The Reformation, England and The Counter Reformation

Why the Reformation began

• Corruption in the Catholic Church • Many had been executed or

excommunicated for speaking against the Church

Martin Luther and the 95 Theses• Martin Luther was a monk, 1483-

1546 o felt indulgences were wrong

• Luther wrote the 95 Thesis (95 arguments) against church pratices 

• The 95 thesis said: o The church should be based on the Bibleo Priests are not needed to interpret the Bibleo Salvation was for all that believed in God (having faith)/faith

and good works were your way into heaven, no These were not radical ideas but they were widely circulated

and a break from the catholic church was a radical idea

Europe’s Response

• The 95 thesis was copied• Luther was

excommunicated• told him to take back what

he had said-RECANT• Lutheranism

Who supported Luther and why?

• Many German princes supported Luthero Most b/c of faith; many out of selfishnesso Some German princes didn’t like the power the

church hado However, some Germ princes were still

Catholic

War insued between German Princes. supports of Luther were called protestantsthe 30 years war

Peace of Ausgburg end's the 30 years warPeace of Ausgburg said that each prince could choose the religion of their kingdom 

After Luther

• War spread  to other countries• millions on both sides were murdered

What did people believe?

• Only members of thier faith went to heaven.• Each tried to convert others in order to

save their souls from Hell.• Hell was a place of everlasting tourture...

Source A

Source B

Source C

Who has been sent to Hell in this Source?

Why were there mass murders of both Catholics & Protestants? save peoples’ souls by getting them to change religion through torture.

However

Both were prepared to die for their beliefs

France Huguenots vs. CatholicsEditc of Nantes allowed Huguenots to worship freely in FranceSt. Bartholomew massacre

England’s Reformation

 

The Story of Henry VIII

• Henry was the (unexpected) King of England from 1509-1547

• Born and raised Catholic• married his brother’s widow: Catherine of

Aragron

Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragonthey were married over 20 years Catherine had 1 surviving daugther Mary I

Anne Boleyn (2nd wife)

Became pregnant while Henry was married to Cathrine

• Henry wanted an annulment• The pope said no•  Henry splits from the Catholic church and

create the Church of England, which he was the head

• gave himself an annulment and married Boleyn

The Act of Supremacyrefusal to accept Henry as head of the Church = execution

 

• Thomas More 1478-1535 did not attend the coronation of the new queen and he was

 executed • Last words. “first the lord then the king”

Boleyn

• Boleyn produced no sons, but a daughter: Elizabeth I

• He had this marriage annulled and accused of adultery: she was beheaded

• Henry married Jane Seymour: they had a son (Edward VI) but she died 3 days after birth

Jane Seymour (3rd Wife)

And the list goes on

Anne of Cleves (divorced),Catherine of Howard (beheaded)Catherine Parr (survives) 

Anne of Cleves (4th wife)

Kathryn Howard (5th wife)

Katherine Parr (6th wife)

Mary I – bloody Mary

Mary tried to make England Catholic • She died at an early age had no children

Mary I

Mary I

Edward VI

• King of England from 1547-1553

Edward VI

Elizabeth I

• Daughter of Anne Boleyn, queen from 1558-1603

• One of the greatest queens in English history, never married

Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I

The Counter Reformation

the catholic church reforms• The Jesuits, founded by Ignatius of

Loyola, started schools and prohibit corruption in the Church

Other Protestant Faiths

• Calvinism-founded by John Calvin• Major difference between Calvin and Luther

are ideas on Predestination  

Anabaptist

• Labeled Radicals by other protestants o Adult baptismo Early Christian beliefso All Christians are ministerso Complete separation of Church and Stateo No political office or bear armso Mennonites-Amish