THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION AND THE

CATHOLIC COUNTER REFORMATION

1517 - 1555

The Wealth of the Roman Catholic Church was obtained in many ways:

Indulgences

Selling of Relics

Pilgrimages Tithing

Gifts

The Great Schism - (Western Schism or Papal Schism) Split in the Roman Catholic

Church resulting in two sitting Popes at the Same time.

One in Rome, Italy and one in Avignon, France.

What is the result of this split?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Western_schism_1378-1417.svg

Objective To understand the causes of the split in

Western Christianity To understand the underlying

differences between Catholicism and Protestantism

To understand the results and relevance of the Protestant Reformation in Western society

The Catholic Church Headed by the Pope in Rome, The Seven Sacraments All clergy take vows of celibacy (stay

unmarried)

John Wycliffe 1320-1384

Englishman Critiques of organized church

No scriptural basis for papal claims of earthly power

Bible should be a Christian’s sole authority

Ask what happened to him after he died!

Jan Hus 1373-1415 Religious thinker,

philosopher, reformer

Demanded reform of the Church

Followers became known as Hussites

Erasmus 1466-1536 Dutch humanist Traveled widely – England,

Paris, Italy First to truly utilize power of

press Criticized corruption in the

Church Promoted Christians

reading the Bible directly Did not advocate

separation from the Church

Martin Luther (1483-1546) Born in 1483 in Eisleben,

Germany, Joined the Order of Saint

Augustine in 1505 and became a monk

Moved to Wittenberg in 1511

Martin Luther

Salvation comes from God’s gift of free grace.

Do Now:

1)What are indulgences? 2)What do you believe was the main

cause of the Reformation? 3)When did the reformation begin? 4)Do you think people were ‘tired’ of

the Roman Catholic Churches control or its lack of change?

The Catholic Church in 1500 The Catholic Church was the most

powerful institution in EuropeMass performed in LatinIn charge of education and held

the monopoly on informationHeld a great deal of propertyCorruption in the Church

Germany in 1500 Not one nation,

a patchwork of independent states of the Holy Roman Empire

Ruled by figurehead Emperor

Charles V

Charles V 1519 - 1556 HRE King of Spain Most powerful Monarch in

Europe Who were his grand

parents? Who is his aunt?

Luther’s Problems with the Catholic Church Luther had two major problems with the

Catholic church:IndulgencesJustification

Other problems communion, services in Latin, celibacy among the clergyRole of Scripture

Luther’s Showdown with the Catholic Church Luther’s writings in 1520 gain the

attention of the religious and political authorities

On June 15, 1520 Pope Leo X issued a Papal Bull

Luther declared a heretic

The Protestant Reformation Spreads Luther’s ideas inspire Peasants’ Revolt

in Germany in 1525CausesMain IssuesResponse

The Protestant Reformation Spreads Reformers begin to rise in other

countries

Ulrich Zwingli

John Calvin

Ulrich Zwingli A Swiss reformer Anti-Baptist

John Calvin

Geneva 1536 – Calvin is driven from Geneva 1541 – Calvin is asked to return to

Geneva and set up his religion Consistory – the body to make sure the

word of god was preached correctly of Calvinist Geneva, 6 pastors and twelve elders.

The Consistory The consistory encouraged people to

report any kinds of misbehaving, such as adultery, fighting, dancing, and card playing, gambling, and laughing in church.

You had to go to church!

Calvinism Doctrine of Predestination God has chosen some individuals to be

saved, not everyone is going to be saved.

Not everyone is going to heaven. God knows who is saved and who is

not.

Predestination There is nothing that one can to change

fate. None of the chosen have done anything

to be chosen, they just were the lucky god chose for the sake of his son, Jesus.

Predestination If you are saved act any way you want? Those who are saved would not act

un-virtuous since god was in their heart. Plus those who are saved act even

more virtuous searching for clues to their salvation.

The Puritans who went to Plymouth were Calvinists.

The Protestant Reformation Spreads Political consequences of the

Reformation:European rulers convert to

Protestantism Wars of Religion

Catholics vs. Protestants Peace of Augsburg - 1555

Lutheranism and Catholicism allowed in the HRE

Princes can choose the faith of their territory

Abdication of Charles V/I 1555 he abdicates his title of King of

Spain and the HRE Spain is given to his son Philip HRE given to his brother Ferdinand Both lands still run by the Hapsburg

family, but not one united Kingdom Who got the better deal?

The English Reformation Wars of the Roses

1455 to 1485 Civil War House of Tutor Henry VII 2 Sons

ArthurHenry2 Daughters

Henry VIII1509 - 1547 Born 1491 What do you

know about him?

Henry VIII Not always out of

shape In his 20 very fit and

known for his strength

Reaction to the Reformation Defender of the Faith Attacked Luther in

writing Sir Thomas More Devout Catholic

Wives of Henry Why is he

famous for his wives?

6 Wives Divorced 2 Beheaded 2 1 dies 1 out lived him

Catherine of Aragon Born 1486 Daughter of

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

Aunt of Charles V/I King of Spain and the HRE

Marriage to Catherine Why was it in the Popes best interest for

Henry to marry Catherine? What is the issue with her marriage to

Arthur? Is it wrong to marry your brothers

widow?

Catherine of Aragon Married for 24 years 1 Child a daughter

named Mary What is the problem

in this “happy” marriage?

Papal DispensationDenied?

Anne Boleyn Born 1507 Married Henry 1533 Anne of 1000 Days Daughter Elisabeth What must Henry do

in order to marry Anne?

Anglicanism The Church of England “Catholic Light” – Robin Williams Very similar to Catholicism except no

Pope The Monarch is the Head of the Church The Arch-Bishop of Canterbury is the

Clergy running the Church Protestant Denomination

Fall of Anne Accused of

Adultery Treason? Who would gain

from Anne’s fall?

Tower of London

Execution of Anne

Jane Seymour Born 1508 Married Henry 1536 Son Edward Dies of complications

from Child Birth

The Three Remaining Wives

Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr

Henry VIII Dies in 1547 Who is the next ruler of England? Why not Mary? What about the Catholic Protestant

issues?

Edward VI Born 1537 Reign 1547 – 1553 King at the age of 9 Dies at the age of 15 Who will be the next

monarch of England?

Issues Why did the nobles of England support

Henry's conversion to Protestantism? $$$$$ Wealth $$$$$

Legitimacy?

Usurp the Crown!

Jane Grey Grand Niece of

Henry VIII Protestant “Queen of the Nine

Days” Legitimacy!

Jane Grey’s Execution

Queen Mary Born 1516 Reign 1553 – 1558 Protestant or Catholic?

Issue for England Wife of Philip II Who are his grand

mother and her mother?

Queen Elisabeth I Born 1533 Reign 1558 -1603 Catholic or

Protestant? Golden Age For

England

The Protestant Reformation

1. What effects did the Protestant Reformation have on the political, economic and social influence of the RCC?

2. What effects did the Protestant Reformation have on the political, economic and social structure of WE at the time?

3. What options did the RCC have to ‘deal’ with the widespread heresy?

4. What are the specific issues the Protestant Reformation leaders had that were ‘fixed’ by the Council of Trent?

5. Did the Council create a system that would work for all Christians? Why or Why not?

6. Who were the Jesuits, who sanctioned them and what were their goals?

Effects of the Protestant Reformation

The Catholic Counter-Reformation The Council of

Trent between 1545 and 1563 to make reforms

The Council of Trent reaffirmed Catholic doctrines

The Society of Jesus or Jesuits

GOALS:

EFFECTs: