The Counter-Reformation & The English Reformation

Essential Questions: 1) How did the RCC respond to

the Protestant Reformation? 2) How do England’s leaders play

a role in their nation’s religion?

Counter Reformation

Aka the Catholic Reformation

2 goals:

1) strengthen the RCC

2) prevent Catholics from converting to Protestantism

Council of Trent

Pope Paul III calls this council in 1545Guiding reform

Meets over the course of 20yrs.Works to end abuses of the churchReaffirms traditional beliefs

Sets up schoolsClergy are well educated

Loyola & the Jesuits

Ignatius Loyola founds the religious order called the Jesuits

Moral & spiritual disciplineObedience to Catholic authorityDefenders of the faith

Jesuit missionaries spread Catholicism to Asia, Africa, and the Americas

English Reformation: Political Background Info

from feudalism to centralized power (ex. monarchy)

1215CE: King John signs the Magna CartaMagna Carta = charter that limits the king’s power

Ex. The Monarch cannot raise taxes without consulting his Great Council first

In 13th Century, the Great Council becomes Parliament, a representative assembly

Henry VIII (1491-1547)

King of Englandmarries Catherine of Aragon, 1509as of 1509, England is still Catholicdaughter, Mary, is born

No male heirHenry wants an annulment (divorce granted by the church), but the pope refuses his request

Anglican Church

Henry VIII breaks from the RCCConsults Parliament and passes laws that give him control of England’s churchCreates the Church of England

By his death, Henry has been married 6 times

One male heir, Edward, but he is sickly

Mary Tudor’s Rule

Henry’s 1st born daughter becomes queen after King Edward diesMary declares England Catholic

Kills Protestants (“Bloody” Mary)Dies in 1558Next in line = Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I

Reigns from 1558-1603Establishes England as ProtestantEnglish Renaissance thrives under her rule

a fan of Shakespeare, supports him $$$