reach to be extended to 65 feet. Thenew design can be positioned at the open secondlevel doorway of the A380 aircraft or can pierceabove the window levels on the second level ofthe aircraft.

With both upper and lower evacuations slidescoming off the aircraft from both sides of the air-craft, it was important to be able to have substan-tial vehicle standoff from the vehicle’s position andside of the aircraft. The new design of extendableboom has the greatest standoff distance of anyelevated boom manufactured far for this airportrescue purpose. A 34-foot reach from the front ofthe vehicle’s bumper to the side of the aircraftshould allow positioning in close quarters to theevacuation slides and allow the elevated boom to reach up, out, and over slides without interfer-ing with the emergency operation of the slides.This was an important factor in the considerationto develop the new elevated extendable boomsystem.

Technical advancements have improved opera-tion of the extendable booms. These improve-ments include three extendable boom arms toprovide increased reach and upgraded computercontrols to reduce extension times and provideoperators with ease of operation and positivefeedback. The new extendible booms provide fortwo high- capacity monitors which can be individ-ually controlled at the midpoint boom position andat the high elevation position of the fully extendedarm. In addition, the piercing nozzle device is nowhydraulically assisted to aid in piercing the heavyskin of the Airbus A380 or other similar aircraft.The new design can also be fitted with a optionalmanifold system to allow hand lines to be runfrom the area of the piercing nozzle. This willgreatly reduce the problem of getting hand linesinto the interior second level should there be aneed for this strategy.

Improvements in thermal imaging, multipleagent capability, and vehicle designs are keepingpace with the new challenges of VLTA deploy-ment. However, all of this technology also requires


The new designs will betaller than existingdesigns


Fire protection is too serious a subject to be taken lightly. You don’t buysomething as vital as fire fighting foam hoping that it’ll work when and if it hasto. You have to be sure. Which means selecting high performance foamconcentrates from a specialist source – like Total Walther.

Reliable Total Walther products have been safeguarding life and property forover 100 years. Our complete range of environmentally sustainable, syntheticfire fighting foams is used worldwide, protecting critical assets in high-riskenvironments.

Part of the global family of Tyco Fire & Security foam agents, Total Walthersynthetic foams provide cost-effective, high performance solutions. Don’t playat fire protection. Choose Total Walther for total peace of mind. Weconcentrate on foam - so you don’t have to.

w w w. t w f l . c o m

For further information, please contact:Tyco Safety Products, Le Pooleweg 5, 2314 XT Leiden,Netherlands. Tel: +31 (0)71 5419 415 Fax: +31 (0)71 5417 330 E-mail [email protected]

Concentrate on foam; we do.

Synthetic Fire Fighting Foams

P. 19-25 21/11/06 8:59 am Page 23

proper training. Computerized simulators are nowavailable to aid in this training. This is a uniquedevice which allows the vehicle operators to trainand hone their operator skills at several levels ofproficiency without leaving the fire station. Thecomputer simulator trainer will come includes acomputer with preloaded software and consolecontrols which match the specific truck installa-tion. The simulator can be delivered up to 90 daysbefore the actual truck arrives at the fire station.This allows firefighter to have the advantage oflearning the controls and operation of thesespecialized components before the real systemsarrives. This reduces vehicle use for training

purpose and lowers maintenance cost by havingproficient operators.

Due to the large number of evacuation slidesand potential passengers to be evacuated from theAirbus A380 aircraft, specialized evacuation-assistvehicles will be needed to replace slides that faildue to fire exposure. Fire fighters will need mobilestairways with off-road capability to assist in evac-uation and to serve as platforms from which toolscan be provided to perform positive ventilationprocedures to remove toxic smoke from the air-craft. Fire personnel must be able to drive thesemobile stairways safely off-road, yet the stairways

must be able to reach more than 27 feet (9meters) into the air.

In conclusion, the Airbus A380 presents certainchallenges to the ARFF community due to its sizeand the large passenger capacity. Specialized train-ing facilities which match the size and scope ofthe aircraft will need to be built. Special advancedcomposite materials will require unique fire protec-tion strategies and tactics. New rescue vehiclesthat can provide both an escape route for fleeingpassengers and a work platform for firefightingequipment will be needed. Early suppression ofinterior fires will require higher reach extendablebooms with piercing nozzle capability which canwork over and away from emergency slides andevacuating passengers. Finally, there will be a greatneed for additional manpower to assist passengersand hold slides at ground level under high windconditions. APF


Extended ReachElevated Boom


Joseph Wright was the Program Manager for

Aircraft Rescue and FireFighting Research for the

Federal AviationAdministration and retired

after 34 for years in the year2000, from the FAA’s WilliamJ. Hughes Technical ResearchCenter located at the Atlantic

City International Airport,Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Computerized SimulatorTrainer with MatchingJoystick Controls toSpecific TruckInstallation

Fire fighters will need mobile

stairways with off-road

capability to assist in

evacuation and to serve as

platforms from which tools can

be provided to perform

positive ventilation procedures

to remove toxic smoke from

the aircraft.

P. 19-25 21/11/06 8:59 am Page 24


e2v technologiestel: +44 (0) 1245 453727 • www.argusdirect.com/apf2Argus® 3 - Trademark liensed from Argus Industries Inc.

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• spot and ambient temperature measurement

• integrated wireless video outputArgus®3

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PUMPS

There are increasing demands for a portablepump to be lighter, more compact and yetstill give a powerful and reliable performance.

In addition the space available in appliance com-partments becomes more restricted as fire trucksare used in a wider variety of situations and needto carry a greater variety of equipment to cover allpotential problems. In the UK the equipment mustconform to the appropriate Home office stan-dards, in the case of portable pumps – JCDD/30.

In European countries there are the PREN stan-dards for portable pumps to be considered, theseprimarily address health and safety aspects as wellas important pump features, such as operatorcontrols and instrumentation.

Although lightness and compactness are highpriorities, durability and a high build quality mustnot be compromised. The pump must performimmediately and at the full rated performanceevery time this is needed. In a fire or rescuescenario there is no second chance!!

The engine must be simple to operate and once

running the pump should be easy to prime andrun. Hand start and the easier electric start areoften selected by the customer. Features such aspump priming can be either hand pump, exhaustgas, piston or vane type depending on clientpreferences.

A wrap-around stainless steel frame ensure thatthe unit is not easily damaged yet at the sametime is easy to manoeuvre. On the larger porta-bles, either integral wheel assembly for localmanoeuvring or a separate detachable wheelassembly for longer transportation are often avail-able as factory supplied options. These frames arenormally fitted with adjustable handles that can, insome cases, be extended to ease carrying the unit.

The power source for a portable pump is typi-cally a lightweight petrol or diesel engine of thesmallest physical dimensions and weight but yetreliable and easy to operate. These are often aircooled at the lower end of the power scale –typically <20BHP.

Bigger engines are needed for the larger capacity

By David Burton

Hale Products Europe

Firefighter training inSumatra, Indonesia. Pic courtesy of HaleEurope

Portable PumpsThe portable pump has always been an integral part of the firefighter’sequipment, it is a flexible unit playing many roles – supplying water from opensources to the main vehicle pump, as a back-up to the main pump, as a pump torelieve flooding and also as an independent pump. In the latter role a portablepump of suitable capacity is ideally suited to be fitted to a locally producedtanker and thus produce an economic yet versatile fire fighting truck. Anotheruse of the portable pump is for feeding fire hydrant systems, for example thefollowing photographs show pumps installed in a hydrant system protecting anoilfield in Sumatra.

P. 27-29 21/11/06 9:10 am Page 27

portable pumps but again weight and size are keyfeatures that need to be considered. With theselarger engines it is often necessary to move toclosed circuit water cooling where a water-to-water heat exchanger replaces an air-to-waterradiator system and thus gives significant weightsavings with no reduction in cooling efficiency.Closed circuit cooling systems are preferable asthese do not discharge water into the groundaround the pump and thus cause the area tobecome subject to waterlogging or freezingdepending on the inclement weather.

The Malaysian fire service receive training on aconsignment of pumps recently delivered.

Due to the inherent weight of diesel engines, itis unlikely that portable pumps above the smallersizes can really be called portable units but when mounted permanently on a small forestrytype fire truck the diesel weight becomes less ofan issue. Another option is to mount the dieselengined pump on a small trailer, thus ensuringmobility without compromising the requiredperformance.

As a contrast the smallest and most portablepumps are the floating type, designed for use inremote rural areas where rivers or ponds are oftenthe only source of water. Typically these pumpsfeature a single cylinder, 2 stroke engine mountedon a high-strength polyethylene float and can pro-duce up to 500 L/min discharge. With the pumpdirectly connected to the water source no suctionhoses are required and priming is automatic.

Fuel available is also an issue – petrol units are lighter than diesels but if diesel is the onlyavailable fuel then the choice is made for theclient.

Petrol power can be by two or four strokeengines but the ease and simplicity of four strokefuelling cannot be underestimated.

Servicing of the pumps should be straightfor-ward and all the necessary spares inexpensive andreadily available. The Manufacturer’s warranty isexpected to be at least 12 months duration.

Safety is as always a high priority with particularattention focusing on the engine exhaust thatmust be fitted with a guard to protect the opera-tor from high temperatures.

In addition to these features, portable pumpsnow incorporate a high level of instrumentation,controls and optional lighting masts. The lightingmast is a useful addition as often, particularlywhen relaying, the portable pump is located awayfrom the main area of operation and likely to belocated in an area where night time illumination isunavailable.

In the not too distant future portable pumpdesign and manufacture will be subject to theEuropean standards devised by the CEN (ComitéEuropéen Normalisation). A technical committee,CEN/TC 192, comprised of leading Europeanpump manufacturers has been devising these stan-dard. The current definition of a portable pump isgiven as –

“Portable pumps are motor pumps designed forfirefighting which can be transported by hand tothe site of operation and which are driven by acombustion engine. Portable pumps are intendedto be not permanently mounted in firefighting andrescue service vehicles.

This European standard deals with significanthazards, hazardous situations and events, arisingfrom portable pumps used as intended or arisingfrom conditions foreseen by the manufacturer orthe manufacturer’s authorised representative. Itaddresses the construction, setting, and operationof the portable pump”

Of course a great number of these points havealready been addressed by pump manufacturers asan integral part of a continuous product improve-ment policy.

It is essential for the pump manufacturer toconsult the end user from the early stages of newproduct development to ensure the pump meets,and where possible exceeds, the firefighter’srequirements. The pump manufacturers and themain professional organisations (UK based) – Insti-tute of Fire Engineers, Chief Fire Officers Associa-tion and the FIRESA (fire suppliers association) –are regularly in contact through conferences andexhibitions for feedback and discussion on pumpspecification improvement. In general, the overallstrategic aim is to produce lighter, more compactbut also more powerful pumps.

The performance and standard of portablepumps available for firefighters today continues to improve mainly due to the combination ofcustomer’s expectations, improved technology,competing manufacturers and the introduction ofexacting European standards. There are over 2,000portable fire pumps in action with UK fire brigadesalone, it remains a key and powerful part of the fire fighters armoury to ensure flexibility of operation under demanding situations. APF


Pic courtesy of HaleEurope

PORTABLE PUMPSPUMPS

Floating pump. Pic courtesy of HaleEurope

P. 27-29 21/11/06 9:11 am Page 28


Pumps that lives depend on

When lives are at stake you must have the pump that is specifically designed for the task.

Angus Fire supplies a full range of petrol and diesel portable fire pumps specifically for fire

fighting professionals from 12hp (9kW) to 60hp (44kW).

THAME PARK ROAD, THAME OXFORDSHIRE OX9 3RT, ENGLAND TEL: +44 (0) 1844 265000 FAX: +44 (0) 1844 265156

E.mail: [email protected] Web-site www.angusfire.co.ukor visit our

WATEROUS COMPANYREGISTERED TO ISO 9001

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Trust Waterous.Waterous combines versatility, durability, ease of operation in the latest additions to our E600 Series motor pumps.These sleek, lightweight motor pumps offer:

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parts or warranty requests

To find out how your brigade can benefit from owningan E600 Series motor pump, call or e-mail today!

Waterous AustraliaPh: 07 5522 8930Fax: 07 5525 2830Email: [email protected]

Visit us at www.waterous-australia.com

P. 27-29 21/11/06 9:11 am Page 29

TNT Rescue w/p 10/12/05 10:47 am Page 1


Removing the door: oneof the ways to createspace to get early accessto the victim in case ofinjuries that requiretreatment andmonitoring throughoutthe extrication process

If we break down the procedure required for asuccessful extrication job we very quickly noticethat all extrication jobs consist of a series of basic

extrication techniques. It is for this reason that Ifeel so strongly about providing those doing thissort of work with educational material focused onhow to efficiently and effectively get such basictechniques done. When a rescuer has the ability todo these various techniques well all they have todo is use a certain combination of the techniquesdepending on the situation to get the overallextrication job done.

If we start at the very beginning we have tofirstly consider stabilisation of the vehiclesinvolved. Good stabilisation will allow for the restof the extrication job to be performed safely andeffectively. Stabilisation is often referred to as thefoundation on which a successful extrication can

be performed. With this in mind it makes all thesense in the world to do it well. Having said thiswe have to remember that doing something wellat an extrication job cannot mean taking toomuch time to get it done. Stabilisation needs to beperformed quickly and without too much delay, asmost of the rest of the extrication cannot beginuntil it is done. This highlights the need for thosethat have to do the stabilisation to be familiar withthe basic generic techniques that can be used. Byunderstanding these techniques well the job ofstabilisation can be done properly the first timewithout taking too much time. This will greatlyincrease the success of the overall extrication job.If the job is done properly the first time valuabletime can be saved by not having to fix all theproblems with the stabilisation later.

After stabilisation has been performed the next

By Brendon Morris

VehicleExtricationTechniquesThere is a need for a good understanding of the various basic generic extricationtechniques to perform an extrication rescue successfully. All too often we getinvolved with developing extensive and often complicated extricationprocedures, when what is really required is the ability to carry out a certainamount of basic generic extrication techniques effectively and efficiently to getthe job done.

EXTRICATION

P. 31-33 21/11/06 9:17 am Page 31

step is to gain access to the victims entrapped.Glass management often forms an integral part ofthis but equally important is the ability to createopenings into the deformed vehicle as well as thecreation of space around the victims. Space creationand victim access early allows for more effectivemedical management of the entrapped victims. Thisis exceptionally important when victims may havecritical injuries that require treatment and monitor-ing throughout the extrication process. To be ableto get space creation done all the rescuers wieldingthe rescue tools need to be very comfortable withtechniques such as door removal, or in some casesperhaps even a B-pillar rip. Of course having theright kind of tools to do these techniques is impor-tant but always remember that all the equipment inthe world won’t mean a thing if we don’t knowhow to use them properly and safely.

Very often the next major extrication considera-tion is going to be what opening to remove thevictim out of. Bearing in mind the likelihood ofinternal injury as well as the fact that extensivemovement of the body during victim removal caneasily worsen injury, the answer to this questionhas to be: the biggest hole we can make. Not hav-ing to do any more extrication work and merelyremoving the victim through the small opening cre-ated by removing the door is often very attractiveto the rescuer. However with the understanding ofthe potential for worsening injury as discussedabove we need to wherever possible remove theroof and extricate the victims up and out of theirentrapped position. This use of upward movement

is far less likely to lead to any worsening of the vic-tim’s condition. Of course to do this type of victimremoval the roof has to be removed. Here againthe need for good knowledge of basic extricationtechniques is critical for a successful removal of thevictim. In order to do this, techniques such as roofflap or complete roof removal are required.

In many cases merely creating a large openingsuch as removing the roof is not enough. Entrap-ment of frontal victims especially the driver is oftencaused by displacement of the dashboard andsteering wheel down onto the victim. This type ofentrapment, especially seen with frontal impacts,requires dashboard displacement to allow forremoval of the victim. Again a generic extricationtechnique such as a dashboard roll is required. Thiscan be a tricky technique to use if the rescuer isnot familiar with the various ins and outs of theprocedure. A perfect example of this is the impor-tance of the sequence in which this techniquemust be performed. With the use of more exten-sive reinforcement of the frontal dash area in vehi-cles now on the roads the correct sequence hasbecome more important than ever before.

The sequence I am referring to above is the wayin which a ram should be positioned in the openingof the front door before the relief cuts are madeinto the base of the A-pillar. The reason for this isthe fact that relief cuts into the base of the A-pillarbefore ram placement may well lead to the dash-board and steering wheel moving further downonto the victim. This will certainly not make the vic-tims condition any better and should obviously be


Make sure that thevehicles involved arestabilised properly; thissaves time and will allowthe rest of theextrication job to beperformed safely andeffectively

VEHICLE EXTRICATION TECHNIQUESEXTRICATION

P. 31-33 21/11/06 9:17 am Page 32

avoided at all costs. Of course knowing the tech-nique is only one side of the coin. Equally importantto being able to perform the technique effectively isthe fact that the rescuer has to have the best equip-ment for the job in his or her hands. For instance, inthe case of a dash roll, having a hydraulic systemwith a change-under-flow possibility (such as theCORE™ system) will greatly increase the efficiencyof the technique. With such a system the rescuerwill be able to change between the ram and cutterwithout ever having to consider having the systemput into neutral to allow for this. Even in the case ofa dual outlet pump that is able to run two toolssimultaneously, there will always be the need tochange between the cutter and the ram.

In conclusion we always have to remember thathaving a good working knowledge of the basictechniques used in extrication is paramount tosuccess. The only way to reach this place is topractice. Remember we should not be using theactual collision scene for this practice. We have tofind the time to practice away from the rescuescene. Also make sure to take a look at the tech-niques on paper or on the computer screen occa-sionally. This will always be beneficial especiallywhere extrication jobs are not so common.

For a step-by-step explanation of the techniquesdiscussed in the article take a closer look at Hol-matro’s Vehicle Extrication Techniques Training Pro-gramme. The basis of this educational programmeis a compact, yet comprehensive 100-page bookthat is translated into various languages includingChinese. A series of 8 posters with step-by-stepexplanations of basic extrication techniques bymeans of many clarifying illustrations and a CD-ROM with many animations and videos completethe programme and make it highly suitable for(classroom) training, reference or to brush up yourpersonal skills. Apart from a main focus on variousextrication techniques the programme also dealswith related topics, such as safety, equipmenthandling, new vehicle design and construction,and vehicle stabilization. For more information see www.holmatro.com APF


A CORE™ system allowsfor changing underflow: the rescuer canchange between theram and cutter withoutconsidering having thesystem put into neutralto allow for this

VEHICLE EXTRICATION TECHNIQUESEXTRICATION

Ph. 630.515.1800 Fax: 630.515.8866

2700 Wisconsin Ave. Downers Grove, IL 60515 USA

www.amkus.com email:[email protected]

Brendon Morris is theTraining Manager atHolmatro Rescue Equipmentin The Netherlands. Brendonhas been academicallytrained in both medical andtechnical rescue. Hisextensive experience in theextrication of victims fromvehicles was generated inSouth Africa, where he wasemployed as RescueParamedic in the service ofan ambulance and rescueteam. He was also attachedas a teacher to theDepartment of EmergencyMedical Care & Rescue of the Durban University ofTechnology. In his presentposition he trains firebrigades, rescue services andtraining schools all over theworld. Through the exchangeof knowledge and experienceduring these trainingsessions, Brendon is keptabreast continuously of thelatest developments in thefield of technical rescue.

P. 31-33 21/11/06 9:17 am Page 33


By Arthur J. Parker, P.E.

Senior Fire ProtectionEngineerHughes Associates, Inc.Baltimore, Maryland,U.S.A.

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMSPROTECTION

Passive fire protection systems, such as fireresistance rated boundaries, through-penetra-tion fire stop systems, and fireproofing materi-

als, limit the spread of fire (and smoke) beyond theroom or area of origin by containing the fire.Building codes recognize the importance of thisbalanced design approach by requiring minimumfire resistance ratings for structural building andseparation elements (floors and walls), and theinstallation of active fire protection systems (inmost occupancies). The intent is to limit the risk tolife and property to an acceptable level by requir-ing somewhat redundant safety systems.

Passive fire protection systems must be inspectedat the time of installation to insure the highestlevel of initial reliability. A regular inspection and

maintenance program assures continued reliabilityof the passive fire protection system over the lifeof the building. Initial inspections are typically pro-vided for in the building code through specialinspections or requirements for the installation ofcertified resistance rated assemblies. Regularinspections and maintenance are not typicallyrequired by the building codes, rather by the insur-er of the building, with the frequency dependingon the insurance underwriter and/or the type ofoccupancy.

The only installed passive fire protection materi-al currently subjected to special inspections in theU.S building codes is sprayed fire-resistive materi-als (SFRM). Other products, such as thin-film intu-mescents, through-penetration fire stop systems,

Passive FireProtectionSystemsInsuring Their Role in a BalancedFire Protection DesignA balanced fire protection design incorporates both active and passive fireprotection systems working in concert to minimize the effects of fire on lifesafety and property. Active fire protection systems, such as automaticsuppression and detection systems, detect, alert, control, and extinguish a fire inits incipient stages.

Fire door testing. Pic courtesy of ChilternInternational Fire

P. 34-35 21/11/06 9:18 am Page 34

gypsum wallboard, concrete masonry units (CMU),fire doors and glazing materials are typically onlysubjected to inspections by the local buildingofficial after installation as a system or assemblybefore final building sign-off is obtained. In orderto function as required, each of these productsmust be installed per the certification requirementsand the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Inspection of installed SFRM are conductedusing field testing standards which verify that the minimum SFRM density, thickness, andadhesion/cohesion (bond strength) performanceparameters have been met. The American Societyfor Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Associa-tion of the Wall and Ceiling Industries – Interna-tional (AWCI) have developed test standards forconducting field tests of SFRM installed on build-ing structural steel to verify the performance para-meters specified by the certification agency havebeen met. AWCI has also developed a test methodfor conducting field testing of the installed thick-ness of thin-film intumescent materials.

Currently, U.S. building codes do not includespecial inspection requirements for verifying theinstallation of field installed through-penetrationfire stop systems. However, ASTM has developed astandard practice which provides guidance forconducting field inspections of installed fire stopsystems to insure their installation is in accordancewith the certification requirements and the manu-facturer’s installation instructions. Procedures forconducting destructive tests on a small percentageof each unique type of installed fire stop systemper floor or minimum floor area for larger build-ings, or witnessing the new installation of theseproducts are provided. The incorporation of thistest method into the building codes may occur inthe near future, thus providing another standard-ized inspection method for common passive fireprotection materials. In general, all SFRM, thin-filmintumescent, and through-penetration systems relyon random testing by independent third-partyorganizations, hired by the building owner or gen-eral contractor, to verify their proper installation.

For other types of passive fire protection sys-tems, such as floors, walls, doors, and glazingmaterials where a fire resistance rating is required,the inclusion of a recognized third-party certifica-tion mark is required to be provided on the prod-uct(s). On gypsum wallboard, the inside surface ofeach board is stamped with a label providing man-ufacturer information and the type of wallboard.For concrete masonry units (CMU), certificationpaperwork must be attached to all materials,insuring only tested and certified CMU is beingused.

Fire doors are required to be provided with anapproved and permanently affixed labele showingthe name of the manufacturer, the name of thethird-party certification agency, and the fire pro-tection rating of the door assembly. When specifictemperature limits are required, such as when thedoor is installed in an exit enclosure, the maximumtransmitted temperature end point is also requiredto be included on the label. The label is required tobe applied at the factory or location where fabrica-tion and assembly are performed to insure thedoor delivered to the job site was manufacturedunder strict quality control procedures and wasnot field altered.

Glazing materials are required to bear a label

indicating if the glazing assembly can be used as afire resistance rated assembly (such as in a wall), afire door assembly, or in an opening. This labelalso insures that the assembly meets the applicablefire resistance requirements, performance in accor-dance with the hose stream requirements (ifrequired), and the fire protection rating period.This information is required to be permanentlyetched into the edge of the glazing material toinsure that any material delivered to the job sitewill bear an indelible identifying mark indicatingthat it is a fire rated material.

Passive fire protection materials play an impor-tant role in the balanced design process. The useof consensus developed test standards, field test-ing procedures, certification programs, and routineinspection and maintenance program insures, theproper installation and operation of passive fireprotection materials can be assured for the life ofthe building. APF


Pic courtesy of CafcoInternational

Pic courtesy of theAssociation of SpecialistFire Protection

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMSPROTECTION

P. 34-35 1/1/04 1:46 AM Page 35

15th - 17th February 2006

Located in the heart of Hong Kong, FIRE ASIA 2006 is your gateway to an expanding growth market

Conference programme highlights include:

‘London Bomb Attack in July 2005’ by Mr Ken Knight,Commission, London Fire & Rescue Authority

‘Trauma Diversion in a Modern City’ by Prof.Tim Rainer,Director, Accident & Emergency Medicine Academic Unit,The Chinese University of Hong Kong

‘Stress Impact on Firefighters’, Paramedics’ and Engineers’ Psychological Health, Marriage & Family’ by Dr. Katherin Kot, Registered Psychologist, Marriage & Family Therapist

‘Study of Crowd Movement’ by Dr. Siu-ming LO,Associate Head & Associate Prof., Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong

‘Is it time to move to the next level of Fire Protection?’by Mr.William A. Stewart, Fire Chief,Toronto Fire Services, Canada

FIRE ASIA 2006 will showcase the latest in technology, innovation andadvancement in front-line firefightingand prevention equipment and techniques.The Exhibition and Conferencewill bring together key local and major international fire suppliers andassociations to spearhead our currentand future global needs.

Full details of the Conferencecan be obtained from www.fireasia2006.hk

www.fire-asia.com

EXHIBITION & CONFERENCE

FIRE ASIA 2006 is the leading three-day event in Asia for fire prevention, protection

and safety. Bringing together over 1,600 fire and emergency service professionals

from around the world, FIRE ASIA 2006 combines a high profile Exhibition and

cutting edge Conference programme effectively providing an international one-stop-

shop for everyone involved in the firefighting and fire prevention industries.Themed

‘Best Practices in Life Safety’ the Conference will focus on lessons learned from the

recent natural disasters and atrocious terrorist attacks. Participants in the

Conference will be exposed to new concepts and ideas on topics surrounding

disaster management, preparedness for terrorist attack, health and safety emergency

responders, case studies on fire engineering approach, contemporary building

designs on life safety and public health emergency planning and disease surveillance.

P. 36-37 21/11/06 9:20 am Page 36

Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre

If you are part of the fire industry serving the community – either in prevention, safety, or search and rescue – you should betaking part in the FIRE ASIA 2006 Exhibition and Conference

9th WORLD FIREFIGHTERS GAMESThe World Firefighters Games, scheduled from 18 – 25 February, is an additional exciting event associated with FIRE ASIA 2006 with the openingceremony taking place immediately after FIRE ASIA2006.This prestigious event attracts firefighters andsenior personnel from around the globe to HongKong, providing the ultimate networking opportunity.

INDUSTRY EXPERTISEThe organiser of FIRE ASIA 2006, dmg worldmedia (uk) ltd, has been serving the fire industrysince 1908 and is also the publisher of the leadingindustry publication, FIRE magazine – the voice offirefighting and fire prevention. FIRE ASIA 2006enjoys the full support of:

• Institution of Fire Engineers, Hong Kong Branch

• The Hong Kong Fire Services

• The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Building Services Division

• The Ambulance Services Institute, Hong Kong

• National Fire Prevention Association, USA

Exhibition opening times

Wednesday, 15 February: 10:00am – 18:00pm

Thursday, 16 February: 10:00am – 18:00pm

Friday, 17 February: 10:00am – 16:00pm

BE A PART OF FIRE ASIA 2006A meeting point for buyers and specifiers withleading international suppliers, unlock your potential in this fast growing Asian market. Don'tdelay, obtain your FREE visitor tickets byregistering online at www.fire-asia.com.If you would like to exhibit contact us via the detailsbelow.

Europe & North AmericaRon Dullage / Michael [email protected] Tel: +44 1737 855 451 / 435

AsiaChristine [email protected]: +86 10 6505 6243 / 44 / 45

www.fire-asia.comFIRE ASIA 2006 enjoys the full support of:

www.fire-asia.com

P. 36-37 21/11/06 9:20 am Page 37

C

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APFUncertaintyFire.ai 11/25/2005 2:15:26 PMAPFUncertaintyFire.ai 11/25/2005 2:15:26 PM


BUILDINGS

Each year the buildings seem to get taller andtaller and “Mother Nature” or her creationsseem to take their toll of more and more of

them. Earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados, andother weather phenomenon have shown a fargreater capacity for destruction, than society hasfor building structures that will withstand theweather or earth disruptions. Both weather andground patterns have the potential for massdestruction of both structures and the people thatthey contain. Manmade destructive forces alsoplay a major role in the cause of building collapses.

Nature of the problemBuilding collapse rescue is an often complex andconfusing situation. It will frequently involve largenumbers of specialized rescue personnel andequipment that might not be generally be recog-

nized as being part of a normal rescue organiza-tion. It should also require a combination of a vari-ety of technical rescue skills and an advancedknowledge of building structures and materials.

When a building collapses, it generally does soin one of two ways. The building can be thoughtof as having “exploded” or “imploded”. The pri-mary difference between the two types of collapseis the direction of force as it applies to the materi-als contained in the structure. It will also assist in adetermination of the density of the debris that isinvolved in the rubble.

With implosion, the building will collapse intoitself. It is a technique that is used by demolitionspecialists to minimize the spread of debris whenpurposely demolishing buildings. This type ofcollapse is likely to be caused when interior weight bearing structures lose their integrity and

By Clark Staten, EMT-P

Emergency MedicalServices Emergency Response &Research

Collapse RescueNumerous recent disasters, in several parts of the world, should alert us to thefact that people are going to be trapped under buildings and other structures inthe foreseeable future. The very nature of our technologically sophisticated and“growing taller” society continually increases the likelihood that this sort ofcalamity will occur. Current construction trends and population increases seemto continually expand the risks as people move further up from the ground. Withthe advent of the “High-Rise” buildings comes the very real concern of a“building collapse”.

P. 39-45 21/11/06 9:21 am Page 39

subsequently “pull” exterior walls into the centreof the mass. The density, and generally the depth,of debris are greater when a building is said tohave imploded.

In the case of explosion, either caused by anoutward rush of force caused by natural, mechani-cal, or chemical forces, the building will collapse inan “outward” direction. It is likely that the debriswill be more wide spread in the vicinity of the col-lapse, and that it could be of lesser density anddepth. A tornado or hurricane can “scatter” build-ing parts for several hundred feet or even farther,when it causes a building(s) to collapse. It is possi-ble that victims could be “buried” under debris agreater distance from the centre of mass.

Horizontal versus vertical rescueMost rescue experts agree that building collapseextrication must be a process of vertical removal,rather than horizontal movement or reduction.The safest way to remove debris from someonethat is buried should involve carefully lifting thedebris from above the victim and continually“shoring” the sides of the entrance hole or exca-vation to ensure against additional collapse. This is a method that is consistent with commonpractices used for “trench rescue”.

In the case of building collapses, the magnitudeof the shoring efforts and the type of equipmentnecessary to perform the rescue may be very dif-ferent from normal extrication. In order to facili-tate vertical removal of debris, it may be essentialto quickly locate and utilize various types of“cranes” and other types of “overhead lift” capa-bilities. It is strongly suggested that every rescuesystem have previous knowledge of and trainingfor the use of heavy construction equipment.Emergency dispatchers should have access to a listof construction companies and other businessesthat could provide this type of equipment on a 24hour a day-seven day a week basis.

The importance of careful overhead lifting ofdebris, rather than vertical movement, cannot beemphasized enough. As many as one third of allbuilding collapse victims, that are rescued, arefound in spaces created by the way that building

COLLAPSE RESCUEBUILDINGS


P. 39-45 21/11/06 9:22 am Page 40

materials generally fall. Most of the collapseconfigurations that occur (lean-to, A-Frame, tent,pancake) create “voids” in which people may betrapped and remain alive. Vertical movement ofdebris will normally further collapse the sides of these “protective spaces” and can result inadditional deaths of those that might have beenrescued.

General building collapse rescueguidelines

1 As one might expect, immediately after a col-lapse, the debris of the building is very unstableand prone to additional movement. Rescuers mustassess the nature of the scene and the pattern ofthe collapse before entering onto a pile of rubbleto insure their own safety and that of those poten-tially buried in it. Shoring may be necessary toprevent movement, before attempting rescues.

2 Gather as much information as is possible at theonset of the incident. “Intelligence” regarding thelast known locations and activities of thosebelieved to be in the structure will greatly assist indeveloping a plan for recovery efforts. Concen-trate your preliminary efforts on areas wherepeople were last seen or known to be. It is sug-gested that a “Command” person be designatedto interview those that may have escaped the col-lapse, were eyewitnesses, or were in the buildingand rescued early in the effort. Obtain a list of thepeople normally in the building, if one is available.

3 After ensuring rescuer safety and minimal move-ment of the debris, send small-organized teams tothe top of the pile and systematically search thesurface in specific grids. Use barricade tape andmarkers to visually demonstrate the areas thathave been searched and those that could poten-tially contain victims. As many as one half (1⁄2) of allbuilding collapse survivors have historically beenrescued near the surface of the debris and early inthe effort. Concentrate your efforts on those areasthat are believed to be the last known locations ofpeople, when the collapse occurred.

4 CALL for Help!! It normally will be necessary toactivate some sort of disaster plan for large scalebuilding collapses. This type of rescue is very man-power intensive and may require large numbers of



2000 VLS

As many as one third of all

building collapse victims, that

are rescued, are found in

spaces created by the way that

building materials generally

fall. Most of the collapse

configurations that occur

(lean-to, A-Frame, tent,

pancake) create “voids” in

which people may be trapped

and remain alive.

P. 39-45 21/11/06 9:22 am Page 41

extrication and medical personnel. Call for the“overhead lift” capability that you will need, assoon as it can be determined that people are miss-ing or still trapped. Remember . . . it is likely youwill need some method of “cutting” concrete andthe steel reinforcing bars (“Rebar”) that are con-tained within most modern buildings. (i.e. torches,hydraulic cutting tools, saws).

5 Explore visually, or with mechanical devices(closed circuit/fibre optic T.V.), all possible “voids”that are open or can be reached by removing sur-face debris. It is suggested that, at approximatelyevery hour on the hour, all work at the site be shutdown for a few minutes to listen for calls for help.During that period, sound detection devices canbe used to “listen” for movement or sounds deepwithin the debris. Call for “Search Dogs” and han-dlers, as they are available in your area or region.(Have the equipment and dogs on a dispatcher’sresource list with the heavy equipment contrac-tors/operators)

6 Continue to remove debris . . . carefully and ver-tically, searching each “void” or entrance to a“void” as it becomes available to the rescuer. Con-sideration must be given to the fact that the res-cue effort is NOT over until EVERY reasonableeffort has been expended. Expect these types ofrescues to last days . . . especially when multiplebuildings are involved (earthquake, avalanche,etc). People have CONTINUALLY and HISTORICAL-LY been found alive many hours and days into therescue. Have command, media relations, and logis-tics officers plan for a multiple day operation whenpeople are still suspected of being missing andtheir bodies have not been recovered.

7 Great care must be taken when a person islocated, either dead or alive, to ensure that addi-

tional collapse doesn’t occur in the area of theirentrapment. Rescuers should use their hands andsmall tools to remove the remaining debris sur-rounding a person. The victims condition may dic-tate the speed with which rescue efforts progress.Consideration should be given to early applicationof Military Anti-Shock Trousers for viable personsthat have “crushing” injuries. Preparation and thebeginning of application of them should takeplace as soon as the entrapment permits. Severalinstances of complete hemodynamic collapse anddeath have been noted upon release from confine-ment. Intravenous solutions can also be adminis-tered by qualified EMS personnel as extricationcontinues. Caution should be urged in the use ofmorphine or other painkillers.

8 DO be prepared for the emotional and psycho-logical implications of the incident. Prepare earlyfor Critical Incident Stress debriefing sessions forrescuers, victims and families. It is strongly sug-gested that mental health professionals and crisisintervention be made available to the families ofthose believed trapped, at the earliest opportunity.The stress of protracted digging, discovery of dis-figured remains, odd smells and sights can affecteven the most hardened of rescue professionals.Supervisory personnel may want to set aside aspecial place for families and psychological carenear to, but off of the rescue site. To do otherwisewill invite charges of insensitively, and probablyprompt the families to attempt to enter or stay inthe rescue area.

9 Relief for both supervisory and field rescue per-sonnel must be forthcoming. Even though mostrescuers will insist in continuing their efforts formany hours, they lose a large part of their effec-tiveness after 18-24 hours or less. Ensure that allrescuers eat and rest at frequent intervals, as



P. 39-45 21/11/06 9:22 am Page 42


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circumstances permit. Prepare to (and do) call inoff-duty or mutual aid personnel, as they areneeded. Stage all extraneous units in a plannedway and avoid having more personnel on-site thancan effectively work at one time.

10 During long term or at major rescue operations,expect extreme “media” coverage, including thenational and international press. Be prepared foranalysis and commentary of your every move. It issuggested that this scrutiny can be somewhat avert-ed by appointing a designated Public InformationOfficer (P.I.O.), and by planning and giving frequentpress briefing and updates. Include “front-line” res-cuers and technical experts that you may be beingutilizing in the effort. During the early stages of theevent, give these briefings hourly in an area adja-cent to the site and provide as much information asyou can actually verify. As the length of the rescueincreases, plan a morning and afternoon news con-ference. It is suggested that someone monitor pressactivities on a constant basis, in order to be able toanticipate the questions and concerns of the media.Be as forthcoming as possible, without compromis-ing the integrity of the rescue operation, thevictims, or the families of the victims.

11 Anticipate the need for additional resourcesthat you haven’t thought of prior to this event. Beprepared to obtain architectural drawings of thebuilding(s) affected. How about gas mains, waterpipes, or electrical services that are disrupted? Youmay want an aerial perspective of the scene . . .do you know where and how to get overheadphotos of the collapse? How are you going tofeed “hundreds” of construction workers, rescueworkers, families, and others, who may be therefor days? Who’s going to pay for what? Will youneed a city/county-purchasing agent on-site toapprove the immediate purchase of your needs?Ensure that you have planning and logistics offi-cers who can anticipate these needs and fulfilthem within a moments notice. Often . . . the dif-ference between what is perceived as a completelysuccessful rescue and a “disorganized” one is thequality of your planning and the careful executionof your contingency plans.



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P. 39-45 21/11/06 9:23 am Page 44

12 Particularly in multi-story buildings are pre-pared for the possibility and likelihood of under-ground or cave- type rescue procedures. This typeof specialized rescues requires those experiencedwith climbing (ascending and descending) manu-vers and the use of technical rappelling methods.Each rescue team (minimum of two rescuers)going “underground” should have a safety ropeattached and be in constant communications byradio with the surface. They should also possess aminimum of three viable light sources. Hose rollersand other types of “rope slip devices” must beused, as to avoid the sharp edges of concrete thatwill abrade normal rescue ropes.

13 IT AIN”T OVER UNTIL IT’S OVER! Generallyspeaking, you will be criticized for any early termi-nation of rescue efforts, if there are still peoplemissing or bodies not recovered. A rule of thumbsays it’s over when everyone is accounted for orthe “field is cleared” (of debris). Practical applica-tion says that you will probably scale back theaggressiveness and scope of the effort after sever-al days of rescue, but that you should remainaware of the fact that people have been success-fully rescued alive after as much as twelve (12)days . . . buried in the rubble of an earthquake. Inthe March, 1992 Turkish earthquake, a 22-year-oldnurse was pulled from beneath a building collapseafter eight days. She was also quoted as sayingthat she had been “talking with her two friends”,who were also buried, for several days after thecollapse . . . until she “didn’t hear them any-more”. The thought of someone remaining buried alive for several days should be enoughmotivation for most rescuers to continue with their efforts until every possible hope has beenexhausted.

14 Establish on-scene (and separate) communica-tions (Radio, Data, telephone) connections andexpect problems with being able to coordinatewith many differing agencies. It might be suggest-ed that a “common” disaster frequency might bedesignated in preplanning sessions for the initialresponse to the incident. Once on-scene, the Inci-dent Command team may need to establish sever-al different “nets” of units or agencies and have acommon dispatch centre at the command post.Anticipate the need to constantly communicatewith construction workers (crane operators) andtheir supervisors, and probably a dozen otheragencies that you never thought of. Also remem-ber that the need for coordination with local andstate police may become necessary forcrowd/access control and other purposes. Often

police agencies will become involved in securingthe remains of fatal victims in a temporary morgueat the scene.

15 EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED! Regardless of thethoroughness of your contingency planning effortsand the diligence of all of the people involved inthe rescue, something will become a problem thatno one has anticipated. This is just another oppor-tunity to demonstrate the quality, commitment,and dedication that comprises the makeup ofmost rescue organizations . . . let the improvisionalability of the fire-fighters, EMTs, paramedics, policeofficers shine through!

ConclusionsOne of the most difficult, emotionally draining,and technically complex types of rescue can be abuilding collapse incident. The keys to a successfulrescue are pre-planning, practice, and persever-ance. By learning more about this increasingcommonplace event, we can be better prepared to save lives and alleviate the suffering of itsvictims. APF


SearchTIC™

The thought of someone

remaining buried alive for

several days should be enough

motivation for most rescuers

to continue with their efforts

until every possible hope has

been exhausted.


P. 39-45 21/11/06 9:23 am Page 45


By Christopher Marino

Pic courtesy of PelicanProducts

TORCHES AND PORTABLE LIGHTINGLIGHTING

‘Classic gases’ vs. new technologiesProfessional lighting manufacturers have beenstriving for years to develop the brightest possibletorches. They have struggled to produce lampsthat not only create impressive amounts of lightbut also last for a reasonable period of time. Theclassical Edison Incandescent lamp utilizes a metalfilament (usually tungsten) through which currentis drawn to heat up the metal and generate light.To prevent the filament from oxidizing, it is sus-pended in an environment devoid of oxygen. Usu-ally, this environment is achieved by surroundingthe filament with a glass envelope and replacingthe air inside with either a vacuum or an inert gas.In recent years it is these inert gases, such as Halo-gen, Krypton and Xenon that have allowed themanufacturers to achieve greater amounts of lightoutput and also allow the filament to burn athigher temperatures. By using these ‘classic’ gasesthe results are superior to a simple vacuum lamp

as they offer a white collimated beam of light thatprovides a better tool for professionals such asplant maintenance, fire fighters and law enforce-ment. In general terms, Halogen and Kryptonwould be more powerful than Xenon, but this sen-tence is not always right. It also depends on manyother components and the design of the torch. Thedifference in the whiteness, or color temperature,between torches is due to the type and quantity ofgas inside the glass bulb of each torch.

Another important factor in the making of aprofessional torch is the lamp reflector. The shapeand texture of the reflector has a marked effectupon the quality of the beam that is generated bythe lamp. Ideally, an efficient reflector should col-lect all of the light generated by the lamp to createa beam free from shadows and dark rings. Com-pare the beam quality of high-end products frompremium torches manufacturers with cheaperlights and you will see a distinct difference!

Torches andPortable LightingEnlighten your work lifeBefore Edison’s wonderful electric light bulb was invented, if you wanted toilluminate the darkness you had to carry a naked flame with you. Can you say“Fire Hazard”? Fortunately, Hubert Conrad in 1890 invented the batterypowered Torch and over the years it has evolved to match the requirements ofindividual groups of users. The modern torch now provides the user with anarray of choices from the type of lamp, shape of the beam, constructionmaterials and approvals for hazardous work environments. The aims of thisarticle are to compare differences between various types of technologies used inmodern torches, and discuss this vital tool in the context of workplace safety.

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The batteries used to power torches have alsoevolved over the years, with manufacturers strivingto provide the maximum amount of energy insidethe smallest container. Torch manufacturers wanthigh voltage and amperage-hour capacity in orderto create the brightest and longest lasting torches,and the battery manufacturers have answered thecall with new, powerful, primary alkaline and lithiumcells, and rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH),sealed lead acid (SLA) and nickel cadmium (nicad)battery packs. With each passing year, the durationof batteries increases while the size of cells shrinks.

Probably the most significant advancement inthe field of lighting technology has been the LightEmitting Diode (LED) invented by Nick Holonyak in1962. This single invention has created a revolu-tion throughout the lighting world. The basicadvantages of the LED over Edison’s incandescentlamp are greater efficiency of light per watt, lowercost of replacement of the lamp, longer batterylife and greater impact resistance. However, due tothe relative infancy of the technology, while LEDlight output is not yet as bright and intense as thecurrent incandescent lamps on the market, mil-lions of Euros are being poured into this area ofresearch to resolve this shortcoming. LED torchmanufacturers are currently being challenged tocreate innovative designs that maximize the out-put of LEDs, and this is resulting in torches that arenot created equal . . . please read on.

The LED produces light by moving electronsthrough materials to create photons of light. Thematerials used to create the LED are organizedinto a “chip” and lie on a flat substrate. In con-trast, the classical Edison filament hangs betweento poles like a tight rope. By lying on a flat base,the LED is inherently more stable when subjectedto an impact, which can literally mean the differ-ence between life and death as we shall see laterin the article.

The LED also creates very little heat comparedto the filament and this aspect alone leads itself toa safer working environment, especially whenused in a volatile atmosphere. This lack of heatmeans that more energy is converted into photonsof light, whereas the filament lamp creates atremendous amount of heat as the filament burns.This can lead to a surface temperature on the glassenvelope in excess of 150°C (300°C) – enough toautomatically ignite some volatile gases. Probablythe most important advantage of the low heat anLED produces is that the lamp’s life is upwards of100,000 hours, compared to the 20 to 60 hoursof a conventional torch lamp. As one can imagine,the combination of low battery consumption andlong lamp life lead into a torch that rarely needsreplacing. The effects on the environment due to areduction in battery consumption are to beapplauded, as is the reduction in battery replace-ment costs. However, the incandescent filamentstill has one significant advantage over the LEDand that is the ability to create tremendousamounts of light by increasing the filament size.

One disadvantage of the LED has been the abili-ty to focus the light emitted from the chip. Untilrecently, the only way that torch manufacturerscould create a product that generated a reason-able amount of light was to package togethermany LEDs into a cluster. This approach created asoft wide beam that was fine for close up workbut was not focused enough to throw light over

distance or penetrate smoke or fog. This situationchanged in 2003 with the advent of a newtechnology referred to as RECOIL LED Technolo-gy™ from Pelican Products. For the first time, anLED could produce the brightness of a classicincandescent lamp but with the longer burn timeand lower operating costs of an LED.

This new invention consisted of using one ofthe new generation of high-wattage LumiLEDLEDs from Luxeon and directing the light back intoa reflector, just like a lighthouse. This simple butinnovative method captures nearly 100% of thelight emitted by the LED, and then reflects it for-ward into a truly impressive beam of pure whitelight. Comparing this approach with a regular 8-LED torch, the resulting Recoil beam is 33 timesbrighter. With the new generation of Recoil LEDlights producing comparable light output to incan-descent lamps, yet with significantly lower operat-ing costs, perhaps the “torch” is about to bepassed from Edison to Holonyak. . .

Photo TechnologyComparing manufacturer’s torchesIn order to compare professional torches, the usershould decide which features are most applicableto his work environment. Torches can be com-pared by reviewing light output characteristics,battery life, manufacturer’s guarantees, lampreplacement costs, price and, most importantly forthe health and safety market, hazardous locationapprovals. With respect to the measuring of thelight output, manufacturers use Lumens and Lux.Lumens indicate the total amount of light emittedby the light source, whereas Lux measures theintensity of the beam at a distance – itself a func-tion of the reflector. Choosing carefully whichtorch would better fit a user’s expectations meansthat several manufacturers’ torches should becompared for differences in brightness.

Some users will be concerned about the con-sumption of batteries and lamps. Probably themost popular reason for a torch being discarded isa burnt out lamp. With a life upwards of 100,000hours, the LED torch rarely requires replacement.In addition, the low battery consumption of theLED torch will ensure that financial budgets arenot eaten up buying batteries. Finally, the decisionto purchase an LED light is kinder on the environ-ment, as fewer batteries mean less waste.




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Some applications require brightness over allother considerations, and it is here that the incan-descent torch reigns. For users requiring highlyfocused beams, such as firefighters and scubadivers, torches should be examined for beam char-acteristics and their ability to penetrate the envi-ronment in which they are intended to operate.

Portability and UsabilityBy their very nature, all torches are portable. How-ever, market segmentation has forced manufactur-ers to create lights that match their user’s specificrequirements, of which portability is an importantcriteria. Many industrial users of portable lights areincreasingly adapting to the hands-free approachof using headlamps and brackets that mountlights onto work helmets. Available in a widevariety of sizes and styles, headlamps and torchhelmet brackets allow the user to focus light on atask while allowing them to use both hands ratherthan hold a torch.

Other users, such as fire fighters, like to attachthe light to their equipment so that they can releaseit without fear of dropping the torch on to theground. Such users look for torches equipped withrings and clips made from durable stainless steel.

A torch for every userDepending on many users’ requirements, lightingsystems can vary a lot. When a torch needs tooperate long hours, it is more efficient, in terms ofcost, to use a rechargeable system rather than onewith an alkaline primary battery. Workers operat-ing in atmospheres with high temperatures shouldselect plastic rather than metal torches, in order toavoid the excessive heating of the torch body.Finally, workers within hazardous locations need tomake sure that their torches are safe and correctlycertified by Safety Standards such as the ATEXDirective (in Europe).

SafetyWhy are torches required to conform to safetystandards? Though they seem to be small andinnocuous, the lamp and the batteries inside canbe a significant source of ignition when used in ahazardous and volatile environment. The lamp fila-ment operates at a very high temperature andsome gases will ignite if they come in contact witheither the filament or even the glass envelope. Thebatteries themselves can be a source of ignition,

especially if a short circuit occurs resulting in thegeneration of a spark. Even the body of a plasticflashlight can build up a significant static-electriccharge, and some manufacturers metal plate theirlights to prevent such build-ups from occurring.Such lights are typically referred to as “Zone1/Zone 0” torches.

In order to prevent accidents, lighting systemsneed to be approved to certain Safety Standards,as mentioned before. There are several of them:Underwriters Laboratory (UL), Factory Mutual (FM),Canadian Standards (CSA), Urban Search and Res-cue (USAR), Mine Safety Health Administration(MSHA), Australian Board of Approvals (AUS), etc.Notified bodies certify torches to ensure that theypose no threat of ignition when operating in haz-ardous locations. The notified bodies test the torch-es by subjecting them to worst-case scenarios. Forexample, the spark generated by a short circuit ofthe batteries is used to see if it will ignite a cham-ber of gases where the light is expected to operate.Only if the gases fail to ignite will the light beertified for operation within that environment.

Critical MissionIt is imperative that a torch used by a professionalsuch as a fire fighter or plant maintenance techni-cian operates reliably in the field. The ramificationof a torch lamp failing at the critical momentwhen a fire fighter enters a burning buildingneeds no explanation. LED technology renderslamp filament failure, which is probably the mostcommon mode of torch lamp failure, a thing ofthe past. In addition, the careful measurement offilament and LED temperature ensures that theuser knows precisely in which hazardous environ-ments the torch is safe for operation.

Pay Now or Pay LaterNowadays one can find many cheap lights availableon the market, but quickly after the low price hasbeen forgotten, the true degree of quality will sur-face. As a manufacturer of professional torches, werecommend users to check the quality of a lightingsystem before buying it. By quality we mean, ingeneral terms, brightness, tough materials andsafety certifications. It is also important to considerthe guarantee that the manufacturer offers. Thelength of that will determine if the torch will standthe test of time and extreme conditions.

Professional, high-performance torches are sig-nificantly more expensive than regular incandes-cent ones. Purchasing agents and individual buyersmay not see the rationale in purchasing suchexpensive lights but over a period of time, thehigh cost of a professional, ATEX approved torchwill typically be less than a cheap one.

Failure of the lamps is typically the reason thatmost torches are discarded. High performanceXenon-filled lamps must withstand significantinternal pressure from the gas, which translatesinto longer lamp life. As mentioned earlier, theinherent long life of LEDs renders lamp replace-ment redundant and their low battery consump-tion rate adds to the savings.

Finally, the materials and design standards usedto create torches that pass the various tests neces-sary for ATEX hazardous location approval ensurethat the lights are built to withstand the rigors ofindustry. A buyer has the choice to pay now or paylater for another torch. . . APF




P. 46-48 21/11/06 9:24 am Page 48


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SMOKE DETECTION

The aspirating type fire detection system canvary in sensitivity, but comprises a number ofthe same key components, namely:

1 Sampling pipe 2 An aspirator, or fan3 Cartridge filters4 Smoke detectors

The sampling pipe work, of up to 100 metresper channel, is used to continuously draw samplesof air to the detectors for analysis. Pipes can beABS, UPVC, copper or stainless steel as appro-priate. The drawn air is passed through the filtercartridge, which will eventually become contami-nated with dust particles, thus reducing airflow.The filter elements should be replaced at sixmonthly intervals for optimum performance, andto eliminate false readings.

The sampled air then goes to the detectionchamber where sensitive receivers measure thelight scattered by any smoke particles. The lightenergy is converted to an electronic signal, repre-

senting the amount of detected smoke and thisinformation is then passed on to a control systemfor reporting.

LASD – Laser Aspirating Smoke DetectorsThe LASD, Laser Aspirating Smoke Detector, fromFire Fighting Enterprises, uses a much more sensi-tive detector than that used in typical point sys-tems. A normal point detector can detect smokeat around 2.5% obscuration/metre whereas theLaser Aspirating Smoke Detector can pick up the traces of incipient fires at between 0.065%obscuration/metre and 6.5% obscuration/metre

The LASD units use one laser detector in a sin-gle channel configuration (LASD 1) or two laserdetectors in a dual channel configuration (LASD2). Combined with a simple pipe system, withholes drilled at regular intervals, a large area canbe monitored by using sampling holes in the placeof point detectors. The LASD 2 has two pipes, ofup to 100m each, and can therefore cover twicethe area of the LASD 1.

By Ian Steel

Fire Fighting Enterprises Ltd

Pic courtesy of Fire Fighting Enterprises Ltd

Aspirating SmokeDetection Systems

Aspirating smoke detection systems are designed to detect smoke at a very earlystage, often known as the incipient stage, of a fire. They are used extensively inapplications that posses a high inherent value. Typical applications includecomputer suites and historic buildings. Most conventional fire detectors areunable to provide as much of an early warning. These systems are significantlymore sensitive than conventional detectors and allow site personnel to takeappropriate action to minimize the effects of a fire. Fire Fighting Enterprises Ltdis in the unique position of being able to offer variants of both aspirating smokedetector systems and of the complimentary optical beam smoke detectors.

P. 51-52 21/11/06 9:27 am

The Laser Aspirated Smoke Detectors have beencost engineered to allow a much wider acceptanceof this technology, which has previously been beyondmost budgets. The LASD unit therefore provides alow cost, high sensitivity system where large num-bers of point detectors would normally be specified.

A high performance aspirator is incorporated toensure an even and constant flow of sampled air.The flow level is adjustable and is displayed on aten-segment bar graph. Adjustments are alsoavailable for high flow, or low flow, thresholds.The constant flow monitoring circuit of the LASDenables the unit to indicate low flow caused byblocked sampling holes or blocked filters, or highflow caused by broken pipes or loose joints.

Three adjustable alarm level thresholds are avail-able: Alert Alarm, Action Alarm and Fire Alarmand visual indications are given if these levels areexceeded. This allows the unit to be configured forits environment, such as dirty, inaccessible or con-fined areas. The levels are displayed on a ten-seg-ment bar graph. This gives advanced warnings, orpre-alarms, before the final alarm activation.

To avoid false discharges of suppression sys-tems, the LASD 2 can be configured to requireboth detectors to go into alarm. By utilising thetwo separate detectors this precludes the need fortwo separate systems. This is known as coinci-dence detection or “double knock”.

The unit can be operated in either stand-alonemode, using the relays for control, or can be wiredto an intelligent fire alarm panel, with controlbeing affected through the communications fromthe control panel. The system is optionally IP65rated allowing its use in many harsh environments,and where regular hosing is performed.

ASD – Aspirating Smoke DetectorThere are many instances when the high sensitivitycapabilities of the Laser aspirated smoke detectorsare either not required or may even become anuisance due to unwanted alarms. A solution tothis unnecessary expense is the Fire FightingEnterprises Aspirating Smoke Detector or ASD.Like its LASD cousin the ASD is available as eithera single channel or dual channel variety and pro-vides a solution in allowing the use of simple point

detectors within an aspirating system.The main difference between the LASD and the

ASD is that the ASD is not delivered with laserdetectors attached. The system can be fitted withanalogue addressable point detectors, such asthose provided by Apollo Fire Detectors. This maymean that incorporation into a pre-existing systemmay be more straightforward. By incorporating upto 2 analogue addressable point detectors theability for either redundancy or mixed detectionstrategies is provided.

The ASD systems also use high performanceaspirator and flow monitoring circuitry. The flowlevel is displayed on a ten-element bar graph withadjustments for high and low thresholds. Flow fail-ure is reported to the central panel as a devicefault on the primary detector.

The unit is very easy to install and uses a simpletwo button interface to ensure that the unit can bequickly configured, whilst the display gives a clearview as to the state of the system and any faults.

AdvantagesThe aspirating smoke detector systems, usingeither laser or analogue addressable point detec-tors, have a central unit that requires only basicmaintenance. This unit can be placed where iteasily accessible but the pipe system can beinstalled in places that have restricted access, suchas under floor systems and ceiling voids.

They are cost effective, simple to install, easy touse and are suitable for a wide range of applica-tions where unobtrusive, wide area detection isrequired. They are suitable for use in generally inac-cessible areas and the in-built cartridge filter meansthey can be used in harsh and dirty conditions. Theunits also provide closed loop sampling whereby theexhausted air can be returned to the sampled areaif required. This makes the unit ideal for vandal-proof detection systems, such as in a prison cell.

Complimentary Detection TechnologiesFire Fighting Enterprises is better known for itsrange of Fireray Optical Beam Smoke Detectors,which are available as either end-to-end or reflectivevariants. An end-to-end beam comprises a transmit-ter and a receiver at opposite ends of the area to beprotected. The transmitter emits a signal, which isdetected and monitored by the receiver. With areflective beam the transmitter and receiver areeffectively in the same unit (transceiver). The trans-mitter emits a signal that is reflected back to thereceiver using a retro reflector positioned at theopposite end of the area to be protected.

A beam detector can provide detection cover-age of up to 1500m2, though full considerationneeds to be given to correct installation. Beamtechnology is more suited to large open spaceswhere there is a clear line of sight, such as atriaand stadia, where the pipe work of an aspiratingsystem may be obtrusive.

Beams can offer some significant savings overthe installation costs of alternative methods ofsmoke detection, especially when using the reflec-tive variety, which only required wired installationat one end. They are also less obtrusive that alter-native smoke detection methods.

Future developments in our beam technologywill result in beams that are even easier to installand maintain and will be even more cost effectivein use. APF


Pic courtesy of Fire Fighting Enterprises Ltd

ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMSSMOKE DETECTION

P. 51-52 21/11/06 9:27 am


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VENTILATION

One of the most difficult decisions a fire com-mander, or firefighter acting under SOPs,must surely make, whilst on-scene in the

early stages of a structure fire, is whether to venti-late or not? Is the best option to ‘pop’ that win-dow? Cut into that roof? Open the skylights? Thestrategy of venting fire buildings has beenapproached from many angles. In the USA it haslong been accepted that the most viable approachfor firefighters is to ‘open-up’ the building at anearly stage of fire operations in an attempt atrelieving conditions for firefighters and trappedoccupants within. It is also seen as a method ofpreventing various forms of extreme fire behavior,rapid fire progress etc as well as controlling spreadas the fire so often mushrooms and travelshorizontally through attics, voids and cocklofts.

In contrast, the European approach has general-ly viewed early venting actions as a strategyfraught with problems. The burning rate of the fireiincreases as additional air is allowed to flow into

the building and this effect counters the low-flowattack hose-lines that have been widely popular.The European philosophy is often based aroundlow-flow attack lines, working from engine tanksupplies, speedily deployed into effectively com-partmented structures. The US approach generallyhas to deal with a more rapid and active form offire spread, from larger compartments, in timber-framed property. The fuel-loading of US propertiesmay also be somewhat higher in comparison.

However, what was starkly obvious to me, as afirefighter serving on both sides of the Atlantic,was that US firefighters utilized tactical ventingactions too often whilst European firefightersresorted to such tactics on too few occasions! It isclear that both approaches have resulted in caus-ing fatalities of both trapped occupants and fire-fighters alike.

The introduction of Positive Pressure Attack(PPA) ventilation in the 1980s provided a means ofventilating fire buildings by forcing heat, smoke

By Paul Grimwood

Pics by Harvey Eisner

TacticalVentilationVenting actions by on-scenefirefighters, used to gain tacticaladvantage during interiorstructural firefighting operationsThroughout the 1980s London firefighter Paul Grimwood presented several controversial papers andarticles, based mainly upon his own operational research and experiences as a firefighter both in theUK and the USA, that closely examined structural ventilation practices as carried out by firefightersaround the world. His proposed concept of ’Tactical Ventilation’ (a term he originally introduced and defined in 1989 through his book FOG ATTACK) was to encourage an increased awareness of ’Tac-Vent’ Ops and PPV and present a safer and more effective tactical process for the ventilation of fire-involved structures by on-scene firefighters, paying particular attention to the influences of airdynamics and fire gas formations. Following work with Warrington Fire Research Consultants (FRDG6/94) his terminology and concepts were adopted officially by the UK fire service and are now referredto throughout revised Home Office training manuals (1996-97).

In 1984 he posed the question whether US style roof venting methods should be utilized at an earlierstage in the fire attack and discussed some previous UK incidents where venting may have helped. Histhought-provoking five page article in 1985 described the tactical implications of using roof cuts tovent fire gases and discussed a wide range of tactical options used to create safer working conditionsfor firefighters and trapped occupants through the creation of openings in the structure. It was here, in1985, where he first introduced and discussed the benefits of Positive Pressure Ventilation. In 1987 hecalled for a Home Office review of UK strategy and prompted some research into tactical ventingmethods and by 1988 he was describing how such tactics might have been used to save several largestructures that had recently incurred major financial losses where it was thought a lack of ventilationhad contributed to such loss. He wrote – ’over the past four years I have attempted to educate andprompt discussion on the topic of tactical ventilation by firefighters in fire-involved structures’ andacknowledged that the recent interest by a Chief Fire Officer (John Craig of Wiltshire) in the theory andpractice of ’Tac-vent Ops’ was a major step towards national acceptance. He was personally involvedwith CFO Craig and the Wiltshire Fire Brigade in writing the first UK SOP document (Operational Note)on Tactical & Positive Pressure Ventilation in 1989.

P. 55-61 21/11/06 9:29 am

and fire gases to move ahead of advancing fire-fighters and exit the structure at a pre-determinedpoint. This attack strategy is still strongly viewed aspotentially ‘dangerous’ by many fire authoritieswhilst others are staunch supporters. It is oftenviewed as a secondary form of tactical ventilation,used by firefighters in areas of limited resourcesand reduced crewing.

In the 1980s the Swedish Fire Service began topay closer attention to fire dynamics and researchedhow various ventilation profiles were likely to affectcompartmental and structural firefighting. Theirapproach raised our awareness and it became clearthat firefighters were regularly operating withoutany necessary fore-thought or knowledge of howfire gases form, transport and ignite, and to whateffects varying ventilation parameters had on theoutcome of any particular event. It is evident thatfirefighters and fire officers should therefore gain apractical understanding and full appreciation ofhow compartment fires are likely to behave beforeimplementing tactical venting actions of any sort.

In general, the current European approachplaces the stabilization of interior conditions aheadof tactical venting actions as a primary tactic andutilizes fire isolation, or confinement, tactics as apriority. However, it is equally important to applyrisk-assessed principles in the decision makingprocess and recognize exactly when an early tacti-cal venting action will be a safer or more produc-tive option. There will be times where releasingcombustion products from a compartment/structurewill be far more beneficial to building occupantsand firefighters than any fire isolating actions. Ican remember situations where firefighters wereunable to ascend stair-shafts to effect primarysearches of the upper floors because the skylightover the stairs had not been opened to vent heatand smoke. On other occasions I can attest toplaying ‘catch-up’ with the fire as it mushroomedand spread through roof voids etc. I can alsodescribe situations where too much venting ormisplaced venting actions caused the fire tospread out of control, endangering lives. ASwedish scientific research study suggested thatfire officers should gain a clear understanding ofhow pressure build-up develops within a fire build-ing and how gases flow out through various types

of opening in different sit-uations. The causes ofsuch pressure build-upmay be divided into anumber of categories –Inhibited thermal expan-sion – the buoyancy of hotgases – normal tempera-ture difference betweeninside and outside air –wind – mechanical ventila-tion. It is important also to

appreciate how openings may become inlets (forair) as these internal pressures move nearer equi-librium with the outside pressure. Eventually, assmoke and fire gases begin to clear from the ventedarea, air will enter and mix with the remaininggases and may allow the fire to intensify. It ispossible that some form of flashover or backdraftmay occur at this stage.

Tactical objectives Any venting action demands fore-thought basedon an intention – what is the objective? Ventingactions should be based on the following threeobjectives –

1. Vent for Life.2. Vent for the Fire.3. Vent for Safety.

Venting for life situations recognizes SOPs wherefirefighters may create openings, or break windows,to gain access from an exterior position to carry outa primary search in a high-risk area of the structure.This may be bedrooms some way from the fire or itmay be the area adjacent to the fire itself. Thisapproach is often termed VES by firefighters (Vent –Enter – Search). It is a strategy that is often fraughtwith hazards but in turn, may reap great rewardsfor the search team. The venting and entry action,as with any tactical venting process, demands greatprecision (venting the correct windows); and antici-pation of potential fire spread. Such an approachshould also be communicated to the Incident Com-mander and also crews working on the interiorwhere possible. The overall approach to ventingshould be carefully coordinated so that all affectedparties are aware of what is taking place. Take notethat the interior search should move from windowto door and back to window and not into the corri-dor to any great extent, utilizing adjacent windowsto repeat the access and search process. Openingsare sometimes created above escape route stairwaysin medium-low-rise buildings to alleviate smokeconditions, enabling occupants to evacuate safely.

Venting for fire situations are often misappliedand careful thought should be given to the objec-tive at hand. The main objective must be to improveinterior conditions for firefighters by reducing heat

levels and improving visibil-ity. It is a common beliefthat windows should bevented in the area that fire-fighters are working – thisis not so! The rule here isto vent windows ahead ofthe nozzle and near to thefire so that combustionproducts may be forcedsafely out of the structure.


A window ventingaction is modeled hereand demonstrates at 2seconds, a gravitycurrent forming with air(blue) entering into anunder-ventilated room.The red regionrepresents a mix of firegases that are too richto ignite. The greenregion shows an area ofdanger as fire gases mixwith incoming air toform a flammable layer

TACTICAL VENTILATIONVENTILATION

Just 10 seconds after theventing action occursand a clear flammablelayer (green) exists nearthe ceiling but clear airis prominent in thelower regions of theroom. This situationcould possibly lead to a’rollover’ if there is anignition source available

P. 55-61 21/11/06 9:30 am


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It is a fact that most compartment fires are burningunder ventilation-controlled conditions as firefight-ers advance in – the fire is searching for air. Anynegative pressure conditions created (ie; a ventedwindow) will draw the fire towards the new air sup-ply and if this behind or adjacent to the hose-crewthen that cannot be a good thing. Also, this addi-tion of air will cause the fire to achieve a greaterrate-of-burn, increasing its heat-release-rate; it mayactually become hotter! Therefore it is essential thatfirefighters crewing the hose-line have adequateflow at the nozzle to deal with any escalation of thefire. Finally, pay close attention to wind force anddirection prior to creating an opening. An openingon the windward side of the structure, in particular,may cause the fire to head rapidly in the direction ofadvancing firefighters!

Venting for safety is reserved for situationswhere fires are burning in an under-ventilatedstate. The fire may be developing slowly, due to a‘sealed’ structure or compartment, presenting aheavy (probably hot) smoke build-up within a con-fined space. In this situation careful attention mustbe paid to door-entry procedures and it may wellbe a viable action to vent a compartment from theexterior prior to gaining entry.

The decision to create openings within a fireinvolved structure to gain tactical advantageshould be carefully considered for the outcomemay be irreversible. Under certain circumstancessuch actions may prove most effective whilst inothers they may prove disastrous. In some situa-tions the openings will serve to release combustionproducts whilst others may simply provide danger-ous airflows heading in towards the fire. It is oftenthe case that the most influential (dangerous)opening a firefighter can make is at the point ofentry to the structure. This opening is often seenas a necessity and is not considered as part of theventing plan. However, the airflow provided at thispoint of entry may serve to intensify the fire andmay indeed allow it to escalate beyond the capa-bility of initial attack hose-lines.

Tactical openings made to release combustionproducts may serve to reduce smoke-logging,lower compartmental temperatures, preventflashovers and backdrafts and generally ease thefirefighting operation. However, it is also possiblethat such openings may achieve undesirable andopposing effects, causing temperatures to risewith resulting escalations in fire spread leading toflashovers, backdrafts and smoke explosions.

Window venting actions – safe or not? Whenever a window is breached by firefightersthe immediate result will generally be to clearsome combustion products from inside the roomserved by the opening. This is likely to raise thesmoke interface away from the floor, particularlynear the window itself. There will also be aninflow of air into the room and this may be posi-tive or negative. Such an airflow may serve toassist trapped occupants to breathe but it may alsocause a fire to increase in intensity. Such an airflowinto the opening could possibly cause either oftwo unwanted events – a backdraft or a flashover(there is potential of a ’flashover’ being induced byan increase in compartmental ventilation wherethe heat loss rate increases as more heat is con-vected through the opening. However, there is apoint beyond stability where ventilation may cause

more energy to be released in the compartmentthan can be lost and this condition of ’thermalrunaway’ may lead to ’flashover’). Additionally, themovement of combustion products through theopening may create a reduction in room pressurethat actually ‘pulls’ heat and smoke, and possiblyfire itself, from adjacent areas. In general, there isusually a brief improvement in local conditions inthe vicinity of the window but this may only betemporary. The conditions elsewhere in the struc-ture may worsen because of this venting action.

The hazards associated with initiating rapiddecompression in a fire-involved structure existand may have dramatic influences on fire spreadand extreme fire behavior. In the January 2000edition of Fire Engineering magazine Brian White,a Captain with FDNY, put forward his own theoryof a phenomena he termed – high-pressurebackdraft. It was Mr. White’s belief that windeffects upon buildings sometimes created exces-sive pressures to form within, as air enteredthrough various openings on the windward side ofa structure. He further suggested that when anopening was created elsewhere in the structure,the sudden unleashing of pent- up pressure some-times worsened the effects of any rapid fire devel-opment as it stirred a large mass of high-velocityair-movement through the structure. He describedseveral scenarios where rapid decompression of astructure occurred as windows failed, or vented,causing major increases in the burning-rate thatwere greater than normally anticipated ‘fanning’effects created by wind movement alone. I havealso written extensively on this phenomenon since1992 (Fog Attack), suggesting that great forces ofmomentum and inertia may be created by nega-tive pressures that develop within structures dur-ing fire situations. One such example is related tothe negative pressure that often exists behind fire-fighters as they advance into a fire involved floorof a high-rise structure causing the fire to be‘sucked’ out of the apartment or floor to headdirectly into the stair-shaft. This negative pressuremay be substantial and is a by-product of naturalstack effects in the stairway itself. On occasions thiseffect can cause a negative pressure in the fire areaitself to cause outside windows to break inwards,allowing exterior winds to intensify fire conditions.

At a high-rise apartment fire in Houston, Texaswhere a Fire Captain was killed in 2001, it wasreported –

’They exited the apartment and headed downthe hall, but a nasty thing happened when theyopened the stairwell door, sources say. The stair-well acted like a ferocious maw, sucking heat andsmoke down from the burning apartment. ForJahnke and Green the effect was overwhelming.The smoke grew thick as a blindfold; a torrent ofhot air whirred past. The captains reportedly triedto beat a retreat by following their hose out of the apartment and down the hallway, a task made brutally complicated by the coiled, irregularpathway of their lifeline.

The violent shift in the air current created highconfusion by sucking the heat away from the fire.To Jahnke it seemed as if they were headedtoward the fire, not away from it, as they followedthe path of the hose, Hauck says’ . . .

In July 1990 FDNY firefighters experiencedsimilar effects when a fire on the 51st floor of theEmpire State building created a reversal of smoke



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P. 55-61 1/1/04 2:15 AM

and super-heated fire gases as firefightersapproached from the vented fire-tower stairs. Thenatural stack effect in the stairway, coupled withan exterior wind estimated to be gusting to 60mph, caused the outside windows to fail with asubsequent reversal of fire, heat and smoke intothe stairs behind the advancing firefighters.

In 1988 a team of firefighters in London werecaught as they approached a high-rise fire fromthe stair-shaft. As firefighters began to attack thefire in a five-roomed apartment on the 16th floorthe opening of two stairway lobby doors on thefire floor allowed the negative pressure to reverseflows, drawing superheated gases and fire into thestairway. The fire extended three levels above andtwo levels below the fire floor in the stairway! Sev-eral firefighters were burned. During the mid-1980s another fire in the UK took a firefighter’slife under extremely similar circumstances as mid-lands firefighters battled a high-rise blaze.

On December 18, 1998, tragedy struck the NYCFire Department a mere 7 days before Christmasclaiming the lives of 3 fire fighters. At 0454 hoursBrooklyn transmitted box 4080 for a top floor fireat 17 Vandalia Avenue in the Starrett City develop-ment complex. The sprawling complex is locatedon Brooklyn’s south shore in the Spring Creek sec-tion. The 10 story 50 x 200 fireproof building isused as a senior citizen’s residence. ‘As theLieutenant and fire fighters arrived at the door, asudden change in the wind direction forced anestimated 29- MPH wind gust into the apartment,and a 2,000 degree fireball into the hallway’.

With the memory of 3 fire fighter’s funeralsfresh in their minds, NYC’s Bravest were calledupon yet again to battle a 4 alarm hi-rise fire inthe posh Upper West Side of Manhattan. Thistime, 4 civilians were to lose their lives. In a virtualrepeat of the fire that killed 3 fire fighters 5 daysprior, the hallway and stairwell were convertedinto a 2000-degree smokestack. Within minutesfire was showing through the 19th floor apart-ment’s windows; clouds of black smoke billowedup along the buildings 51-story facade. Unlike thefire on Vandalia Avenue, this building was notrequired to have sprinklers in the hallways, only afirehose and standpipe in the stairwell. Many resi-

dents on the upper floors were lucky in theirattempt to leave the building. They took the stair-way early enough to avoid being disabled bysmoke and heat. But for 4 others the timing justwasn’t right. Between the 27th and 29th floor, 4people died of smoke inhalation.

In 2001 several tower occupants were rescuedfrom the roof of a UK high-rise fire as the fire wasreportedly ‘sucked’ out of an apartment and intothe stair-shaft, causing firefighters to retreat andre-group.

However, if crews are advancing a hose-line intoa room where there is fire then such an outlet willgenerally serve to assist their advancement byremoving heat and steam to the exterior. A recentresearch project carried out by Swedish scientistsdemonstrated the likely effects of a localizedwindow venting action.

A situation has been noted where ventingactions have often resulted in devastating effects.Some buildings are designed with a normal pointof entry through the front at ground floor level,whilst having the rear basement spilt-leveled sothat it too appears at ground level from the rear ofthe structure. Where initial openings made atground level (front) for entry are followed by vent-ing (or further entry) actions at the rear basementlevel, rapid fire propagation has often occurred.Usually, this situation occurs whilst firefighters areoccupying the space.

It is always essential to consider the wind direc-tion and any effects this is likely to have on firespread. This is particularly important where wind isentering the point of entry – such an effect maybe either useful or hazardous to interior firefight-ing crews advancing on the fire. A further situa-tion that may lead to unfavorable conditions couldoccur where ventilation openings are made in aroom adjacent to the fire compartment. Where air-flows are set up through the fire compartmentitself the conditions may improve but where thenatural path of ventilation is through a roomadjacent, temperatures and smoke-logging mayactually increase throughout both compartments.

Remember – in any situation, what is your objec-tive in creating an opening? Temporary relief mayoccur at the point of opening but if such a venting


The venting action atthe DCFD Cherry Roadfire demonstrates thishazard


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point is not ahead of an advancing hose-crew –think twice? If it is a point of entry you are creatingthen risk-assess the situation and again apply theobjective test – is there a better point of entry?What will be achieved in creating this opening?

Roof Ventilation – A Viable Option? Battalion Chief Frank Montana (FDNY) describeshow tactical venting actions on roofs should beapproached –

In NYC we do not vent peaked roof privatedwellings in the early stages of the fire. We,instead use our available manpower to aggressive-ly attack the fire and to simultaneously initiate aninterior search both on the fire floor and abovethe fire. If needed, later arriving units will open theroof. On a flat wood joist roof private dwelling,we would initiate roof ventilation early in theoperation because venting the roof will greatlyimprove interior conditions and allow aggressiveinterior attack as well as search. For multipledwellings, we would quickly open the stair bulk-head and skylight. This prevents fire mushroomingand allows for victim survival as well as an aggres-sive interior attack and search. If the fire was onthe top floor of a wood joist roof, we would cutover the fire area to prevent fire spread in thecockloft. If the fire were spreading in the cockloft,we might try a trench cut along with positioninglines to stop the fire. On commercial buildings,with metal deck roofs and metal bar joist sup-ports, there is usually not much point to cuttingthe roof. We would just open any existing open-ings like skylights and try and vent horizontally.The hazards of cutting these roofs usually out-weigh the benefits. The same goes for poured orplank gypsum board roof. We don’t cut them.They are too hazardous. We have lightweightwood truss floor beams and roof beams and lightweight metal C joists to deal with now. The light-weight wood truss fails without warning early in afire and the C joist turns to limp spaghetti whenexposed to the fires heat. Cutting roofs supportedby these joists is not a great idea. The problem isthat often, we are unaware that they are present.There is no warning sign that lightweight metal orwood truss or c joists are in place. The first indica-tion of their presence may be discovered when theroof man cuts the roof or when the roof or floorcollapses. We try to identify these buildings andput them into the dispatch info transmitted whenwe are notified to respond. Then there is the prob-lem presented by membrane roof covering with itsfast spread. (Fire-fighters have been chased off ofthese roofs by fast spreading fire.) In addition,depending on the type, it is sometimes difficulty tocut. As you might imagine, we don.t cut manyconcrete roofs. For our buildings, with our types ofconstruction and using our aggressive interiorattack and search tactics, roof ventilation makesgood sense in many instances. It is dangerous as isentering a building without a hose line to search,but the rewards are often great. (Saving life) Theroof man should be an experienced and welltrained firefighter.

Positive Pressure Ventilation – PPV As a post fire strategy the use of Positive PressureVentilation (PPV) by trained and experienced oper-ators is generally proven to safely and effectivelyremove smoke and dangerous gases from within

the fire compartment and structure, enabling fire-fighters to complete overhaul and mop-up opera-tions with ease. When used to force-vent astructure/compartment during the actual fireattack stage PPV has been found to relieve condi-tions for firefighters; improve visibility; removesmoke and dangerous gases quickly and effectivelyand reduce temperatures within the structure.However, such use of PPV demands a more inten-sive level of training and a comprehensive under-standing of fire behaviour, air dynamics and firegas transport within a structure. Before using PPVduring the attack stages of a fire it is imperative toknow where the fire is located; to what stage theburning regime has developed and if the fire com-partment is in an under-ventilated state.

Where the fire exists in an under-ventilatedstate or where any warning signs preceding back-draught are apparent then PPV should not be usedif the structure is likely to remain occupied. It iswell established that the addition of air into anunder-ventilated compartment could possibly trig-ger a backdraft, smoke explosion or even a flash-fire. If the fire has reached a ventilation-controlledregime, with steady-state burning, it may be safeto initiate PPV but firefighters should be awarethat the air-flow from the fan/s could still possiblycreate a build-up of dangerous gases or combus-tion products within compartments. This couldoccur as super-heated wall and ceiling linings andhot embers/’bulls-eyes’ combine in the increasedair-flow to form a hazardous environment. Also,firefighters should gain an understanding of howair-dynamics in stair-shafts and corridors couldpotentially create negative pressures that may actu-ally ‘pull’ fire, smoke and gases into such areas.The potential for fire spread into other areas whereelements of structure have been breached alwaysremains a concern and PPV should be used inassociation with firefighters operating thermalimage cameras (TICs) to monitor any such firespread into internal shafts or roof voids. The sitingof adequately sized smoke outlet points is of coursea major factor of any successful PPV operation.

A more recent adaptation of Positive PressureAttack has seen firefighters use isolation tacticsinline with PPV. This entails ’safe-zoning’ areas byconfining the fire and venting dangerous gas for-mations in adjacent compartments from the struc-ture prior to opening and entering the firecompartment itself. For example, where a crewadvances in and locates a well advanced room firebehind a closed door they may decide to ventilatethe structure, using PPV, and clear any gases priorto entering the room for fire suppression.

Tactical ventilation or fire isolation tactics? –two options that both offer major benefits to thefirefighter. The choice in any situation is down tocareful risk-assessment by balancing potential risksversus likely gains and applying the ’objectives’test as described above. In some situations anearly venting action relies heavily on adequateresources, equipment and manpower on-scene toensure a safe and effective outcome. To be in aposition to operate effectively there must be a pre-plan that is documented by SOPs and firefightersmust have early and safe access to roofs, in theform of aerial appliances. Where cutting tools andpower saws are not available it may still bepossible to utilize existing openings, skylights overstair-shafts etc, to ventilate effectively for Life. APF



Paul Grimwood served 26years as a professionalfirefighter, mostly within thebusy inner-city area ofLondon's west-end. He hasalso served in the WestMidlands and MerseysideBrigades as well as lengthystudy detachments to the firedepartments of New YorkCity, Boston, Chicago, LosAngeles, San Francisco, LasVegas, Phoenix, Miami,Dallas, Metro Dade Florida,Seattle, Paris, Valencia,Stockholm and Amsterdam.During the mid 1970s heserved as a Long Islandvolunteer firefighter in NewYork State USA. He has fourbooks in six languages andover 100 technical papers onfirefighting strategypublished. He can be reachedat www.firetactics.com

P. 55-61 21/11/06 9:34 am

Chemetron w/p 10/12/05 9:57 am Page 1


ALARM TECHNOLOGY

This happens everyday to firefighters aroundthe world. When the firefighters arrive andenter the building, they have many crucial

questions:● Where is the emergency?● Is it an actual fire event and if so, where did it

start?● How long has it been burning and which way is

it spreading?● What’s the fastest way to reach people in need

of aid?● Are there any internal structural or chemical

hazards?

Revolutionary Firefighter ToolWhen firefighters arrive on the scene of a buildingfire emergency, they first must gather informationto accurately assess the situation. Speed of assess-

ment is critical. The more rapidly the origin of thefire and its progression is identified, the moreeffectively resources can be deployed on the firescene. Increased speed and accuracy of responseresult in the potential reduction in loss of propertyand life.

Using a new interactive wayfinding technology,firefighters receive answers to critical questionsquickly and reliably. This revolutionary touch-screen PC for firefighters simplifies emergencyscene assessment by pinpointing the origin andmigration of a fire. The display is installed in abuilding lobby or main entrance to a facility. Thisbreakthrough technology gives first responders theability to access the information they need to per-form their jobs safely, effectively and efficiently.Firefighters now have an additional tool to fight a fire, potentially reducing property loss and

By Peter J. Ebersoldand Trista A. Budd

Honeywell Fire SystemsGroup

Evolution of FireAlarm Technology:Interactive Firefighter’s DisplayEnvision a fire department responding to a fire alarm in the middle of the night.The facility is primarily occupied during the day, like an office building, shoppingmall or industrial plant. There is no visible smoke. This building – like many othersaround the world – has no trained security force patrolling it, no bank of CCTVmonitors being carefully watched for any sign of trouble. Then an alarm from thefire control panel alerts the local fire department to a potential fire situation.

Figure 1 (Firefighter using

FirstVision)

P. 63-65 21/11/06 9:35 am

improving life safety for building occupants andthe firefighters themselves.

The new interactive firefighter’s display is housedin a rugged wall mounted box to be installed in abuilding’s lobby or common area. The display ispowered by a 24 volt power supply with batterybackup. The box is locked during normal conditionsand unlocks automatically once the fire alarm sys-tem is activated. The touch screen is driven by thefire alarm system. Multiple displays can be installedin any facility. For example, in sprawling industrialcomplexes, a touch screen display can be positionedat every major facility entrance. The display unitsoperate separately, so unique information can beviewed on different units simultaneously.

Fire Alarm System EvolutionFire alarm life safety systems have been movingtowards more intelligence for quite some time.The dramatic shift in demand from conventional toaddressable systems was driven by the need tomore accurately identify the origin of a fire alarm.Addressable systems have the ability to pinpointthe origin of an alarm, whether it is an automated

fire detection device such as a smokeor heat detector or a manually operat-ed device such as a pull station. Mod-ern addressable fire systems not onlyhave the ability to display a descriptionof the location but also the ability tocrudely communicate the spread ofthe fire. The new interactive firefight-ers display is the next evolutionary stepin intelligent fire systems.

Addressable fire alarm control pan-els (FACPs) were one of the first stepsto assist in pinpointing the origin of afire. With features such as customlabels, the FACP can display analphanumeric description of the loca-tion of an activated detector(s). Thiscustom label information is most usefulto someone who is familiar with thelayout of a building such as a facilitymanager or maintenance personnel.Since many life safety emergencies canoccur after normal working hours,

building personnel may not always be on site toassist firefighters in locating a fire. The newwayfinding technology gives firefighters timelyinformation on the origin and spread of a fire with-in a structure whose layout they are not likely to befamiliar with.

Today, current fire alarm control panels (FACPs)and annunciation technologies in commercialbuildings are a primary source of alarm informa-tion for firefighters arriving on the scene. This isparticularly true at night when building occupantsare not there to report their observations. Currentfire alarm control panels and traditional annuncia-tors indicate only the devices that are in alarm (SeeFigure 2). This sensor/detector information is givenin a rather austere form. Typically, the fire panelspresents activated smoke/heat detectors as itemsin an alphanumeric list, each activated detectordescribed by an alphanumeric location code, andan activation time.

In order to interpret the data the firefightermust perform two tasks. First, they must translatethe alphanumeric location code for each detectorin the series to a location in the building. Second,

in order to understand thetime sequence in whichthe detectors were acti-vated and hence, assessthe speed of fire propaga-tion, they must readthrough the times in thealphanumeric detector listand create a mental time-line. To understand boththe speed and direction of fire propagation, thefirefighter must do bothof these simultaneously. In contrast, the firefighterdisplay saves crucialassessment time by pro-viding a spatial, graphicaldepiction of the locationof activated detectors inthe building and a graphi-cal visualization of thetime sequence of detectoractivations.


Figure 2

EVOLUTION OF FIRE ALARM TECHNOLOGYALARM TECHNOLOGY

Figure 3

P. 63-65 21/11/06 9:35 am

But with this new wayfinding technology, fire-fighters are no longer limited to fire alarm infor-mation only. Now they have the power to seevirtually everything within the building that canhelp or hinder their response. In addition to thesetwo major features, the display also support fire-fighter situation assessment by providing easyaccess to graphical, spatial information on thelocation of water supplies, evacuation routes,access routes and points, fire barriers, gas, power,and HVAC shutoffs, and chemical and structuralhazards present in the building.

Designed by Firefighters, ForFirefightersWhen a firefighter arrives on the scene, the timerequired for scene size-up must be minimizedwhile the amount of information gathered mustbe maximized. As a result of thorough researchand extensive interviews with senior level profes-sional firefighters, the new interactive display wasdeveloped to provide critical answers in 30-60 sec-onds. The display is so intuitive to use that no spe-cial training is required. Firefighters can quicklyobtain crucial information about a building emer-gency that is easy to interpret with a spatial,graphical depiction of the location and sequenceof detector activation.

When a firefighter first approaches the display,the default screen graphically identifies whereactive detectors are located in a structure overlaidon the building floor plan. The active detectoricons flash in sequence of activation to clearly indi-cate fire origin and the direction which it is spread-ing. By selecting the active detector icon, thefirefighter learns the device details and how long ithas been active. On the first screen the responderhas an overview of the entire building, viewingcrucial data such as the number and location of allentrances and exits, offices/ rooms and wall loca-tions. Any hazardous materials in the facility arealso immediately apparent with HazMat iconsoverlaid on the floor plan (See Figure 3).

Firefighters have a choice of which informationto access, based on what type of emergency isoccurring and what their experience tells them

they need to know quickly. The large display and clearly labeled icons makes it easy for firefighters to touch the screen and gather criticalevent information even while wearing thickgloves. Each screen gives maximum informationwith minimal navigation. In fact the user is nevermore than one screen away from the informationthey need.

And finally, all the icons used are industry stan-dard and instantly recognizable to virtually all firstresponse personnel. If the building is part of a newdevelopment, or if the first responder is not com-pletely familiar with the area in which the buildingis located, he or she can access a site plan thatshows the building’s geographical location andposition in relation to surrounding streets, land-marks, or other buildings. And first responders nolonger need to search for emergency contactnames or other important phone numbers. All thisinformation is displayed on the contact list, whichis clearly marked on the interactive touch-screen.

Applications/Typical InstallationsBecause the interactive display is designed tospeed up and clarify the decision making processfor firefighters, the more complex the decisionmaking process, the more valuable the system.Therefore, the system is most important to largerbuildings and larger complexes/campuses.

One of the first installations of this new tech-nology is in a science building of a university in theUnited States. The complex layout of the laborato-ry facility and the numerous hazardous materialsused and stored in the laboratories make the inter-active display valuable. Some other key applica-tions are outlined in Figure 4.

ConclusionThe new firefighter’s interactive display takes theinformation available to responding fire companiesto the next level and increases the value of the firealarm system in planning an attack on a fire.Ultimately, this new wayfinding technology assistsfirefighters in what they do best: evacuate thebuilding, locate the seat of the fire and extinguishit to stop further property loss. APF


EVOLUTION OF FIRE ALARM TECHNOLOGYALARM TECHNOLOGY

Facility Type Why Use Wayfinding Technology? Examples

Medium to Larger Size Fighting fires in larger facilities tends to be more ● large distribution centersBuildings & Complexes complicated with involved building layouts ● assembly plants

High Value Buildings Buildings occupied by a large number of people or ● hospitalscontain extremely valuable property need fire ● museums and galleriesresponse personnel immediately directed to the ● high rise office or event location. ● residential properties

● sports arenas● concert halls

High Risk Buildings When buildings have high risk and/or hazardous ● petrochemical plantsmaterials, wayfinding technology clearly shows ● munitions manufacturingthe location of these materials on the building ● data storagelayout. By selecting the HazMat icon, the first ● archival storage facilitiesresponder can learn important details about the ● laboratory facilitiesmaterial and appropriate fire suppression technique. ● (commercial, education,

forensic)

High Visibility Businesses that can gain increased security by ● luxury hospitalityincluding wayfinding technology in the fire and ● high rise condominiumslife safety system. ● shopping malls

● premium office spaceFigure 4

P. 63-65 21/11/06 9:35 am

AUSTRALIAKIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTDStreet Address:314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172Mailing Address:PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195 Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171 Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577 Email: [email protected] Website: www.angusfire.com.au Representative Office for Angus Fire

GAAM EMERGENCY PRODUCTSPO Box 211, ThomastownVictoria 3074, AustraliaTel:03 9466 1244Fax: 03 9566 4743Website: www.gaam.com.auDealer/Distributor for Hale Products Europe

CHUBB FIRE AUSTRALIA120 Silverwater Road, Silverwater NSW 2118, AustraliaTel: +61 2 8748 7440Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

FIRE RESPONSE PTY LTDPO Box 668New South Wales 1730Seven Hills, AustraliaContact: Geoff MarchantTel: 0061 02 9838 9044Fax: 0061 02 9838 9071Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Kerr

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTDStreet Address:314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172Mailing Address:PO Box 682 Braeside Vic 3195 Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171 Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577 Email: [email protected] Website: www.angusfire.com.au Representative Office for Kidde FireProtection

PACIFIC HELMETS (AUSTRALIA) PTYLTDUnit 10, 156 Hartley RoadSmeaton Grange NSW 2567Tel: 02 4647 7936Fax: 02 4647 7941Email: [email protected]: www.pacifichelmetsaust.comRepresentative Office for Pacific Helmets

OPEC SYSTEMS PTY LTD Peter Murphy 3 – 4 Aquatic DriveFrenchs ForestNew South Wales 2086AustraliaTel: +612 9453 9077Fax: +612 9975 7808Website: www.opecsystems.com.auDealer/Distributor for PPS

COMSOLINT PTY LTD495 Trees Road4228 Tallebugera QldAustraliaTel: 0061 4 39493332Fax: 0061 7 3009 0527Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Russwurm

AUSTRALIAN FIRE ENTERPRISES (AFE)Mr Mike Donegan, P.O Box 7027Mannering Park, NSW 2259, AustraliaTel: 61 2 43 592 244Fax: 61 2 43 593 301Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Securiton AG

SNAP-TITE AUSTRALIA PTY. LTDP.O. Box 721, MulgraveVictoria 3170, AustraliaTel: (61) 39545 1465Fax: (61) 39545 1495Email: [email protected]: www.snap-titehose.comContact: Mr. David ChristisonRepresentative Office for Snap-tite

GAAM EMERGENCY PRODUCTS29 Temple Dr., PO Box 211 ThomastownVictoria, 3074, AustraliaTel: +61 3 9466 1244Fax: 61 3 9466 4743Email: [email protected]: www.gaam.com.auDealer/Distributor for TFT

FERNO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD11 Johnstone RoadBrendale Queensland, Australia 4500Tel: +61 7 3205 5505Toll Free: 1800 804 647Fax: +61 7 3881 1125 Email: [email protected]: www.ferno.com.auDealer/Distributor for TNT

VISION FIRE & SECURITY – APACPrivate Bag 215, 495 Blackburn RoadMount Waverley VIC 3149, AustraliaToll Free: 1800 700 203Tel: +61 (0) 3 9211 7200Fax: +61 (0) 3 9211 7202Representative Office for Vision System,Fire & SecurityEmailUse the following email address to direct allsales and service enquiries from Asia, Australia,NZ and South Africa to our regional office:Sales and Marketing: [email protected] Support: [email protected]@vision-fs.com

1048 Beaudesert RoadCoopers PlainsQLD 4108, AustraliaTel: +617 3246 5253Fax: +617 3216 6599Dealer/Distributor for Vision System, Fire & Security

Suite 106, 55 Blaxland RoadRyde, NSW 2112, AustraliaTel: +612 9808 2577Fax: +612 9808 2599Dealer/Distributor for Vision System, Fire & Security

PUMPS DOWN UNDER T/AWATEROUS AUSTRALIA Mr. Barry Coe22 Longmorn Crescent CarraraQueensland 4211Australia Tel: +61 0 7 552 28930Fax: +61 0 7 552 2830Email: [email protected] Office for WaterousCompany

WHYTE-HALL (AUSTRALIA) PTY LTDUnit 2 81-83 Station RoadSeven Hills NSW 2147 Australia Contact: Matthew MacRaeEmail: [email protected] Tel: +612 9838 4420Fax: +612 9838 4460Website: www.whyte-hall.comDealer/Distributor for Wolf Safety Lamp

BANGLADESHMANIK BROTHERSHai Mansion (3rd Floor)9/3 Motijheel Circular RoadDhaka – 1000BangladeshTel: +880 2 7100 589Fax: +880 2 7100 386Email: [email protected]: Mr A K BhowmickDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

BRUNEIBAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE. LTD. 2 Alexandra Road#01-03A Delta House Singapore 159919Singapore Tel: +65 6271 6271Fax: +65 6272 3345 Email: [email protected] Representative Office for BauerCompressors

PFH FIRE PROTECTION P O Box 327 Seria 7003 Negara Brunei Darussalam Tel: (00 673) 3 332 519 Fax: (00 673) 3 332 519 Contact: HJH. B.A. Noraliza (General Manager)Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/940000 Shah Alam Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysiaTel: +603 550 9060Fax: +603 550 4486Email: [email protected]: www.dasaprem.comContact: Mr Prem R MurthyDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

GLAMCO AVIATION (B) SDN BHDGPO Box 2793Bandar Seri BegawanBrunei BS 8675Tel: +673 2 451757Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE. LTD438 Alexandra Road 17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point Singapore 119958 Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978 Website: http://www.kiddeasia.com Contacts: Matthew Grierson: [email protected] Graham: [email protected] Tan: [email protected] Office for Kidde FireProtection


Distributor and Representative Offices

P. 66-71 Dealers 21/11/06 9:36 am

SECURITON AG, REPRESENTATIVEOFFICE ASIAMr Lewis ChongNo. 19A, Lorong Rahim Kajai 13Taman Tun Dr. IsmailMY-60000 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaTel: +60 3 7725 1699Fax: +60 3 7725 1677Email: [email protected]: www.securiton.chRepresentative Office for Securiton AG

FITTERS HOLDING BHD.Mr Richard WongLot 2221, Kg. Jaya Industrial AreaMY-47000 Sg. Buloh Selangor, MalaysiaTel: +60 3 6157 6199Fax: +60 3 6157 0801Email: [email protected]: www.fittersgroup.comDealer/Distributor for Securiton AG

CHINAKIDDE CHINA Product Support & Sales Office 21/F Tower 2 88 Container Port Road, Hong Kong Tel: 00 852 2334 2388 Fax: 00 852 2370 8381 Email: [email protected] Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)Fax: 03 9518 5577 Email: [email protected] Website: www.angusfire.com.auRepresentative Office for Angus Fire

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN CHINA LTD 707 Block A, M.P. Industrial Centre18 Ka Yip Street, Chai Wan, Hong Kong S.A.R Tel: +852 2595 1898 Fax: +852 2595 0878 Email: [email protected] Representative Office for BauerCompressors

SHENZHEN RUFN INDUSTRIAL CO LTDRM-701 7/F Leaser Tower1st Fuhua RdShenzhenChinaTel: +86 755 8399 9581Fax: +86 755 8399 9548Email: [email protected]: Amy JinDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

CHUBB CHINA1/F Guard Force Centre3 Hok Yuen Street EastHunghomKowloon, Hong KongTel: +852-23622632 Dealer/Distributor for Chemetron

WUXI FIRETRE SAFETECHNo 8, 2nd FloorXian Li RoadWUXI, Jiangsu Province 214021People’s Republic of ChinaTel: +86 510 275 3771Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

KIDDE CHINA Product Support & Sales Office 21/F Tower 288 Container Port Road Hong Kong Tel: 00 852 2334 2388 Fax: 00 852 2370 8381 Email: [email protected] Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)[email protected] Office for Kidde FireProtection

GDW-BROCOOPneumatic Technique Co. LtdNo 1001 B Building Triumphal ArcPlaza Xudong Road430070 Wuhan, ChinaTel: 0086 27 86828060Fax: 0086 27 86728946Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Russwurm

SIGNALBAU HUBER INTELLIGENTTRAFFIC SYSTEM EQUIPMENT(SHANGHAI) CO. LTD.Mr Rolf Naegele3065 He Chuan RoadShanghai 201103P.R. of ChinaTel: +86 21 6446 4466Fax: +86 21 6446 4131Email: [email protected]: www.signalbau-huber.comDealer/Distributor for Securiton AG

SHANGHAI JINDE INDUSTRYDEVELOPMENT CO., LTDRoom 610, 1 Lane 50, Xin Cun RoadShanghai, 200065, ChinaTel: +86 21-360-50599 Fax: +86 21-360-55599Email: [email protected]/Distributor for TFT

CHINA JING FIRE APPARATUSSeventh Floor of the Minghe Business Building 9 Xinhua Rd Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R.C. 310003Tel: +86-571-8722-0338Fax: +86-571-8721-1036Dealer/Distributor for TNT

Unit 110918 Xi Zang Zong RoadShanghai, PR, 200001, ChinaTel: +8621 5385 2449Fax: +8621 5385 2450Dealer/Distributor for Vision System, Fire & Security

Unit 707, 7/F, B TowerChina International Science & Tech Convention CentreNo. 12 Yu min RoadChao yang DistrictBeijing 100029, ChinaTel: +8610 82 250 695Fax: +8610 82 250 716Dealer/Distributor for Vision System, Fire & Security

FIJIPHILLIPS & SMITH LIMITED10 Akatea Road, GlendeneAuckland, New ZealandTel: +649 818 8048Fax: +649 818 4484Email: [email protected]: www.firemaster.co.nzContact: Mr S HamptonDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

HONG KONGBAUER ENGINEERING (HK) LTD Unit 13-05/6, 13/F, Tower BRegent Centre63 Wo Yi Hop Road Kwai Chung N.T.Hong Kong, China Tel: +852 2151 8211 13 Fax: +852 2418 9139 Send an e-mail <http://www.bauer-kompressoren.de/sales/bcmail_en.php?id=241>Representative Office for BauerCompressors

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO Room A, 13th Floor Go-Up Commercial Building 998, Canton Road, Mongkok, Kowloon Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071 Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145 Email: [email protected] Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

CHUBB HONG KONG LIMITED3 Hok Yuen Street East, Hung HomKowloon, Hong KongTel: +852 2746 9628Fax: +852 2785 0849Dealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

CHUBB HONG KONG1/F, Guard Force Centre, 3 Hok Yuen Street EastHunghom, Kowloons, Hong KongTel: +852-23622632 Dealer/Distributor for Chemetron

PLOVER ENGINEERING LTDRoom 410, No.2 Wing Yip StreetLu Plaza, Kwun TongKowloon, Hong KongTel: +852 2976 9442Fax: +852 2505 5385Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Hale Products Europe

SAFETECH LIMITEDBlock C Unit 11, 11th FloorWah Lock Industrial Centre, Shan Mai StreetFo Tan Shatin, New Territories, Hong KongDealer/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

ON MAN SAFETY EQUIPMENT CO.6/F Block F1, Hong Kong Industrial Building444-452 Des Voeux Road, WestHong KongContact: Micheal LuiTel: 00852 254 72658Fax: 00852 254 72674Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Kerr

KIDDE CHINA Product Support & Sales Office21/F Tower 2, 88 Container Port RoadHong Kong Tel: 00 852 2334 2388 Fax: 00 852 2370 8381 Email: [email protected] Contact: Martin Dowson (General Manager)[email protected] Office for Kidde FireProtection

CENTURION FIRE 20, Shan Tung St, G/FMong Kok, KowloonTel: (852) 2332 7071Fax: (852) 2332 6145Email: [email protected]: www.centurionfire.com.ukDealer/Distributor for Pacific Helmets

SAFETECH LIMITEDAndy ChanBlock C Unit 11-12 17/FWah Lok Industrial CentreShan Mei Street, FO TanShatin NT, Hong KongTel: 00852 2687 4038Website: www.safetech.com.hkDealer/Distributor for PPS

YIU WAH (KOGARAH) CO. LTD.Mr Raymond Ng, Room 9019th Floor, No 113 Argyle StreetMongkok, Kowloon, Hong KongTel: +852 2781 1384 Fax: +852 2782 6652Email: [email protected]: www.ywk.com.hkDealer/Distributor for Securiton AG


DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

P. 66-71 Dealers 21/11/06 9:37 am

UNIVERSAL CARS LIMITEDUCL House374-380 Castle Peak RoadTsuen Wan, N.T., Hong KongTel: +852 2414 0231Fax: +852 2413 6063Email: [email protected]: www.mitsubishi-motors.com.hkDealer/Distributor for TFT

Level 16 Cheung Kong Centre2 Queens Road, Central, Hong KongTel: +852 2297 2437Fax: +852 3167 4510Dealer/Distributor for Vision System, Fire & Security

INDIAVIJAY INDUSTRIES & PROJECTS LTD 35, Chandivali, Off Saki Vihar Road Andheri (East)Mumbai 400 072 Tel: +91 22 851 8773 Fax: +91 22 852 6067 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.vijayin.com Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

MOUNT EVEREST ENGINEERINGCOMPANY A-103 Gokul Arcade Sahar RoadVile Parle (East) Mumbai 400 057India Tel: +91 (22)8202558 Fax: +91 (22)8205792 Dealer/Distributor for Bauer Compressors

FOREMOST MARKETING PVT LTDM-1 Green Park ExtnNew Delhi 110016, IndiaTel: +91 11 261 969 82Fax: +91 11 261 669 61Email: [email protected]: www.foremostsafety.comContact: Mr Vinay KhannaDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

FOREMOST MARKETING PRT LTD M-1, Green Park ExtnNew Delhi 1100016, India Tel: 00 91-11-261-96982Fax: 00 91-11-261-66961Email: [email protected]: www.foremostsafety.comDealer/Distributor for e2v

CONTAVIDE ENTERPRISES PVT LTD208 Highland society, 8Vashundhara EnclaveDelhi-110 096, IndiaTel: 011 6485314/2619760Fax: 011 2622735/9393245Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Hale Products Europe

VIJAY SABRE SAFETY PVT LTDPlot 35 Chandivali VillageOff Saki Vihar RdMumbai 400 072, IndiaTel: +91 22 28475488Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

NITIN FIRE PROTECTION INDUSTRIESLIMITED501, Delta, Technology StreetHiranandani Gardens, PowaiMumbai 400-076IndiaContact: Vijay ShelarTel: 0091 22 2570 0392Fax: 0091 22 2570 1110Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Kerr

KIDDE INDIAVijay Industries & Projects Ltd 35, Chandivali, Off Saki Vihar Road Andheri (East)Mumbai 400 072 Tel: +91 22 851 8773 Fax: +91 22 852 6067 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.vijayin.com Representative Office for Kidde FireProtection

VIMAL FIRE CONTROLS PVT. LTD.Mr Vijay Doshi19/20 Vardhaman ServiceIndustrial Estate, L.B.S. Marg.IN-400083 Vikhroii (West) Mumbai, IndiaTel: +91 22 2578 3335Fax: +91 22 2578 3338Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Securiton AG

FOREMOST TECHNICO PVT LIMITEDM-1, Green Park ExtensionNew Delhi 110016, IndiaTel: +91 (11) 2619 6997Fax: +91 (11) 2616 6961Dealer/Distributor for TFT

TECHNO CRATS ASSOCIATES812, 8th Floor, Vikas Deep Bldg.District CentreLaxmi Nagar, Delhi – 110 092. IndiaTel: 91 – 11 – 5244 8311 Fax: 91 – 11 – 5244 8312Mob.: 91 – 98 101 83308Dealer/Distributor for TNT

Mumbai Resi./Office: 803, 8th Floor, Bldg. No. 23 C, Opp. Jalvayu Vihar, Hiranandani Gardens, Powai,Mumbai – 400 076Email: [email protected]: www.tca.co.in

703, Xanadu-D, Prathmesh ComplexVeera Desai Road, AndheriMumbaiIndia 400053Tel: 9122 5699 1906Fax: 9122 5699 1907Dealer/Distributor for Vision System, Fire & Security

INDONESIAPT. RANTAI LAUT JI Kemang Raya No. 11, Jakarta Selatan Tel: (00 62) 21 717 90122 Fax: (00 62) 21 717 90607 Website: http://www.rantai-laut.com Contact: Jimmy Singh Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

PT VICTORY UTAMA LESTARI JAYA Jln, Gatot Subroto Km. 3.5Komplex Rubo Dutamas Block F, No. 6 Tangerang 15138, Jakarta, IndonesiaTel: +62 (21) 552 8424/5 Fax: +62 (21) 552 8017 Send an e-mail <http://www.bauer-kompressoren.de/sales/bcmail_en.php?id=120>Representative Office for BauerCompressors

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/940000 Shah AlamSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysiaTel: +603 550 9060Fax: +603 550 4486Email: [email protected]: www.dasaprem.comContact: Mr Prem R MurthyDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

P.T. DRACOP.O. Box 2Tambun 17510 Jkt, IndonesiaTel: +62-21-8800058 Dealer/Distributor for Chemetron

P T MASTE DAYAAPondak Pinang CentreBlock C 16/18J L Ciputat RayaJakarta 12310, IndonesiaTel: +62 21 75 11 18Fax: +62 21 75 11 121Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Hale Products Europe

PT BUMI CERAH AGUNGKomplex KarangAnyar PermaiJl Karang Anyar No 55 /C1-17Jakarta 10740IndonesiaTel: +62 21 6246954Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE. LTD438 Alexandra Road 17-01 & 04 Alexandra PointSingapore 119958 Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978 Website: http://www.kiddeasia.com Contacts: Matthew Grierson: [email protected] Graham: [email protected] Tan: [email protected] Office for Kidde FireProtection

PT PALMAS ENTRACOJl. Krekot 85, Jakarta-PusatIndonesiaTel: +62 (21) 384 1681Fax: +62 (21) 380 2660Email: [email protected]/Distributor for TFT

PT ASTANITA SUKSES APINDOMr. Endy JI. Balet A/6Kelapa GadingJakarta Utara 14240, IndonesiaTel: +62 21 4584 1590Fax: +62 21 4584 1591Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Waterous Company

JAPANOWEN LTD 2-5-20 Gokou-Nishi Matsudo-Shi Chiba T270-2218 Tel: (00 81) 47 389 5510 Fax: (00 81) 47 385 1763 Email: [email protected] Contact: Mr. Masao Oyake (Managing Director)Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

BAUER COMPRESSORS CO. LTD10-36 Ryutsu-centerKitakami-shi Iwate-ken024-0014 Japan Tel: +81 0197 68 2251 Fax: +81 0197 68 2225 Representative Office for BauerCompressors

CORNES DODWELL LTD. (OSAKA) 13-40 Nishihonmachi 1-chomeNishi-kuOsaka 550-0005, JapanTel: + 81-6-6532-1012 Fax: + 81-6-6532-7749 Email: [email protected]: www.cornes-dodwell.co.jpDealer/Distributor for e2v



P. 66-71 Dealers 21/11/06 9:37 am

TEIKOKU SEN-I CO LTD. (TEISEN)5-13, 2-Chome, NihonbashiChuo-Ko, Tokyo, JapanTel: +81 3 3281 3028 Fax: +81 3 3274 6397Email: [email protected]: www.teisen.co.jpDealer/Distributor for Hale Products Europe


JAPAN – TOKYO, JUN TAKAHASHI,CORNES DODWELL LTD3-5-1 Shiba, Minato-KU, Tokyo 150-8451, JapanTel: +81 3 5774 9971Website: www.cornes.co.jpDealer/Distributor for PPS

YONE CORPORATION23, Nishinakaai-ChoNishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, JapanTel: +81 (7) 582-11185Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263Email: [email protected]: www.yone-co.co.jpDealer/Distributor for TFT

PLUS ALPHA CORPORATION5-9-12-608 Magamoto Minami-KuSaitama City, Saitama336-0033 JapanContact: Mr R HashimotoEmail: [email protected]: +81 48 865 7784Fax: +81 48 865 7784Dealer/Distributor for Wolf Safety Lamp

KOREA (SOUTH)INDECO CORPORATION 814 Daewoo, The-O-Plus Building1142-2 Sanbondong GunposiKyunggidoKorea 435-040 Tel: (00 82) 31 390 6911/2 Fax: (00 82) 31 390 6913 Email: [email protected] Contact: Thomas Park (President) Mobile: (00 82) 11 726 2248Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

YOUNGIL SUB SEA CO. LTD5th Floor, Ilsan Building191-1 Poi DongKangnam-Ku Seoul, South Korea Tel: +82 (2)346130003 Fax: +82 (2)5294240 Dealer/Distributor for Bauer Compressors

YU-IL#168 Samsung-Dong Samsung Bldg Rm 401 Gangnam-Gu, Seoul,KoreaTel: +011-82-2-565-7121 Dealer/Distributor for Chemetron

GODO ENGINEERING CO LTD 1FL. 142-5 Yeonhee-2 Dong Soedaemun-Gu Seoul, Korea, 120-112 Tel: 822-3141-1236 Fax: 822-3141-1270 Email: [email protected]: www.godoeng.comDealer/Distributor for e2v

JIN-ASIA CORPORATION889-3 Daedae-Ri, Unghon MyunUlzoo-Kun, Ulsan City, South KoreaTel: +82 52 221 9871Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

KIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE. LTD438 Alexandra Road 17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point, Singapore 119958 Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978 Website: http://www.kiddeasia.com Contacts: Matthew Grierson: [email protected] Graham: [email protected] Tan: [email protected] Office for Kidde FireProtection

KOAN NUMKUNGGodo Engineering Ltd, 3F, 219-Buam-dong,Jongro-gu, Seoul, 110-817, KoreaTel: 822-396-1522Fax: 822-396-1524Website: www.gogeng.comDealer/Distributor for PPS

ROYAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYCORPORATIONMr J.S. Chung, Royal Building, 3rd Floor840-5 Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-KuSeoul, KoreaTel: +82 2 567 8881Fax: +82 2 567 8831Email: [email protected]: www.ritco.co.krDealer/Distributor for Securiton AG

SHILLA FIRE CO., LTD433-11 Non Hon-DongNam Dong-GuInchon City 405-300South KoreaTel: +82-02-3665 9011Fax: +82-02-3663 9113Email: [email protected]: www.firekorea.comDealer/Distributor for TFT

DAE MYUNG CORP.368-1 Gupyeong-Dong Saha-Gu, Pusan, Korea Contact: Mr Jung Won LeeEmail: [email protected]: +82 51 261 0035Fax: +82 51 264 0081Dealer/Distributor for Wolf Safety Lamp

MACAUCENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO Room A, 13th Floor Go-Up Commercial Building 998, Canton RoadMongkokKowloon Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071 Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145 Email: [email protected] Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire


MALAYSIAKINSAJASA SDN BHD 1st Floor, 2298 Pujut 5 Shoplot 98000 Miri, SarawakEast MalaysiaTel: 6085 665802 or 660423 Fax: 6085 655803 or 655402 Email: [email protected] [email protected]: Roger Ling (Mobile: 6019 855 0360)Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

SK CRYOGENICS SDN BHD No 5, Jalan TP 7/6Sime U.E.P. Industrial ParkSection 26 40400 Shah AlamSelangor, Malaysia Tel: +60 3 5192 4269/70 Fax: +60 3 5192 4235 Dealer/Distributor for Bauer Compressors

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/9, 40000 Shah AlamSelangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaTel: +603 550 9060Fax: +603 550 4486Email: [email protected]: www.dasaprem.comContact: Mr Prem R MurthyDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

PANDAN NIAGA SDN.BHDNo. 81A, Jalan Tabla 33/21Shah Alam Technology ParkSeksyen 33, 40400 Shah AlamSelangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaTel: 03 5122 1310Fax: 03 5122 1279Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Hale Products Europe

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/94000 Shah AlamSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysiaTel: +60 (3) 551 00957Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/940 000 Shah AlamSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysiaContact: T.D. MurthyTel: 00603 5510 0957Fax: 00603 5510 4486Email: [email protected]: www.dasaprem.comDealer/Distributor for Kerr


MAZLAN OMARTMR Alam Sdn BhdG-9 Impian KotaJalan Kampung Attap50460 Kuala LumpurMalaysiaTel: 0060 3227 35200Fax: 0060 3227 35171Dealer/Distributor for PPS



P. 66-71 Dealers 21/11/06 9:37 am

CME EDARAN SDN BHDLot 19, Jalan Delima 1/1Subang Hi-Tech industrial Park, Batu Tiga, 4000Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaTel: +60 (3) 56331188Fax: +60 (3) 56343838Email: [email protected]/Distributor for TFT

Q&Q TECH SUPPLYMr. Abd Tarmidzi MoisManaging DirectorLot 2148, Jalan 3/10Bandar Baru SG. Buloh4700 SG. BulohSelangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaTel: +60 (0) 3 6156 8373Fax: +60 (0) 3 6156 8373Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Waterous Company

NEW ZEALANDKIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTDStreet Address:314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172Mailing Address:PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195 Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171 Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577 Email: [email protected] Website: www.angusfire.com.au Representative Office for Angus Fire

PHILLIPS & SMITH LIMITED10 Akatea Road, GlendeneAuckland, New ZealandTel: +649 818 8048Fax: +649 818 4484Email: [email protected]: www.firemaster.co.nzContact: Mr S HamptonDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

CHUBB FIRE & SAFETY PRODUCTS3 Fisher Crescent, Mt WellingtonPrivate Bag 9220, Auckland, New ZealandTel: +64 9 270 7234Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

PSLPO Box 69-028, 10 Akatea RoadGlendene, Auckland, New ZealandContact: Anne HadfieldTel: 0064 9 818 8048Fax: 0064 9 818 4484Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Kerr

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTDStreet Address:314 Boundary RoadDingley Vic 3172Mailing Address:PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195 Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171 Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577 Email: [email protected] Website: www.angusfire.com.au Representative Office for Kidde FireProtection

PACIFIC HELMETS (NZ) LTD315 Heads Road, WanganuiTel: +64 6 344 5019Fax: +64 6 344 5376Email: [email protected]: www.pacifichelmets.comRepresentative Office for Pacific Helmets

OPEC SYSTEMS PTY LTD Peter Murphy 3 – 4 Aquatic DriveFrenchs Forest, New South Wales 2086AustraliaTel: +612 9453 9077Fax: +612 9975 7808Website: www.opecsystems.com.auDealer/Distributor for PPS

FERNO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD11 Johnstone RoadBrendale Queensland, Australia 4500Tel: +61 7 3205 5505Toll Free: 1800 804 647Fax: +61 7 3881 1125 Email: [email protected]/Distributor for TNT

PAPUA NEW GUINEAKIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTDStreet Address:314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172Mailing Address:PO Box 682 , Braeside Vic 3195 Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171 Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577 Email: [email protected] Website: www.angusfire.com.au Representative Office for Angus Fire

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTDStreet Address:314 Boundary Road, Dingley Vic 3172Mailing Address:PO Box 682, Braeside Vic 3195 Freecall (Australia): 1800 672 171 Tel: 03 9518 5588 Fax: 03 9518 5577 Email: [email protected] Website: www.angusfire.com.au Representative Office for Kidde FireProtection

PHILIPPINESALARM SYSTEMS CORP. Unit 3205 Summit-1 Office Tower 530 Shaw Road, Mandulayong City Tel: (00 632) 532 0556 Fax: (00 632) 533 6476 Email: [email protected] Contact: Allen LimDealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

CEBU ERNBRI IMPORT,INC./AQUAVENTURE WHITETIP DIVESUPPLY Ermita Office: Unit 101 Joncor II Bldg #1362 A.Mabini Street Ermita Manila , Philippines 1000 Philippines Tel: +632 521-0433 Fax: +632 522-1165 Website: www.aquaventurewhitetip.comDealer/Distributor for Bauer Compressors

PALMER ASIA INC.33 Edsa Bangkal, 1233 MetroManila, Philippines Tel: +632 751 7774 Dealer/Distributor for Chemetron

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALESUnit 109, Cluster 3, Makati Prime City7708 St Paul Road San Antonio1203 Makati City, PhilippinesTel: +632 890 8818Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems


ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALESUnit 109 Cluster 3Makati Prime City7708 St. Paul Rd.Brgy San AntonioMakati City, PhilippinesTel: +63 (2) 897-2037Fax: +63 (2) 896-0083Email: [email protected]/Distributor for TFT

U-NET DISTRIBUTORS CORPORATION7 F Peninsula Court8735 Paseo de RoxasMakati City 1226 PhilippinesTel: 816 90 00Fax: 830 08 13Email: [email protected]/Distributor for TNT

SINGAPOREKIDDE ASIA FIRE & SECURITY PTE. LTD438 Alexandra Road 17-01 & 04 Alexandra Point Singapore 119958 Tel: (00 65) 6424 7979 Fax: (00 65) 6424 7978 Website: http://www.kiddeasia.com Contact: Bob Graham (Sales Manager, Fire Fighting Products) Dir Tel: (00 65) 6424 7938 Mobile: (00 65) 9671 1567 Email: [email protected] Representative Office for Angus Fire

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE. LTD. 2 Alexandra Road#01-03A Delta House Singapore 159919, Singapore Tel: +65 6271 6271Fax: +65 6272 3345 Email: [email protected] Representative Office for BauerCompressors

YEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LIMITED18 Penhas Road, 208182SingaporeTel: +65 62909890Fax: +65 62961444Email: [email protected]: www.fireweld.com.sgContact: Mr Don TayDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

SEALAND RESOURCESBlock 30 Kallang Place#06-21 To 24 KallangKallang Basin Industrial EstSingaporeTel: +65-62968180 Dealer/Distributor for Chemetron

S K FIRE PTE LTD8 Tuas Drive 2, SingaporeTel: +65 68623155Fax: +65 68620273Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Hale Products Europe



P. 66-71 Dealers 21/11/06 9:38 am

PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRIALEQUIPMENT COMPANY24 New Industrial Rd #02-08 Pei Fu BuildingSingapore 536210Tel: +65 6282 7722Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems


FORCE 21 EQUIPMENT PTE LIMITEDMr Daniel Cheah61 Kaki Buki Ave 1, Shun LI Ind Park02-24 S (417943), SingaporeTel: 0065 6848 4424Fax: 0065 6848 4434Dealer/Distributor for PPS

SNAP-TITE ASIA196 Pandan Loop #02-31Singapore, 128384Tel: (65) 6872-1411Fax: (65) 6872-1422Email: [email protected]: www.snap-titehose.comContact: Mr. Leong MakRepresentative Office for Snap-tite

S.K. FIRE PTE. LTD8 Tuas Drive 2Singapore 638643, SingaporeTel: +65 6862 3155Fax: +65 6862 0273Email: [email protected]: www.skfire.comDealer/Distributor for TFT

Central Square #02-01/0220 Havelock Road, Singapore 059765Tel: +65 6428 2448Fax: +65 6428 8387Dealer/Distributor for Vision System, Fire & Security

FABRISTEELMr. Marcus Yap, Manager, 9 Tuas Avenue 10Singapore 639133Tel: +65 6861 5988Fax: +65 6861 5988Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Waterous Company

WINDSOR MARINE PTE LTD28 Joo Koon Circle Singapore 629057Contact Mr Michael LimEmail: [email protected]: +65 6349 1930Fax: +65 6778 6882Dealer/Distributor for Wolf Safety Lamp

TAIWANSENSOR LTD No. 8-1, Rueiguang Road Neihu Chiu, Taipai, Taiwan 114 Tel: (00 886) 2 8792 9881 Fax: (00 886) 2 8792 9885 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.sensorfire.com Contact: Alex Jeng Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

MING SHEN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD5, PaShih 1 street, DanShui Town Taipei, Taiwan 25170Taiwan (Republic of China) Tel: +886 (2) 28095789 Fax: +886 (2) 28096189 Send an e-mail <http://www.bauer-kompressoren.de/sales/bcmail_en.php?id=233>Website: www.3arrow.com.twDealer/Distributor for Bauer Compressors

SHENG-TAI FIRE PROTECTIONINDUSTRIAL CO LTDNo 222-2 Sec2, Cheng Tai RdWu-Ku ShiangTaipei, Hsien, TaiwanTel: +886 22292 1751Fax: +886 22291 1984Email: [email protected]: www.shengtai.com.twContact: Liu Yuan HungDealer/Distributor for Bristol Uniforms

CHENG AN FIREGUARD IND.9/F No. 97 Sec. 2, Nan-Kang RoadTaipei, TaiwanTel: +011-8862-27888349Dealer/Distributor for Chemetron

CHANG’S WORLD CO LTDNo.36, Sec 3, Lane 106Ming Chuan East RoadTaipei, TaiwanTel: +886 2 2715 3658Fax: +886 2 2715 3659Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Hale Products Europe

SECOROC CORPORATION219 Chung Cheng North RoadSan Chung CityTaipei Hsien, TaiwanTel: +88 2 8985 3838Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems


NELVEN CO LTD C T Cho14F-6 No. 76 Sec 1Fu-Shing S Road, Taipei, TaiwanTel: 00886 22721 9770Website: www.nelven.com.twDealer/Distributor for PPS

ATLAS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATIONMr David Liu22F, No 1 Bausheng RoadYunghe City, TaipeiTaiwan 234, R.O.C.Tel: +886 2 223 20 556Fax: +886 2 223 16 657Email: [email protected]: www.atlasgroup.com.twDealer/Distributor for Securiton AG

SAFETY TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.Mr Terry Chung, 9F-1, 306, Sec. 1NeiHu Road, TaipeiTaiwan R.O.C.Tel: +886 2 8751 6055Fax: +886 2 8751 6053Email: [email protected]: www.updc.com.twDealer/Distributor for Securiton AG

YONE CORPORATION23, Nishinakaai-Cho, NishinokyoNakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, JapanTel: +81 (7) 582-11185Fax¨ +81 (7) 580-12263Email: [email protected]: www.yone-co.co.jpDealer/Distributor for TFT

Room 601, 23 F105 Tun Hwa S Road, Sec 2, Taipei 106, TaiwanTel: +886 227 841 669Fax: +886 227 841 679Dealer/Distributor for Vision System, Fire & Security

POLICO INTERNATIONAL CORP3F, No. 43 Fuguo Road (Shin-Lin), Taipei, TaiwanContact: Mr C.T. HuangTel: +8862 8866 1003Fax: +88862 8866 5479Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Wolf Safety Lamp

THAILANDAB GROUP 42 Soi Ngam Duplee, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120 Tel: (00 66) 2 2871570 Fax: (00 66) 2 2871460 Contact: Phairot Bulpakdi (Managing Director)Dealer/Distributor for Angus Fire

INTERSOL ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD 160 Rimklongprapa RoadBangsue Bangkok 10800, Thailand Tel: +66 2 9106 445 Fax: +66 2 9106 446 Send an e-mail <http://www.bauer-kompressoren.de/sales/bcmail_en.php?id=235>Dealer/Distributor for Bauer Compressors

CHASE ENTERPRISE (SIAM) CO LTD497 Phrapinklao Road, PO Box 7-67Bangyeekhan, BangpladBangkok 10700, ThailandTel: +66 2 883 2880Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Helmet IntegratedSystems

THE EAST ASIATIC (THAILAND)PUBLIC CO LTD – EAC1168/98-100 Lumpini Tower33rd Floor, Rama IV RoadKwang Thungmahamek, KhetSathorn Bangkok 10120, ThailandContact: Patcharaporn S.Tel: 0066 2689 5999Fax: 0066 2689 5888Email: [email protected]/Distributor for Kerr


SEAT PATTAYA CO., LTD138/74, 18th Floor, Jewellery Centre, Nares RoadSiphraya, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, ThailandTel: +66 (2) 267 3273sFax: +66 (2) 267-3280Email: [email protected]/Distributor for TFT



P. 66-71 Dealers 21/11/06 9:38 am


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Amkus, Inc 33

Angus Fire – A Kidde Company 29

Ansul, Inc. OBC

Bacou-Dalloz Protective Apparel IBC

Bauer Compressors Asia Pte Ltd. 59

BOC Gases Pte Ltd. 54

Bristol Uniforms 49

BW Technologies 38

Chemetron Fire Systems 62

Dafo Fomtec 59

Dr. Sthamer Hamburg 21

E2V Technologies 25

Fire Asia 2006 04

Firec 2006 17

GB Solo 11

Groupe Leader France 43

Hale Europe 26

Haztech 11

Helmet Integrated Systems 43

Hughes Safety Showers Ltd. 59

NFPA 02

Pacific Helmets 15

PPS 57

Rae Systems 09

Russwurm Ventilatoren GmbH 57

Sabo Foam – Tyco Safety Poducts 44

Search Systems, Inc. 40, 41 & 45

Securiton AG 53

Skum – Tyco Safety Products 18

Snap-Tite Hose Inc. 53

Super Vacuum Manufacturing 57

Task Force Tips, Inc. IFC

Texas A & M Emergency Services Training Institute 25

TNT Rescue Systems 30

Total Walther Loschmittel – Tyco Safety Products 23

Vision Fire & Security 50

Waterous Company 29

Wolf Safety Lamp 49

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P. 72 Subs/Ad. index 21/11/06 9:39 am

AD No 2005-8-Ix.qxd 19/12/05 11:10 am Page 1

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APF Issue 16

Documents

Transcript of APF Issue 16