2.3 Build sequential logic circuitCombinational logic circuit Sequential logic circuit Flip-flop Build flip-flop using logic gates

Objectives:1 Define sequential logic circuit.

2 Differentiate between combinational logic circuit andsequential logic circuit.3 Describe flip - flop.

4 Identify various types of flip-flops. 5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip flop using logic gates. 6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip flop.

Sequential & Combinationallogic circuit1 Define sequential logic circuit. 2 Differentiate between combinational logic circuit and sequential logic circuit.

Combinational & Sequential logic circuitCombinational Logic Circuits

Difference between

Basic building blocks include:Sequential Logic Circuits

Basic building blocks include FLIP-FLOPS:

Sequentiallogic circuit

S C

Q

R

Q'

Sequential logic is the type of digital systemthat does not only depend on current input, but also the previous history of the system.

For that reason sequential logic requiresmemory elements to function.

The building blocks used to construct devicesthat store data are called flip-flops.

Sequential logic circuit

Sequential circuit have loops these enable curcuits to receive feedback

Combinationallogic circuit Combinational logic is an interconnection oflogic gates to generate a specificities logic function where the inputs result in an immediate output, having no memory or storage capabilities.

There are function only based on theirinputs, and NOT based on clocks.

Combinational logic circuit

Combinational circuit is combination of various logic gates

Flip-Flop3 Describe flip - flop.

Flip-Flop "Flip-flop" is the common name given to two-statedevices which offer basic memory for sequential logic operations.

Flip-flops are heavily used for digital data storage andtransfer and are commonly used in banks called "registers" for the storage of binary numerical data.

Flip-Flop Flip-flop are basic storage/memory elements. Flip-flop are essentially 1-bit storage devices. Types of flip-flops are: 1. SR Flip-flop 2. JK Flip-flop 3. D Flip-flop 4. T Flip-flop Application of flip-flop: 1. Counter 4. Logic controller 2. Register 5. Frequency Divider 3. Memory

SR Flip-Flop4 Identify various types of flip-flops. 5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip flop using logic gates. 6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip flop.

SR Flip-Flop

S

Q

R

Q'

The simplest binary storage device. SR Flip-flop have 2 inputs (SET & RESET) and 2outputs (Q & Q).NOTE: Q & Q are compliments of each other

The SR flip flop is sometimes referred to as an SRlatch. The Term latch refers to its use as a temporary memory storage device.

SR Flip-Flop Symbol:

SR Flip-flop (Active HIGH)

SR Flip-flop (Active HIGH)

NOR gate

Symbol

SR Flip-Flop Symbol:

SR Flip-flop (Active LOW)

SR Flip-flop (Active LOW)

NAND gate

Symbol

SR Flip-Flop Truth Table:S 0 1 0 1 R 0 0 1 1 Q NC 1 0 0 Q' NC 0 1 0 No change. Latch remained in present state. Latch SET. Latch RESET. Invalid condition.S RSR Flip-flop

Q Q'

(Active HIGH)

S' 1 0 1 0

R' 1 1 0 0

Q NC 1 0 1

Q' NC 0 1 1 No change. Latch remained in present state. Latch SET. Latch RESET. Invalid condition.S RSR Flip-flop

Q Q'

(Active LOW)

SR Flip-Flop Timing Diagram:

IQ Test!What is the mode of operation of the SR flip-flop (set, reset or hold)? What is the output at Q from the SR flip-flop (active LOW inputs)?L H

High ?Mode of operation = Set ?

H H

? HighMode of operation = Hold ?

H L

? LowMode of operation = ? Reset

SR Flip-Flop4 Identify various types of flip-flops. 5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip flop using logic gates. 6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip flop.

Clock

Clock Flip-flops: synchronous bistable devices Output changes state at a specified point on atriggering input called the clock.

Change state either at the positive edge (rising edge) orat the negative edge (falling edge) of the clock signal.Clock signalPositive edges Negative edges

SR Flip-Flop The Clocked SR Flip Flop like SR flip-flop but withextra third input of a standard clock pulse.

Clock

The output of Q and NOT Q will not change(despite making changes to the inputs Set & Reset) in a Clocked RS Flip-flop Until receiving a signal from the clock.

Clock SR Flip-Flop Symbol:

Clock SR Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)

Clock SR Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)

Combination gate

Symbol

S CLK Pulse transition detector R CLK' CLK CLK* CLK CLK'

Q

Q'

CLK*

CLKCLK' CLK*

CLKCLK' CLK*

Positive-going transition

Negative-going transition

(rising edge)

(falling edge)

Clock SR Flip-Flop Truth Table: S-R flip-flop: on the triggering edge of the clock pulse, S=HIGH and R=LOW is a SET state R=HIGH (and S=LOW) is a RESET state If both SR inputs LOW a NO change

If both SR inputs HIGH a INVALIDTruth table of positive edge-triggered S-R flip-flop:S 0 0 1 1 R 0 1 0 1 CLK X Q(t+1) Q(t) 0 1 ? Comments No change Reset Set InvalidX = irrelevant (dont care) = clock transition LOW to HIGH

Clock SR Flip-Flop Timing Diagram:

How if we add clock as input?Please draw the output waveform for me (Positive edge triggered)

D Flip-Flop4 Identify various types of flip-flops. 5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip flop using logic gates. 6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip flop.

D Flip-Flop Truth Table: D CLK

D C

Q

Q'

D flip-flop: single input D (data) D=HIGH a SET state D=LOW a RESET state Q follows D at the clock edge. D flip-flop formed by add NOT gate between SR input.S C QD 1 0 CLK Q(t+1) 1 0 Comments Set Reset

R

Q'

= clock transition LOW to HIGH

D Flip-Flop Symbol:D CLK Q'

Q

D Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)

D Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)

Combination gate

Symbol

D Flip-Flop Timing Diagram:

CLK

CLK

JK Flip-Flop4 Identify various types of flip-flops. 5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip flop using logic gates. 6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip flop.

JK Flip-Flopsteering NAND gates.

J C K

QQ'

J-K flip-flop: Q and Q' are feedback to the pulse No invalid state. Include a toggle state. J=HIGH (and K=LOW) a SET state K=HIGH (and J=LOW) a RESET state

If both inputs LOW a NO change If both inputs HIGH a Toggle

JK Flip-Flop Symbol:J Q CLK Q' K

JK Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)

JK Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)

Combination gate

Symbol

JK Flip-Flop Truth Table:J 0 0 1 1 K 0 1 0 1 CLK Q(t+1) Q(t) 0 1 Q(t)' Comments No change Reset Set Toggle

Q 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

J K 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Q(t+1) 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0

Q(t+1) = J.Q' + K'.Q

JK Flip-Flop Timing Diagram:Similar to S-R flip-flop but toggles when J = K = 1

T Flip-Flop4 Identify various types of flip-flops. 5 Build SR, JK, T and D flip flop using logic gates. 6 Draw the symbol and truth table of SR, JK, T and D flip flop.

T Flip-Flop Truth Table:

TCLK

J C K

Q Q'

T flip-flop: single-input version of the J-K flipflop, formed by tying both inputs together.T CLK Q'

Q TQ

Q(t+1) 0 1 1 0

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

T 0 1

CLK

Q(t+1) Q(t) Q(t)'

Comments No change Toggle

Q(t+1) = T.Q' + T'.Q

T Flip-Flop Symbol:T CLK Q'

Q

T Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)

T Flip-flop (+ve EDGE)

Combination gate

Symbol

Application: Frequency DivisionHigh J CLK C K CLK CLK Q CLK High J C K QA High J C K QB

T Flip-Flop

Q

QAQB

Divide clock frequency by 2.

Divide clock frequency by 4.