English Reformation and the Counter Reformation

Pages 397-401

The English Reformation Henry VIII – DAD of the Anglican Church

Divorce: Henry wants one; Pope says NO!

Anglican Church: Henry is the boss; no pope!

Did away with the Catholic church’s wealth & power in England

•Born in 1491•Ruled England 1509-1547•Six wives

Henry VIII

Katharine of AragonWife #1Gave Henry first child, a daughter Mary

Anne Boelyn Wife #2 Executed on false charges of witchcraft & adultery; Her daughter Elizabeth would become England’s greatest queen

Jane Seymour; Wife # 3; Gave Henry a son, Edward; she died 12 days later

Anne of Cleves; Wife #4; Marriage annulled

Catherine HowardWife #5; After 17 months of marriage was arrested for adultery; Beheaded at the age of 20

Katharine ParrWife #6Loving stepmother to Elizabeth & Edward ; Remarried very quickly after Henry’s death

Henry VIII’s Three Heirs • King Edward VI- Ruled 1547-1553 when

he died at the age of 15 (Protestant)• Queen Mary I- Ruled 1553-1558; Known

as Bloody Mary for the execution of 300 Protestants in her efforts to restore England to Catholicism

• Queen Elizabeth I- Ruled 1558-1603; The greatest queen in the history of England

Important English Reformation Events

• Henry’s Church just like Catholic but no Pope; Catholics & Protestants both mad and want to be distinctly unlike the other religious group

• What would be a smart solution?• Elizabeth I – Combined Catholic styles with

Protestant teachings• Elizabeth I makes Anglican Church the official

church of all of Great Britain

COUNTER REFORMATION

Catholic Church Reformed Its

Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits

Inquisition

No more Indulgences

Stop spread of Protestants

3 Chief Pillars of the Catholic Reformation

• The Jesuits• Reform of the Papacy• Council of Trent

• Society of Jesus• Founded by Ignatius of Loyola• Took a special vow of obedience to the

pope• Used education to spread their message• Sent missionaries out to restore

Catholicism

Jesuits

• It took the jolt of the Protestant Reformation to bring serious reform.

• Pope Paul III appointed a reform commission in 1537

• The commission blamed the Church’s problems on the corrupt policies of the popes.

Reform of the Papacy

Council of Trent• Began by Pope Paul III• Met in March 1545, in the city of Trent on the

border between Germany & Italy • Met on and off for 18 years• Upheld Catholic views of 7 sacraments, celibacy,

and the Eucharist. • Selling of indulgences was forbidden• Belief in purgatory & in the use of indulgences was

strengthened. • Roman Catholic Church unified under the

leadership of the Pope