APF Issue 41

REPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRYREPORTING TO THE ASIA PACIFIC FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE SERVICE INDUSTRY

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINEASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE

An MDM PUBLICATIONIssue 41 – March 2012

www.mdmpublishing.com



TASK FORCE TIPS, INC.

3701 Innovation Way, Valparaiso, IN 46383-9327 USAInternational +1.219.548.4000 •www.tft.com • [email protected]

NFPA 1964Compliant

FMAPPROVED

110, 230, 360 & 470 l/min Selectable Nozzle

Fixed or Spinning Teeth

QuadraFog

• Selectable Liters• Flush Without Shutting Down• Quick Change Rear Valve Seat• Stainless Steel Shut-off Ball• Color Pistol Grip and Valve Covers

BLITZFIREPortable Monitor

CROSSFIREPortable Monitor

MonsoonWater Cannon

2000 l/min 4800 l/min

7600 l/min

46383-9327 USAww.tft.com • [email protected]

110, 230, 360 &Selectable N

Fixed or Spinni

• Selectable Liters• Flush Without Shutting• Quick Change Rear Va• Stainless Steel Shut-of• Color Pistol Grip and V

110, 230, 360 & 470 l/min38 mm Coupling

QuadraCupSelectable Foam Nozzle

The TFT QuadraCup is a rugged and dependable selectable gallonage nozzle with a retractable foam aspiration sleeve. When the outer sleeve is in the retracted position, the nozzle operates the same as the TFT QuadraFog. Flow can be set to any one of four settings, or to a flush mode. The front end can be rotated from straight stream through wide fog patterns. Uniquely cut fixed metal fog teeth produce a wide range of fog patterns. Available in either tip-only configuration or with a stainless ball shutoff, the QuadraCup is also available with optional colored pistol grip and handle covers (NFPA 1901 (A.16.9.1).

AUSTRALIAGaam Emergency Products-AUPhone : +61 3 9464 8400Fax : +61 3 9464 [email protected]

HONG KONGRotter International Ltd.Phone: 85227517770Fax: [email protected]

INDIAForemost Technico Pvt LtdPhone: +91 (11) 2619 6982Fax: +91 (11) 2616 [email protected]

INDONESIAPT Palmas EntracoPhone: +62 (21) 384 1681Fax: +62 (21) 380 [email protected]

JAPANYone CorporationPhone: 81758211185Fax: [email protected]

MALAYSIASentrix Technology Sdn BhdPhone: +603 8023-5228Fax: +603 [email protected]

NEW ZEALANDWORMALD (Tyco Safety Products)Phone: +64 9 826 1716Fax: +64 9 826 [email protected]

PHILIPPINESAlliance Industrial SalesPhone: 6327561749Fax: [email protected]

SINGAPORES. K. Rosenbauer PTE. LTD Phone: 6568623155 Fax: [email protected]

SOUTH KOREAShilla Fire Co., Ltd.Phone: 820236659011Fax: [email protected]

THAILANDAnti-Fire Co., Ltd.Phone: 66 2 260-45659Fax: 66 2 [email protected]

www.tft.comFor Excellent Quality Fire Fighting Equipment Visit www.tft.com And Call Your Local Trained TFT Distributor For A Demonstration.

VIETNAMTan Duc Joint Stock CompanyPhone: 84-88990 678Fax: 84-88990 [email protected]

TAIWANTask Force TipsPhone: 1-219-548-4000 Fax: 1-219-464-0620 [email protected]

BRUNEIS. K. Rosenbauer PTE. LTD Phone: 6568623155 Fax: [email protected]

MYANMARTask Force TipsPhone: 1-219-548-4000 Fax: 1-219-464-0620 [email protected]

PAPUA NEW GUINEATask Force TipsPhone: 1-219-548-4000 Fax: 1-219-464-0620 [email protected]

CHINATask Force TipsPhone: 1-219-548-4000 Fax: 1-219-464-0620 [email protected]

BLITZFIRE CROSSFIRE

2000 l/min (500 GPM)Personal Portable Monitor

4500 l/min (1250 GPM)Ground Portable Monitor

TASK FORCE TIPS, INC.

3701 Innovation Way, Valparaiso, IN 46383-9327 USAInternational +1.219.548.4000 •www.tft.com • [email protected]

®

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ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 3

New TFT G-Force Nozzle with LowExpansion Foam Attachment ApplyingAFFF Foam. Photo courtesy of TaskForce Tips, Inc. www.tft.com

PublishersMark Seton & David Staddon

Group EditorGraham [email protected]

Editorial ContributorsGraham Collins, Olga Caledonia,Simon Whittall, Jan-Hugo Nilssen, PaulGibson, Pat West, Michael C. Ruthy,Jan Suedmersen, Bob Grieve, ScottStarr, Louise Jackman, KevinAnnablen, Ray Shirkhodai, PeterMurphy, Lee Coates, Frank Dolmans

APF is published quarterly by:MDM Publishing Ltd The Abbey Manor Business Centre,The Abbey, Preston Road, Yeovil,Somerset BA20 2EN, United KingdomTel: +44 (0) 1935 426 428Fax: +44 (0) 1935 426 926 Email: [email protected]: www.mdmpublishing.com

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ISSN – 1476-1386

DISCLAIMER:The views and opinions expressed in ASIA PACIFIC FIRE MAGAZINE are notnecessarily those of MDM Publishing Ltd.The magazine and publishers are in noway responsible or legally liable for anyerrors or anomalies made within theeditorial by our authors. All articles are protected by copyright and writtenpermission must be sought from thepublishers for reprinting or any form ofduplication of any of the magazinescontent. Any queries should be addressedin writing to the publishers.

Reprints of articles are available on request.Prices on application to the Publishers.

Page design by DorchesterTypesetting Group LtdPrinted in the UK







March 2012Issue 41

83-85

05 From the Editor

07 NFPA Foreword

09-15 News &Profiles

17-21 ASD: Relative or Fixed Sensitivity?

23-26 ThermalImaging Cameras Round-up

29-30 New WaterEnhancer Hots-up theAgent Debate

33-34 Safely Does It

37-38 FirefighterProtection – Striking theRight Balance

41-44 Get ExtricationTraining Up to Speedwith New VehicleTechnology

46-47 ReachingGreater Heights

51-55 USAR: BePrepared

57-61 Mining VehicleFires

63-66 What’s“Critical” When it Comesto Asset Protection?

69-71 Watermist FireSuppression Systems –for Commercial Low-hazard Occupancies

73-77 FuellingDisaster Risk Reduction& Increasing Resiliency

78-81 Cleaning upthe Past

83-85 Steel Appealin Fire Safety

86-87 All shook up …virtual training forearthquake disaster

88-95 Distributor &Representative OfficeListing

96 Advertisers’ Index

51-55

41-44

33-34

23-26

17-21

73-77

63-66

Contents

Follow Asia Pacific Fire on

20137 Milano - Via Ennio, 25 - ItalyTel.: + 39 02 5410 0818 - Fax + 39 02 5410 0764E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.controllogic.it CONTROL LOGIC s.r.l.

20137 Milano - Via Ennio, 25 - ItalyTel.: + 39 02 5410 0818 - Fax + 39 02 5410 0764E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.controllogic.it CONTROL LOGIC s.r.l.

CONTROL LOGICSparkdetector

designed fordust collectionsystemsto protectstorage silosfrom the riskof fi re.

Sparks fl yat high speed.

They travel at a hundred kilometresper hour along the ducts of the dustcollection system and reach the silo

in less than three seconds

The CONTROL LOGICSPARK DETECTOR

is faster thanthe sparks themselves.

It detects them with its highlysensitive infrared sensor,

intercepts and extinguishesthem in a fl ash.

It needs no periodic inspection.

The CONTROL LOGIC system is designed for “total supervision”.

It verifi es that sparks have been extinguished, gives prompt warning of

any malfunction and, if needed, cuts off the duct and stops the fan.

BETTER TO KNOW IT BEFOREEye is faster than nose.

In the event of live fi re the IR FLAME DETECTOR

responds immediately

CONTROL LOGICIR FLAME DETECTOR

the fastest and most effective fi re alarm devicefor industrial applications IR FLAME DETECTOR

RIV-601/FAEXPLOSIONPROOFENCLOSURE

For industrial applications indoorsor outdoors where is a risk of explosionand where the explosionproof protection is required.One detector can monitor a vast areaand responds immediately to the fi re, yet of small size.

IR FLAME DETECTORRIV-601/F

WATERTIGHTIP 65 ENCLOSURE

For industrial applications indoorsor outdoors where fi re can spread out rapidly due to the presence of

highly infl ammable materials,and where vast premises need an optical

detector with a great sensitivityand large fi eld of view.

Also forRS485 two-wire serial line

25SF-c275x185gb.indd 1 24-06-2005 12:50:37

FROM THE EDITOR

Significantly, one factor was common to bothevents and to similar natural disasters aroundthe world – we had no idea that they were

going to happen. Well that is, of course, notstrictly accurate; it is more precise to say that wedid not know when they would happen and withwhat severity. The knowledge that scientists nowhave about the geology of both regions, coupledwith similar recorder past events in the same ornearby locations meant that they were both likelyto be happen at some time.

In many respects that is the lasting challenge ofthese events and it is human nature to hope thatsuch occurrences will not happen in our lifetime.But they do, and there is every reason to supposethat the incidence of their happening is likely toincrease. As the world’s coastlines become evermore populated, scientists are discovering thattsunamis are more common than was oncethought and the coastline throughout the AsiaPacific region and along every Pacific coastline is amass of what are being called “tsunami triggers”.

How, if at all, we prepare for the inevitable is a challenge of monumental proportions. Japan is possibly the best prepared nation on earth when it comes to earthquakes and tsunamis, but the 5.5-metre high sea wall at Minamisanrikumight just as well not have been built for theprotection it offered. The little town simply nolonger exists.

Most at risk are countries where the mass ofthe population live in coastal regions and wherethe coastal region land is relatively flat. The mostvulnerable are children, the elderly and the infirm;those unable to make it to high ground in the veryshort space of time between receiving a tsunami

alert and the unimaginably high wall of waterhitting the shoreline. Even after they have crossedan ocean, Tsunamis remain extremely dangerous,moving at the speed of a jetliner, but those likelyto strike in our region are not likely to be triggeredby seismic events thousands of miles offshore.Unfortunately, our tsunami triggers are far morecoast hugging.

The inevitable question at the back ofeveryone’s mind must be: “What is being doneabout it?” If a politician’s recent comment whenreferring to flooding preparedness was to say:“Let’s hope Mother Nature will be kinder to us thisyear” is anything to go by, the answer is probablyvery little. Like the rest of us, those with control ofthe public purse strings are probably hoping that itwill not happen in their lifetime.

There has to be some sympathy for thatseemingly ostrich-like approach to the problembecause the cost implications of taking meaningfulsteps are simply of mind-boggling proportions.The reality is that nobody seeking political office is about to ask the voters to dig so deep into their pockets that they will be virtually mining fortheir remaining small change. The cost wouldundoubtedly make the expenditure on flood reliefpreparations look like raiding the petty cash.

But something surely has to start somewhere,even if it is only public education, devisingevacuation plans and imposing earthquake andtsunami-aware planning restrictions on newbuildings and coastal developments. If not, oneday, our children or our children’s children will askthe question: “Why didn’t they do somethingwhen they knew this was going to happen someday?” APF

By Graham Collins

Why Didn’t WeDo Something?As this edition of Asia Pacific Fire goes to press we are all no doubt reminded ofthe catastrophic events that occurred around this time last year in Christchurch,New Zealand and in northeast Japan. While devastating in the extreme for thosedirectly affected, the courage, dedication and professionalism of those involvedin the rescue operations ranks alongside the very best.


ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 5

PAB Helmets

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 7

The event combines an unrivalled educationalconference and an exhibition with more than300 participating companies. You will want

to take advantage of the convenient networkingopportunities and gain up-to-date knowledge onthe codes and standards many of which are usedas worldwide practice or adopted by manygovernments around the world.

The Conference includes an impressive list ofinternationally recognised industry experts andnew sessions focusing on changes to the 2012-edition codes. The education sessions are avaluable resource for new information that youcannot get anywhere else. With over 130 educa-tion sessions that will include many case studies,code updates, and results from various researchprojects. Topic areas are covered in 12 targetedtracks that include: Building & Life Safety; Codes &Standards; Detection & Notification; Electrical;Emergency Preparedness/Business Continuity; Fire& Emergency Services; Fire Protection Engineering;Fire Suppression; Green; Loss Control/Prevention;Public Education and Research.

In 2011 the event attracted more than 4,000professionals from the US and approximately 77countries, including an important number ofdelegations from Asia Pacific. We are alreadyprocessing visa invitation letters for many of ourconstituents from China, Korea, Taiwan andThailand! This is a unique opportunity for NFPA togather the many volunteers and supporters ofNFPA codes and standards in one place. The net-working opportunities are endless and as Directorof International Programs I would like to extend aspecial invitation to the Asia Pacific Fire readership.Every quarter we have the opportunity to visit withyou through this impressive industry journal.During my travels I look forward to meet many ofyou in person and maybe greet a few of you in LasVegas.

The three-day expo will showcase many of thelatest technologies and services from more than300 of the top solution providers. Knowledgeable

representatives from these companies, many ofthem global corporations, will be available toanswer your questions and offer solutions to yourmost pressing challenges. The exposition providesattendees the ideal location to see, touch, and tryproducts, and to meet with a company’s technicalstaff. As always, the expo is free when you registerin advance. Please mark your calendars as thedeadline for free registration is June 1st.

I would also like to highlight the value of theone, two or three-day individual seminars. Thisyear we will be offering 20 comprehensive pre- and post-conference seminars. Some of thesewill be available only in Las Vegas. Besides thecharacteristic code seminars, a few of our popularofferings among our international constituentsinclude:● Behind the Scenes Tour: Fire Protection at

Mandalay Bay.● Special Suppression Systems.● Disaster/Emergency Management and Business

Continuity Programs (NFPA 1600).● Public Assembly (NFPA 1).● What Fire Safety Professionals Should Know,

and Do, About Stairway Usability and Safety.Between the conference and its 12 distinctive

tracks, the new code certificate programs and theone, two or three-day individual programs, ouraudience can personalise their education andexchange with other professionals the latest inAsia Pacific, information that is critical to our mis-sion and to professionals who care about doingthings correctly.

I would also like to encourage everyone tobecome more active in the Conference and Expoblog and social media outlets. We want to hearfrom you! It is essential for our international con-stituents to become active in these mediums. Youcan visit our blog site at nfpa.typepad.com/conference. You can also follow us on Twitter atNFPAConf and like us on Facebook. You canalways go to www.nfpa.org/conference for up todate information. APF

NFPAConference andExpo Returns toLas VegasTime to plan your trip to the annual NFPA Conference & Expo – the year’s mostimportant internationally-recognised, comprehensive event for the fire, lifesafety, and electrical industries – where you can join NFPA experts and industryprofessionals from around the world. And this year it is back in fabulous LasVegas between 11th and 14th June.

NFPA FOREWORD

For further information, go towww.nfpa.com

Olga Caledonia is NFPAExecutive Director,International Programs

Olga Caledonia

NFPA

Integrated Solutions

www.rosenbauer.com

Rosenbauer serves military Airport Fire Services with innovative and professionally designed quality PANTHER ARFF vehicles.Chassis, superstructure, extinguishing systems and the vertical pilot rescue lift are fully integrated, designed and manufactured within the Rosenbauer Group.

PANTHER 4x4 with pilot rescue platform

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 9

NEWS

AVON PROTECTION has introduced thelatest version of its Viking Z Seven SCBA(self-contained breathing apparatus) withthe aim of equipping firefighting teamswith advanced respiratory protection andcommunications technology.

The upgraded apparatus has undergonefundamental revisions to its functionalityand electronics system. A revised cylinderconnection assembly offers a largercylinder hand wheel for ease of use withgloved hands, together with a luminescentpressure gauge and cylinder band forenhanced visibility in darkened or smokefilled environments.

The Viking Z Seven control consoleprovides an easy-to-use advancedcommunications system with large pushbutton design for use with gloved hands,and a voice amplification system speakerwith ten voice threshold settings thatreduce breathing noise. The entireelectronics uses one source of powerthrough its C4 power pack with an easierto check back frame location, supportedby free battery supply for ten years PASS

(Personal Alert Safety System), and allother NFPA required features, includingheads-up display and complete CBRNprotection.

The apparatus offers integratedcommunications, with voice amplificationas a standard feature, and Air Switchtechnology incorporated into the facemaskto enable immediate switch from ambientto cylinder air when required. Anultrasonic beacon can assists in downedteam member location while a trackingdevice can be mounted to a thermalimager for combination ultrasonic trackingand thermal viewing.

In addition, an integrated airmanagement teletry system relays vitalSCBA information to enable commandcentres to monitor cylinder pressure, realtime temperatures, PASS status and SCBAbattery status. A one-button operation canrecall either one or the entire firefightingteam in an instant.

For more information, go to www.avon-protection.com

New Aerial FirefightingPlatform for Thailand

CTE SpA has delivered a B-Fire 360 aerial firefighting platform with aworking height of 36 metres and a 450kg basket capacity to the LampangCity Municipality, the capital city of Lampang Province some 640km north ofBangkok, Thailand

The B-Fire platform is available with or without the side ladder and comeswith a wide range of options. It has a telescopic jib and the basket allowsaccess for four firefighters with full equipment. The platform also includes aside staircase made of aluminium alloy, an integrated electronic system, threecommand posts and an automatic stabilisation system.

For more information, go to www.ctelift.com

Upgraded SCBA Unveiled

Sulfide GasDetector is IPapprovedDET-TRONICS has announcesthat its nanotechnologymetal oxidesemiconductorhydrogen sulfide gas(NTMOS H2S) detectorhas earned approval foruse in locations thatrequire an ingressprotection rating ofIP66/67. The rating wasachieved as a result of thedetector’s robust mechanicaldesign and indicates that thegas detector is protectedagainst dust and forceful waterduring operation. The ingressprotection filter and guardprotect the detector in toughoffshore situations and are fullyreplaceable in the field.

The new certification joins a list of other previouslyobtained approvals and certifications for the NTMOSH2S gas detector, including CE (ConformitéEuropéene or European Conformity), CSAInternational, ATEX, IECEx, FM tested and certified toISA-92.0.01. The NTMOS boasts a speed-of-responseperformance that detects H2S in six seconds (T20).

For more information, go to www.det-tronics.com

10 ASIA PACIFIC FIRE

NEWS

New LEDPortableFloodlightThe Aurora LEDportable floodlight isthe latest innovationfrom NITECH. It is saidto utilise the very latestLED and designtechnology, and addressthe market’s growinghunger for ‘greentechnology’.

What is described as“unique rechargeabletechnology” has beenincorporated into thefloodlight to enableusers to benefit fromcarbon-footprintsavings, offering anannual CO2 saving ofup to 3000kg. At thesame time, overallefficiency is claimed tobe ten times that ofconventional sitelighting. The Aurora’smaintenance-free battery enables it to operate for 10,000hours before it needs to be replaced, while the LED lightsource offers an operating life of 100,000 hours.

The Aurora produces wide-angle, daylight-equivalentlight output with shadow-free illumination to suit bothtask and general lighting applications. Offering coolrunning, it can be utilised in confined spaces and has anIP68 waterproof rating to suit the demands of exteriorenvironments. It offers multi-voltage rapid recharging from200 volt to 230 volt AC and from 100 volt to 130 volt ACwith other voltages available. These floodlights can also berecharged via a 12 volt vehicle battery. A visual andaudible warning provides effective indication of a lowbattery during operation.

They can be used as a maintained lighting system foremergency applications. When linked to the mains supplyor generated power source, they can operate continuouslywhile retaining their full power reserve. Auto switchingmodels are also available.

For more information, go to www.nitech.co.uk

Stand-Alone Solutionfor Wireless GasDetection Systems

To solve what it sees as the challenge ofkeeping gas detection systems

constantly powered whenconducting remote explorationoperations and working inhazardous and ruggedenvironments, RAE SYSTEMS has introduced SolarPak, anintrinsically safe, stand-alone 24/7remote solar powered solution forwireless gas detection systems.

SolarPak complements RAESystems’ PowerPak by delivering an

uninterrupted power supply thatenables its MeshGuard Gas DetectionSystems to monitor gas in remoteexploration sites 24/7 – particularly inareas where flammable gases orvapours present a health or safetythreat.

It is claimed to be the only solarsolution certified for Class I, division I(ATEX Zone 0) hazardous locations, andis compatible with all RAE Systems

MeshGuard wireless gas detectors andMesh Routers. SolarPak features an

integrated solar panel and charge controllerto charge the RAE PowerPak external battery,which enables continuous operation of gasdetection systems. The solution is claimed todramatically reduce labour and maintenancecosts by eliminating the need for expensivetrenching and cabling or periodic changingof batteries.

RAE Systems’ MeshGuard wireless gasdetection system is a battery operated, rapidly deployable hazardousarea monitoring system that combines advanced gas-detectiontechnology with the latest in wirelessly connected data systems. Itsrugged design delivers reliable performance in harsh and potentiallyhazardous industrial environments, such as oil refineries, oil and gasexploration, oil and gas production, and tank farms. A completeMeshGuard gas detection system can be deployed in minutes, and willoperate continuously – even in cloudy conditions – with the RAEPowerPak and SolarPak. The standard pole and wall mount adjust easilyto maximise energy production at different geographic locations.

For more information, go to www.raesystems.com

Team communication solutions provider,SONETICS, has formed a partnership withLogic Energy, a distributor of wirelesssolutions in Australia and New Zealand.Under the deal, Logic Energy will marketSonetics’ wireless headset systems for a variety of critical communicationapplications, including fire and rescue.

Sonetics’ systems support hands-free,full-duplex communications up to a

600-meter range while also monitoring upto two radio channels and providing push-to-talk radio transmission from theusers’ wireless headsets. The headsetsprovide 26dB of hearing protection and arecompletely wire-free, with no externalantennas, belt packs, or wires to snag orentangle users. A battery managementsystem delivers 24-hour continuousoperation for each charge and two-hour

full recharge, ensuring that the headset isready to operate up to a year after the lastcharge.

Sonetics’ solutions are compliant withfrequency requirements in Australia andNew Zealand, as well as most Asiancountries.

For more information, go towww.soneticscorp.com

New Wireless Team Communication

ASIA PACIFIC FIRE 11

PROFILE

Especially in areas with special detectionrequirements and difficult environmentalconditions, Titanus systems incorporate

impressive technological advantages unmatchedby any competing system. WAGNER has consistentlydemonstrated its leadership position in this areawith its comprehensive range of design optionsand a broad selection of “tailor-made” accessories.This is part of Wagner’s long history of innovationin the global smoke and fire alarm arena.

High-value/high risk locations such as thosewith high concentrations of valuable assets,irreplaceable objects, and operations requiringuninterrupted IT/data centre availability require theutmost in fire protection.

Titanus air sampling smoke detection systemsoffer significant advantages in the implementationof the appropriate concepts designed to fitindividual requirements.

Increased Reaction Time Due To HighSensitivityWagner has introduced a critical advance in firedetection technology with the High Power LightSource (HPLS). HPLS is more robust and reactsmore sensitively to smoke particles than commonlyused laser technology. It also allows Wagner airsampling smoke detection systems to operate attemperatures as low as 40°C with sensitivity levelsone thousand times higher than conventionalsmoke detectors. Titanus air sampling smokedetection systems react much faster, allowingquicker response to emergencies.

Logic·Sens Signal Processing EqualsImproved False Alarm ImmunityIntegrating years of real-world experience withextensive laboratory testing, Wagner has fine-tuned its patented Logic-Sens signal processingsoftware so that Titanus systems provide extremelysensitive early detection of real fire scenarios whilereliably ignoring false alarms – even in extremelydifficult or hostile environments. Intelligent Logic-Sens signal processing software constantlycompares air samples from the protected areaagainst known fire parameter patterns, providingthe earliest possible fire detection.

Modular System, Simplified Installationand Reduced Maintenance Equals LowerCostTitanus air sampling smoke detection systems arenoted for their cost-effective modular design, pro-viding substantial benefits to designers, integra-tors, installers, and end-users. Add-on detectormodules increase the area of protection andreduce the number of detectors needed. Titanus isdesigned to save time required for system design,installation, commissioning and maintenance. Over

the service life of the system, these benefits resultin clear cost advantages over other technologies.

Monitored Pipe SystemWagner‘s highly precise Pipe-Guard patented airflow monitoring system constantly monitors theentire pipe system for breaks and obstructions.The system is adjustable and can react to changesin air flow of as little as +/- 10%. Pipe-Guard isalso temperature-compensated to maintainconsistent airflow.

Solution for Noise-Sensitive AreasSilent technology from Wagner is particularly well-suited for applications where architecturalaesthetics or the need for very early fire detectionmust also combine with the need for quietoperation. Titanus Silent systems operate at noiselevels as low as 23 dB (A), which sets a newstandard among aspiration smoke detectionsystems. Wagner‘s Silent technology easilycomplies with national and international noiseprotection directives, for example, World HealthOrganization “Healthy Sleep”: 30 dB (A).

Reduced Installation and MaintenanceRequirementsWagner‘s “Plug & Play” feature makes it easy tocommission Titanus systems quickly and easilywithout the need for any additional equipment.All standard functions are either preconfigured oreasily adjustable, and with diagnostic tools as wellas modular construction, maintenance andcomponent service are minimised.

Individual Room IdentificationWagner‘s patented Room-Ident feature providesan inexpensive method for using one detectionunit to provide individual monitoring of up to fiverooms.

Networking – ConnectivityOptional Titanus networking cards provideinterfaces for TCP/IP and SNMP communication aswell as webserver functionality for remotediagnostics and data logging.Wagner is a MicrosoftPartner supporting the Microsoft System CentreOperations Manager (SCOM). APF

TITANUS– the Patented AdvantageThanks to their outstanding reliability, sensitivity and false alarm resistance,Titanus air sampling smoke detection systems have been the tried and provensystem of choice for many years in a wide variety of applications.

For more information, go towww.wagner.de


NEWS

The UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH inthe UK has released the nextgeneration of its evacuation and crowdsimulation software calledbuildingEXODUS, created by theuniversity’s Fire Safety EngineeringGroup. This latest release – known asVersion 5.0 – has new capabilities thatwill enable building engineers toperform the most realistic desktopsimulations that have ever beenpossible, predicting not only howindividual people interact with eachother and the built environment, butalso how they can be debilitated by hazardssuch as heat, smoke and toxic gases.

Version 5.0, draws extensively on dataand experience captured from experimentsand real-life incidents. Its humanbehaviour ‘submodel’ includes rulesgoverning the often complex behaviour ofpeople affected by smoke in fire situations

and the use of signage in an emergency. Italso examines the psychological aspectsgoverning how, and why, people select anescalator or an adjacent staircase as theirescape route.

Since its launch in 1996, thebuildingEXODUS package has been used byengineering consultancies, architects,

research laboratories, regulatoryauthorities, police forces, fire brigadesand universities in 37 countries. Thepackage has also been used to modelthe evacuation capabilities of a widerange of proposed or existingbuildings and crowd situations, fromthe Love Parade disaster analysis tothe Beijing Olympics, and from theWorld Trade Centre investigation tothe Statue of Liberty redevelopment.The software is used in designanalysis for underground stations,high-rise buildings, hospitals,

shopping complexes, school buildings,museums, theatres, airport terminals, sportsstadia and external crowd events; virtuallyany type of situation involving thegathering or movement of people.

For more information, go tohttp://fseg.gre.ac.uk/

Software Simulates Crowdsand Evacuation

New IR Beam Detector

A new end-to-end infrared optical beam smoke detector has been launched by FIRE FIGHTING ENTERPRISES. The new Fireray 3000 is claimed to be aparticularly cost effective solution for the protection of large, open-area spaces,and in situations where ceiling-mounting is difficult or inappropriate, requiringsmall numbers of units to cover very large areas.

It has been designed for applications where line-of-sight for the IR beampath is narrow, or where the building structure uses particularly reflectivesurfaces, which may cause complications for reflective beam system installation.Each element of the package has also been designed to be both discreet andaesthetically pleasing, helping them to fit well into every environment frommodern architectural buildings to ornately-decorated heritage sites.

Installation is quick and easy, and can be completed by a single operator. Avisible targeting laser housed in the receiver head aids initial placement andsetup, showing clearly the beam path and the necessary positioning for theunits. During commissioning the LEDs on the heads also light up to help fine-tune the alignment path, showing the installer in which direction adjustment isneeded. Both of the detector heads have integrated alignment thumbwheelsfor simple, intuitive and repeatable targeting adjustment, with up to tendegrees of motion available on both horizontal and vertical axes.

For more information, go to www.ffeuk.com

New HydraulicPortable TankSystem ZIAMATIC hasintroduced a hydraulicportable tank systemthat combines itsportable tank systemdesign with the addedstrength and reliabilityof self-containedhydraulic actuators.Called the PTS-HA,Ziamatic says that itprovides a more even,parallel operatingmotion. The hydraulicactuators create astronger, more rigidsystem, allowing for ahard cover and onehard sleeve to bemounted directly to the tank box. No additionalhardware or adapter kits required.

The PTS-HA securely stores a portable tank over theside compartments of an apparatus and lowers to aconvenient height at the flip of a switch for quick,easy, and safe tank retrieval. The rugged, castaluminium system sustains a maximum load of 225kgand is capable of stowing portable tanks up to910mm high by 230mm wide when collapsed. It isavailable for installation on new or existing apparatusand is NFPA compliant.

For more information, go to www.ziamatic.com


PROFILE

The company is so confident of the perfor-mance of its fabrics that it believes it shouldalways let its products do the talking. It is a

belief that was vindicated at the event inManchester as PBI fabrics once again showed,under independent test conditions, that theydeliver a higher level of burn protection, withoutshrinkage or break-open.

The tests were held at the British Textile Technol-ogy Group (BTTG) test laboratory and delegateshad the opportunity to see six burns. The structuralfire suits that were used were all made by the samemanufacturer and incorporated the same designs,thermal and moisture barriers. The only differencebetween the garments was the outer fabric. Threewere made with PBI Gold 200gsm, PBI Matrix205gsm and PBI Gold 220gsm fabrics. The otherfabrics were a MetaAramid-imid 220gsm,MetaAramid 200gsm and a MetaAramid 220gsm.

After an eight-second burn at 1000°C all of thePBI fabrics retained their strength and flexibility,with no evidence of shrinkage or break-open, evenafter extensive flexing of the garment. All three ofthe other fabrics showed evidence of shrinkageand started to break open in varying degrees assoon as they were flexed.

A firefighter’s most important line of protectionand defence is the clothing that he or she wearswhen fighting fires. Their structural kit has toprotect from the most extreme situation in a

Fire – a flashover – even if it is not an everydayoccurrence. A report on firefighter PPE, undertak-en by the Centre for Research in Textile Protectionand Comfort at North Carolina State

University in 2004, identified break-open in theouter fabric as a risk to burns. It said, “The resultsindicate that when the shell material is removed(broken open and lying on the ground) the time toachieve a 2nd degree burn, or the thermal protec-tive performance of the turnout gear systemdecreases by about 35%.”

If caught in an intense fire or flashover the fire-fighter is not going to stand still, so it is vital thatthe outer fabric can withstand the flexing that willoccur from natural movement such as crouchingor walking. Because PBI fabric protects theintegrity of the internal layers of the garment thetransfer of any radiant heat is slower, allowingmore time for firefighters to escape to safety.

Helmut Zepf, Vice President, International Salesand Marketing at PBI Performance Products Inc.said: “At PBI we believe that our products speak forthemselves, which is why we think it is importantthat our customers have the opportunity to com-pare fabrics in an independent test environment. Itis the only way to make a valid comparison. All ofthe PBI fabrics consistently maintained their integritywith no signs of shrinkage, brittleness or break-open, retaining most of their colour and durability.”

The eight-second burn test was undertaken onthe 2006 version of the male heat sensing manikinknown as RALPH, which was developed by BTTGand conforms to ISO 13506. For the test thehands and head were not used, leaving 123sensors on torso, arms and legs that monitor thetemperature on the surface of the manikin duringthe test. The manikin was challenged by a flameengulfment apparatus that consists of two tiers ofsix burners that create heat flux of 84kW/m2. Thegarment was exposed for eight seconds and datafrom the sensors was collected for two minutes.

All PBI fabrics, whether from the company’sGold or Matrix ranges, are lighter and considerablysofter than others available on the market, yetthey consistently provide more flame and heatresistance, offer high standards of durability andwill offer the same high level of protection to fire-fighters throughout the lifetime of their PPE. APF

Top Performerin IndependentTestsIt takes real confidence in your products to hand them over to an independenttest facility to be compared to other fabrics in the market and then invitecustomers to see how they perform. But that is exactly what PBI PerformanceProducts did recently when they arranged for senior fire service delegates frombrigades from across Europe to a series of test burns in Manchester in the UK.

For more information, go towww.pbiproducts.com

PBI Gold during the burn

PBI Gold after the eightsecond burn test on“Ralph”

PBI Matrix after theburn with no evidenceof shrinkage or breakopen

Suit without PBI. Afterflexing it showedevidence of shrinkageand started to breakopen

New Foam-inductionWater MonitorANGUS FIRE has launchedPolaris, a foam-inductionwater motor to complementits existing range of foam-making equipment. It is designedto deliver 1%, 3%, 6% or dual-rate foam induction withinUnderwriters Laboratory (UL),Factory Mutual (FM) and ENstandard limits, across a wide rangeof flows and pressures.

The water motor is driven solelyby the extinguishing water flow,requiring no external energy source.The water flow drives a rotorconnected to a foam pump, which pumps foam concentrate into the watermotor outlet, creating the firefighting water/foam solution. The system is flow-proportional – the higher the water flow, the more foam is inducted, to maintainthe correct concentration level.

Major benefits being claimed for Polaris include minimum water and linepressure loss. Foam concentrate can be supplied from a tank at atmosphericpressure, which can be refilled at any time without any need to interruptfirefighting activities. Polaris is manufactured from high-grade, corrosion-resistantmaterials that are compatible with seawater, ensuring that it can be used in awide range of environments, including offshore and marine installations. Polarisinduction motors are designed to match normal water flow through a schedule40 pipe system, and can be configured for static industrial systems and ringmains, including foam sprinkler systems. A de-mountable, portable version of theunit is available, which is suitable for use on fire and rescue vehicles.

For more information, go to www.kidde.com.au


NEWS

New USAR PPEA new USAR coat and trouser hasbeen added to BRISTOL UNIFORM’Sfirefighter PPE range. The new kitfeatures a number of advanceson the previous designintroduced in 2009.

Incorporating twolayers, the new USARensemble focuses oncomfort, ergonomic fitand composite flexibilityfor kit intended for usein a variety of technicalrescue tasks as well asroad and rail accidents.Both coat and trouserfeature a flame retardantouter layer over awaterproof membrane, 3Mreflective triple trim andincorporate a pathogenbarrier. The product meetsthe requirements of the EN ISO 11612 General Flamestandard and is available inorange, high-viz orange, redand navy and in threealternative outer fabric combinations. A choice ofProtex Cotton, Nomex Delta C and Kermel ismarried up to a Gore Crosstech SR moisture barrier.

Features of this latest Bristol offering include asingle zip size allowing any girth variations to bemixed when using the facility to zip the coat andtrouser together to form a one-piece garment. Coatflexibility comes in the form of vented underarmpanels, underarm gussets, a pleated back, quiltedpadding on the elbows, improved throat protectionand weatherproof seal over the front zip. Addedcomfort is provided in the form of angled pocketswith flaps, full breathability through all layers andwrist straps to close sleeve hems over gloves.Comfort and safety features in the trouser includeelasticated side waist, ergonomic curved kneeshaping and quilted foam padding with Kevlar forprotection and a leg gusset with concealed zip.

For more information, go towww.bristoluniforms.co.uk

Hydrogen OrdinaryHazard SprinklerVIKING CORPORATION has introduced whatit claims to be the industry’s first quickresponse, extended coverage, flat plateconcealed fire sprinkler for OrdinaryHazard (OH) occupancies. The newVK538 Mirage sprinkler, which is cULusListed for OH-1 and OH-2occupancies, provides in theseapplications “the enhanced aestheticsof a flat cover plate with the designadvantages of a QREC sprinkler.”

With a K Factor of 11.2(161), the VK538 is suited forsystems requiring higher waterdensities, as well as situationswhere the available water pressureis limited. Potential applications beingcited by Viking include casinos, hotel atriums,retail environments, libraries, automotive showrooms, and shopping malls.

The VK538 Mirage is Listed for coverage areas as large as 6.1 metres by 6.1 metres and has required flows and pressures that are less than or equal tomost non-concealed sprinklers for OH occupancies. The new sprinkler has a 20 mm NPT thread size and is available in 74°C and 96°C temperature ratings.They are available in several standard finishes and a nearly unlimited number of custom colours.

For more information, go to www.vikingcorp.com

UpgradedWebsitePromises MoreAKRON BRASS has upgraded its website to providecustomers in over 80 countries with improvedfunctionality, easier navigation and product searchcapabilities. The redesigned site is now said to makeproducts easier to find and product demonstrationsand quote requests from local distributors aroundthe world easier to request. There is a greater focuson engineered solutions and expanded support forsolutions in applications such a mining and marine.

For more information, go to www.akronbrass.com


PROFILE

ISG Infrays is world-leading designer and manu-facturer of firefighting and search and rescuethermal imaging cameras. Each of our innovative

products is designed in-house by our own specialistdevelopment team. This means that every one ofour thermal imagers has been designed specificallyfor its intended application.

The E380 is the latest thermal imager for fire-fighting from ISG Infrays, using our new andexclusive Sigma engine technology that enablesyou to see more scene information than everbefore. The Sigma engine drives over 100,000sensor pixels simultaneously to achieve super-clearimaging performance even in the most extremefirefighting conditions at over 1,000°C. More than5.5 million scene elements are updated everysecond, giving you the maximum amount ofdetails available, 100 percent of the time.

This exceptional product houses a number ofnew features exclusive to ISG Infrays, including thelatest Hot Spot Tracker (patent pending) that iden-tifies the hottest object in the scene, tracks it, anddisplays its relative temperature on the display. Thisunique new feature is the must-have tool for everythermal imager, enabling you to get more infor-mation during size-up exercises, overhaul, and anyother situation where hot spot detection is vital toyou and your team’s safety.

In addition to the Hot Spot Tracker the E380 alsohouses Direct Temperature Measurement (DTM),the standard X2/X4 digital zoom feature, and Intel-ligent Focus – (ISG) Infrays best-selling feature of alltime. Intelligent Focus gives you the ability to movethe thermal imager around your surroundings, andhave the Sigma engine technology automaticallyadjust its settings to give you the clearest imagingperformance possible of the scene being imaged.Not only does this enhance your safety, it also

allows you to see hidden detail that may otherwisenot have been visible in other thermal imagers.

This superior product is housed in our newrugged shell giving you a hard-wearing, long-lasting product that will stand up to the rigorousdemands that firefighting entails. Its lightweight,compact design houses a host of automatedfeatures and functionality that give you optimalimaging performance without the need for manu-al intervention or complicated user adjustments.

The E380 also comes with a variety of standardaccessories, including spare rechargeable batteries,a retractable lanyard, and new desktop batterycharger. In addition, the optional accessories onoffer include the latest Fast Attack Charger andthe new TAC-Grip accessory. This enables you tofurther enhance the product’s functionality byadding more advanced features, such as a laserassist, video capture and transmitter.

Only ISG Infrays can offer you this easy to use,fully-automated thermal imager with exceptionalimage clarity unrivalled by any other thermal imagingcamera manufacturer in the world, and at an afford-able price. We know that a super-clear thermal imagecan be the difference between a life saved and a lifelost, and as a result, our products are among themost sought-after thermal imagers in the world.

We prioritise safety just as you do. It is thatsimple. APF

ISG Infrays’Thermal ImagersAvailablefrom PacFirePac Fire Australia has been appointed the exclusiveagent for ISG Infrays thermal imaging cameras forAustralia and New Zealand. Our new E380 thermalimaging camera has been released and is availablethrough Pac Fire Australia.

For more information, go towww.pacfire.com.au

Stratos Technology

Knows where to draw the line

A UTC Fire & Security Company

AirSense Kidde AirSense

The Stratos relative sensitivity aspirating smoke detection (ASD) system is a clever box of tricks. Using perceptive artificial intelligence (AI), it learns

from the environment and continuously maintains an appropriate level of sensitivity to provide the earliest possible warning of fire without the risk

of nuisance alams.

This opens up all sorts of opportunities to deliver the benefits of ASD to a much wider audience. Although it continues to be used extensively in IT and

telecommunications clean room environments for which it was originally developed, relative sensitivity ASD means it is also a viable solution for less

sensitive, yet critical, applications such as ceiling voids, lift shafts, prison cells and trains. In addition, unlike conventional detectors, ASD systems do not

need to be located within the area to be protected, so they are particularly suitable where aesthetic considerations are paramount such as heritage

buildings, churches and theatres.

Put simply, Stratos Nano brings all the benefits

of ASD to applications where cost would have

previously have limited installations to ‘fan in a

box’ point detection.

Relative sensitivity.

Stratos Nano.

Relative sensitivity aspirating smoke detection tailored

specifically to smaller, budget-conscious applications.

ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTION

Simon Whittall

AirSense Technology


Acritical part of the fire prevention process is time. It is perhaps a simplistic statement but one worth making nonetheless, that the

quicker a fire can be detected, the sooner actioncan be taken to extinguish it; the quicker evacu-ation can, if required, be arranged and the lessdamage will be caused. This has lead to the wide-spread adoption of aspirating smoke detection(ASD) systems, which are designed specifically todetect fires in the early incipient stage.

To achieve this early warning, laser-based ASDcan be up to a thousand times more sensitive thana point detection system, or other aspiratingsystems that employ a ‘point’ type detector in anaspirating enclosure. However, this has lead toconcerns that they are potentially too sensitiveand, with fire safety engineers and fire servicesthroughout the world looking at how to reduce

the incidences of false alarms, this balancing ofearly detection with minimising false alarmsremains a challenge.

It is this challenge that brought about the devel-opment of relative sensitivity ASD systems as analternative to the fixed sensitivity approach.Relative sensitivity is based on a concept wherebythe detectors ‘learn’ from the environment inwhich they are operating, and continuously main-tain an appropriate level of sensitivity. Fluctuationsin the environmental smoke density are notuncommon and can be caused by a number offactors, from changes in building occupancy levelsand manufacturing processes through to variationsin a building’s air-conditioning filtration systems.Such variations and fluctuations are relativelyminor in terms of the impact on the environmentin human terms but, in the context of ASD, which

ASD: Relative or FixedSensitivity?Fire prevention is a fundamental focus in any fire safety engineering scenario. Whileensuring provision is in place to respond to and recover from a fire should it occur,preventing it happening in the first place is, quite rightly, the prime objective.

The InternationalCommerce Centre (ICC) isHong Kong’s tallestbuilding

is based on the detection of microscopic particlesof smoke, they certainly are significant.

Fixed sensitivityIn fixed sensitivity ASD systems, the detectiondevice produces an alarm output when themeasured smoke density in the protected areareaches a predetermined level (see Figure 1). Thedetector provides a measure of smoke density,usually by detecting scattered light from a highintensity light source, within an internal detectionchamber. The amount of scattered light is approxi-mately proportional to the smoke density, withsuch systems typically having multiple alarmthresholds located at points along a moving ‘bar-graph’ output scale. The major drawback withthis fixed sensitivity technology is that the bar-graph starts at a measurement of zero percentobscuration per metre; that is, absolutely clean air.

This really occurs only in clean-room environmentsor specialist laboratories, which is why initially ASDwas largely confined to such specific applications.However, as the benefits of early detection havebeen recognised and a much wider range of otherbuilding types and processes have sought to employthe technology – the so called ‘real world’ environ-ments – the smoke detected by fixed sensitivitydetectors must always include a degree of contami-nation caused by natural processes or shortcomingsin the ventilation employed within the protectedarea. In these ‘normal’ applications, a fluctuatingbackground of ambient smoke density willinevitably be present that will impact on theperformance of fixed sensitivity devices.

When a fixed sensitivity detector activates, itdoes so because the combined values of ambientsmoke and smoke produced by a fire has reachedthe fixed alarm level (see Figure 2). The illustrationdemonstrates that at two different periods of time(indicated as A and B), the detector will generatean alarm with significantly different density of

smoke present (S2 and S2). It also illustrates that, indisplaying the sensitivity level at which the detectoris supposedly operating, the information has littlevalue because it is displaying the combined smokedensities (alarm value equals S1 plus S2). With noway of knowing what the ambient level will benormally, the fixed sensitivity technology has noway of accurately knowing the density of smokeproduced by a fire. Herein lies the great sensitivityparadox – fixed sensitivity detectors in realityproduce variable sensitivity/performance to fires.

Relative sensitivityIn a relative sensitivity approach to ASD, as alreadyalluded to, the detector adapts itself to suit theenvironment in which it is located. Using percep-tive artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the alarmthresholds provided are ‘relative’ to the smokedensity of the specific environment being protected,

rather than the arbitrary zero point used in fixedsensitivity systems. The relative scaling of the alarmthreshold (see Figure 3) means that the increase insmoke required to activate a fire alarm at level S2is the same, despite the environment having avariable ambient smoke density.

Those who argue against the relative sensitivityapproach suggest that a system capable of‘learning’ about increases in smoke density will de-sensitise itself to the point where it will notprovide early warning – the very reason for select-ing ASD in the first place. However, this is not thecase. Perceptive AI software ‘learns’ at a muchslower rate than any slow-growth fire scenario. Inthe event of a fire, smoke density increase in abuilding is near to exponential, whereas thelearning ability of the software is linear; a pointrecognised by the European Standard EN54-20that defines fire growth learning limits. Also, thelearning process is ongoing and automatic, there-by maintaining the alarm level considerably closerto the ‘normal’ area smoke density than the fixed


Figure 1

ASD: RELATIVE OR FIXED SENSITIVITY?ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTION

Perceptive AI software ‘learns’ at a much slower rate than

any slow-growth fire scenario. In the event of a fire, smoke

density increase in a building is near to exponential, whereas

the learning ability of the software is linear; a point

recognised by the European Standard EN54-20 that defines

fire growth learning limits.

Time in hours

% obsc. /mtr

Smoke Density

4%

3%

2%

1%

0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Typical alarm level for Point detectors

Typical smoke density development curve of slowly developing fire

Possible alarm level for Aspirating detectors

system and therefore potentially providing sub-stantially earlier warning.

ASD systems are now employed in a very widerange of applications, from the telecoms and cleanrooms for which they were first developed, rightthrough to heavily industrialised environments. Inaddition to the advances in relative sensitivity alreadyoutlined that have helped make ASD systems morerobust, unlike conventional detectors, ASD systemsdo not need to be located within the area to be pro-tected. The air sampling pipes that draw the airthrough to the detector can be installed withinareas subject to extremes of heat, cold and/orhumidity, transporting the air to the ASD detectorlocated outside of the area. ASD is therefore nowwidely used in cold stores, food preparation areas,textile dying areas and tobacco plants.

ASD in actionThe use of ASD in general business environmentshas also increased significantly, particularly in officeblocks characterised by large open atria in theentrance areas. This can cause particular problemsfor conventional point or beam detectors, assmoke from small fires lacks sufficient thermalbuoyancy to reach the detectors and thereforetrigger an alarm. This ‘smoke stratification’ affectsbuildings with ceiling heights in excess of 12metres and can render point detectors ineffective,unless the fire has reached the conflagration stage.

A project in Hong Kong demonstrates how a rela-tive sensitivity based system has been used in justsuch an application. The International CommerceCentre (ICC) is Hong Kong’s tallest building. Standingat 118-floors and 484-metres, it is the centrepiece ofUnion Square at the multi-million-pound MTRKowloon Station Development. The fourth-tallestbuilding in the world, it boasts a seven-star Ritz hotelat its summit, 232,000 square metres of offices,

93,000 square metres of apartments, and a 93,000square metre shopping mall at its core.

For this project a report was prepared using firesafety engineering principles to compare a sprinkleredapproach to one employing ASD. By using ASD, thereport concluded that in the ICC, a saving of 2.7minutes could be made in detection time. By alsoadopting an information-based warning system,featuring pre-recorded and live messaging ratherthan a simple tone based system, a further savingof two minutes was estimated in evacuation time.The combination of these two technologies (a timesaving in the evacuation process of over 4.5 min-utes) and the benefits they brought in enablingoccupants to make an orderly evacuation, led to the selection of the ASD-based approach ratherthan an automatic sprinkler system. The fire engi-neering consultants on the project responsible forthe report was Arup and Dr Mingchun Luo, Directorof Consulting at Arup, commented: “The smokedetection system for the office floors can give anearlier warning of fire than a conventional automaticsprinkler system. Consequently, the occupants willbe alerted earlier in the event of a fire, saving allimportant time in the evacuation process.”

AirSense’s Stratos-HSSD ASD system was selectedto protect more than two-thirds of the ICC, includ-ing the building’s atria – large open volumes withextremely high ceilings. The system overcomes theproblem of smoke stratification by allowingstrategic positioning of detectors and samplingpoints. The integrated perceptive artificial intelli-gence technology eliminates the occurrence offalse alarms from the detectors by automaticallymaintaining multiple-staged alarms if smoke densityexceeds statistically determined limits.

The report by Arup also recognised the benefitsof ASD in terms of protecting unoccupied areas ofthe building. While in an occupied room, a fire


Figure 3

Relative Sensitivity Alarm Level A

B

% obsc. /mtr

Smoke Density

0.3%

0.2%

0.1%

0% 0 Time

Ambient Smoke Level

S2

S1

S2

S1

ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTION

% obsc. /mtr

Smoke Density

0.3%

0.2%

0.1%

0% 0 Time

Fixed Alarm Level

Ambient Smoke

S2

S1

S2

If Ambient Smoke = S1, and Smoke produced by a fire = S2 Then Alarm Activation = S1 + S2

A B

S1

Figure 2

would be expected to be detected by the occu-pants and dealt with accordingly, the critical caseidentified in the ICC was to protect against a fireoriginating in an unoccupied sector.

The risk assessment concluded that, in asprinklered approach, a fire in an unoccupied officearea would be likely to remain undetected for sometime. Occupants located in other areas of the build-ing would only become aware once a fire had

developed to a significant size, probably at a pointwhen the sprinklers had been activated and sohelping to control the fire but where significantamounts of smoke were being generated and dam-age to the building was already occurring. The earlydetection provided by ASD was deemed the moreappropriate route to take, providing a solutionequivalent to, or better than, the level of fire safety

achievable through a prescriptive design. This alsooffered significant cost savings in the overallstructural fire safety requirements of the building.

At twice the size of London’s Canary Wharf,Union Square is one of the largest developmentsin the world. Designed as Hong Kong’s ‘gatewayto the world’, the project offers unrivalled accessto the mainland, is only 20 minutes by rail fromHong Kong International Airport, and features aconvenient in-town check-in facility. Union Squareis also at the heart of a system of main roads, ferrycrossings and rail links. As the project’s focal point,the ICC features an observation platform on its100th floor.

More than detectionAspirating smoke detection is no longer a newtechnology. It has been tried and tested in manyvaried applications. The advent of relative sensitivitybased systems brought with it this potential formuch wider usage and, although it continues tobe widely employed in the IT and telecommunica-tions environments for which it was originallydeveloped, it is now seen in a whole host ofsituations, from heritage buildings and retail com-plexes to waste recycling facilities and flour mills.The fact that ASD provides such an early warningat the incipient stages of a fire means that it caneffectively be viewed as preventing rather thanmerely detecting a fire, which brings us back towhere we started, namely that fire prevention isthe ultimate goal in protecting people, buildingsand the environment from the threat of fire. APF


ASD: RELATIVE OR FIXED SENSITIVITY? ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTION

For further information, go towww.airsensetechnology.com

Simon Whittall is SalesDirector at AirSenseTechnology

While in an occupied room, a

fire would be expected to be

detected by the occupants and

dealt with accordingly, the

critical case identified in the

ICC was to protect against

a fire originating in an

unoccupied sector.

Smoke means an immediate alarm.SecuriRAS® ASD aspirating smoke detector with HD sensor

Securiton AG, Alarm and Security Systemswww.securiton.com, [email protected]

A company of the Swiss Securitas Group

PAC Fire Australia APF41 p22 13/3/12 2:07 pm Page 1

THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS


The Eagle Has Landed

The new Eagle Attackthermal imagingcamera from SCOTTSAFETY is aimed atdelivering all the

performance, quality and durability thatfirefighters demand.After asking hundredsof firefighters for theirinput in the design anddevelopment of this

product, Scott Safetysays that the EagleAttack offers a full-

featured imager in a compact form with no sacrifice on quality. Its high resolution design provides users with great image quality, reliability,durability and ease-of-use. It is claimed to be one of the lightest and mostportable imagers in the industry. Smaller-sized cameras typically sacrificefeatures and image quality for portability and, while larger imagers are feature-rich, they can be bulky and more difficult to handle in tight situations. TheEagle Attack combines the best of both small and large imagers.

The Eagle Attack has a generous display, a high degree dynamic range,resolution and sensitivity to make fire analysis quick and easy. The high-functioning lens is protected by silicone bumpers and if anything ever happens tothe germanium lens, it has been engineered so that change-out can be done inthe field. The camera’s charging system is fully loaded with simple-to-usefeatures, like daisy chain charging from one power cable to a low profile casingthat can be mounted easily on a vehicle, so it can be out of the way but easilyaccessed.

The camera can be custom configured to suit the user’s changing needs andis offered with either a greyscale or colour imagery and the optional Scottthermal video recorder (TVR) that automatically captures every event fortraining and documentation purposes. It also comes in three rubber bumpercolours to suit the customer’s own branding.

For more information, go to www.scottsafety.com

Extremely Affordable

Vision

Described as “extremelyaffordable and rugged, enablingevery firefighter to be equipped” theHF-Series thermal imaging camerafrom FLIR produces thermal images of320pixels by 240 pixels on which thesmallest details can be seen. Advancedinternal camera software delivers acrisp image without the need for useradjustments.

A 2X digital zoom allows the firefighter to havean even closer look at the situation whennecessary. Further described as ergonomic andeasy to use, the HF-Series cameras are fullycontrolled by just five buttons on top of the unit.Weighing just 660 grams – batteries included –the HF-Series cameras are extremely compact and very light. They are reckoned to be ideal forgo-anywhere operations, are IP-67 ingressprotection rated and operate between minus20°C and plus 60°C.

For more information, go to www.flir.com

Thermal ImagingCameras Round-upIn the market for new thermal imaging cameras? In this edition of AsiaPacific Fire we take a close look at the latest models to come onto themarket from the leading manufacturers.Graham Collins


ROUND-UPTHERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS

EvolutionaryOffering

MSA’s Evolution 5800 the newest addition

to MSA’s 5000Series of thermalimaging cameras,is being heraldedas offering state-of-the-artimagery with ahigh-resolution-format,

microbolometer-based infrared

sensor.

New Image Detail Enhancement(IDE) software enhances the

camera’s imagery so that it matchesthe total dynamic range of the original

image, and makes image detail visible to thefirefighter, even in scenes with extreme-temperature dynamics. Thisenhanced imagery is combined with five user-selectable palettes,to give firefighters a customised image that maximises the sceneinformation needed to plan an attack, even in low temperaturecontrast environments.

The heart of the new camera is the vanadium oxidemicrobolometer that incorporates a 320 x 240 focal plane arraysensor, generating over 76,000 pixels of image detail with a 36°field of view. 2X Digital zoom magnifies the image detail. Twoadditional features in all camera models, Standard Quick Tempand Heat Seeker Plus, complete what the company says is themost advanced thermal imaging package available on the markettoday.

The Evolution 5800 incorporates all of the established user-friendly form factors in MSA’s 5000 Series cameras. These include:single-button activation; patented dual-handle design for ease ofhandoff; a lightweight lithium ion battery with over two hours ofrun time; a protective battery compartment; and a comprehensiveoffering of interchangeable accessories. As with all MSA cameras,the Evolution 5800 comes as standard with a two-year cameracore warranty and a one-year warranty on all of the other cameracomponents.

The Evolution 5800 comes with a variety of different kits andaccessories. They are: a Fire Station kit that contains all of thecomponents and accessories that a fire department needs to puttheir MSA Evolution thermal imaging camera into service, and aVehicle kit that contains all of the components and accessoriesthat a fire department needs to install their Evolution camera intoservice on a fire truck. Other accessories are: a Mini Receiver kitthat enables users to customise your own video monitoring andrecording setup.; a Deluxe Receiver kit that provides users with acomplete solution for viewing transmitted images using a singlereceiver console.; an Evolution Video Transmitter that allows formaximum flexibility to deploy the transmitter easily when needed;and an Evolution Video Capture kit, a stand-alone video devicethat records screen action of any Evolution 5000-Series camera forup to two hours.

For more information, go to www.msa.net.au

Up Close andPersonal

According to SOLO THERMAL IMAGING, its S2Personal camera has been designed as: “a highspecification, low cost thermal imager to equipfirefighters with intuitive thermal imaging technology.Using the UK designed and manufactured Solo TIcamera core means less restriction and greater control,as the company manufactures every single part of eachS2 Personal. Designed as an ultra-small camera, smallenough to easily clip to firefighters’ gear, nomex sidehand straps complete the rugged external features.”The camera is claimed to be one of the world’s smallest, lightesthand-held cameras, weighing only 750 grams including battery,yet still utilises a large format, high-definition display offeringsharper, brighter image definition than a standard display. All S2Personal cameras have the ability to capture and store up to 1000images in the on-board memory with the press of a button; acapability that is essential for use as evidential proof or duringtraining exercises. Each camera is also provided free-of-chargewith Solo TI analysis software that offers greater detail and allowscolour mapping to be extracted from the downloaded images.

The S2 Personal shell utilises a fire-retardant polymer materialand includes power pack and locking configuration with furtherprotection offered by the oversized nomex side handles andvulcanised rubber screen shroud. It is offered with Solo TI’s highresolution/high definition sensor; the same Solo 5200Ti cameracore platform as used in the entire Solo TI camera range. Thisformat offers both greyscale and four colour options as standard.

Although the S2 Personal Fire is a low cost unit it comes asstandard in an IP67 hard shell carry case. Four rechargeablebatteries with charger and all leads; replaceable display window;direct spot temperature and digital read out with temperature scalerunning along the right hand of the display; battery gauge; fourcolour maps; Scene Capture with SOLOTI software all as standardfeatures. User preference start-up screen with on screen menuoffered in various languages and a choice of shell colours completethe standard issue specification. Optional extras include a neckstrap and retractable lanyard; The S2 Personal can also be specifiedwith either one or two button operation.

For more information, go to www.solo-ti.co.uk


ROUND-UPTHERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS

From its introduction and use inmilitary firefighting thirty yearsago, the Argus handheldthermal imaging camera fromE2V has evolved into what isdescribed as a versatile andcost-effective tool that nomodern firefighting force canafford to be without. Thousandsof the company’s cameras areused by the world’s firefightersto save lives and property,including Bangkok FireDepartment and Hong Kong FireDepartment, both of which useArgus 4 cameras.

Argus cameras are designed usingadvanced digital imaging technology forwhat is said to be the ultimate in sharppicture quality with the best image qualityof any handheld thermal imaging cameraon the market today. The new Argus4 320– an upgrade to the highly successfulstandard Argus4 – provides firefighterswith high-resolution thermal imaging atthe same purchase price as many low

resolutionoptions.

Argus camerasoffer two types oftemperature detection toaid firefighters indetermining the heat oftheir surroundings.Ambient temperaturemeasurement givesfirefighters rapididentification of the area’stemperature within the fire environment.Notification of these temperatures canindicate dangerous situations and thefirefighter can make a decision whether toevacuate the premises or continue thesearch. Spot temperature measurementenables firefighters to pinpoint the exact

heat of objects or obstacles. Thissaves time and extinguishant by

allowing firefighters to focuson the hottest part. This

option enables fastand effective locationof the seat of a fireor detecting hotspots in cavitywalls or behind

doors, whichindicates potential

danger in another room. Additionally, this

feature can be useful fordetermining the temperature withinenclosed capsules or spaces, evenmeasuring the temperature of gascylinders. Temperature sensitivity modesare now used to expand the dynamictemperature range of the thermal imagingcameras. Argus cameras have three modesto further increases the viewabletemperature range up to 1010°C. Theimage on a camera LCD screen can moveseamlessly from a cooler scene to a veryhigh temperature scene without the lossof detail “whiteout”. It also means that abody located in very high temperaturescan still be seen by the cameras handler.

For more information, go towww.argusdirect.com

The latest thermal imager from BULLARD is theEclipse, described as “a low-cost, lightweight,personal-issue thermal imager designed for every firefighter”. This ultra-smallthermal imager is ergonomicallyshaped to fit in the palm of afirefighter’s handand lightweightenough toattach toturnout gear.Weighing 680grams, theEclipse is beingpromoted asoffering thefire service anopportunity tobring thermal imagingto more firefighters.

Compact and Ergonomic designIntroduced in 2009, the Eclipse has gone

on to become one of Bullard’s mostpopular thermal imagers. In

addition to a standard 80 x 60engine, it is also available with a 160 x 120 high resolutionengine that enhances theversatility of the camera byproviding firefighters withclearer, crisper and more

detailed images, making itsuitable for use as an analytical

and navigational tool. The Eclipse can be equipped

with optional advanced features,including Bullard’s electronic thermal

throttle that aids firefighters in revealinghidden fire and distinguishing hotter objects,

saving firefighters critical time and preventingcostly mistakes. Other optional features include

high-heat colorisation, temperature measurement andcustomised start-up graphics.

For more information, go to www.bullard.com

Versatile and Cost-effective

argusdirect.com

Copyright © 2012 Scott Safety. All Rights Reserved.

FIRE | OIL & GAS | INDUSTRIALFLET’S WORK.

FULLY ADJUSTABLE. LIGHTWEIGHT.PROFESSIONAL FIREFIGHTING TYPE 2 SCBA.

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ult imate in comfort and flexibi l ity, combined with the highest standards of performance. The Scott Safety ACSfx is the f lagship SCBA set of the ACS range. Specif ical ly designed for the Professional Firefighter, the ACSfx is approved to EN137:2006 which incorporates the stringent f lame engulfment test. Certif ied to AS/NZS 1716:2012.

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FIREFIGHTING AGENTSTest pod burn


TetraKO is a corn-starch-based, biodegradablewater enhancer – an additive that changes, ortransforms, the composition of water in a

firefighting appliance or apparatus – that themanufacturer, EarthClean, claims turns ordinarywater into a technology that can knocking-down afire faster and more effectively than water, Class-Afoam, or Compressed Air Foam (CAF).

When the product is applied, it has what isdescribed as “stick and stay” ability, adhering tovertical surfaces and smothering the fire; it doesnot run off a surface like water or foam. Because it“sticks and stays”, it takes the fuel out of the fireto provide dramatically enhanced performance. Inaddition, the corn-starch provides a much greaterlevel of heat calorie absorption in the upperthermal layer of a fire. Another benefit of TetraKOis that it dramatically reduces rekindling. Eventhough it looks like a thick liquid, it is actuallypumpable through regular hoses, nozzles andanything else that can pump or spray water.

Because the product adheres to all surfaces,exposure protection on structures is yet anotherbenefit. A fire department recently used the waterenhancer to protect a home and adjacent auto-mobile garage from the radiant heat generated bya nearby structure fire in a congested neighbour-hood, and at a fire test centre in Minnesota,TetraKO was successfully used to protect walls that

were less than a metre away from fully engulfedtest pods at 1200°C.

TetraKO is said to be different from other waterenhancers and gel technologies. These otherproducts utilise Super Absorbent Polymers (SAPs)that absorb many times their weight in water, donot have sheer thinning abilities for pumping, andcannot be pumped through standard fire equip-ment. TetraKO uses zero SAPs, and insteadfeatures dual-thickening agents that provide sheerthinning ability, similar to the technology that isfound in bottles of hand sanitizers. Sheer thinningtechnology converts it from a gel to the sameviscosity as water when pumped under pressureand then reverts back to a gel once it leaves thenozzle. Hence, its ability to be pumped throughstandard fire equipment. Once TetraKO hits about150°C it becomes twice as thick and sticky, andprovides much greater absorption of the heat. Thisis directly due to the corn-starch.

As a powdered product, the shelf life is at leasttwo years. When the product is mixed in a fireappliance, it will stay in good condition for anaverage of 30 days, depending on environmentalconditions.

Game Changing TechnologyTetraKO is described by EarthClean as “gamechanging technology that has the potential to

New WaterEnhancer Hots-upthe Agent DebateA water enhancer developed in the USA has just become available in the AsiaPacific region and the manufacturer claims that it will replace Class-A foamsystems and Compressed Air Foam Systems.By Graham Collins

become a vital tool in the firefighting arsenal ofmunicipal and wildland firefighting operations”,working alongside water and engineered toreplace Class-A foam systems and Compressed AirFoam Systems.

EarthClean points to a study by UL prepared forthe U.S. Fire Administration in September of 2008that concludes that Class-A foam is no moreeffective than plain water. The last paragraph ofthe Executive Summary states, with respect toClass-A foam, that, “neither the time to reducethe heat release rate to 17 percent of the initialheat rate, nor the regrowth heat release rate aftersuppression termination were considered to besignificantly different when comparing water onlyto the agents and concentrations tested.”

Quick Knockdown, Longer LastingSuppression, and Reduced RekindlingAt recent testing at the SCALE (Scott CountyAssociation for Leadership and Efficiency) firetraining facility in Minnesota, several pods filledwith hay and wood pallets were burned. The timeto initial knockdown, as well as time to rekindlewas measured and, compared with water andClass-A foam, TetraKO – on average – reduced thetemperature in the upper thermal layer by 58 per-cent in 15 seconds compared with water at 28percent and Class-A foam at 25 percent.

These tests were conducted using Thermoworkstemperature probes rated at 1,200°C. The heatdata is collected in one-second intervals andrecorded in a data collection device that maps andgraphs the knockdowns, heat calorie absorption,and time to rekindle. A comprehensive series oftests were recently completed at Texas A & M, andthe world-renowned Texas Engineering ExtensionService (TEEX), where TetraKO was tested side-by-side against plain water and Class-A foam. Inattendance at these tests were members of theInternational Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC)Technology Council as well as members of itsWildland Fire Policy Committee.

Mixing Process and Water UsageIt is a batch mixed product whereby a universalsystem efficiently injects the powder into thebooster tank while the apparatus is recirculating,creating a homogenized blend. It can also bemixed into a foldable water tank or handheldbackpack sprayer.

In various live fires and test burn scenariosTetraKO has proven to use far less water toknockdown and extinguish a fire. Due to the“stick and stay” technology, there is virtually no

water run-off, reducing by manytimes the total water used in typi-cal firefighting. On a structural fire,the overhaul process is reducedand, therefore, the amount ofwater damage is reduced.

To clean tanks and hoses, firedepartments simply rinse themwith plain water after use. TetraKOdoes not require any special equip-ment and there is no residue. At a fire scene, the product isbiodegradable and will not harmvegetation or the watershed, sothere is no concern about itsenvironmental impact.

Certified BiodegradableThe product has been independently tested byfour accredited and independent laboratories.TetraKO met the required EPA (EnvironmentalProtection Agency) Office of Prevention, Pesticides,and Toxic Substances (OPPTS) standards and wasverified to be ‘ready biodegradable’, the highestlevel of biodegradability possible. It was alsoindependently tested for aquatic and mammaliantoxicity and was found to be non-toxic. It has beentested to the required NFPA 18A standards forUniform Corrosion and has been found to be non-corrosive. EarthClean is in the process ofapplying for the U.S. Department of Forest Servicerequirements for wildland application.

Main applicationsTetraKO is engineered for use in both urban andrural structural firefighting, as well as wildland andurban-wildland interface firefighting. Extensivetesting has been carried out in EarthClean’slaboratory and on the company’s own fire truck.Several fire departments have been using theproduct, primarily in Waterous pumps, for over ayear, and the company says it is in contact withkey OEM pump manufacturers to accelerate theproduct’s development and acceptance.

TetraKO’s ability to lay down a wet-line of fireprotection is very significant for wildland firefight-ing. In April of 2011 in Possum Kingdom, Texas, afirefighter laid down a three-metre wide wet-lineto protect a neighbourhood from a wind-drivenwildfire with 12-metre high flames. The fireburned 600 millimetres into the wet-line and wasstopped in its tracks. In addition, the manufac-turers of TetraKO believe it is the first technologythat is effective for a direct attack and knockingthe head right out of a wildfire. The technologywill not rehydrate, which is very important as gels that rehydrate will actually absorb moisturefrom plant life and ultimately kill what they aredesigned to protect. Once TetraKO evaporates, itdissipates into the environment because it isbiodegradable.

Over the past year numerous drop tests havebeen conducted with the Fire Boss Air Tractor,delivering what EarthClean describes as “amazingresults” with the coverage provided by theTetraKO.

The product is currently being assessed andapproved in Korea, where an exclusive distributionagreement has been signed with SAM JOO Ltd, aclean technology company. TetraKO is also beingassessed and approved in Japan. APF


One five to ten secondburst of TetraKOcompletely knocked-down this car fire

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“The independent alternative”

Foam Concentrates and Foam Systems

Dafo Fomtec AB P.O Box 683 SE-135 26 Tyresö SwedenPhone: +46 8 506 405 66 Fax: +46 8 506 405 29

E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.fomtec.com

OFFSHORE PROTECTION & FIREFIGHTINGThe Trelleborg solutionduring a full scale test


Active fire protection systems, such as the fire deluge system, are essential for on-board safety and are designed to activate either

mechanically or electronically in order to extinguishfires. As the risk of rapid fire spread is greater thanmost in the offshore and onshore oil and gasindustry, the fire deluge system needs to provide fullassurance to the on-board team that it will not failto deliver on any critical firewater or utility pipinginstallations.

Traditionally carbon steel-fabricated delugesystems have been installed to ensure on-boardsafety. However, these are prone to corrosion thatcan cause vital systems to fail. The result is that theindustry has suffered from costly shutdowns andrepairs, and in the worst case scenario, risk offailure in an emergency.

In addition, traditional systems also requireconstant maintenance, cleaning and testing, result-ing in additional unnecessary and costly downtimefor the facility.

Next Generation TechnologyThis has spurred the development of a new genera-tion of fire-deluge systems that use synthetic rubberinstead of traditional materials such as rigid steel,titanium, copper nickel and glass fibre piping.

By utilising synthetic rubber, leading manufac-turers have been able to create a system that is non-corroding and can withstand jet fires with aheat flux of 390kW/m2, temperatures above1250°C and flame speeds that exceed the speed ofsound. This makes it ideal in deluge and sprinklersystems on offshore oil and gas installationsand ships, as well as other hazardous environments.

This new technology can be used to either partlyor completely replace old systems and is alsoan ideal solution for temporary deluge systemswhen high safety levels need to be maintainedduring modification work to existing systems. Theflexibility of the system allows it to be moved andreused (if temporary). Compared with rigid pipesystems, it requires fewer construction drawingsand the need for accurate measurements is reducedas the system can be designed and modified on site.

Proven SolutionA recent example of how a traditional carbon steel-fabricated deluge system failed and wassuccessfully replaced by a new, synthetic rubberalternative, can be seen on Maersk’s FPSO Ngujima-Yin, a floating production storage and offloading(FPSO) vessel located in the Vincent Field offWestern Australia. The vessel commenced operationin 2008 and has a daily production capacity of120,000 barrels of oil and 100 million standardcubic feet of gas.

The existing carbon steel seawater deluge systembecame corroded only two years after installationand required a significant number of man hours tocarry out regular maintenance, cleaning and testing.A replacement was therefore required to reduce thelong-term cost of ensuring essential fire protectionat all times. The challenge with the installation wasto replace the existing fire deluge system through-out the FPSO modules, without affecting the safetyof the vessel as it continued output. The systemrequired approximately 1,600 metres of pipework,from 25mm to 200mm diameters, and associatedfittings and accessories.

Safely Does ItWith safety a key priority for the offshore oil and gas industry, ensuring safetyon-board any production facility is absolutely vital. Critical to delivering on-boardsafety is the fire deluge system, however, traditional carbon steel-fabricateddeluge systems are prone to corrosion when carrying saltwater, which canrestrict or even block flow as rust forms. Jan-Hugo Nilssen

Trelleborg Offshore

System ConsiderationsSeveral factors had to be considered prior to speci-fying a replacement system. As the FPSO is a liveproduction vessel, it must operate within a stringentset of safety regulations, requiring complete delugecoverage at all times. A temporary system wouldtherefore have to be rigged up while the existingpipes were removed and installation of the newsystem was undertaken.

Replacing a conventional deluge system requireshot work such as, welding, cutting, brazing, solder-ing, and grinding, which poses a number of issueswhen carried out on a live hydrocarbon facility. Anyactivity that generates heat, sparks, flames or otherpotential sources of ignition in an atmosphere thatmay be flammable, requires a hot work permit. Thisis only granted after an in-depth risk assessmentand also requires on-going monitoring. To secure apermit, it may be necessary to isolate part of thehydrocarbon systems on a vessel, shut down pro-duction modules or use special habitat equipment.As such, hot work is usually carried out only as alast resort.

A number of material options were considered,including rigid copper-nickel and flexible syntheticrubber. Copper nickel has an extensive field-provenrecord and is cheap to purchase. However, itrequires significant pre-fabrication and on-boardconstruction. In contrast, synthetic rubber is easierto install and can be bent to a radius equal to fivetimes its diameter, meaning it can negotiate minorclashes and obstructions as the installation progress-es, while maintaining its structural integrity.

Compared with rigid pipe systems, fewer detailedisometric construction drawings are required with asynthetic rubber system and the need for accuratemeasurements is reduced as it can be designed andmodified on site. This means a flexible syntheticrubber FPSO module deluge system can be installedin less than three months, while the installation timefor an equivalent typical rigid system would besignificantly longer.

Taking these factors into account, Maersk con-tracted Trelleborg Offshore to install its syntheticrubber Elastopipe corrosion-free fire safety delugesystem on the FPSO.

Corrosion-free ProtectionThe Trelleborg Offshore system was developed as aresult of both customer and industry feedback. Itsdesign incorporates three core layers: the fire shield,pressure liner and inner layer. These combine to givethe system high tolerance to impact, jet fire(1400°C for one hour), explosion and waterhammer. The system is light weight, durable, easyto cut, fit and install.

Compared with a conventional carbon steel-baseddeluge system, which will require more frequent test-ing and maintenance and need replacing at regularintervals over the lifetime of the platform or vessel,rubber deluge systems deliver a very low total lifecost. The flexible piping system offers a 30-yearminimum maintenance life and its corrosion-freeperformance means system testing frequency can bereduced to statutory requirements.

InstallationThe regulatory bodies governing deluge systems forFPSOs and similar structures did not have specificregulations to cover the flexible piping system, sothere were early enquiries from independent verifi-cation societies into its concept and feasibility. Forthe project to proceed, approval from a number of

national and industry authorities needed to beobtained. As the Maersk Ngujima-Yin is a Danishregistered FPSO, the Danish Maritime Organisation(DMO) had to approve the use of the flexible pipingsystem on-board the vessel.

National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority(NOPSA) approval was also required as the FPSOwas producing oil in Australian waters. Finally, theinstallation had to be approved by Lloyd’s Register,which classed the ship. All authorities involvedapproved the solution proposed.

The materials for the first module and the temp-orary deluge system were air freighted to Australiaand were on-board the vessel within a week. Thesystem, which comprises approximately 1600metres of flexible piping, titanium fittings, nozzles,pipe supports, valves and strainers, was pre-fabricat-ed on board the Maersk Ngujima-Yin. This includedcutting pipe runs to the required length and fittingthe necessary ancillary components.

The first installation on the M60 module required278 metres of flexible pipe and was completed in lessthan two weeks. The synthetic rubber-based flexiblepiping system was installed without any welding orother hot work, such as high speed cutting, whichcould compromise the safety of the vessel. Therubber was cut using a specialist hand-held pipecutter, while joints were made mechanically using air-operated hand tools and proprietary clips. With-out the risk of sparks or naked flames, productionand processing could continue unaffected.

A temporary Elastopipe deluge system for eachmodule was installed before the existing steel pipeswere removed and the permanent flexible pipework and fixings were completed. This methodensured that full fire protection was retainedthroughout the project.

The fast-track project was carried out by tenexpert rope-access pipe fitters and two supervisors.No lost time incidents (LTIs) were reported duringinstallation. The installation team worked indepen-dently, without disturbing activity on-board orimpacting production. The team implemented thefull scope of activity in full compliance with bothWoodside’s golden safety rules and Maersk’sdivisional management system that includes theMaersk permit to work system.

The flexibility and light weight of the delugesystem allowed very rapid installation, comparedwith a rigid pipe system, as it could be swiftlyconfigured to confined spaces. The first twomodules were completed in just a month and allseven modules were completed and full scale testedwithin three months, with no disruption to oil andgas production.

Providing Peace of MindSafety on offshore oil and gas installations is ofparamount importance and having an effective andreliable deluge system is vital to ensuring on-boardsafety.

With corrosion a real risk, steel-based systemsrequire regular maintenance and replacement that isnot only disruptive but also costly. In contrast, withproven advantages over metal and polymer rigidpipework, next generation systems that utilisesynthetic rubber, offer a 30-year minimum main-tenance life for fire deluge and sprinkler systems aswell as real lifetime cost savings. Due to their corro-sion-free performance, system testing frequency canbe reduced with confidence while maintaining full24/7 availability, giving peace of mind to all thoseon board. APF


SAFELY DOES ITOFFSHORE PROTECTION & FIREFIGHTING

For further information, go towww.trelleborg.com/Offshorewww.clearlyflowassured.com

Jan-Hugo Nilssen is SalesManager at TrelleborgOffshore


Bristol - A global force in firefighter protection

Introduction - Technical Structural Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) Wildland Firefighting Garments

Compatible PPE and Rescue Tools Emergency Services Ergoflex System

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD2 Penjuru Place, #01-05 Penjuru Tech Hub,

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http://www.bauergroup.comEmail: [email protected]

Mini Verticus III Series

The most advancedcompact unitsystem used in FireStations andVehicles.Thesystem can deliverair up to 250l/minand can beupgraded to fullyautomatic withrefrigeration dryerAir-Kool system,external filling panelas well as storagecylinders can beeasily fitted.

ContainmentFill Stations –Stationary andMobile

BAUER offers onlyindependentlytestedContainmentFill Stationswhich werefound toprotect theoperator fromoverpressure andfragmentation perNFPA 1901.

BAUER Pure Air

As market and technology leader in thefield of breathing air production,BAUER is fully aware of herresponsibilities and therefore started aworldwide information and qualitycampaign for a quality seal for pure and

safe breathing air according to DIN EN 12021 which is incooperation with TÜV.

PPE CLOTHING


In what could be termed a PACT between thefirefighter and his or her employer, thesefour elements are Protection, Agility,

Comfort and Trust. It will be a combi-nation of these four attributes

associated with their PPE that willprovide the firefighter with thehighest possible level of

wearer confidence and which,at the same time, will be the measure of a

responsible and caring employer.But, how do we define these four key elements in such a

way as to ensure that the full benefits of the PACT betweenemployer and employee are realised?

Protection is what is uppermost in our minds when welook at PPE – it goes to the heart of all personal protectiveequipment. It is measured independently against national,regional or international standards, devised and agreed byexperts in their field and empirically tested through the use ofrobust test procedures on a wide range of PPE. Here, we areparticularly concerned with the protection offered by firefighterclothing. By using the best available fibres woven into class-leadingfabrics, manufacturers are able to bring the protective qualities ofeach into multi-layered combinations that provided the primeprotective qualities required by the wearer in any given hazardoussituation.

Agility and comfort do have some aspects in common but, as faras the wearer is concerned, are different features. Agility focuses onthe desirability of having firefighters capable of being able to moveeasily and swiftly away from danger when working on the fire-ground, which requires clothing to be flexible and light enough toeffectively carry out rapid escapes, where necessary. Comfort, on theother hand, is achieved by providing coats and trousers that fit well,are shaped effectively to body contours, equally well for males andfemales, and the wearing of which provides the minimum of fatiguewhen worn for long periods.

Trust is the last element of the four and relates to the physical andperformance integrity of the clothing. By providing an integrated

FirefighterProtection

– Striking the RightBalanceThe current hot topic for debate among fire andrescue services, fibre, fabric and PPEmanufacturers and standards bodies is to whatextent wearer comfort should be a trade-offagainst safety. But are we right in thinking that

the two are in any way mutually exclusive? In fact,there is a strong case for arguing that for the

firefighters, who are, after all, the prime considerationin this debate, there are four key elements that we should be taking into accountwhen considering their overallhealth and safety.

Paul Gibson

Bristol Uniforms

managed service, manufac-turers can ensure that theperformance characteristics,present in any PPE when it is

new, remain intact through-out the service life of the

garments. Through reg-ular inspection, repair,washing and de-contamination, theprotective qualitiesof individual items ofclothing can beassured, which willinstil a level of trustamong firefighters inboth their garmentsand their employerswho will be seen to

have the safety of theiremployees as a highpriority.

Bristol’s PACT withfirefighters who weartheir PPE has developedover recent years fromthe introduction of theErgotech designs someten years ago, alongwith their lifetime man-aged services, to themost recent introductionof the innovative XFlex

designs. The basic principle,which takes comfort and flexibility to a new level,through the advanced design offering improvedarticulation at key body flex points combined witha range of Hainsworth ECO-dry thermal lineroptions, is now incorporated into a range of PPEincluding structural firefighting clothing as well asnew USAR kit and incident ground kit for thenation’s ambulance HARTs.

Internationally, the comfort and high perfor-mance features provided by Bristol’s ErgotechAction design were key factors in the decision ofAustralia’s Air Services ARFF to re-equip its 650firefighters, stationed at 21 of the country’s busiestairports, with Bristol’s PPE, which was deployed inearly 2010. PAC Fire, Bristol’s Australian distributor,worked closely with Bristol to submit a tenderbased on the lightweight ErgoTech Action designincorporating a Pbi Gold outer-layer with GoretexAirlock thermal and moisture barrier. A number ofchanges were introduced to the garment’sfeatures to make them ideal for Australian condi-tions, which enabled the two companies to securethe contract. The initial 1400 sets of fire coats andtrousers were chosen on a combination of factorsincluding the overall performance of the Bristolgarments, their certification to Australian standardAS4967 and the high total-heat-loss readings all ofwhich met the high specification set by ARFF.

In addition to the supply of the PPE, a fullycertified maintenance service will also be provided.PAC Fire has contracted a partner company, fullycertified by Bristol, to carry out repairs anddecontamination. All ARFF structural garments arefitted with an RFID computer chip that allowsARFF, PAC Fire and the contractor to monitor andcondition-code every garment throughout itsservice life.

Keith Ward, PAC Fire’s managing director said atthe time the new kit was brought into service:“ARFF is now one of the best PPE equipped firebrigades in Australia and should be congratulatedon its efforts to improve the level of personal pro-tection for its aviation firefighters deployed acrossthe country. ARFF now has a leading-edge technicalgarment that will serve it well for many years”.

Ivan Rich, Bristol’s Technical Manager andProject Leader for the planned new EuropeanStandard for firefighter technical rescue PPE,commented: “Following requests made by severalcountries in Europe, a new work item has beenagreed to develop a new European standard tocover technical rescue and other firefighteractivities excluding structural fire fighting. It isrecognised that in many cases firefighters havebeen over protected while carrying out theirduties. Overprotection has led to discomfort andfatigue, which has given the wearer a new hazardto consider.”

Dave Matthews, who chairs and leads on allBSI, CEN and ISO Protective Clothing Committeesimpacting firefighters, commented: “In theEuropean Union (CEN) and International (ISO)Standards Committees responsible for firefightersPPE, comfort, thermal protection, compatibilityand physiological aspects are now uppermost instandards writers’ minds. How we best addressthese matters is always going to be a compromiseof thermal protection versus comfort. The qualityPPE manufacturers are continually striving forinnovative solutions and comfort and physiologyare now testing their R & D. prEN 469, whichsuccessfully passed its First Enquiry ballot by 17votes to two, will now see a Physiological Annexinserted as an Annex. This wasprepared by myself and LeedsUniversity. Under my CENcommittee for Heat and FlameProtective Clothing TC 162WG2, I have appointeda Project Group led byDave Frodsham ofW. L. Gore to assessthe problem andmake recommen-dations on theAnnex. I fullyexpect improve-ments to bemade during thenext CEN ballotstage”.

He added, “Iwould wish toremind PPE manu-facturers that, in fact,firefighters are humanbeings and dressingthem in relativelyheavy PPE and send-ing them into a veryhot humid environ-ment leads to sweat-ing, a natural methodof the body to attemptto cool itself. We will onlyever go so far, and this isthe balance we strive toachieve”. APF


FIREFIGHTER PROTECTION – STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCEPPE CLOTHING

For further information, go towww.bristoluniforms.com

Paul Gibson is InternationalSales Manager at BristolUniforms

Holmatro | Rescue equipmentT +31 162 58 92 00 | [email protected] | www.holmatro.com

Holmatro

PowerShore™

One system for shoring

and heavy lifting

Up to 10.1 tons load/

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The power to save lives

EXTRICATION TRAININGFilming approach andshut down procedureson a hybrid. Pic courtesyof B. Crittenden andAction Training Systems


Global sales of hybrid vehicles topped 4.5million as of December 2011 with ToyotaMotor Company leading the pack. Hybrid

cars are now available in 80 countries and regions.Consumer demand for “green” vehicles is alsopropelling fast-growing sales of vehicles with all-electric propulsion systems, such as the NissanLeaf, and “extended-range” electric vehiclescarrying a small fuel tank, such as the Chevy Volt.New government standards in many countriesrequiring greater fuel efficiency and reducedemissions in vehicles will force the auto industryforward in hybrid and electric technology for theforeseeable future.

All late-model vehicles now carry hardened steel

materials that may defy older-generation hydrauliccutters. Teams that are not prepared to cut orwork around advanced steel may not be able toextricate injured patients in time to save their lives.

“The challenges presented to rescue respondersby petrol-electric hybrid vehicles is increasing as alarger number of these vehicles are encounteredon the streets,” says Ron Moore, retired battalionchief and training director for the McKinney FireDepartment in Texas, USA and author of twobooks on vehicle extrication. In addition to hiswriting, Moore is known for delivering hands-onextrication training. He is also a strong proponentof multimedia computer-based training in vehicleextrication because the opportunities for hands-on

Get ExtricationTraining Up toSpeed with NewVehicleTechnologySurging sales of hybrid and electric vehicles point to a pressing need for updatedtraining to prepare rescuers to respond to crashes involving these types ofvehicles. To meet the challenges on today’s roads, rescuers also need knowledgeof advanced steel used in auto manufacturing and techniques for extricatingpatients using only hand tools.Pat West

Action Training Systems

training with new model vehicles are all-too rare.“Although hands-on skills training is the back-

bone of vehicle rescue training for proficiency, ourability to train on new model vehicles with uniquefeatures is limited,” asserts Moore. “This is wheremultimedia training comes in. Through this kind oftraining methodology, responders can becomefamiliar with new technologies and train untilcomfortable encountering a crash-damagedvehicle or a unique challenge that they have nothad experience in handling in the real world.”

For the past year, Moore has been working withAction Training Systems, Inc., a US-based publisherof international multimedia training materials forfirst responders, to help generate new instruction-al materials on hybrid and electric vehicles andother topics in vehicle extrication. In 2012, ActionTraining Systems will update its vehicle extricationseries, originally published in 2006, with inputfrom Moore and three other technical consultants:Randy Schmitz, a Calgary, Canada vehicle extrica-tion specialist and International Association of FireFighters (IAFF) Calgary firefighter; Jeff Pugh, afounding member and lead instructor for thePuyallup Extrication Team based in Puyallup,Washington, USA; and Matt Stroud, a formermaster technician for Toyota and instructor forMGS Tech in Seattle, Washington.

Action Training Systems’ vehicle extricationtraining materials will be expanded with three newprograms: Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, AdvancedSteel, and Hand-Tools Only. The original sevenprograms in the series – Incident Overview,Stabilisation, Hazard Control and Safety, InitialProcedures, Door and Sidewall Procedures, Roofand Trunk Procedures, and Interior Procedures –are also being updated. All programs will be avail-able on DVD, CBT (computer-based training), andPowerPoint formats for use in classroom trainingand independent student study.

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles“Hybrid cars, SUVs, vans, and now even trucksand buses are a reality,” points out Moore. “Thereare definitely certain steps to take to properly

manage the situation and there are several actionsthat responders should not take at a hybrid vehicleincident. For example, touching any exposedelectrical components or wires on a crash-damaged hybrid or electric vehicle before thevehicle’s power system is shut down could causesevere burns or electrocution.”

Hybrid and electric passenger vehicles normallyhave two electrical systems: the familiar 12-voltbattery system that provides low-voltage power,and a high-voltage system to propel electricmotors. The heart of the high-voltage system is aNiMH or lithium-ion battery pack typically storing240 volts to 650 volts. Vehicle manufacturersdesign many redundant safety features to isolatethe high voltage to the battery in a crash, butrescuers should not assume safety features willfunction as designed in damaged vehicles.

The new Action Training Systems’ Hybrid andElectric Vehicles program provides an overview ofthe propulsion systems used in hybrid, electric andextended-range “plug-in” vehicles and showsstudents common components and systems.Firefighters demonstrate a standard seven-stepprocedure for approach and power shutdown thatcan be used at any accident scene.

Incorporating hybrid and electric vehicles intodaily response procedures is important becauseresponders initially may not realise the vehicle theyare responding to is a hybrid or electric vehicle.Badges on the body might not be evident on acrash-damaged vehicle and some manufacturersare making hybrid versions of what were previouslyconventionally fuelled models. The program alsoshows common alternative shutdown proceduresfor situations when the ignition or keys cannot beaccessed to power down the vehicle’s high-voltagesystem before beginning extrication operations.

The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Admin-istration issued new guidelines in January 2012 toupdate rescuers’ response procedures for crashes


The Hi-Lift FirstResponder jack. Piccourtesy of B. Crittendenand Action TrainingSystems

GET EXTRICATION TRAINING UP TO SPEEDEXTRICATION TRAINING

“Tenting the roof” using the Hi-Lift FirstResponder jack. Pic courtesy of B. Crittendenand Action Training Systems

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involving electric and hybrid vehicles. NHTSA’s“interim guidelines” focus on mitigating hazardsfor crashes in which the high-voltage batterysystem is compromised or involved in fire. NHTSAissued the guidelines following its investigationinto the causes of a fire involving a Chevy Volt at aNHTSA research facility. The agency determinedthat the Volt’s lithium-ion battery system ignitedseveral days after it was damaged in crash-testing.Although there have been no reports of fires ofthe Chevy Volt or any other electric vehicle follow-ing real-world crashes, according to NHTSA, high-voltage batteries (particularly the lithium-iontype) damaged in a crash do present the hazard of“immediate or delayed release of toxic and/orflammable gases and fire.”

The new Hybrid and Electric Vehicles programwill incorporate NHTSA’s warning signs of a high-voltage battery fire (leaking fluids, gurgling noises,sparks, unusual odours and bubbling soundscoming from the high-voltage battery compart-ment) as well as appropriate response procedures.

“Through this update to the extrication series,rescue personnel are provided with the mostcurrent, state-of-the-art information available,”says Moore. “The program explains what thesenew vehicles are, how they are similar or differfrom our experience and how to safely and effi-ciently manage these vehicles in fires or collisions.”

Advanced SteelAdvanced steel is another topical subject forvehicle extrication teams in a new program in thevehicle extrication series. This new category ofultra-high strength steels (UHSS), such as Boronand Martensite, are now commonly used in vehiclemanufacturing to protect passengers in a crash.Advanced steel can be up to ten times strongerthan the mild steel rescuers routinely cut throughwith any hydraulic cutter. UHSS steels require

new-generation hydraulic cutting tools and specialtechniques.

The Advanced Steel program presents anoverview of types of steel used in auto manu-facturing and where rescuers will encounter thematerial in newer vehicles. Firefighters demon-strate techniques for cutting advanced steel withhydraulic cutters – both older hydraulic cutters andnew cutter technology –and “work-around”techniques that crews can use to complete asuccessful extrication even if advanced-steel-capable cutters are not available.

Hand-tools OnlyHydraulic tools are a vital component of anextrication team’s equipment cache. Nevertheless,training to extricate patients without them is animportant concept for vehicle extrication teams toembrace.

Calgary’s extrication specialist Randy Schmitzsays rescuers should not become over-reliant ontheir hydraulic tools. “If your hydraulic pump fails,the cutter blades break, or if the tips of yourspreader arms fracture, you are ‘dead in the water’without a back-up plan such as hand tools.”Schmitz has served as a judge in recent Trans-portation Emergency Rescue Committee (TERC)international extrication competitions, whichinclude hand-tools only events.

Even if hydraulics are available, they may not bethe best tool for the job. Puyallup Extrication Team’sJeff Pugh provided input for Hi-Lift Jack Company todesign the First Responder Jack, a new version ofthe jack designed specifically for the needs of rescueoperations. Among the new features of the jack is abase that is larger than that of a standard Hi-Liftjack, providing increased stability for lifting, winch-ing, pushing and pulling. In certain situations, themanual jack is superior to hydraulics, Pugh claims.

Pugh is also a lieutenant with Central Pierce Fire& Rescue in Washington State where he recentlyresponded to just such a situation during a storm.“We had a vehicle in a ravine in a precarious situa-tion involving water,” recalls Pugh. “Just gettinghydraulics down into the ravine would have beenlabour intensive. In this case, we were able to getthe First Responder Jack to the scene immediatelyto extricate those people.”

In today’s economy, budgets for fire-rescueorganizations have never been tighter. Low-cost,reliable hand tools may be the only option forsome rescue teams.

The BasicsKnowledge of the fundamentals in vehicleextrication is just as important to rescue teams askeeping pace with new technologies and materialsin auto manufacturing. Every rescuer should knowthe basics in how to size-up the scene, incidentmanagement, stabilisation and as many ways aspossible to access the patient by removingwindows, doors, the roof, impinging objects in theinterior, and through trunk tunnelling. Theseevolutions are demonstrated in the original sevenVehicle Extrication series titles.

When patients are injured and trapped inside ofa vehicle, rescue crews are under tremendouspressure to get the patient out of the vehicle tomedical care, especially if the patient is not stable.If they do not have the required training to get thevictim out, the results can be devastating. APF


Accessing the trunk of ahybrid. Pic courtesy of B. Crittenden and ActionTraining Systems

GET EXTRICATION TRAINING UP TO SPEEDEXTRICATION TRAINING

For further information, go towww.action-training.com

Pat West is ContentDeveloper at Action TrainingSystems

In a perfect world, Plan A works, and the sprinklersystem puts out the fire. Before I am accused ofblowing this out of proportion, this does work in

the vast majority of emergencies. But sometimes it does not, especially in construction projectswhere such systems may not be fully operational,and the Shanghai Fire Department wanted to beprepared. In the words of our metallurgist, RobertAllen, “A test is worth a thousand expertopinions.” The problem is that tests are hard tocome by.

Shanghai has many high rise constructionprojects, some in excess of 100 stories. Such build-ings are becoming more commonplace, while eventaller ones are being built around the world. TheShanghai construction company worked with usto conduct studies that cannot usually be doneonce a building is in operation.

During the construction of this building, astructure with an approximate height of 250meters, we were allowed to conduct tests to verifythe response ability in extreme conditions. I amarbitrarily defining ‘extreme’ as anything over the14th floor. That is a rule of thumb I have heard.

In the United States, automotive vehicles with pumps are generally rated up to 250 psi (~17 bar), according to the standard published bythe National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA 1901).This pressure will allow flows to approximately 178 meters, with no pressure remaining and noallowance for friction loss. If you allow 100 psi (7 bar) for a usable nozzle pressure, an NFPA 1901pump can push water up 150 psi (10 bar), or

about 100 metres and still have workablepressures. Thirty stories at best.

So when the unthinkable happens, and firesrage uncontrolled at stories far above our range ofreaction, what do we do? It starts with homework.

Fire districts should assess their areas and planfor the unthinkable. It is not pretty, but first wereviewed some recent history. The Philadelphia fireat One Meridian Plaza was a teaching experience.My colleague, Robert Tutterow, has some excellentarticles on some of the difficulties of fighting firesin high rise structures that I would urge you tocheck out.

The tests we performed involved specialisedequipment and custom built apparatus. Not alldepartments are equipped to do what Shanghaidid, nor do they need to, though new responseideas are evolving.

Compressed air foam is a concept I have beenvoicing since it was developed. Our calculationsindicated a usable stream on the top floor withonly 175 psi at ground level. Compressed air foambubbles are lighter than water, and regular rules of thumb do not apply due to that. Whilecompressed air foam bubbles are lighter andcontain less water, the fact that one could moveany water to such a height would be significant.The Shanghai Fire Department, while familiar withcompressed air foam, did not want to rely solelyon it for their pumping requirements. They wantedto move water to such a height – plain water – incase the compressed air foam system failed insome way. This required special equipment.


Reaching Greater

Michael C. Ruthy

W.S. Darley & Co

High rise skyscrapers present particularly difficult firefighting challenges. Recenttests conducted by the Shanghai Fire Department, in conjunction with our DarleyChina Team, have shown remarkable solutions to some of those challenges.

HIGH-RISE PUMPING

We built the test truck with these operationalrequirements in mind. In order to pump water thishigh, the pump would need to produce 600 psi,or about 42 bar. In order to minimise frictionlosses at reasonable flow rates, a special 75mmhose was located that could operate at these highpressures. Once charged to 100 stories, the watercolumn of such a deployment exerts tremendouspressure at ground level, even when operationsare ceased. Draining the hose lines is a serioussafety concern.

To prepare for this situation, Darley, DarleyChina, and the Shanghai Fire Department workedtogether to utilise a special wye valve that couldoperate at the required operating pressures (42 bar)and provide for a means to drain these lines with-out danger to the firefighters or to the equipment.

The discharge hose was deployed vertically upthe outside of the structure to its top floor, withspecial precautions taken to ensure no connec-tions would come loose. A loose 75mm hosedischarging at 42 bar could pose serious risks, andeven supporting the hose was a concern. 75mmNH connections were used as similarly sized Stortzconnections were not available in the pressurerange required.

A two-stage pump was employed to deliver thehigh pressure at reasonable engine speeds. Onceeverything was deployed, the pump was startedup, and within minutes, two nozzles were dis-charging at the top floor. The result was a successin that it proved ‘Proof of Concept’, though alladmit in an actual fire scene, such a deploymentcould prove difficult. Access to the upper floorsmay be compromised, and having the properequipment available to attempt such a knockdown would be an obvious issue. Deployment ofthis equipment would require significant man-power and time, during which the fire couldescalate. That said, being able to do so, even in acontrolled environment, gave the Shanghai FireDepartment encouragement that they had atested way to attack such fires.

There are other means available to jurisdictionsthat may need to respond to such fires, thoughagain, I must stress the importance of beingprepared. Such resources must be identified aheadof time and plans developed for how they mightbe used. One such system is an almost unbeliev-able concept: The Helicopter Pumper.

This concept is not new, and is actually beingsold in several countries. As radical as it sounds, ahelicopter equipped with about 2,500 litres ofwater and an engine driven pump, in this case anaircraft quality Rotax engine with 64 HP (50kW),can present amazing firefighting capabilities and isproven technology. Helicopters can rise far furtherthan fire departments can pump, and can directthe water stream into the building with more flexi-bility and speed than a deployed line can allow.Our OEM customer, Kanrus Co. in Kansas, USA, isspecialised in this type of response, for both highrise applications and forestry needs, among others.Several videos on the internet are available to gainsome familiarity in how these systems might beused. There is a lot of potential to their approach.

Finally, I would like to draw attention to a classof new products that are currently coming avail-able to the market: drone or remote controlledsurveillance aircraft. Such equipment was availablefor demonstration at last year’s fire show in Leipzig(Interschutz 2010) and has been increasing incapabilities ever since.

Several manufacturers now make such devices.Some of these are adaptations of toys, which Icould not recommend. Some devices are highlyengineered specifically for the fire service andcould suit multiple purposes.

Most consist of a small remote helicopter design,perhaps one- meter in diameter, which can relay fireground information back to the command post inreal time. Many are equipped with sophisticatedinstrumentation and capabilities. A drone helicoptercan fly to any story of a high rise building, and withinfra-red cameras, determine which floors are indanger. Similarly, it could improve rescue efforts forlost hikers in a forest. The type we have shown canbe equipped with not only HD live video, butthermal imaging, radiation and hazmat detection,and a host of other features. Many manufacturersoffer products like these, with various levels ofsophistication to suit a department’s needs.

With built in stability control (units will maintaintheir location, through GPS, within about a one-meter radius, unattended), ‘come home’ capabilities(one touch return or a ‘low battery’ signal flies itback the operator the way it came), and a viewingeyepiece to direct flight and observation with onlya turn of the operator’s head, I predict these willbecome indispensable tools for firefighting inmany applications. We have demonstrateddistances as far as five kilometres and heightsbeyond the tallest skyscraper yet to be built. Itmight not be able to fight the fire, but knowingwhere the fire lies is information to be used.

The world is getting taller. Cities are gettingtaller. Physics is not changing, though how wefight fires is. We need to adapt our responseprocedures for the new conditions confronting us.Fortunately, we have solutions available thatwould have been ludicrous even a decade ago.Jurisdictions with high rise buildings have newtools with which to prepare for the unthinkable.After looking at what Shanghai has done,preparation is the key tool. APF


Heights

REACHING GREATER HEIGHTS HIGH-RISE PUMPING

For further information, go towww.darley.com

Michael C. Ruthy is VicePresident of Engineering atWS Darley Company’s PumpDivision

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USAR TECHNIQUES


@fire International Disaster Response Ger-many is a recognised non-profit organisa-tion, which specialises in the fields of

wildland firefighting and search and rescue of vic-tims after earthquakes. @fire´s Urban Search andRescue (USAR) team is available at all times andhas an expected time of arrival (ETA) of 36 hoursafter an event occurs to make an immediate starton the search and rescue activities.

To enable a standard to be established for thework, and to ensure effectiveness and task organi-sation of the USAR teams, the International Searchand Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) was foundedin 1991 under the umbrella of the United Nations.In line with INSARAG guidelines, @fire hasestablished a unit with the capacity defined as“medium”. This requires the @fire team not only tobe able to support itself for up to ten days in a civildisaster environment, but also to work in confinedspaces and penetrate concrete walls and ceilings inorder to rescue injured people. The team is trainedto also perform adequate medical treatment.

To build an effective SAR Team – a team thatcan make a difference between life and death forentrapped people – highly skilled and motivated

personnel are needed that have day-to-dayexperience in responding to emergencies of allkind, plus they need three things: training; tools;and team spirit.

TrainingThe @fire approach to USAR Training is based on: 1 Nearly all members are active professional or

volunteer firefighters in their communities withyears of experience. This includes training fortechnical rescue, SCBA and Hazmat. Some arealso trained as paramedics. Every @fire USARteam member can perform a multitude of roles,so the team size can be kept small.

2 On top of this, @fire provides specialised trainingfor international deployments. Every memberhas to go through 20 hours of basic training ininternational organisations, cultural awareness,personal hygiene, communications, safety andsecurity, and base-camp operations.

3 After this basic training, every future memberof the USAR team has to attend a 40-hourUSAR technician’s course that includes basicshoring, breaching and breaking, rope rescueand search operations.

USAR: Be PreparedEvery year a number of earthquakes occur all over the world, causing massivedamages and loss of life. The dimensions of these catastrophes quickly exceedthe possibilities and capacities of many nations to generate quick and sufficienthelp. Especially when it comes to rescuing trapped victims, time is a key factor asthe chances of surviving decline rapidly as every hour passes.Jan Suedmersen

@fire InternationalDisaster ResponseGermany

4 After completing basic training, a variety ofcourses are on offer to obtain special qualifica-tions, such as: search specialist, shoringspecialist, USAR command, logistics specialist,heavy rigging, and swift-water rescue. In addi-tion, a number of members who are specialisedin their local fire departments, in such as divingand confined space operations, add thoseabilities to our portfolio of competences.Because all of our members are volunteers and

training has to be done in their free time, coursesare very concentrated. All theoretical lessons aregiven to the attendees as pre-course work that willbe tested at the beginning of the course. The courseitself is mostly hands-on training and exercises.

To provide a state-of-the-art training underfinancial limitations following rules are adhered to:● Training must be very demanding; the level of

difficulty should be higher than is likely to beexperienced in real situations.

● Training must be safe. It is very common world-wide to use abandoned or wrecked buildingsfor training purposes, but there are situationsyou just cannot simulate in a safe way in thesebuildings.

● Training should be reproducible to enable mis-takes to be worked on and give the attendantsthe chance to make it better next time.

● Training should enhance the cooperation withinthe team. Teamwork along with crew resourcemanagement is another essential key tosuccess, as the rescue work is carried out underenormous pressure, in a hostile environment,and with limited personnel.Two examples to illustrate our approach to

training:

Example: Structural Collapse Rescue SimulatorThe structural collapse rescue simulator was devel-oped by Paratech and @fire for demonstrationpurposes at Interschutz 2010 exhibition in Leipzig,Germany. After the event it was dismantled andrebuilt at the @fire training centre.

The simulator is modular and its design can bechanged easily, to simulate a confined space,where the rescuer can be confronted with thefollowing obstacles:

● Concrete wall.● Wooden wall.● Brick wall.● Armchair, washing machine or television set.

The rescuer has to cut, breach or break throughit vertically or horizontally – cutting through ahigh-quality leather armchair is far more challeng-ing than one might think! Additionally, one part ofthe simulator’s tunnel system has a movable base,seated on rollers. This floor has to be lifted andshored from the inside. This can be done withwooden shoring or a shoring system, but the useof a shoring system is much faster and is muchmore flexible.

The side walls are made of Plexiglas, soinstructors can observe the whole operation fromclose-up and provide valuable feedback to thetrainee.

Example: Handling of Heavy LoadsInspired by the training done by FEMA-USARteams, several heavy concrete obstacles are incor-porated that have to be manoeuvred through,under or above. The heaviest of these objects iscalled “Big Moe”, which weighs two tonnes.

To make the task more difficult, no power-driven devices are allowed, just manual tools suchas manual jacks. To enhance teamwork, different“race tracks” are created so two or more teamscan compete against the clock.

ToolsThe efficiency of Urban Search and Rescue opera-tions is mainly a question of having the right tools.But, as in every fire and rescue operation, the toolshave to follow the tactics. This is particulars so ininternationally-operating USAR team, where thework will mainlybe in voids in concrete buildings.The tools have to be:

MobileRemember. there will no big shiny fire truckfrom which you can jump and start to work.Every single tool has to be airlifted and broughtto the scene by any possible means includinghelicopters, military trucks, pick-up trucks, horsecarriage and – if everything fails – by carrying it.


USAR: BE PREPAREDUSAR TECHNIQUES

Fon: +49 9131 698-0 www.lukas.com

Invariably the team will up-load and unload the entire equipment four times, so everykilogramm counts.

EfficientThe biggest tools are not always the best tools.They should be able to be held and operated in aconfined space for a lengthy period of time. Theyshould not produce too much vibration or dust,while still quickly cutting, breaching or lifting.And how these tools are driven has to be thoughtabout. A concrete chainsaw with a small fuel-driven engine cannot be operated for a longperiod in an enclosed buildings. Electrical orhydraulic devices are mostly lighter, but need theirown generator or pump outside the building.

ReliableTools have to function in circumstances that are adesigner’s nightmare. If they fail, the wholeoperation will fail. So, reliable tools are essentialand, if possible, back-up key tools should beavailable.There are many ways in which the tool cache

can be structured and I would suggest to followthe INSARAG guidelines. Within these guidelines,the INSARAG external classification checklist clear-ly describes what is expected from the team andits tools). More detailed, but only a suggestion isANNEX I: Suggested USAR Team Equipment List.

From the IEC checklist, the tools needed for res-cue operations can be considered as one of thefive elements of a USAR Team (the others beingmanagement, logistics, search, and medical), inline with the essential capabilities of a USAR Team:1 Cut, break and breach through concrete walls,

floors, columns and beams, structural steel,reinforcing bars, timber and building contentsusing “dirty” techniques (allowing debris to fallinto the void space) or “clean” techniques(preventing debris to fall into the void space).

Typical tools for dirty techniques are sledge


hammers, hand-held electric and gas saws withdiamond blades, combi-hammers and breakers.@fire is using Hilti DCH 300 diamond cuttersand TE 706 and TE 1500 hammers performingthe “Chess” technique.

At the moment, we are evaluating a Lukasconcrete crusher to make rapid and “dirtyentry. Clean Techniques can be done withconcrete chain saws and/or diamond coringsystems

2 Rigging, lifting and moving of structuralconcrete columns and beams as part of a de-layering operation utilising pneumatic lifting equipment, hydraulic lifting equipment,winches, hand tools or a crane (and possiblyother heavy machinery).

For lifting, we are using hydraulic tools likethe Lukas SC 350 E, airbags with a manualpump – as normally you cannot airliftpressurised equipment – and Habegger thatcomes in different sizes.

3 Conduct stabilisation operations of structuralelements as follows:● Cribbing and wedges.● Window/door stabilisation.● Vertical stabilisation.● Diagonal stabilisation.● Horizontal stabilisation

Beside tools to build wooden shoring, @firehas a modular shoring system to build interiorrescue shoring.

4 Technical rope capability to construct and utilisea vertical raising and lowering system and toconstruct a system that allows for the move-ment of a load (including victims) from a highpoint laterally to a safe point below. Thisrequires a set of rope rescue equipment thatshould be very easy to use.

Another important tool consideration ispersonal equipment. Our personal items atrescue o perations comprise:

First-Line Gear (Stuff you should always havewith you):● Protective gear: suit, helmet, gloves, breathing

apparatus, masks, knee protectors and workboots.

● Folding knife or multi-tool.● Small flashlight.● Examination gloves.● Hi-energy snack.● Pen and notepad.● Official-looking identity card.● Personal items such as a copy of your ID,

money and medication.

Second Line Gear (Search & Recon Missions):Second Line gear is used if search and rescueteams are sent out for area reconnaissance, assess-ment and light search and rescue operations. Theyare very mobile, only have a light tool cache withthem, such as forcible entry tools, manualhydraulic combi tools and rescue saws. Theyshould have the capability to be operatedindependantly when away from the base camp for24 hours● Load-bearing vest with numerous pockets,

customised for your function within the team.● Hydration bladder. ● Pens, markers and grease pencil.● Weather-proof notepad.

● Field operations guide.● Safety glasses and wipe rag.● Safety goggles.● Half-mask respirator.● Flashlight.● Multi-colour, high-intensity chemical light sticks.● Disposable ear plugs.● Small, personal first-aid kit.● Snack food, such as energy bars.● Food Rations for 24 hours.● Spare batteries for your head lamp, lights, GPS

unit, etc.● Compass.● Zip ties.● Mini roll of duct tape.● 15-metre-long parachute cord.● Travel-size roll of toilet paper.● Hand sanitiser.● Sunscreen.● Lip balm. APF


USAR: BE PREPARED USAR TECHNIQUES

For further information, go towww.at-fire.de andwww.lukas.de

Jan Suedmersen is a USARspecialist with @fireInternational DisasterResponse Germany

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MINE VEHICLE FIRES


Mining contributes significantly to Australia’sgross domestic product and is responsiblefor the country’s largest export revenue.

Australia is the world’s largest exporter of coal,iron ore, lead, diamonds, rutile, zinc and zir-conium, the second largest exporter of gold anduranium, and the third largest exporter ofaluminium. By any measurement or internationalcomparison, it is big business; of the world’sdeveloped countries, only Canada and Norway canpossibly lay claim to mining being such a signifi-cant part in the economy.

In addition to its importance in earning overseasdollars – mostly from eastern Asia – Australianmined coal, for example, is used to generate thenation’s electricity; coal is used to produce about85 percent of Australia’s electricity production.

Australia has mining activity in all of its statesand territories. Particularly significant areas todayinclude the Goldfields, Peel and Pilbara regions ofWestern Australia, the Hunter Valley in New SouthWales, the Bowen Basin in Queensland andLatrobe Valley in Victoria, along with various partsof the outback. Mining towns with such iconicnames as Kalgoorlie, Mount Isa, Mount Morgan,Broken Hill and Coober Pedy are known across theworld. Australia’s high labour costs and world-

class safety standards, its distinctive geology, andthe importance placed on mining research bysuccessive governments and businesses has meantthat the Australian mining sector is among themost technologically advanced to be foundanywhere in the world.

The Mine Fire ChallengeThe consequences of a fire in a mine – above orbelow ground – can be catastrophic, and theremoteness of the majority of mining operations inAustralia makes regular fire risk assessment, fireprevention, fire protection, fire suppression andevacuation procedures critically important in termsof both life safety and asset protection. While,understandably, much of mine managements’attention is focused on below ground protection,utilising large-scale fixed engineered fire systemsfor the production-intensive mining operations,possibly less evident fire risks also have to be giventhe same level of diligent attention.

One important area that demands dedicatedfire protection is the specialised plant, monstermineral-moving vehicles such as ore haulers,draglines, haul trucks, dozers and shovels onwhich mining and mineral extraction operationsdepend. Not only is this equipment extremely

Mining VehicleFiresIf a mining vehicle falls victim to the ravages of fire, the cost of repair orreplacement and the downtime while awaiting delivery of a replacement vehiclecan have a serious impact on production schedules. But dedicated systems areavailable to protect the vehicle and safeguard the operator.Bob Grieve

Delta Fire Australasia

expensive to replace with a considerable deliverylead time – such equipment can often takes manymonths to replace – extensive downtime and busi-ness interruption, in the event of a fire there is alsoa very real life safety threat to the equipmentoperator. This machinery demands extraordinary,specialist protection to provide fire suppression forthe equipment and a thermal barrier to protectand the operator’s skin and clothing from heat,fire and flame.

Vehicle Fire ProtectionThe size of these machines means that, in manycases, if no fire detection / suppression system isinstalled the vehicle operator may not be aware ofa fire until it is well advanced. Additionally, theprecise nature of the fire hazard that these mineralmoving vehicles present has to be carefully consid-ered if the detection and suppression solution is tooffer the maximum protection. Many operatevirtually around the clock, 24 hours a day, sevendays a week in what can only be described as anaggressive environment, generating considerableheat from the engine blocks, manifolds, tur-bochargers, and the vehicle’s breaking systems.The vehicles also have to contend with high ambi-ent temperatures, intense temperature variationsin the engine compartment and near constant andsubstantial vibration.

In addition to the vehicle’s fuel and the risk offuel line ruptures, fire safety means taking intoaccount any number of flammable liquids presentthroughout the engine compartment. Theseinclude hydraulic, brake, automatic transmissionand power steering fluids, along with combustibleaccumulated grease on the engine block, forwhich frayed or damaged electrical wiring caneasily provide the ignition source.

In fact, the Australian Standard, AS5062-2006(Fire protection for mobile and transportableequipment) specifies that a risk assessment beundertaken in conjunction with stake holders,such as OEMs, mine management, operators,

maintainers of the equipment and suppliers of firesuppression equipment to ensure that risks areidentified for all facets of the machine and itsenvironment.

Experience worldwide has shown that one ofthe most effective ways of dealing with thisunique set of challenges is to use tested and Listedpre-engineered system such as the Amerex “VF”DCP system or the Ansul A-101 DCP vehicle firesuppression system.

The Amerex “VF” system is a specially-developed vehicle fire protection system thatutilises linear or spot detection devices that alert acontrol module. This control module in turn alertsthe vehicle operator that a fire has been detectedand subsequently activates a fire suppressionsystem. Heat from the fire activates the linear orspot detection devices that are located strategicallythroughout the “at risk” areas of the vehicle; thecontrol module immediately sounds its integralalarm and, after a pre-set time delay period, thecontrol module actuates the fire suppressionsystem. The system can also be operated manually.

The suppressant agent storage cylinders arepressurised using nitrogen (N) expellant gascartridges. Specially developed dry chemicalextinguishing agent is expelled from the storagecylinders via a network of distribution hosesleading to the per-identified fire prone areas.Discharge nozzles direct the suppression agent.

Another option is the foam fire suppressionsystems that are used extensively throughoutAustralia and Asia. These systems are available inboth engineered and pre-engineered designs. Forexample, pre-engineered systems such as theChubb vehicle suppression system, like many ofthose on the market, use pre-set parameters forthe distribution of pipework and nozzles.Engineered systems such as the ETI Fire Systemsoffering use a calculated approach using a sophis-ticated software and risk assessment process. TheAFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foams) foam providescooling of hot components and reduces the


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chance of re-ignition and is able to cover fuel spillsthat may occur under the vehicle. Options havebeen designed to allow various levels of pro-tection, from fully automatic detection andsuppression systems with full engine shut downand cab monitoring, to simple suppression-only

systems with manual actuation.Other benefits of the system include flexible

siphon tubes for horizontal cylinder mounting,reinforced extra strong brackets with the smallestpossible space demand, and larger capacitycylinders with higher flow valves.


MINE VEHICLE FIRES

Ensuring Operator SafetyFires in off-highway vehicles such as mineralmoving vehicles can quickly engulf the enginecompartment and either threaten directly the lifeof the vehicle operator or cut off his or her escaperoute as the flames spread via the wheel arches orignited fuel spillage.

To overcome this high-risk challenge, many nowconsider it essential to install a solution thatprovides direct personal protection for theoperator, providing life-enabling time to escapeand protected egress route options.

Such a system is Delta Fire Australasia’s ArcticFire TES system, designed to increase the level ofoperator safety and reduce fire damage to off-road vehicles that operate in and around moltenmetals. It uses a liquid fire extinguishing agent thatemulsifies and cools heated materials more quicklythan water or ordinary foam, and has alreadybecome widely adopted in the steel industrywhere it is used for protecting smelting-operationpot carriers that transport superheated materials.

The system is designed to disperse the suppres-sion agent throughout the cabin area, spraying thevehicle operator from above and below. Thisreduces the heat and smoke in the cabin area aswell as minimising the prospect of injury shouldthe emergency necessitate the operator having toexit the vehicle. The liquid fire suppression agentknocks down the flame, reduces smoke, eliminatesheat and cools superheated objects and surfaces.Objects wetted with the agent will not supportcombustion and are protected from heat andflame. Most significantly, the agent is non-corrosive, non-staining and is safe when sprayeddirectly onto the vehicle operator.

An “escape component” is part of the solution,incorporating an escape hood and exit path spray.The escape hood withstands temperatures of upto 1000°C for a short period of time to enable the vehicle’s operator to safety exit when in closeproximity to excessive heat or flames. The exit pathsuppression agent spray is designed to provide a“corridor” to allow the operator to exit thevehicle. In addition to providing operator safety,this system can also be used to provide firesuppression for engine compartments and areassusceptible to damage from radiant heat. A tyrespray component option can be installed that willwet the rubber tyres of the vehicle, extending tyrelife by reducing the damage caused by charringand flame contact.

The Cost EquationWith heavy mining plant easily topping the milliondollar mark, the cost of fitting effective firedetection and suppression to new equipment orretro-fitting it to existing plant is miniscule.Certainly, the risk of fire is not high, but theconsequences are significant. It can surely be onlya matter of a few hours downtime following a firebefore the cost of lost production exceeds the firedetection and suppression installation cost. Add tothis the cost of potential litigation if the vehicleoperator is injured or killed and the equation losesall comparison. APF


MINING VEHICLE FIRES

For further information, go to www.deltafire.com.au

Bob Grieve is Managing Director of Delta Fire Australasia

www.firetrace.com [email protected]

Firetrace® is a registered trademark of Firetrace USA, LLC / Firetrace Ltd. All unauthorized uses of the Firetrace trademark shall be prosecuted to the fullest extent permitted by the law.

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BUSINESS CRITICAL ASSET PROTECTION


The key word is, of course, “critical”. But howis that defined, and how is its criticalityassessed? The usual answer is that a critical

asset is an asset on which the company depends.But that is far too simplistic and demonstrates alack of real understanding.

Critical assets are often deemed to be thosethat have the greatest impact on the organisation’sability to perform. However, this overlooks theessential characteristic or characteristics that makea particular asset “critical” in the first place. Butwhat might these characteristics be?● Replacement Lead Time.

If the asset can be replaced promptly withoutany significant impact on the company’s abilityto perform, it hardly warrants the accolade“critical”. It would be better described as“important” or “essential” rather than

“critical”. Of course, the replacement lead timewill have a significant bearing when determin-ing into which category the asset falls. It is alsoimportant to keep up to date regarding thesupply position; what might be able to bereplaced promptly today may be on a long leadtime in the future.

● Replacement Cost.Being readily available is of little consequence ifthe cost of the replacement asset is so highthat the company is unable to fund the replace-ment immediately, or raise the capital within anacceptable time frame. Again, this raises thelead time question.On this basis, if the asset is essential to main-

taining business continuity, if replacement (eitherdirectly or by sourcing it from elsewhere) is notavailable within an assessed reasonable time, or if

What’s “Critical”When it Comesto AssetProtection?The term “business critical asset” has now been around for sufficiently long forits true meaning to be often somewhat lost. What exactly are business criticalassets, and how are they best protected?Scott Starr

Firetrace International

finance is neither available immediately nor can bearranged within an acceptable timescale, then theasset can be reasonably deemed to be genuinely“critical”.

Another important step in identifying a criticalasset is to follow what might be described as thecritical asset audit trail. Few critical assets arestand-alone entities, so it is important to ascertainthe status of the assets upon which they mightdepend. For example, a CNC machine tool mayitself be reasonably cited as “critical”. However, itrequires power to operate, so the machine’selectrical controls are, in all probability, critical tothe machine tool’s ability to perform. In short, themachine tool can be in first rate working order,

but a failure of its external control equipment orpower can have the same impact on production as if the machine itself had been put out of action. Both items, the machine tool and theelectrical cabinet, are therefore potentially criticalassets.

Following this audit trail approach both back-wards and forwards from a particular asset willprovide a much more realistic picture for the com-pany’s management to establish precisely what istruly “critical”. Almost inevitably, there will bemore items of critical importance than was initially

anticipated; there are also almostcertain to be a few surprises.

A wartime example aptly illus-trates the point that destroying theability to create one small, simplecomponent can have a devastatingeffect on the total production.During the Second World Warstrategic bombing attacks wereaimed at crippling the German air-craft industry. The target was not,as might be expected, aircraftproduction factories; rather it wasfactories where ball-bearings thatwere “critical” to aircraft produc-tion were made.

Critical Asset Fire RiskSo, having established which ofthe company’s assets are “critical”,the next question is to determinewhat risks they are exposed to andhow these can best be mitigated.There is no doubt that from all ofthe available statistics from aroundthe world that fire ranks as one ofthe main threats.

Often, management’s reactionto this is to assume that the build-ing’s facility-wide fire detectionand alarm, and possibly its firesuppression system, are more thanadequate for the task. This may befar from correct in terms of bothpractical effectiveness and cost

effectiveness, as the vast majority of businesscritical assets are housed in cabinets or enclosuresand so present a unique fire response challenge.

The reality in these situations is that even withthe most sophisticated and integrated facility-wideinstallations, by the time a ceiling-mountedsmoke, heat or flame sensor or a beam detectorhas been activated by a fire in, for example, in anelectrical control cabinet, the cabinet and itscontents are all but certain to be extensivelydamaged, if not completely destroyed. By theirenclosed nature, these enclosures or micro-environments are effectively isolated from thefacility’s main fire detection and alarm installationand fire suppression facilities.

The only effective solution is to provide dedicatedprotection within the critical asset’s enclosure. Aswell as being the only way to ensure swift andeffective detection and suppression, this is also byfar the most cost effective option. Even if youaccept the delay in smoke or heat from theenclosed fire reaching a ceiling mounted detector,when activated it will, if linked to a suppressionsystem, discharge a hugely wasteful volume ofagent, filling the entire protected zone to suppressa fire in a small enclosure that by then will almostcertainly have been destroyed.


ASSET PROTECTIONBUSINESS CRITICAL ASSET PROTECTION

An important step in identifying a critical asset is to follow the

critical asset audit trail. Few critical assets are stand-alone

entities, so it is important to ascertain the status of the assets

upon which they in turn depend.

Consider again our CNC machine’s electricalequipment cabinet example. A fire can break outfor several reasons including cable fatigue, incor-rect installation, overloaded circuits, equipmentfailure or any number of environmental factors.So, the only way to resolve the problem is toprovide protection precisely where it is needed –inside the cabinet or micro-environment.

Agent SelectionAs the threat posed by each hazard can differsignificantly, providing effective dedicated fireprotection for these enclosed environments callsfor a wide choice of extinguishing agents. The firesuppression solution chosen therefore has to besufficiently versatile in terms of suppression agentoptions that it can be tailored to the precise firerisk. Nowadays, with widespread concerns oversustainability and environment impact this has to include the latest clean agents such as 3MNovec 1230 Fire Suppression Fluid and DuPontFM-200, both of which are effective in a widerange of applications, and particularly for protect-ing sensitive electrical equipment.

Other options include ABC dry chemical agents,BC dry chemical agents and D dry chemical agentsfor – as each prefix letter indicates – Class A firesthat involve freely burning materials such as woodand paper; Class B fires that involve petrol, dieseland other flammable liquids; Class C fires thatinvolve flammable gases; and Class D fires thatinvolve flammable metals. CO2 [carbon dioxide] isanother widely used suppressant. AFFF [AqueousFilm Forming Foam] concentrate is another optionthat needs to be available if a truly comprehensivesolutions offering is being made.

System ChecklistThere are a number of characteristics that areessential for a fire detection and suppression

system to be considered as suitable for in-cabinetcritical asset protection. They are:● The solution should combine fire detection and

suppression into a single, integrated package.● It should have the ability to provide around-the-

clock dependability and 24/7 unsupervisedprotection, as many assets remain in operationduring “lights out” production.

● The system should stop a fire precisely where itbreaks out and before it has any opportunity totake hold.

● It should require no external electrical or otherpower that has the potential to fail and so putthe system out of operation.

● The system should respond to a fire with 100percent reliability.

● It should ensure an absence of false alarms.● On suppression discharge, it should not

damage the very equipment it is there toprotect.

● The solution should comply with the highestinternational approval and certification standards.For certain critical assets it may also be impor-

tant for the system to unaffected by vibration,dust, debris and airflow, be able to contend withextreme temperature variations, or be intrinsicallysafe.

System SelectionFew fire detection and suppression systems canmeet this specification in full; one that can isFiretrace, an automatic fire suppression systemthat was developed specifically for these in-cabinetcritical asset applications. It has proven to be sosuccessful that today more than 150,000 installa-tions have been completed successfully.

It is a “self-seeking”, stand-alone solution thatis entirely self-contained and does not require anexternal power source. The system comprises acylinder that contains the chosen extinguishingagent, which is attached to proprietary FiretraceDetection Tubing. This small-bore polymer tubingis a linear pneumatic heat and flame detector that was developed to deliver consistently thedesired temperature-sensitive detection and deliv-ery characteristics. It detects along the entirelength of the tube, immediately detects a fire at itssource and ruptures activating the release of thesuppression agent, extinguishing the fire preciselywhere it starts and before it has had time to takehold.

There are two systems from which to choose.The Firetrace Direct System utilises the FiretraceDetection Tubing as both the detection device andthe suppressant delivery system, whereas theFiretrace Indirect System uses the tube as a detec-tion and system activation device, but not for theagent discharge. The rupturing of the tube resultsin a drop of pressure causing the indirect valve toactivate. This diverts flow from the detection tubeand the agent is discharged from the cylinderthrough diffuser nozzles, flooding the entireenclosure.

Key to its success is that Firetrace is the only UL [Underwriters Laboratories] listed and FM[Factory Mutual] approved tube-operated systemin the world that is tested as an automatic firedetection and suppression system. It is alsoapproved by more than 25 other internationallyrenowned and independent accreditation andapprovals agencies. APF


ASSET PROTECTIONBUSINESS CRITICAL ASSET PROTECTION

For further information, go towww.firetrace.com

Scott Starr is MarketingDirector at FiretraceInternational

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WATERMIST


Awatermist system is a fire suppression system that, when activated, will discharge a spray of water droplets from a nozzle (or array of

nozzles). The sizes of watermist droplets willtypically be smaller than those discharged bytraditional sprinkler systems. A system may oper-ate automatically when nozzles are exposed to asufficiently high level of heat to activate a frang-ible glass bulb or solder link contained in a nozzle.

Some systems can be linked to a detectionsystem and use open nozzles, while other systemscan be manually operated. The system will com-prise a number of components to provide a waterreservoir, water pressurising system and pipeworkto deliver water to spray out from the systemnozzle/s. Different watermist systems operate atdifferent system pressures between about 3-bar

and 100-bar or more. Watermist systems cansuppress fires by wetting, cooling and throughlocalised oxygen displacement (by conversion ofwater droplets into steam in the flame zone).

BackgroundIn the UK and elsewhere, watermist systems areincreasingly being considered and used for the fireprotection of buildings, including offices, hotelsand other commercial premises. Watermist is seenas an exciting new technology by many in the fireindustry and systems may also offer additionalenvironmentally attractive design. However, forthose responsible for specifying systems, approv-ing building designs and insuring properties, thereis a challenging lack of relevant, independentadvice and information on their suitability.

Watermist FireSuppressionSystems – for Commercial Low-hazardOccupanciesWatermist fire protection systems are fire suppression systems that have emergedas an alternative fire safety solution for specific applications over the past fewdecades – but are they suitable for commercial low-hazard occupancies?

Louise Jackman

BRE Global

Kevin Annablen

BRE Global

Watermist systems for protection against thedamaging effects of fires come in a multitude ofdifferent shapes and sizes. Historically, differentsystems have been tested and demonstrated to beeffective against a number of specific applications.A few examples include their use in cabins onboard ships, in machinery spaces or for specificlocalised protection of objects. There are furtherexamples of effective watermist systems tested forthe protection of small rooms (such as hotelbedrooms, prison cells or domestic dwellings).

The mechanisms for successful watermistoperation in a fire event and the variables thatinfluence the effective performance of systems –where the volume of the compartment is limited –have now become well established through manytesting and research programmes.

Watermist systems will typically discharge sig-nificantly less water than traditional sprinklersystems. For many applications this is an advantageboth in terms of the design requirements of thesystem and the reduced potential for water dam-age in the event of a system operation. However,what is critical is that the ability of a system to tacklea fire using less water is not compromised. For largeopen spaces where there may be significantquantities of combustible material, the suitability ofwatermist protection needs to be carefully assessed.

Third Party CertificationDue to the diversified nature of watermist systemsand their many bespoke designs it has been agreat challenge to standards writing authoritiesand third-party certification bodies across theworld to establish suitable standards and certifica-tion schemes. This has led to a loosely regulatedinstallation history for watermist systems andoften, a lack of confidence in their fire suppressionperformance.

To address this issue, The Loss PreventionCertification Board (LPCB) in the UK will bepublishing a Loss Prevention Standard (LPS 1283)and certification scheme for the approval and list-ing of watermist systems for use in commercial

low-hazard occupancies. The scheme will supportand augment the requirements of DD 8489 ‘FixedFire Protection Systems – Industrial and Commer-cial Watermist Systems’. In addition, LPCB alsointends to establish a watermist system installerscheme (LPS 1284).

Manufacturers and suppliers will be able toundertake LPS 1283 to verify the components anddesign methodology of their watermist system.Installers of the manufacturer’s watermist systemswill be able to undertake LPS 1284 to verify theircompetency for design, installation and main-tenance. End users of watermist systems will beresponsible for the on-going maintenance ofsystems and in particular maintenance of thebuilding fire load and fire hazard classificationconsistent with the watermist system design. Thiswill mean it is necessary for the ‘ResponsiblePerson’ under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety)Order, 2005 in the UK and more broadly anyoneresponsible for fire safety in buildings, to conducta fire risk assessment and ensure compliance withthe specified criteria of the certified system.

As stated previously, critical to the successfuloperation of a watermist system are the systemdesign details. Of equal importance are the build-ing design details – the fire loads, obstructions,ventilation, ceiling height, compartmentation andopenings in the protected space. These designdetails need to be fully addressed in both the fireperformance tests and installed systems to ensuretheir effectiveness. Therefore, the LPCB certifica-tion scheme will contain restrictions with respectof floor area (for certain systems), ceiling height,ventilation, fire load density, fire growth rate,height of combustibles and obstructions. Thedevelopment of this Loss Prevention Standard was underpinned by a programme of research bythe BRE Trust as explained below.

Experimental ProgrammeThe BRE Trust has recently funded a three-yearwatermist research programme, supported byindustry partners. The programme included large


WATERMIST

scale fire tests conducted by BRE Global at its BurnHall laboratory near Watford in the UK.

To assess the performance of watermist systems,three key experimental tasks were undertaken:1 A series of single wood crib fire tests to evaluate

the influence on the effectiveness of thewatermist system fire suppression capability of;water flow/pressure, nozzle position in relationto fire position, obstructions, ventilation andcompartmentation.

2 Development of a full scale fire test protocol forcommercial low-hazard occupancies based on a‘stylised’ office fuel loading.

3 Testing of a sprinkler system and industryprovided low and high pressure watermistsystems to establish their performance againstthe developed fire test protocol.

Key Findings from the Research1 From the series of tests with a single wood

crib, it was demonstrated that, for the specificconditions tested:● The position of the fire in relation to the

position of the watermist discharge nozzlewas critical to the fire suppression effective-ness of the spray, even within the nominalarea of coverage provided by the nozzle.

● The presence of shielding, that is anobstruction in the direct path of the waterspray to the fuel source, resulted in reducedsuppression effectiveness.

● Ventilation flows detrimentally affected the performance of the watermist sup-pression and influenced the fire growth characteristics.

● Watermist flow rate/pressure and ceilingheight can influence the effectiveness of thesuppression provided by a system.

● For otherwise equivalent situations, thewatermist system tested was more effectivewhen tackling a fire in a compartment thanin open conditions.

2 In the development of the full scale test protocolan assessment was made of typical open officeareas. Information was gathered and reviewedfrom an office survey, office fire load surveys,office fire test data and standard test fires. A‘stylised’ office scenario was arranged consistingof two combustible walls, a chipboard tablewith foam sheets, cardboard and paper loadingand with two wood cribs (but also containingplastic material) beneath the table top.The scenario met the following criteria:● The fuel loading was representative of a

commercial low-hazard occupancy, fire growthrate and heat release rate.

● It was a challenge to a watermist system witha shielded fire source and open ceiling.

● The materials were closely specified, easilysourced and could be repeatedly obtained.The scenario was simple and relatively costeffective.

● The arrangement allowed for clear system‘pass/fail’ criteria to be developed.

3 In the full scale tests carried out, the resultswere as follows:● The sprinkler system, operating at a water

coverage density of five mm/min providedeffective fire suppression.

● All the watermist systems demonstratedlower temperatures at ceiling level and

reduced fire damage compared to a ‘base-line’ unsuppressed fire ‘freeburn’.

● However, the low pressure watermist systemat a nozzle spacing of three metres by threemetres did not provide effective suppressionof the fire and did not meet the test criteria.

● The high pressure watermist system (installedon a three-metre and four-metre spacing) didnot provide effective suppression of the fireand did not meet the test criteria.

● A low pressure system, tested at a spacing of2.5 metres by 2.5 metres and a water cover-age density of five mm/min (equivalent to thesprinkler system coverage) did suppress thefire and meet the test criteria successfully.

The scope of the testing was necessarily limitedand other system arrangements may performdifferently.

ConclusionsOverall, the full-scale test results were of concern.A significant number of watermist system arrange-ments were not able to provide expected levels offire protection for the tested scenario (open planarea with obstructed fire loads and a high ceiling).In terms of the design of the tested systems, inmany instances, the spacing between nozzles wastoo great and the quantity and momentum ofwater discharged too low to provide effective firesuppression. The test work demonstrated thatwatermist system effectiveness cannot be assumedand that it is essential to verify system perfor-mance against realistic, reliable and repeatable firetest protocols.

OutputA report titled “Watermist fire protection inoffices: experimental testing and development of atest protocol”, published by IHS BRE Press (FB 34),provides the detailed results from the researchcarried out. The report describes the experimentalstudy and provides fire test evidence to assist inthe understanding of watermist systems.

The test protocol has now been adopted by theBritish Standards Institute and forms part of arecently published watermist draft for develop-ment standard in the UK, DD 8489 ‘Fixed fireprotection systems – Industrial and commercialwatermist systems’.

SummaryFor many in the fire industry, watermist systemswill continue to offer an alternative to moretraditional systems. The progress being made nowhas the potential to result in robustly tested andcertified watermist systems for low-hazardcommercial premises. This will help to provideconfidence to authorities having jurisdiction,building owners and insurers that a watermistsystem is suitable for the intended application towhich it is being installed.

BRE Trust is a charitable company in the UK. Itsobjectives are through research and education, toadvance knowledge, innovation and communication inall matters concerning the built environment for publicbenefit. As a charity for research and education, theBRE Trust commissions ‘for public benefit’ researchfrom the BRE Group of companies and elsewhere. TheTrust is the largest UK charity dedicated specifically toresearch and education in the built environment.

APF


WATERMIST FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS WATERMIST

For further information, go towww.bre.co.uk

Louise JackmanPrincipal Consultant – FireSuppression at BRE Global

Kevin AnnablenSenior Consultant – FireSuppression at BRE Global

DISASTER RECOVERY


Evidence – ranging from ancient structures builtto redirect flood waters to modern businesscontinuity practices – suggests that the gener-

al concepts involved in understanding hazard riskshave been around for hundreds of years, and havebeen used as a basis for risk mitigation. But, it wasonly recently that the phrase “disaster risk reduc-tion” (DRR) hit the mainstream. Before, DRR wasmostly a subject of academic research, and disas-ters were largely viewed as indiscriminate andunavoidable furies of nature that devastatedEarth’s human inhabitants. And the mainstreamconsensus was that concentrating on improvingour ability to predict natural hazard occurrenceswas the main means to lessen the expected losses.

Indeed, advances in the physical sciences andimprovements to observation systems, especially

during the 20th century, helped tremendously,enhancing our knowledge of many natural hazards,and resulting in improved engineering practices,early warning, evacuation, and response. Yet, thesegains in risk reduction were being quickly outpacedby rapid population growth, and by ill-informed orill-enforced policies that still allowed growth anddevelopment in hazard-prone areas.

Furthermore, until the last quarter of the century,there was little recognition of how the social,economic, political, and cultural characteristics of acommunity affect its vulnerabilities. This informa-tion was important in developing effective policiesto reduce risks and increase resiliency. Social scien-tists played a key role in identifying the significanceof these characteristics and in estimating theirinfluence – individually and collectively – in terms

Fuelling DisasterRisk Reduction& IncreasingResiliencyAre we responsible for creating disasters? Can we help reduce disaster risks andincrease resilience? Admittedly, increasing resilience involves more than riskreduction, but intuitively, improving resilience plays a major role in reducing risk.Ray Shirkhodai

Pacific Disaster Centre

of relationships to stressed situations and disasters.Still, painting a more comprehensive picture of

risks to better inform decisions related to gover-nance, policy, planning, and public safety requiredcloser integration of the inter-disciplinary practices,mainstreaming of relevant concepts, and widerdissemination of the results.

While we do not suggest that merely havingaccess to the latest sciences and integrated tech-nologies is sufficient for improved DRR practices,we do propose that efforts to reduce disaster riskshave been largely fuelled, facilitated, and expeditedby momentum in applied sciences and advances ininformation and communication technologies.

Today, there are numerous examples of howthese advances are put to use by institutions –including Pacific Disaster Centre (PDC) – that arehelping to get the right information to the rightaudiences at the right time. And, those who takeadvantage of these capabilities are helping toreduce disaster risks and increase resiliency.

What is Disaster Risk Reduction?DRR is defined by the U.N. as “reducing disasterrisks through systematic efforts to analyse and man-age the causal factors of disasters, including throughreduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerabilityof people and property, wise management of landand the environment, and improved preparednessfor adverse events.” Ultimately, the goal of DRR is tocontinuously reduce human and economic lossesrelated to hazard, through a “systematic approach.”In other words, DRR-related activities are guidedby sound information and repeatable processes,and are grounded in related sciences and tech-nologies that enable evidence-based assessmentsand methodical reasoning.

To provide a comprehensive view of the rela-tionships between sciences and DRR is beyond the scope of a short article, but we can brieflyexamine major milestones in the advance ofsciences and technologies that have contributed toprogress in DRR practices.


PDC’s Global HazardsAtlas

Model output displayedin PDC’s Global HazardsAtlas

DISASTER RECOVERY

Space-age Proliferation of DataThe space age brought forth unprecedentedopportunities in remote sensing, observation, anddata collection systems. These advances enabledscientists to continuously monitor environmentalconditions and improve the accuracy of their obser-vations. They also helped enhance the understand-ing of the parameters affecting environmentalchanges. As a result of collecting data from varioussatellites, for instance, scientists were able to moreaccurately detect hot-spots (suspected fires),tropical rain falls, global cloud formations, and ahost of other atmospheric, geological, and oceanicconditions affecting change in the natural and builtenvironments. Visual presentation of these data, asin the PDC Global Hazards Atlas, provides instantlyunderstandable and actionable information.

Over time, continued observations and analysisof the collected data also led to improved capabili-ties in predicting conditions that are conducive tothe occurrence of a variety of hazards. Together,these advances helped increase hazard warningcapabilities. But, these data remained hard toobtain, and prohibitively expensive to process,archive, or analyse, limiting their exploitation tolarge national agencies with substantial financialresources and technical capacities.

Dawning of the Information AgeAdvances in computing and communicationtechnologies facilitated the next giant leap in theevolution of risk reduction. Relevant data couldnow be more readily obtained and shared, andmore easily processed, archived, and analysed. Thebenefits were enormous.

For one thing, better archiving and faster statisti-cal analysis of the historical data expedited develop-ment of hazard “exposure” surfaces. These surfaceshelp decision makers better understand the hazardrisk profiles of a location, and develop policies andplans that help reduce exposure to those hazards.Another significant factor was faster acquisitionand processing of data, which led to increasedhazard warning time. Likewise, improved warningsystems resulted in improved preparations forimpacts, and in many instances, enabled effectiverelocation or evacuation of the exposed elements.

But this was not all. Better computationalpower advanced predictive modelling for manyhazards and improved estimation of their impacts.Advances in visualisation enhanced abilities todecipher raw, scientific data, and facilitated com-munication of hazard-related information to awider audience. They also improved geographicalinformation systems (GIS) which helped enhancethe accuracy of mapping, layering, and integratingthe related information.

Together, all these advances helped transformdata into usable information for risk reduction pur-poses. Yet, wider information-sharing capabilitieswere needed to start integrating, and ultimately,transforming the information into the knowledgeneeded for effective decision making.

Internet Revolution and Information“Super Highway”The Internet is considered by many to be a naturalevolution of advances in computing, communica-tions, and networking technologies. While this istrue, the Internet has had such a profound impact inadvancing and mainstreaming risk reduction con-

cepts, that it commands attention in this context.The Internet Age flung the doors wide-open to free-form, easy, unrestricted, and rather instantaneoussharing of ideas and information across the globe.

Scientists found they could quickly access infor-mation, share ideas, collaborate with colleaguesworldwide, and more rapidly share the results oftheir work. This technological revolution speededup the advancement of sciences, eased access tonew information, and ultimately, expedited main-streaming of risk reduction concepts.

Similarly, the Internet provided an effective envi-ronment for computer software developers toshare ideas and build on each other’s work. Thisled to the proliferation of an enormous library ofsoftware applications, few of which were actuallydeveloped for risk reduction purposes, but manyof which were ultimately modified, integrated, andused in a variety of risk reduction practices. In fact,many of these applications improved processing,


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storage, accessing, sharing, visualisation, and/oranalysis of the scientific data.

Ease of access to the related information andimprovements that made it more usable enabledDRR advocates to better leverage the latestcapabilities, and incorporate the results into theirdecision processes. In turn, practitioners couldshare sound practices with colleagues around theglobe, and learn from each other’s experiences.And indeed, the technology also created a conven-ient feedback loop between the providers andconsumers of information, allowing risk reductionpractitioners to communicate further needs to thescientists and technologists working to overcomeupcoming DRR challenges.

Last, but certainly not the least, the Internetgreatly increased the options for engaging the

public as stakeholders in DRR discus-sions. Firstly, easy and unrestrictedaccess to the information helpedfamiliarise masses with DRR, effec-tively mainstreaming the conceptsand practices. Secondly, DRR-devot-ed sites and related information-dis-semination services (such as email,RSS feeds, etc.) provided an alterna-tive to traditional broadcast news fordelivering hazard-related content tothe public in a timely manner. Thirdly,and perhaps most importantly, theintroduction of social networks –most famously Facebook and Twitter– facilitated conversations and creat-ed a new medium for obtainingdirect feedback from the publicregarding the subject matter.

Despite all the gains in sciencesand technologies that were advancingDRR agendas, the digital-divide stillpresented challenges. For one thing,until very recently, access to theinternet was confined to fixed loca-tions at office or home computers.For another thing, one cannot ignorethe fact that the Internet is not aswidely, uniformly, or readily availablein every corner of the world, and it isespecially sparse and expensive indeveloping nations. Providing suchaccess requires extensive and expen-

sive investments in technology, human resources,and infrastructure beyond the grasp of many.

The Age of Information MobilityWhile the Internet revolution was roaring at a fan-tastic pace, creating a new medium for exchangeof ideas and developing previously unimaginedopportunities, another quiet revolution was underway, one with the potential to overcome the digital-divide challenges. First, advances intelecommunication and wireless technologies ledto the development of mobile/cellular phonedevices and related networks. Then, convergenceof these with the latest computing, networking,and satellite technologies gave birth to “smart”mobile devices that enabled communicationsto/from virtually anywhere. These devices, loaded


Disaster Alert usersmonitor worldwidehazards from any placeon Earth

FUELLING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & INCREASING RESILIENCYDISASTER RECOVERY

with applications like PDC’s Disaster Alert, provideusers with dynamic feeds hazard information toand from any place in the world.

The contributions of this revolution to DRRpractices cannot be underestimated any more thanthose of the preceding digital developments. Mostimportantly, cellular phones are already widelyused around the world, including in developingnations. So, combined with Short MessageServices (SMS), the devices provide the bestopportunity to-date to deliver hazard informationto individuals. Likewise, combined with social net-works and Global Positioning Systems (GPS), thedevices allow messages from individuals to bedelivered to any number of recipients geo-codedto a specific source location. What is more, com-bined with the power of the internet and relatedapplications, the messages may now be instantlytranslated into any language and shared across theworld, promising a connected global communityworking together to reduce disaster risks.

As these technologies continue to evolve andthe devices become “smarter,” new opportunitiesarise to share richer hazard content and providejust-in-time and just-in-place information to thepublic. Many disaster-related applications arealready becoming available that deliver hazardmonitoring and warning capabilities. Other appli-cations are being released that provide access toinformation about preparedness. It is not difficultto imagine the next generation of these smartapplications detecting the owner’s location tocustomise disaster information based on thespecific geography and for a specific time. Similarly,these applications will be taking advantage ofinnovative and integrated technologies to facilitatecommunications among responders, decisionmakers, and logistics providers. Finally, theseapplications, yet again, will provide better meansto share knowledge that will improve themainstreaming of DRR practices.

DRR Requires More than Access toScience and TechnologyIn the final analysis, it is important to note onceagain that having access to the latest sciences andtechnologies is not sufficient for the implementa-tion of DRR strategies. Whereas advances in thesefields greatly enhance informed-policy, planning,and decision-support capabilities, communityinvolvement and responsible governance are alsonecessary to put these resources to good use.

Every human loss attributed to a disaster is atragedy, but, as the recent earthquake in Port AuPrince, Haiti (316,000 deceased) reminds us – bycomparison to the events in Bio Bio, Chili (582deceased), and Christchurch, New Zealand (181deceased) – systematic DRR practices grounded ininformed-decisions, utilising the latest sciencesand technologies, and backed by responsiblegovernance, make a considerable difference inreducing human and economic losses related tohazard risks.

Reducing losses and impacts pays greatdividends in increasing resiliency. APF


For further information, go to www.pdc.org

Ray Shirkhodai is Executive Director of Pacific DisasterCentre

In the quiet backblocks of Columboola, 350kmnorthwest of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia,along the Warrego highway between Miles and

Chinchilla buried bombs have formed part of thelocal folklore for nearly 70 years. In 1942/1943 theColumboola site was a designated as a US Armychemical weapons storage base. During a three-year period during the war the site was home to inexcess of 170,000 HD (distilled sulphur mustardagent) mustard chemical rounds that were storedas part of the strategic “Brisbane Line” ofdefence; a chain of supply and weapons basesdesigned to provide support in the event of aneast coast invasion.

Rumours of buried Jeeps and Harley Davidsonmotorbikes abound in these parts, and while nosuch earthly treasures have presented themselvesjust yet, some slightly less enticing gifts from thepast have recently come to light. In 2009, during astandard due-diligence survey of a prospectiveopen cut coal mining operation, a burial of 144HD mustard rounds was discovered by contractorsin a series of pits across the site. Police and sub-sequently Defence was notified and so began thebiggest chemical weapons investigation anddestruction campaign to be undertaken inAustralia since the Second World War. The Colum-boola project has, in many respects, re-written thebook in terms of how to undertake an effectiveand collaborative effort between State, Federal

and international government agencies, privateindustry and the community.

Columboola HeritageThe Columboola site comprises some 730 hectaresof land on a pancake-flat floodplain in a paddockin the middle of nowhere – an ideal site for thesurreptitious storage of chemical rounds.

The site is covered by old established stands ofironbark, bull oak and popular box trees thatformed ideal camouflage from aerial surveillanceactivities. As happens to this day, munitions under-going the rigors of transport and handling,occasionally fail and ‘leakers’ and damaged roundsare somewhat of an inevitability. Standard practiceduring the war, and in fact up until quite recently,was for the munitions to be buried or submersedas an appropriate means of disposal. The trick forthose of us investigating the site nearly 70 yearslater, in the near complete absence of accuratehistorical records, is to understand where theserounds were kept and how they were disposed ofat the site.

Munitions DestructionThe nature of the current works at theColumboola site was divided into two streams:destruction and further investigation. The first andprimary stream of work involved the Common-wealth’s requirements as a signatory to the


Cleaning up the P

Peter Murphy

Milsearch

While the unearthing and destruction of chemical weapons is day-to-daybusiness for defence and response agencies in many parts of the world it has nothistorically been a concern for the Australian response community. In recentyears however this has begun to change. As legacy sites from WWII come underincreasing scrutiny and pressure from development there has been acorresponding increase in exposure to sites where chemical weapons werestored or are rumoured to have been stored in times gone by.

CBRN

International Prohibition ofChemical Weapons Treaty,which is regulated by the Officefor the Prohibition of ChemicalWeapons based in The Hague.Under the treaty requirements,ASNO (Australian Safeguardsand Non-Proliferation Office),as the Commonwealth repre-sentative, is required to submita plan, under relatively stricttimelines, to outline the man-agement and disposal strategyfor the munitions. Defencemanages this plan and, as aresult, they released a tenderthrough the DUXO Panel(Defence Un-exploded Ordi-nance Panel) in late 2009 seek-ing responses from industry toundertake the destruction ofthe 144 munitions. UltimatelyMilsearch, a private demili-tarisation contractor based inCanberra, was successful insecuring the munitions destruc-tion contract and the TC-60 munitions destructionsystem provided by CH2M Hill in the US wasselected as the preferred destruction technology.

Milsearch deployed to the Columboola site inAugust 2010 and spent the next six monthspreparing the site for the upcoming assessmentand eventual destruction activities. Due to theisolated nature of the site this involved the estab-lishment of all required infrastructure includingroads, buildings, power, water and waste water.Milsearch partnered with OPEC Systems to com-plete the civil and structural works at the site. Over12,000 cubic metres of road base was importedfrom local quarries to form 6km of access roadsand 14,000 square metres of hardstands requiredfor the works infrastructure. Construction effortsat the site were not helped by the wettest seasonon record (never good when you are working on afloodplain) but a Herculean effort by the numer-ous sub-contractors involved saw the timelines

met and by April 2011 the TC-60 system wasready to accept its first round and the final roundwas destroyed in May 2011

For those with a technical bent, the TC-60 is amature batch thermal destruction technology thathas been in operation around the world for overten years and has been involved in the destructionof over 45,000 chemical rounds including mus-tard, phosgene and HC smoke. The TC-60 offers acontrolled detonation process using proprietarydonor explosives to implode munitions underintense pressure and heat. The explosives and toxicfill contained in the munitions are destroyed bydetonation, heat and pressure in the resultingfireball (thermal oxidation). A comprehensive,multi-stage air pollution control system destroysany residuals that are contained in the associatedoff-gassing process and a highly accurate monitor-ing system tracks potential contaminants allowingconfirmation of successful destruction.

Stakeholder EngagementThe process of delivering the destruction phase ofthe Columboola project to fruition involved astrong collaborative approach between the stake-holders. To facilitate communication between thenumerous involved parties a central QueenslandCoordinating Group was established to assistMilsearch and Defence to confirm that the projectcomplies with State legislation and regulations inregard to such areas as workplace health andsafety and environmental protection. The functionof local area coordination was managed throughthe regional Director of Emergency Management,Queensland.

During the assessment and destruction phasesof the works, Milsearch provided the initial decon-tamination response adjacent to the destructionfacility while a trained team from the QueenslandFire Service (QFS), located a short distance away,


ast

CLEANING UP THE PAST CBRN

stood up a comprehensive CBRN decontaminationsystem to ensure that any major incidents wereable to be expediently dealt with. Over an eight- week period QFS rostered in teams of sixresponders on a seven-day roster.

Similarly the Queensland Ambulance Servicestood up an on-site medical response capabilityincluding ambulance and paramedic support toassist the teams on-site medical support capabili-ties. DERM (Department of Environment andResource Management) worked with Defence andMilsearch to advise on and support the project’sspecies management plan as well as the site’sgeneral environmental compliance requirementswhile DEETI oversaw licensing and management ofthe munitions and the explosive donor chargesstored on site.

In terms of scientific support the DSTO (DefenceScience and Technology Organisation) operated aportable field laboratory on the site with a fullCGMS capability for analysing soil and swabsamples and head spacing various waste streamswaste while the US Army’s Edgewood ChemicalBiological Command provided a monitoring teamto confirm air quality within and outside of thedestruction facility.

For most of these agencies this was a uniqueopportunity for their operators to engage in a live

chemical warfare agent environment and to testand refine their equipment, policies and pro-cedures. At the community level Defence hostedmany education and liaison evenings with thepublic to ensure that their questions wereanswered and concerns were allayed and alsoused these opportunities to glean some valuablelocal knowledge regarding the operation of thesite during the 1940s.

The nature of the job, the number of interestedparties and the high level of interest from bothwithin Defence and without, has put theColumboola project under considerable scrutiny.Fortunately, with the assistance of a great manynumber of cooperative and focused individuals,the destruction operation was completed on timeand on budget without a single safety or environ-mental incident.

Investigation WorkOperating concurrently with the primary objectiveof destroying the discovered munitions underAustralia’s obligations to the Chemical WeaponsConvention, Milsearch was also engaged to inves-tigate the remainder of the site to determine if anyadditional munitions still remained hidden underthe paddocks at the Columboola site.

One thing that can be said with absolute cer-tainty when an open-cut coal mine is proposing tomove onto your property is that they will find, inthis case to a depth of 26 metres, exactly what liesbeneath the ground. When this includes agedchemical weapons then it is prudent to take aproactive approach. To this end Defence instructedMilsearch to investigate the entire 730 hectaresthat constitutes the old US Army base.

In the 65 years since the site was last used as amunitions storage base there has been consider-able re-growth of trees and many of the prominentfeatures from the war nowadays only exist as lightand subtle shadows on the landscape. To bringtogether the various sources of information thatmight cast some light on the location of munitionsleft on the site during the war a probabilistic analy-sis model was adopted that sought to collate thebody of disparate data that exists about the site.


CBRN

In the 65 years since the site

was last used as a munitions

storage base there has been

considerable re-growth of

trees and many of the

prominent features from the

war nowadays only exist as

light and subtle shadows on

the landscape.

This strategy involved theuse of different tools whichwere available:● Desktop photographic

review.● Historical study.● Micro-characterisation of

the site.● ‘Union Jack’ assessment of

site.● Record of tangible points

of interest.To allow the management

of such a relatively largeparcel of land the site wasbroken into 4ha blocks and arating was given to eachblock to prioritise those areasthat would receive furtherintrusive investigation opera-tions. Milsearch are nowprogressively working throughthese areas in a three-stageprocess to determine if anymunitions reside beneath thesurface. The first stage ofworks involves the clearing ofsurface vegetation under thesite’s Species ManagementPlan. Larger trees (thosegreater than 400mm in diam-eter) are left in situ whilesmaller trees are mulched for soil stability andwater retention or stockpiled for later provision ofhabitat sites.

Following de-vegetation the surface is surveyedusing a specialised electro-magnetic investigativetool (Geonics EM61). The EM61 time domain

metal detectors are able to detect and differenti-ate between ferrous and non-ferrous metals.Using this system a powerful transmitter generatesa pulsed primary magnetic field in the earth thatinduces eddy currents in nearby metallic objects.The eddy current decay produces a secondarymagnetic field measured by the receiver coil. Usingthis technique we are provided an accurateindication of any sub-surface metallic content.

To validate the geophysical survey results, aninvestigation team is then deployed to the block inquestion and the physical digging process begins.

Digging for munitions is akin to a delicate archae-ological excavation with specialised techniciansleading the dig using a combination of excavatorsand hand tools.

To manage the risks associated with thepotential for chemical agent release, Milsearchrefined and developed its existing work instruc-tions, used when dealing with conventionalmunitions, to overlay an elevated level of moni-toring and safety capability. The ECBC personnelprovided the minicams monitoring equipment forthe works. The minicams are a portable detectioncapability able to monitor for HD mustard down to below 0.003 mg/m3. This is significantly more sensitive system than the hand-helddetection technologies that have traditionally been used in chemical environments and its rapidcycle times (between three and five minutes)ensures that operatives are not exposed to STEL(Short Term Exposure Limit) for any unsafe periods. Minicams are used in conjunction withthe hand-held Chempro 100i, AP4CE and Cam 2+systems, which serve as first-alarm detectors.These operatives are supported by a comprehen-sive on-site decontamination and medical responsecapability.

The Columboola project has been a fascinatingjourney through the world of live chemical agentoperations and it has significantly contributed toAustralia’s knowledge of this threat and its capacityto manage similar incidents should they arise inthe future. While not without its teething prob-lems it was a showcase example of a cooperativemulti-agency approach combined with a very highlevel of industry collaboration and support. Beforetoo long Columboola can return to its sleepystatus in outback Queensland and finally all therumours of that elusive buried Harley Davidsonmight be put to rest. APF


CLEANING UP THE PAST CBRN

For further information, go towww. milsearch.com.au andwww.opecsystems.com.au

Peter Murphy is ProjectManager of the ColumboolaChemical MunitionsDestruction Project andManaging Director of OPECSystems

The Columboola project has

been a fascinating journey

through the world of live

chemical agent operations

and it has significantly

contributed to Australia’s

knowledge of this threat and

its capacity to manage similar

incidents should they arise

in the future.

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FIRE-RATED GLAZING


Most, of course, are domestic fires. How-ever, the human cost can be much greaterwhen fire breaks out in a commercial

building – particularly in countries that have eitherinadequate fire safety regulations or the means tostringently enforce them.

That was certainly the case in a fire a few yearsago in a textile factory in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Inthat fire, men and women, most in their teens andearly twenties, tried to escape down a narrowstairway barely 1.5 metres wide. In the ensuingstampede, seven women were trampled to deathand fifty injured. However, what made this fireworse was that it was not an isolated incident. InNovember 2000, another 45 Bangladeshi garmentworkers were killed and 100 injured in a factoryfire caused by an electrical short circuit. Amongthe victims were ten children. The stairwell was so

crowded that workers broke windows and threwthemselves out.

In 2001, 24 workers, mostly women, died in yetanother factory fire in Dhaka, bringing the totalnumber of lives lost in factory fires in the countryto 84 in that one year alone. The tragedy, causedby faulty electrics, was again exacerbated by work-ers from several production units converging onthe same escape stairway.

The Fire ChallengeThe fire regulations on which building safetydepend are themselves based on an understand-ing of fire dynamics – the fundamental relation-ship between fuel, oxygen and heat – theso-called fire triangle on which all fires, intentionalor otherwise, depend. Get those three elementstogether and the fire triangle is joined by a fourth

Steel Appeal inFire SafetyIt is estimated that there are some 195,000 deaths each year from fire, and fire-related death ranks among the 15 most common causes of death forchildren and young adults. South-East Asia alone accounts for just over 50percent of the total number of fire deaths worldwide.Lee Coates

Wrightstyle

element – the chemical chain reaction that isactually the fire. In technical jargon, the triangle ofcombustion then becomes a tetrahedron.

It is a geometry that can either be friend or foe,as fuel and oxygen molecules gain energy andbecome active. This molecular energy is thentransferred to other fuel and oxygen molecules tocreate and sustain the chain reaction. In an uncon-trolled fire in a building, how it spreads of coursedepends on a whole range of factors – from thetype of fuel (everything from ceiling tiles to furni-ture) to the building construction and ventilation.

Taming fire generally involves the removal ofheat, in most cases using water to soak up heatgenerated by the fire. Without energy in the formof heat, the fire cannot heat unburned fuel toignition temperature and the fire will eventually goout. In addition, water acts to smother the flamesand suffocate the fire. But what is really needed iscontainment – to prevent the fire spreading fromits original location. Those protective barriers,often external curtain walling or internal glassscreens, must also provide escape routes for thebuilding’s occupants – what was lacking in thosefires in Bangladesh.

The Role of Fire-resistant GlazingThat is where fire resistant glass and glazing systemsare so important, because modern steel systemsare so technically advanced that they have over-come the limitations inherent in the glass itself.

The biggest limitation is that glass softens overa range of 500°C to 1500°C. To put that in per-spective, a candle flame burns at between 800°Cand 1200°C. In a typical flashover fire inside abuilding, temperatures can reach between 1000°Cand 1400°C. These temperatures can disrupt theintegrity of conventional panes of glass, which cancrack and break because of thermal shock andtemperature differentials across the exposed face.This will compromise the compartmentation of thebuilding’s interior allowing fire to spread fromroom to room.

That can, incidentally, be a problem that asprinkler system actually causes. There have beenseveral notable cases where cold water from asprinkler system has come into contact with heatednon-fire rated glass, causing the glass to break andallowing more oxygen to the seat of the fire.

As a fire escalates, the amount of heatproduced can grow quickly, spreading like a preda-tor from one fuel source to another, devouringmaterials that, in turn, will produce gases that areboth highly toxic and flammable. To make thingsworse, due to thermal expansion, these flammablegases are usually under pressure and able to passthrough relatively small holes and gaps in ductsand walls, spreading the fire to other parts of thebuilding. Heat will also be transmitted throughinternal walls by conduction.

As the fire worsens, and when unburned flam-mable gases reach auto ignition temperature, orare provided with an additional source of oxygen –for example, from a fractured window – anexplosive effect called ‘flashover’ takes place.Flashover is the most feared phenomenon of anyfirefighter and signals several major changes in thefire and the response to it. First, it brings to an endall attempts at search and rescue in the area of theflashover. Simply, there will not be anybody aliveto rescue.

Second, it signals that the fire has reached theend of its growth stage and that it is now fullydeveloped as an inferno. That then signals achange in firefighting response because it marksthe start of a worse danger – the risk of structuralcollapse. However, most fires, including theBangladeshi examples, start with only a minimumof real danger – a dropped cigarette, a spark froma faulty wire – and, if dealt with quickly oradequately contained, pose no real threat.

The Global LandscapeThe International Association for the Study ofInsurance Economics (better known as the GenevaAssociation) says that – in the developed world –


FIRE-RATED GLAZING

the cost of fire has reduced over the past decadefrom 0.28% to 0.16% of GDP, and the risk ofdying in a fire has fallen from an average of 1.88to 1.34 per 100,000 of population. However, thatdeclining trend masks some stark variables, evenbetween developed countries. For example, HongKong – with a densely-packed population of overfive million people – has fewer fire fatalities thanmany of the largest cities in the USA. OrSingapore, with a fire death ratio of 2.3 per onemillion of population, can be compared withJapan, which has a ratio of 16.0 – a risk factorseveral times greater. The worldwide average is10.7 per one million of population, a league tabletopped by Finland on 18.0.

The main lesson from the Bangladeshi fires isthat fire can spread with devastating speed, partic-ularly in a large open space such as a supermarket,open-plan office or factory. And when it does getout of control, the best means of survival isescape.

Around the world, more stringent building andfire regulations have led to architectural anddesign teams taking a multi-disciplinary approachto assessing hazards – from power failure to cyberattack, from civil disorder to fire and explosive det-onation – and arriving at risk assessments that,hopefully, illuminate how that building should bedesigned and built.

Designing in safety is nothing new, and startswith actively assessing the possible risks againstthat building’s occupants, structure, resources andcontinuity of operations. There are a number ofassessment methodologies to understand thepotential threats, identify the assets to be pro-tected, and how best to mitigate against thoserisks. That assessment then guides the designteam in determining acceptable risks and the cost-effectiveness of the measures proposed.

HSBC Hong KongA good example is a recent project for HSBC Bankin Hong Kong, a commercially strategic HK$900million financial data centre. This highly-sensitive

building is HSBC’s main data hub for the Asia-Pacific region, processing financial transac-tions from banking operations across some 30countries and territories and handling a variety offunctions, including personal and business Internetbanking, securities trading, credit card, treasuryand global payments.

The design team had to create a building thatwould balance interior spaces filled with naturallight with an exterior envelope able to withstand aspectrum of meteorological and man-made threats– everything from bomb attack to a typhoon. Sosecure is the finished building that it was the firstdata centre in Hong Kong to meet the industry’smost stringent reliability and security require-ments, a reflection of the changing threat facingmajor companies and organisations, and theimportance of protecting both the occupants ofsensitive buildings and the integrity of their infor-mation systems.

Assessing risk is the starting point, and in partic-ular the need to build in compartmentationthroughout the building, examining the wholebuilding’s capacity to withstand a fire or otherthreats. For the glazed components, that shouldmean analysing the level of containment the glasswill provide and its compatibility with its framingsystems, because the safety of the glass cannot beassessed without its framing system. Put the rightglass into the wrong frame, and you could beturning sixty minutes of fire-resistance into fiveminutes. In an evacuation situation where secondscount, getting the design wrong at the outsetcould be a costly – and deadly – mistake.

There are many types of fire-resistant glassescurrently on the market – and the ranges ofproducts and sizes will continue to increase as thetechnology for combining glass and glazingsystems develops. We have come a long way tomeet the evolving design requirements ofarchitects and the increasing stringency of buildingand fire regulations. Simply, the glass and framingtechnologies now on the market mean that theimpossible is now possible. APF


STEEL APPEAL IN FIRE SAFETY FIRE-RATED GLAZING

For further information, go towww.wrightstyle.co.uk

Lee Coates leads research,development and worldwidetesting at Wrightstyle Limited

“Victims located at the corner of 25th and3rd. All units proceed to location asap…”Moments after receiving the distress call a

team of firefighters makes its way through thedebris-ridden streets as the team proceeds to helpthe victims of the Force 8 earthquake that tookthe city by surprise several minutes earlier.

As they commence their search and rescue,they use tools like explosion and radiation metersas well as infrared cameras to locate victims andlife forms below the collapsed buildings and roads.When a victim is uncovered, the medical responseteams are alerted and apply triage status to thecasualties they find. The ambulances and medicalteams do not manage to get close to the locatedvictims due to the destroyed roads, so the searchneeds to be continued on foot.

As the firefighters search they take care of anyemerging fires, while the medical teams take careof the victims. At the same time the police keepan eye out for pillaging during the aftermath.Successful cooperation and maximum efficiencyduring incidents of any size requires optimal com-munication between all emergency servicesinvolved. The radio chatter is almost deafeningand the tension is real as the different teams con-tinue their missions and stick to the procedures,

hoping an aftershock will not require them tochange their carefully planned response strategy.

As we look at these emergency respondersfocusing on their tasks, we hardly realise we arelooking at a virtual disaster training of an earth-quake instead of the real thing. Virtual training isthe latest innovation to prepare emergencyresponders for any thinkable incident and is aperfect enhancement and addition to the practicaltraining. The RescueSim platform, for example, is avirtual incident management simulator created byNetherlands-based developer VSTEP, a provider ofvirtual training and simulation solutions.

In a virtual RescueSim training every emergencyresponder that participates looks through the eyesof his/her virtual self (a so-called avatar). They walkaround in the virtual environment, communicatewith other participants in the simulation and usevirtual representations of their actual tools at anincident scene. The virtual training is instructordriven, this means an instructor creates an incidentand will change parameters in real-time during theexercise, forcing the participants to adapt andchange their response strategy during the incident.

For example, as the ambulance personnel pro-ceeds with evacuating and triaging the victims, atanker truck is leaning dangerously over the edge


All shook up … virtearthquake disast

Frank Dolmans

VSTEP

There is no doubt that training for the very worst case is a must for everyemergency responder, yet for a substantial number of them proper and constantpreparation remains an objective that is difficult to obtain for practical, logisticaland financial reasons. There are however, new and innovative ways to prepareemergency responders of the 21st century in a cost effective, efficient and safe way.

EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE TRAINING

of a broken bridge and dan-gerous liquid is spilling from acrack. The ambulance person-nel alert the firefighters totake immediate action andthey proceed to secure thearea at once. The powerfulinstructor interface allowsinstructors and training coor-dinators to create any incidentin advance in a matter of min-utes and change almost allparameters “on the fly” dur-ing training. There is no timeto linger for virtual trainingparticipants as the action isthick, stress levels are highand every action is monitored for post actiondebriefing.

Cristijn Sarvaas, VSTEP CEO explains thatdemand is rising for this new way of preparing.“Making it possible to train incident response atalmost any time and in a completely safe and costeffective way is something a lot of emergencyresponders are interested in as work pressure risesand incidents become more and more complex,”Sarvaas continues. Training can be done onbasically any location as the simulator is easily set-up and portable, but it can also be integratedin a complete incident command suite andtraining chamber, depending on the client’s needs.The training itself can also be tailored to the needsof the customer.

For the above earthquake training example,VSTEP received a request from the Chinese city ofChengdu in the Sichuan province, which itself wasthe epicentre of a major earthquake in 2008,resulting in great loss of life and infrastructuraldamage. The Chengdu Emergency Services wasalready using RescueSim for incident training andpreparation, and it approached VSTEP to enhanceRescueSim with specific earthquake disastertraining. Major parts of Chengdu were recreatedin 3D to allow the emergency services training inits actual environment and adapt the RescueSim

platform for the Chinese emergency services. The result is a virtual platform that will allow

the emergency services to train and prepareresponse strategies for earthquakes in the region.The new earthquake training is the latest additionto the RescueSim natural disasters library, whichincorporates response training for disasters likefloods, storms, forest fires and other naturaldisasters. Next to natural disasters, almost any inci-dent can be trained, ranging from a full scale aircrash, offshore disaster and industrial incident to asimple traffic accident, tunnel incident or buildingevacuation.

RescueSim currently includes 130 virtualincident locations in which safety and securityprofessionals can build their rescue skills andpractice alternative response strategies in a safe,low-cost environment. The Chengdu authoritiesare building a high-technology simulation centrethat will act as the central hub for the use ofinnovative technology in emergency managementand response in South East Asia.

Chengdu may act as a pioneer in Asia, butvirtual emergency response training is currentlyused by emergency responders worldwide, andthe increasing awareness that virtual training hasmany advantages to enhance the training curri-culum ensures the growth will likely continue for

some time to come. “Func-tionality and training outcomeare closely linked and arealways key to any simulator, “Sarvaas adds. “RescueSim hasbeen under constant develop-ment for seven years and wehave always worked veryclosely with the emergencyservices and target groups thesimulator was meant for,using their expertise to createand incorporate all requiredfunctionality and features toguarantee a realistic experi-ence. In the end it is aboutsaving lives!” APF


ual training forer

ALL SHOOK UP … VIRTUAL TRAINING EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE TRAINING

For further information, go towww.rescuesim.com

Frank Dolmans is ChiefMarketing Officer at VSTEP B.V.

ANGUS FIREAUSTRALIA

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTDA1 Janine St, Scoresby Industrial ParkScoresby, Victoria 3179 Tel: +61 3 9765 3850 Fax: +61 3 9765 3801 Email: [email protected]: www.kidde.com.au Representative Office BANGLADESH

SAM AGENCIES LTD 5/5, Block A, 1st Floor, Igbal RoadMohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Tel: +880 2 911 0264 Fax: +880 2 912 0241 Email: [email protected]: www.sam-sperry.com Dealer/DistributorBRUNEI DARUSSALAM

YEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LTD 18 Penhas RoadSingapore 208182 Tel: +65 6290 9890 Fax: +65 6290 1444 Email: [email protected]: www.fireweld.com.sg Dealer/DistributorCHINA

KIDDE CHINA LTD10th Floor, Octa Tower8 Lam Chak Street, Kowloon BayHong KongContact: Mr Nelson LiuTel: +852 2195 3668Fax: +852 2370 8381Email: [email protected] OfficeHONG KONG

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO Room A, 13th FloorGo-Up Commercial Building 998, Canton Road, Mongkok, Kowloon Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071/2332 9570Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145 Email: [email protected] Dealer/DistributorINDIA

KIDDE INDIA LIMITED EL 205, TTC Industrial Area Mahape, Navi Mumbai400 710, IndiaTel: +91 22 678 03131 Fax: +91 22 276 18444 Email: [email protected] Website: www.kiddeindia.com Representative OfficeINDONESIA

PT RANTAI LAUTJI Pintu Air Raya No. 38 HComplex 38Jakarta Pusat 10710Tel: +62 21 386-0505, 386-0606Fax: +62 21 386-4545 Email: [email protected]: www.rantai-laut.com Dealer/DistributorJAPAN

OWEN LTD 2-5-20 Gokou-NishiMatsudo-Shi Chiba T270-2218 Contact: Mr Masao Oyake (Managing Director)Tel: (00 81) 47 389 5510 Fax: (00 81) 47 385 1763 Email: [email protected] Dealer/DistributorKAZAKHSTAN

UNITED FIRE & SECURITY FZCA4-006, SAIF ZonePO Box 122009Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesTel: +971 6 5575176Fax: +971 6 5570535 Email: [email protected]/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

INDECO CORPORATION B-704 Daelim Acrotower1591 Kwangyang-DongDonan-Ku, Anyang-Si, Kyunggi-Do Tel: +82 31 4789 150 Fax: +82 31 4789 154 Email: [email protected] Dealer/DistributorMACAU

CENTURION FIRE FIGHTING CO Room A, 13th FloorGo-Up Commercial Building 998, Canton Road, Mongkok, Kowloon Contact: Johnny Yuen (Manager)Tel: (00 852) 2332 7071Fax: (00 852) 2332 6145 Email: [email protected] Dealer/DistributorMALAYSIA (EAST)

KINSAJASA SDN BHD 1st Floor, 2298, Pujut 5 Shoplot98000 Miri, SarawakTel: +60 85 665802/660423Fax: +60 85 655803/655402 Email: [email protected]/DistributorMALAYSIA (WEST)

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD 10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/940000 Shah Alam, SelangorDarul EhsanTel: +60 3 55105071/55100957Fax: +60 3 55104486 Email: [email protected]/DistributorMALDIVES

ANTIFIRE CO PVT LTDPO Box 247, G. GracesNirolhu Magu, Male Tel: +960 310322 Fax: +960 310323 Email: [email protected]: www.antifiremaldives.com Dealer/DistributorNEPAL

MOTHERLAND TRADERSPO Box 938, BhimsengolaBaneswar, Kathmandu Tel: +977 1 480534 Fax: +977 1 474229 Email: [email protected] Dealer/DistributorPAKISTAN

FIRESTOP AIDS PVT LTD6/B First Floor, Dinar Chambers, PO Box 5786West Wharf Road, Karachi 74000 Tel: +92 21 231 3065 Fax: +92 21 231 0457 Email: [email protected] Website: www.firestopaids.com Dealer/DistributorPHILIPPINES

ALARM SYSTEMS CORP Unit 3205, Summit-1, Office Tower530 Shaw Blvd, Mandulayong City Contact: Allen LimTel: +632 532 0556 Fax: +632 533 6476 Email: [email protected]: www.alarmsystems.ph Dealer/DistributorSINGAPORE

KIDDE ASIA PTE LTD70 Bendemeer Road, #02-02Luzerne Building, Singapore 339940 Tel: +65 6424 7979 Fax: +65 6424 7978 Email: [email protected]: www.kiddeasia.com Representative Office

YEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LTD18 Penhas Road, Singapore 208182 Tel: +65 6290 9890 Fax: +65 6296 1444 Email: [email protected] Website: www.fireweld.com.sg Dealer/Distributor

SRI LANKA

CBE COMMUNICATIONS & BUSINESSEQUIPMENT99/6 Rosmead Place, Colombo 7 Tel: +94 112 699 699 Fax: +94 112 695 047Email: [email protected] Website: www.cbe.lk Dealer/DistributorTAIWAN

SENSOR LTD No. 8-1, Rueiguang Road, Neihu ChiuTaipai, Taiwan 114 Contact: Alex Jeng Tel: (00 886) 2 8792 9881 Fax: (00 886) 2 8792 9885 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sensorfire.com Dealer/DistributorTHAILAND

KAMPUWAT CO LTD 267/308-309 Sukhumvit RoadT. Maptaphut A. Muang, Rayong 21150 Tel: +66 38608718 Fax: +66 38608720Email: [email protected] Dealer/DistributorVIETNAM

KIDDE ASIA PTE LTD 70 Bendemeer Road, #02-02Luzerne Building, Singapore 339940 Tel: +65 6424 7979 Fax: +65 6424 7978 Email: [email protected]: www.kiddeasia.com Representative Office

BAUERCOMPRESSORSAUSTRALIA

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN AUSTRALIAPTY LTD2/35 Hallstrom Place, Wetherill ParkSydney, NSW 2164 AustraliaTel: +61 (0)2 9756 2700 Fax: +61 (0)2 9756 1700Email: [email protected] Bauer Subsidiary OfficeBANGLADESH

BIZ2SAFE ENTERPRISE PTE LTD192/1 East Kafrul, Dhaka Cantonment Dhaka 1206, BangladeshContact: Mr GuptaTel: 88 0 2 875 0010 or 9198 202 98969 Fax: 88 0 2 871 4400Email: [email protected]/DistributorBRUNEI

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD2 Penjuru Place, #01-05 Penjuru Tech HubSingapore 608783Contact: Mr Russell Parton (Managing Director)Tel: +65 6271 6271 Fax: +65 6272 3345Email: [email protected] Subsidiary OfficeCHINA

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN SHANGHAI LTD878 Jianchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai, China 200240 Tel: +86 21 5471 3598 Fax: +86 21 5471 3818Email: [email protected] Subsidiary OfficeFRENCH POLYNESIA

TAHITI SPORTPO Box 62, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French PolynesiaContact: Mr Thierry AlberolaTel: +689 505959 Fax: +689 421775Email: [email protected]/DistributorHONG KONG

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN CHINA LTDUnit 1802, Seaview Centre, 139-141 Hoi Bun Road Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Tel: 852-2595 1898 Fax: 852-2595 0878 Email: [email protected] Bauer Subsidiary Office


Distributor and Representative Offices

INDIA

BAUER KOMPRESSOREN INDIA PVT LTDA 71/72, H Block, MIDC PimpriPune – 411 018 , India Tel: +91 20 67308100 to 7Fax: +91 20 27487000 Email: [email protected] Bauer Subsidiary OfficeINDONESIA

DIVEMASTERS INDONESIA Jalan Bangka Raya, No. 39A Pela MampangJakarta 12720, IndonesiaTel: 62-21 719 9045 Fax: 62-21 719 8974Email: [email protected]: www.divemasters.co.idDealer/DistributorKOREA

TECKO CO LTD2F, SK@Technopark, Mega-Dong190-1 Sangdaewon-Dong, Sungnam-CityKyungki-Do 462 807, KoreaContact: Mr K Y LeeTel: +82 31 776 2442 Fax: +82 31 776 2444Email: [email protected]/DistributorMALAYSIA

SK CRYOGENICS SDN BHDNo. 16 Jalan Anngerik Mokara 31/52Section 31, Kota Kemuning40460 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaContact: Mr Steve KellettTel: +60 3 5122 4269 Fax: +60 3 5122 4235Email: [email protected]/DistributorPAKISTAN

ALPINE INDUSTRIALCON PVT LTD305/2 G.T. Road, BaghbanpuraLahore, PakistanContact: Mr Kashif AhmadTel: +92 42 685 2313 Fax: +92 42 655 3674Email: [email protected]/DistributorPHILIPPINES

CEBU ERNBRI IMPORT INC/AQUAVENTURE WHITETIP DIVE SUPPLYErmita Office: Unit 101 Joncor II Bldg#1362 A. Mabini StreetErmita Manila Philippines 1000, PhilippinesContact: Mr Brian L GilesTel: +632 521 0433 Fax: +632 522 1165Email: [email protected]/DistributorSINGAPORE

BAUER COMPRESSORS ASIA PTE LTD2 Penjuru Place, #01-05 Penjuru Tech HubSingapore 608783Contact: Mr Stephen Hines (Managing Director)Tel: +65 6271 6271 Fax: +65 6272 3345Email: [email protected] Subsidiary Office

MARINE & INDUSTRIAL COMPRESSORS304 Thomson Road, Singapore 307654Contact: Mr C H SngTel: +65 6250 6018 Fax: +65 6253 8443Email: [email protected]/DistributorSRI LANKA

HALCHEM LANKA PVT LTDNo 7, Siri Dhamma MawathaColombo 10, Sri LankaContact: Mr Cyril Halloluwa Managing DirectorTel: +94 11 5843213 and 5843219 (Direct)Fax: +94 11 2674 615 and 2792 406Email: [email protected]: www.halchem-lanka.comDealer/DistributorTAIWAN

MING SHEN ENTERPRISE CO LTD5, PaShih 1 Street, DanShui TownTaipei, Taiwan 25170, TaiwanContact: Mr Tom TsengTel: +886 (2) 2809 5789Fax: +886 (2) 2809 6189Email: [email protected]/Distributor

THAILAND

DIVE SUPPLY CO LTD 88/5 Patak Rd, Chalong Bay, Phuket 83130, Thailand Tel: +66 (76) 383414 Fax: +66 (76) 281525 Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

INTERSOL ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD7/288 Moo 6, Chaengwattana RoadBhanmai, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120, ThailandContact: Mr NathananTel: +66 2 9808754 Fax: +66 2 9808753Email: [email protected]/DistributorVIETNAM

FRANCO-PACIFIC VIETNAM CO LTD55 Ho Hao Hon Street, District 1Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamContact: Mr Colm MinogueTel: +84 8 836 0257 Fax: +84 8 836 1387Email: [email protected]/Distributor

BRISTOL UNIFORMSAUSTRALIA

PAC FIRE AUSTRALIA (formerly PacificHelmets Australia)1/28 Burnside Road, Hallmarc Business ParkYatala Qld 4207, Australia Tel: +61 7 3441 7100 Fax: +61 7 3441 7177Email: [email protected]: www.pacfire.com.auDealer/DistributorBANGLADESH

MANIK BROTHERSHai Mansion (3rd Floor)9/3 Motijheel Circular RoadDhaka – 1000, BangladeshContact: Mr A K BhowmickTel: +880 2 7100 589 Fax: +880 2 7100 386Email: [email protected]/DistributorBRUNEI

YEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LTD18 Penhas Road, 208182, SingaporeTel: +65 62909890 Fax: +65 62961444Email: [email protected]/DistributorCHINA

SHENZHEN RUFN INDUSTRIAL CO LTDRM-701, 7/F Leaser Tower, 1st Fuhua RdShenzhen, ChinaContact: Amy JinTel: +86 755 8399 9581 Fax: +86 755 8399 9548Email: [email protected] Dealer/DistributorFIJI

PHILLIPS & SMITH LTD10 Akatea Road, GlendeneAuckland, New ZealandContact: Mr S HamptonTel: +649 818 8048 Fax: +649 818 4484Email: [email protected]: www.firemaster.co.nzDealer/DistributorHONG KONG

CHUBB HONG KONG LTD10/F Octa Tower8 Lam Chak Street Kowloon BayKowloon, Hong Kong Contact: Simon TsangTel: +852 2746 9736 Fax: +852 2627 6768Email: [email protected]: www.chubb.com.hkDealer/DistributorINDIA

FOREMOST MARKETING PVT LTDM-1 Green Park ExtnNew Delhi 110016 IndiaContact: Mr Vinay KhannaTel: +91 11 261 969 82 Fax: +91 11 261 669 61Email: [email protected]: www.foremostsafety.com Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIAPT INSPIRAN IDEAL INDOTAMAJl. Pejaten Barat No. 39Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan 12510Indonesia Contact: Lim Tiam Hwat Tel: 62-21-7182472 Mobile: 62-816889164 Fax: 62-21-7182578Email: [email protected] Website: www.inspiran.co.idDealer/DistributorJAPAN

ABLE-YAMAUCHI CO LTDYokohama Nishiguchi, SIA Building10-36 Kitasaiwai2-Chome Nishi-KuYokohama 220-0004, Japan Contact: S Yamauchi Tel: +81 45 312 1130 Fax: +81 45 312 1350Email: [email protected]: www.able.yamauchi.co.jpDealer/DistributorMALAYSIA

DASAPREM (M) SDN BHD10 & 12 Jalan Muara 8/940000 Shah AlamSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysiaContact: Mr Prem R MurthyTel: +603 550 9060 Fax: +603 550 4486Email: [email protected]: www.dasaprem.comDealer/DistributorNEW ZEALAND

PHILLIPS & SMITH LTD10 Akatea Road, GlendeneAuckland, New ZealandContact: Mr S HamptonTel: +649 818 8048 Fax: +649 818 4484Email: [email protected]: www.firemaster.co.nzDealer/DistributorPHILIPPINES

24 HR RESOURCES CORPORATION602 A San Joaquin StCor Sto Nino St BrgyPlainview Mandaluyong City1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesContact: Raffy Alpajaro – Account ManagerTel +632 5311258Email: [email protected]

SINGAPOREYEN LEE FIREWELD PTE LTD18 Penhas Road, 208182Singapore Tel: +65 62909890 Fax: +65 62961444Email: [email protected]: www.fireweld.com.sg Dealer/DistributorSRI LANKA FIRETECH (PRIVATE) LTD34 Walter Gunesekara MawathaNawala, Sri Lanka Contact: Leon DanielsTel: +94 11 4410588 Fax: +94 11 2806666Email: [email protected]/DistributorTAIWANSHENG-TAI FIRE PROTECTIONINDUSTRIAL CO LTDNo 222-2 Sec2, Cheng Tai RdWu-Ku Shiang, TaipeiHsien, TaiwanContact: Liu Yuan HungTel: +886 22292 1751 Fax: +886 22291 1984Email: [email protected] Website: www.shengtai.com.tw Dealer/DistributorVIETNAMTRAN VU TRADING CO LTD 61 Ban Co Street, District 3, Hochiminh City, Viet NamContact: Tran Vu HongTel: +84 88325101 Fax: +84 88309586Email: [email protected]: www.tranvufire.comDealer/Distributor


DISTRIBUTOR AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

COLTRI ASIA PACIFICAUSTRALIA

UNDERWATER SALES PT LTD458 King Georges Rd, Beverly Hills, N.S.W 2209 Tel: 0400 348 377 Fax: 612 95024657Dealer/DistributorCHINA

SHANGHAI PANNY TRADING CO LTD142 Lane 82 Jialin Rd, Pudong new areaShanghai Code: 201206 Contact: Mr. ToddTel: +86-21-50314490 Fax: +86-21-50314491Email: [email protected]: www.coltrisub-china.comDealer/DistributorHONG KONG AND MACAU

WAH SHING COMPANYNO. 2B -2C, G/F., Larch StreetTai Kok Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong SARContact: Miss Jackio KwokTel: +852 2391 3997, +852 2391 4084Fax: +852 2789 4638Email: [email protected] DistributorINDIA, BHUTAN, NEPAL AND BANGLADESH

JYOTECH ENGG & MKTGCONSULTANTSCorp. HQ: B-127, Sector 65, NOIDA – 201301 Distt Gautam Budh Nagar, U.PTel: Direct: 0120-4711304, 0120-4711300Mobile: 09811115979 Fax: 0120-4711317Email: [email protected]: www.jyotech.comSubsidiariesEmail: jyotech [email protected]: jyotech [email protected]: jyotech [email protected] DistributorINDONESIA

DIVEMASTERS INDONESIA, BALIJl. By Pass I Gusti Ngurah Rai No. 314 SanurDenpasar 80228 Bali, IndonesiaTel: +62361 283138 Fax: +62361 285736Email: [email protected]/Distributor

DIVEMASTERS INDONESIA, JAKARTAJl.Bangka Raya No.39A, Jakarta 12720, IndonesiaTel: +6221 7199045 Fax: +6221 7198974Email: [email protected]/Distributor

LAUTAN MAS Jl. Toko Tiga No. 24, Jakarta 11230, IndonesiaTel: +62 (0) 21 690-1333 Fax: +62 (0) 21 690 2479Email: [email protected] Website: www.lautanmas.comDealer/DistributorKOREA, REPUBLIC OF

DONGJIN ENGINEERING CO LTDGwansan-Dong 570, Deokyang-GuGoyang-City, Gyunggi-Do, KoreaTel: 82-31-969-7286/7 Fax: 82-31-969-7284 Email: Mr Inchul Yoo/ President ([email protected]), Mr Sky Shin/ Director ([email protected])Website: www.dongjineng.or.krDealer/DistributorMALAYSIA

RAINBOW RUNNER S/B383D Jln Ampang 50450Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaBranch: 3.06, Plaza Berjaya Jln Imbi 55100 Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaTel: +60 (03) 42514368 or 42515368Branch: +60 (03) 21414587 Fax: +60 (03) 42511268Branch: +60 (03) 21487440Website: www.rainbowrunner.netDealer/DistributorMALDIVES

COLTRI COMPRESSORS MALDIVESTel: +9607924199 Fax: +9603321837Email: [email protected] Website: www.coltrisubmaldives.comDealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

AIR TECHNOLOGY LIMITEDP.O. Box 305065, Triton PlazaAuckland 0757, New ZealandContact: Ross Irvine, Managing DirectorTel: 64-9-478 9995 Fax: 64-9-478 6221Email: [email protected]: www.divecompressors.co.nzExclusive DistributorPHILIPPINES

PACIFICA DIVE CENTER, INC Unit 406, Alabang Corporate Centerkm25 West Service Road, AlabangMuntinlupa City, PhilippinesTel: (632)8509874 Fax: (632)8423271Email: [email protected],[email protected]/DistributorSINGAPORE

ALLROUND ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGIES PTE LTD 105 Sims Ave, #03-06 Chancerlodge ComplexSingapore 387429, SingaporeTel: +65 6749 2778 Fax: +65 6749 2977Email: [email protected] DistributorSRI LANKA

V. M. PRO DIVE LANKA ( PVT) LTDNo: 30/90 S, Longdon Place, (Malala SekaraMawatha), Colombo – 7, Sri LankaTel: ++9431-5679596 Fax: ++94312275010Email: [email protected]/DistributorTAIWAN

NELVIN CO LTD 14F-6, No. 76, Sec. 1, Fu-Shings RdTaipei, Taiwan Tel: (886) 2-2721-9770 Fax: (886)2-8773-2047Email: [email protected] Website: www.nelven.com.twDealer/DistributorTHAILAND, VIETNAM, CAMBODIA

SIAM DIVING ENTERPRISES ASIAPACIFIC CO LTD50/10 Moo 2, Chaloemprakiat Ratchakan Thi 9 Road, Soi 48, Dokmai, PrawetBangkok, 10250, ThailandTel: +66 2 726-6101-5 Fax: +66 2 726-6106Email: [email protected] Website: www.scuba-diving-equipment.comExclusive DistributorVIETNAM

COLTRI COMPRESSORS VIETNAM120/54a Nguyen Thien Thuat StreetNha Trang, VietnamTel: +84 (0) 914 029 790 Fax: +84 (0) 58 252 0576Email: [email protected] Website: www.coltrisubvietnam.comDealer/Distributor

CON-SPACECOMMUNICATIONSAUSTRALIA

INLINE SYSTEMS P/L8 Prosperity ParadeWarriewood NSW 2102, AustraliaTel: 61 2 9999 2696Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

CHINA

ANCOM SYSTEMS INCBuilding 5, Courtyard 10, BeijingContact: Wang, Jacinta FTel: 86-10-6202-2792Email: [email protected]/Distributor

BEIJING CBT MACHINE & ELECTRICEQUIPMENT INCRoom 503, Building H, TimecourtNo. 6 yard, BeijingContact: Chou, YuTel: 010-84440107/8Email: [email protected]/Distributor

OCEANS SAFETY EQUIP CO LTDRm19A 10 & 11, Jazz Mansion, ShenzhenContact: Zhang, EchoTel: 86-755-8328-0633Email: [email protected]/Distributor

WUXI NEW FIRETRE SAFETECH LTDBlock 3 Long Shan Wen Bo Industrial ParkWuxi, Jiang Su PRCContact: Wang, ChadTel: 86 510 139 0619 8090Email: [email protected]: www.wfs.com.cnDealer/Distributor

HONG KONG

EASTERN FORUM FE CO LTDUnit A2, 1/F No 1123 Canton Road, Mong KokContact: Fung, Eddy K PTel: 852-278-734-64Email: [email protected]: www.rescue.com.hkDealer/Distributor

SUPREME CORoom 1812, Park-In Commercial CenterMong KokContact: Chau, GaryTel: 852-27808818Email: [email protected]: www.supremeco.com.hkDealer/DistributorINDIA

UNI(CARE) EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTPVT LTDLeslico House, 2nd Floor Prof. V.S. Agashe RoadMumbai 400028, IndiaTel: 91-22-24221878 Fax: 91-22-24306044Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

P.T. MITRA TEKNIKATAMAJl Ekor Kuning No: 1, JakartaContact: Prabowo, BudhiTel: 62-21 6602144Email: [email protected]/Distributor

JAPAN

TEISEN – TEIKOKU SERI-I CO LTD103-0027, TokyoContact: Katano, YasuTel: 81 3 3281 3033Email: [email protected]: www.teisen.co.jpDealer/Distributor

KOREA

KEO WHA R & F CO LTDRM 1, FL 1, Jiwoo BuildingSeoulContact: Zyung, KennethTel: 82 02 335 0145 7Email: [email protected]/Distributor

MACAO

GOLDEN BLOSSOM TRADING CO LTD9/D, Nam Yue Commercial CentreNo.19, Calcada de St. Agostinho, MacauTel: +853 28365357 Fax: +853 28365425 Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

ALL DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD14 Jansen Close, SingaporeContact: Phua AugustineTel: 065 6387 8887Email: [email protected]/Distributor

WASILAH HOLDINGS SDN BHDNo 15 & 17, Jin 3/4CKuala LumpurContact: Abdullah, Nor AzilizaTel: 603 410 761 01Email: [email protected]/Distributor



PHILIPPINES

RESQTEK INDUSTRIAL SALES402 Paltoc St. Sta. Mesa, ManilaContact: Agudo, DonnTel: 632 715 3660Email: [email protected]/DistributorSINGAPORE

ALL DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY PTE LTD14 Jansen CloseSingapore 648484, SingaporeTel: 065 6387 8887 Dealer/DistributorTAIWAN

SUPER PREMIUM CO LTD18F-5, No. 16, Jian Ba RoadChung Ho CityContact: Yeh, AnnieTel: 886-2-822-65-855Email: [email protected]/DistributorTHAILAND

S.P. & ASSOCIATES LTD40/747 1st Fl Moo 10 Nuanjan RKhet BuengkumContact: Eddie, ETel: 66-2-946-1593-98Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SEA AIR THAI CO LTD98 Soi Ramintra 49BangkokContact: Raskin, CraigTel: 668-7900-0783Email: [email protected]: www.seaairthai.comDealer/DistributorVIETNAM

APTES VIETNAM, JSCGround floor, 39 Nguyen Trai TowerHa NoiContact: Le Tung, DaoTel: 84 4 568 1886Email: [email protected]: www.aptes.com.vnDealer/Distributor

LACVIET TECHNICAL SCIENTIFITIC &ELECTRIC CO LTD152 Nguyen Hong Dao Str, Ward 14Ho Chi Minh CityContact: Nguyen, TuanTel: 84 8 8492 734Email: [email protected]: www.lacviettech.com.vnDealer/Distributor

AUSTRALIA

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, VieraFl 32955, USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543 Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected]: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative OfficeCHINA

ANCOMBuilding 5, Courtyard 10 Village, MiddleroadNorth 3rd Ring RoadContact: Pei ZhangTel: 86 10 6202 2792 Fax: 86 10 6207 7929Email: [email protected]: www.ancom.cn/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/Distributor

NORLAN ENTERPRISES INC Room 952, #218 Tang Li Road, ChinaContact: Helen WangTel: 86 10 8467 3721/8467 3722Fax: 86 10 8467 3770Email: [email protected]: www.norlan.cn/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/Distributor

WUXI NEW FIRETRE SAFETECH LTD Block 3, Long Shan Wen Bo Industrial ParkQian Yao Road, Hu Bin DistrictWuxi, Jiangsu Provence, PRC 214151Tel: +86 510 8225 5991 Fax: +86 510 8275 4257Email: [email protected] Website: www.wfs.com.cnDealer/DistributorINDIA

ASKA EQUIPMENTS LTDAska House, 193 Deepali, Deepali ChowkOuter Ring Road – PitampuraNew Delhi 110 034, IndiaContact: Navdeep GargTel: 91 11 27014416/27014417Fax: 91 11 27014413Email: [email protected]: www.askagroup.com/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/DistributorINDONESIA

PT. MITRA TEKNIKATAMA SUPPLINDOJl. Ekor Kuning No.1 Pasar IkanJakarta Utara 14440 – IndonesiaTel: +62 216602144 Fax: +62 216602146Email: [email protected]/DistributorISRAEL

OFER FIRE RESCUE & SALVAGE LTDBinyamina 30500, IsraelContact: Ofer HalamishTel: 972 4 6288444 Fax: 972 4 6288555Email: [email protected]: www.ofer.co.il/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/DistributorJAPAN

TEIKOKU SEN-I CO LTD5-13,2 Chome NihonbashiChuo-Ku, Tokyo 103, JapanTel: 81-3-3281-3026 Fax: 81-3-3274-6397Email: [email protected]: www.teisen.co.jp/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/DistributorKOREA

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, Viera, Fl 32955, USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543 Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected]: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative OfficeMALAYSIA

CITO MARKETING, SDN BHDNo. 11, Jalan SS15/4B, Subang Jaya47500 Petaling JayaSelangor, Darul EhsanContact: Ahmad Nazmi Abu RaihanTel: +603 5631 1286 Fax: +603 5634 0583Email: [email protected]@citogroup.com.myWebsite: www.cuttersedge.comDealer/DistributorPHILLIPINES

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, Viera, Fl 32955 USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543 Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected] Website: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative OfficeSINGAPORE

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, Viera, Fl 32955 USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543 Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected] Website: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative OfficeSOUTH KOREA

JINUTEC INTERNATIONAL DIVISION711 Visiontop Officetel 374-4Won-Dong, Osan-CitySouth KoreaContact: Na Hae-YulTel: 82 31 375 8558 Fax: 82 31 375 4884Email: [email protected]: www.jinutec.com/www.cuttersedge.comDealer/Distributor

THAILAND

KDW CONSULTING LLC3023 Sonoma Way, VieraFl 32955 USAContact: Kenton D WarnerTel: 321 636 4543 Fax: 928 438 6382Email: [email protected]: www.cuttersedge.comRepresentative OfficeU.A.E. DUBAI

PETROYAS FZEPO 262078, Jebel AliUnited Arab EmiratesContact: Mr. Mohammed Arfath, Sales EngineerTel: +971 (4) 4270260 Fax: +971 (4) 4270250Email: [email protected]/Distributor

MARINATEC LLCNo. 120512th FloorGrosvenor Commercial TowerSheikh Zayeed RoadDubai, U.A.E.Contact: Mr. IliatiEmail: [email protected]/Distributor

DELTA FIREAUSTRALIA

DELTA FIRE AUSTRALASIA PTY LTDPO Box 2149Mansfield, QLD 4122AustraliaTel: +61(0)73349 7817Fax: +61(0)73219 4182Email: [email protected]: www.deltafire.com.auRepresentative Office

AUSTRALIA

DRAEGER SAFETY PACIFIC PTY LTD Axxess Corporate Park Unit 99/45 Gilby Road, Mt. WaverleyVIC 3149Australia Tel: +61 3 9265 5000Fax: +61 3 9265 5095Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.comRepresentative Office CHINA

BEIJING FORTUNE DRAEGER SAFETYEQUIPMENT CO LTD A22, Yun An Road, B AreaTianzhu Airport Industrial ZoneBeijing 101300, China Tel: +86 10 8049 8000 Ext. 213Fax: +86 10 8049 8005Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.comRepresentative Office INDONESIA

DRAEGER JAYA PTBeverly Antasari BuildingJl. Pangeran Antasari No.67Unit L, Cilandak BaratJakarta Selatan 12430Indonesia Tel: +62 21 7513 289 or +62 81 1907 678 Fax: +62 21 7512 052 Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.com Representative Office JAPAN

DRAEGER SAFETY JAPAN LTD3-8-1 Toyo, Koto-KuTokyo 135-0016Japan Tel: +81 3 4461 5111Fax: +81 3 4461 5100 Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.com Representative Office



KOREA (SOUTH)

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD(KOREA REP. OFFICE) #306 Samwhan Digital Venture Tower280-13 Seongsu 2-ga 3-dongSeongdong-guSeoul 133-120, Korea (South)Tel: +82 2 64 15 8222 Fax: +82 2 64 15 8223 Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.comRepresentative Office MALAYSIA

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD(MALAYSIA) 14, Jalan PJS, 11/18 Bandar Sunway46150 Petaling Jaya, SelangorMalaysiaTel: +60 3 5635 6460 Fax: +60 3 5635 4171 Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.com Representative Office SINGAPORE

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD 67 Ayer Rajah Crescent#06-03, 139950 SingaporeTel: +65 6872 9288 Fax: +65 6512 1908 Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.com Regional Office TAIWAN

DRAEGER SAFETY TAIWAN CO LTD12F, Kuohua Building, 868-5Chung Cheng Rd.Chung Ho City 235TaiwanTel: +886 2 2223 6388 Fax: +886 2 2223 2258 Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.com Representative Office THAILAND

DRAEGER SAFETY (THAILAND) LTD123/20 Nonsi RdChong NonsiYannawaBangkok 10120ThailandTel: +66 2 681 1781 Fax: +66 2 681 1780 Email: [email protected] Website: www.draeger.com Representative Office VIETNAM

DRAEGER SAFETY ASIA PTE LTD No 5-A2 Nguyen Khanh Toan StreetCau Giay DistrictHanoiVietnamTel: +84 4 2813463 Fax: +84 4 2813461 Email: [email protected]: www.draeger.com Representative Office

DR STHAMERHAMBURGSINGAPORE

TETRA FIRE ENGINEERING PTE LTD10 Ubi Crescent #05-04, Ubi TechparkSingapore 408564Contact: Mr T S LeeTel: (65) 6841 4429Fax: (65) 6841 5267 Email: [email protected]/DistributorINDIA

M/S ASKA EQUIPMENTS LTDAska House, 193 Deepali SquareOuter Ring RoadPitampura, New Delhi - 110 034, IndiaContact: Mr. Harsh A. Garg – Director (All India Sales)Tel: 011 27014416/27014417Mobile: +91 9910999651Fax: 011 27014413Email: [email protected]: www.askagroup.comDealer/Distributor

DUPONT FIREEXTINGUISHANTSCHINA

DUPONT CHINA HOLDING CO LTD Shanghai Branch Building #11 No.399 Keyuan Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203 ChinaTel: 86-21-38622270 Fax: 86-21-38622460 Representative OfficeINDIA

E.I.DUPONT INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED7th Floor Tower C, DLF Cyber Greens Sector-25A, DLFCity, Phase-III, Gurgaon, Haryana 122 002, India Tel: +91-124-409-1818Fax: +91-124-254-0889/90/91/92 Representative OfficeKOREA, REPUBLIC OF

DUPONT (KOREA) INCAsia Tower 3F, 726 Yeoksam-dong, Kangnam-KuSeoul, 135-719, Korea, Republic of Tel: +82 2 2222 5420Representative OfficeMALAYSIA

DUPONT MALAYSIA SDN BHD6th Fl, Bangunan Samudra No. 1, Jalan KontraktorU1/14, Shah Alam, Selangor 40150Malaysia Tel: +60 35 567-2500 Fax: +60 35 569-2994 Representative OfficeSINGAPORE

DUPONT COMPANY (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD1 HarbourFront Place #11-01HarbourFront Tower OneSingapore 098633Tel: 279-3959 Fax: 65-65863696 Representative Office

AUSTRALIA

FIRE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES PTY LTDUnit 1/251, Ferntree Gully Road PO Box 75, Mt WaverleyVictoria 3149, Australia Tel: +61 3 8542 8901 Fax: +61 3 9543 9109 Email: [email protected]: www.fire-protection.com.auDealer/DistributorBANGLADESH

MARS SYNDICATE114A, New DOHS, Eastern Rd. Lane #6Mohakhali Dhaka # 1206BangladeshContact: Ms.Purabi Matin CEO/Mr. Akm Rasid Hassan TechnicalTel: +88 02-882 6893 +88 018-1922 6281Email: [email protected]/DistributorCHINA

I-SAFE FIRE EQUIPMENT (TIANJIN) LTDNo.16, Chong Qing StreetJin Nan District, Tian JinP.R. China Tel: +86 22 8882 6965 Fax: +86 22 8882 6970 Email: [email protected] Dealer/DistributorHONG KONG

THE JARDINE ENGINEERINGCORPORATION LTD5/F Tower A, Manulife Financial223-231, Wai Yip StreetKwun Tong, KowloonHong Kong Tel: 852 2807 4684 Fax: 852 2503 4210 Email: [email protected]: www.jec.comDealer/Distributor

INDIA

NEWAGE FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERS7, Champaklal Udyong BhavanSion (E) Mumbai 400 022India Tel: +91 22 2407 7421 Fax: +91 22 2407 4229Email: [email protected]: www.newage-india.comDealer/DistributorINDONESIA

KARYA LESTARI MAKMUR PTJl. Pangeran Jayakarta, 85AKJakarta 10730, IndonesiaTel: +62 21 628 1933 Fax: +62 21 628 1976Email: [email protected]/DistributorKOREA

FIRO CO LTD2F, Youngkang B/D, 667-12Daelim-3-DongYeongdeungpo-Gu, Seoul KoreaContact: Mr. Towering Y.S SonTel: (82-2)-2668 5911 Fax: (82-2)-2668 5914Email: [email protected]/DistributorMALAYSIA

FIKE ASIA PACIFIC SDN BHD18B, 2nd Floor, Jalan Astak L U8/LBukit Jelutong40150 Shah Alam, SelangorMalaysiaTel: +60 3 7859 1462 Fax: +60 3 7859 1461Email: [email protected]: www.fike.comRepresentative Office

SUKIADA ENGINEERING SDN BHDNo. 20 Jalan Astaka L U8/LBukit Jelutong40150 Shah Alam, SelangorMalaysiaTel: +60 3 7845 2008 Fax: +60 3 7845 6008Email: [email protected]: www.sukiada.com.myDealer/DistributorNEW ZEALAND

FIRE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES LTD Unit B1, 8 Henry Rose PlaceAlbany 0632North ShoreAuckland, New Zealand Tel: +64 (09) 415 5488 Fax: +64 (09) 443 7867 Email: [email protected] Website: www.fire-protection.com.auPAKISTAN

MGH ENGINEERING AND CONTROL PVT LTD H. # 20 St., #5/A Kot ShahabdinShahdrah, Lahore 54950Pakistan Tel: +92 42 7913064 Fax: +92 42 7913064 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mgheng.com Dealer/DistributorPHILIPPINES

FIRE SOLUTIONS INC1028 Malaya StreetMalanday Marikina City1805 PhilippinesTel: +63 2 371 9774 Fax: +63 2 374 3041Email: [email protected]/DistributorSINGAPORE

AZCEND ASIA PTE LTDBlk 21, Kallang Avenue #04-165Singapore 339412Tel: (65) 6299 0798 Fax: (65) 6299 3735Email: [email protected]/DistributorSRI LANKA

BUILDING SERVICES (M&E) ENGINEERINTERNATIONAL PVT LTD122, Dawson Street, Colombo 02, Sri Lanka Tel: +94 11 4717 500 Fax: +94 11 245 4653 Email: [email protected] Dealer/Distributor



TAIWAN

SUNMORN INC7F.-2, 76, Nan Jing W. RoadTaipei 10352, TaiwanTel: +886 2 2550 3500 Fax: +886 2 2550 5350Email: [email protected]: www.sunmoreinc.comDealer/DistributorTHAILAND

ANTI-FIRE CO LTD316-316/1, Sukhumvit 22 RoadKlongtoeyBangkok 10110, ThailandTel: +66 2 260 4565 Fax: +66 2 258 2422Email: [email protected]: www.antifire.comDealer/DistributorVIETNAM

EUROPEAN TECH JSCNo. 50, 218/27Lac Long Quan StreetTay Ho Dist., HanoiVietnamTel: +84 4 3755 7179 Fax: +84 4 3755 7178 Email: [email protected]/Distributor

FIRE FIGHTINGENTERPRISESAUSTRALIA

AMPAC TECHNOLOGY PTY LTD7 Ledgar Road, BalcattaWestern Australia 6021 Tel: +618 9242 3333 Fax: +618 9242 3334Website: www.ampac.netDealer/Distributor

KOREA

HI MAX CO LTDSicox Tower, 115-Ho 513-14, Sangdaewon-DongJungwon-Gu, Sungnam-CityKyungki Do, KoreaTel: +82 31 769 7698Dealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

FITTERS ENG SERVS SDN BHDNo.1 Block C, Jalan DataranSd1 Pju 9, 52200 Bandar SriDamansara, Kuala Lumpar, MalaysiaTel: +60 3 62767155 Fax: +60 3 62758712Dealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND

AMPAC INDUSTRIES LTDPO Box 100-149, North Shore Mail CentreGlenfield, Auckland Tel: +64 94438072 Fax: +64 94438073Dealer/DistributorSINGAPORE

ACCLAIM SYSTEMS PTE LTDBlk 104, Boon Keng Road, 05-01 Singapore 339775Tel: +656 2990 798 Fax: +656 299 3735Dealer/Distributor

ALARM SUPPLY PTE LTD63 Jalan Pemimpin, 03-07Pemimpin Industrial BldgSingapore 577219 Tel: 00 656 258 3445 Fax: 00 656 258 6428Dealer/DistributorTAIWAN

HORING LIH IND CO LTD4f No 18 Lane 327 Chung Shan RoadSec 2, Chung-Ho-CityTaipei Hsien, TaiwanTel: +886 2224 87599 Fax: +886 2224 07752Dealer/DistributorTHAILAND

TEEYA MASTER SYSTS CO LTD100/101-102 Vongvanji, Building B, 30th FlrRama 9 Road, Huaykhwang, Bangkok 10320, ThailandTel: +662 2 6451130 Fax: +662 2 2488540Dealer/Distributor

HOLMATRO RESCUEEQUIPMENTAUSTRALIA

CHUBB FIRE & SAFETY149-155 Milton StreetAshfield, NSW 2131Tel: +61 (0)2 9581 6666 Fax: +61 (0)2 9581 6426Email: [email protected]: www.chubb.com.auDealer/DistributorBANGLADESH

SPERRY INTERNATIONAL5/5, Block – A (1st floor), IQBAL RoadMohammadpur, Dhaka – 1207BangladeshContact: Mr Nazrul ShaheedTel: +88 02 911 02 64/+88 02 812 08 45Fax: +88 02 912 02 41Email: [email protected] Website: www.sam-sperry.comDealer/DistributorBRUNEI

IECS SDN BHD13A Simpang 544-22, Jalan JerudongB.S.B. Brunei DarussalamContact: Roger Sim Tel: +673 2 612 717 Fax: +673 2 612 720Email: [email protected]/DistributorCHINA

HOLMATRO CHINAUnit 14/D – 9 Joy Tower9 Zhen Ning RoadShanghai 200050, P. R. China Contact: Floris EversTel: +86 21 5238 7330 Fax: +86 21 5238 7320Email: [email protected]: www.holmatro-china.comRepresentative OfficeHONG KONG

ABLESLINK CO LTDUnit B4, 2/F., Block B, Sheung Shui Plaza3 Ka Fu Close, Sheung Shui, N.T.Hong KongContact: Mr Randy HauTel: +852-2466 4568 Fax: +852-2466 4569Email: [email protected]/DistributorINDIA

RESQ TECHNOLOGIESC - 202, Shilalekh, Opp. Police StadiumShahibag, Ahmedabad - 380 004, IndiaContact: Rohit V ShahMobile: +91-9427310159/9924210159Fax: +91-79-25627194Email: [email protected]/DistributorINDONESIA

PT ESA KARYA MANDIRIjl.Sunter ParadiseTimur Raya, F21 No. C42Jakarta 14350Contact: Mr Benny N LiemTel: 062-21-6412936/65303502Fax: 062-21-6412937Email: [email protected]/DistributorJAPAN

AKAO & CO LTD4-13-1 Shinmachi Nishi-kuOsaka, Japan 550-0013Contact: Masaya SagaTel: +81-6-6532-6256 Fax: +81-6-6532-3095Email: [email protected]: www.akao-co-co.jpDealer/DistributorKOREA (SOUTH)

KEO WHA HITEC CO LTDRm-1Fl, Jiwoo Bldg, 376-12Seogyo-dong, Mapo-guSeoul, KoreaContact: Mr Kenneth ZyungTel: 82-(02)-336-0145-7 Fax: 82-(02)-336-0180Email: [email protected]: www.kh-hitec.comDealer/Distributor

MACAU SAR

TCT TRI-CONTINENTAL TRADINGCOMPANY LTD4/F-“E”, Dynasty Plaza Bldg411-417 Ald. Dr. Carlos D’AssumpcaoMacau S.A.R.Contact: John FerreiraTel: +853 2875-0008 Fax: +853 2875-0007Email: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]: www.tct.com.moDealer/DistributorMALAYSIA

PANDAN NIAGA SDN BHDNo. 81A, Jalan Tabla 33/21 Shah Alam Technology ParkSeksyen 33340400 Shah AlamSelangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaContact: Mohd Rashdi Abd RahmanTel: +603 5122 1310 Fax: +603 5122 1279Email: [email protected]/DistributorNEW ZEALAND

CHUBB FIRE & SAFETY3 Fisher CrescentMt WellingtonAucklandContact: David HodgsonTel: +64 (0)9 270 7234Fax: +64 (0)9 270 7235Email: [email protected]: www.chubb.co.nzDealer/DistributorPHILIPPINES

WALLGREEN INDUSTRIAL VENTURESCORP62 West AvenueQuezon CityPhilippines 1104Contact: Francisco C DizonTel: +6 32 411 0818Mobile: +6 32 0917 820 1947Fax: +6 32 411 0818Email: [email protected]/DistributorSINGAPORE

ADVENTRA PTE LTD1301 Bedok North Avenue 4#02-06 Singapore 489945SingaporeTel: +65 6898 2293Fax: +65 6442 6201Email: [email protected]: www.adventra.com.sgDealer/DistributorSRI LANKA

HALCHEM LANKA PVT LTD7, Siri Dhamma MawathaColombo 10Contact: Cyril HalloluwaTel: +94 11 5843213 Mobile: +94 777 315 375Fax: +94 11 2674 615 and 2792 406Email: [email protected]: www.halchem-lanka.comDealer/DistributorTAIWAN

PARKSON TRADING CO LTDNo. 50, 3F, Hua-Ning RdGuo Shan Dist.80471 Kaohsiung CityTaiwan, R.O.C.Contact: Mr Johnson PengTel: +886-7-552-1650Fax: +886-7-552-7999Email: [email protected]/DistributorTHAILAND

CHASE ENTERPRICE (SIAM) CO LTD497 Somdejprapinklao RoadBangyeekhanBangplad, Bangkok, 10700ThailandContact: Mr Sutham KhonwaiTel: +6628194000 Fax: +6628194055Email: [email protected] Website: www.Chasesiam.comDealer/Distributor



KIDDE AIRSENSE AUSTRALIAMelbourneTel: +61 4 0712 7451Email: [email protected]: www.airsensetechnology.comRepresentative OfficeHONG KONG Tel: +852 2961 4206 Email: [email protected] Website: www.airsensetechnology.comRepresentative OfficeSHANGHAITel: +861 3611968913Email: [email protected]: www.airsensetechnology.comRepresentative OfficeSINGAPORE Tel: +65 64247954Email: [email protected] Website: www.airsensetechnology.comRepresentative Office

K.V. FIRE CHEMICALS(INDIA) PVT LTDINDIA

Kamala Niwas, Plot No. 32, Lane D, Sector-8, VashiNavi Mumbai-400703, Maharashtra, IndiaTel: +91 22 27820827 Fax: +91 22 27824712Email: [email protected]: www.kvfire.com Representative Office

MSAAUSTRALIA

MSA (AUST.) PTY LIMITED137 Gilba Road, Girraween, NSW 2145, AustraliaTel: +61 2 9688 0333 Fax:+61 2 9688 3623Website: www.msanet.comRepresentative OfficeSINGAPORE

MSA S.E. ASIA51 Ayer Rajah Crescent #04-01/09, Singapore 139948 Tel:+656 776 1633 Fax:+656 778-2529 Email: [email protected]: http://sg.msasafety.comRepresentative Office

PAC FIRE AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA

PAC FIRE AUSTRALIAUnit 1, 28 Burnside Road, Hallmarc Business ParkYatala Qld 4207, Australia Tel: +61 7 3441 7100 Fax: +61 7 3441 7177Email: [email protected]: www.pacfire.com.auRepresentative Office

AUSTRALIA

PAC FIRE AUSTRALIA1/28 Burnside Road, Hallmarc Business ParkYatala, QLD 4207, AustraliaTel: +61 7 3441 7100 Fax: +61 7 3441 7177Email: [email protected]: www.pacfire.com.auDealer/Distributor

NEW ZEALAND AND ASIA-PACIFIC (Excluding Australia)

PACIFIC HELMETS (NZ) LTDPO Box 866, 315 Heads RoadWanganui 4501, New ZealandTel: +64-6-344-5019 Fax: +64-6-344-5376Email: [email protected]: www.pacifichelmets.com Manufacturer/Distributor

AUSTRALIA

ADA (AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE APPARELPTD LTD)14 Gaffney Street, Coburg, Victoria 3058Contact: Rob Walsh, Sales & Marketing ManagerEmergency ServicesTel: +61 3 9353 4552Email: [email protected]: www.ada.com.auGarment Maker

BRUCKUnits 12/13, 79-83 High StreetKEW Victoria 3101, AustraliaContact: Michael SmithTel: +61 4 0324 7309Email: [email protected] PBI Weaver

ELLIOTT AUSTRALIA PTY LTD23 Vauxhall Street, Virginia QLD 4014, AustraliaTel: +61 7 3265 2944 Fax: +61 7 3265 2903Website: www.elliottaustralia.com Garment Maker

LION APPAREL – ASIA PACIFICAsia Pacific – Protective Systems GroupUnit 3, 15 Dunstan Road, WingfieldSouth Australia 5013 AustraliaContact: Warren Hoare, Regional Managing DirectorTel: +61 8 8139 7777Email: [email protected] Maker

PAC FIRE1/28 Burnside Road, Hallmarc Business ParkYatala Qld 4207, AustraliaContact: Keith Ward, Managing DirectorTel: +61 7 3441 7100 Fax: +61 7 3441 7177Email: [email protected]: www.pacfire.com.auGarment Maker

STEWART & HEATON150 Francisco Street, Belmont WA 6104, AustraliaContact: Brian Thomson, Business DevelopmentManagerTel: +61 8 9277 5555Email: [email protected] Maker

CHINA

YINGTELAI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD76 Xihuan Road, ChangPing DistrictBejing 102200, ChinaContact: Xue Feng LIU, Vice Chairman GeneralManagerTel: +86 10 6974 2811Email: [email protected] Maker

HONG KONG

WAH TAI ENTERPRISES LTD7/F Block F, Golden Bear Industrial Centre66-82 Chai Wan KOK StreetTsuen Wan N.T. Hong KongHong Kong SARContact: Johnny Ho, President, Special Products DivisionTel: +852 2771 6360Email: [email protected]

SEOJIN TEXRoom 201 Kum Ho Building, Soongin-DongJongro-gu Seoul, 110550, Korea (Republic of)Contact: C J Yoon, DirectorTel: +82 22 253-7905 Email: [email protected]

SAN CHEONG COMPANY LTD185 Songmoon-Ri-Myun, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin-siGyeonggi-Do 449-823Korea (Republic of )Contact: Soo Youk LeeTel: +82 31 321 4077 Email: [email protected]: www.sancheong.comGarment Maker

SCOTT SAFETYAUSTRALIA

137 McCredie RoadGuildford, NSW 2161, AustraliaTel: +61 2 8718 2191 Fax: +61 2 8718 2121Email: [email protected]: www.scottsafety.comRepresentative Office

SECURITONASIA PACIFIC

SECURITON (M) SDN BHDNo. 19A, Lorong Rahim Kajai 13Taman Tun Dr. IsmailMY-60000, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaContact: Mr Lewis ChongTel: +60 3 7725 1699 Fax: +60 3 7725 1677Email: [email protected]: www.securiton.comRepresentative OfficeCHINA, SHANGHAI

SWISS SECURITAS (BEIJING) CO LTDSHANGHAI COMPANYRoom A, 23rd Floor, Shimei MansionNo. 445 Jiangning RoadJing’an Area, Shanghai 200041P.R.ChinaContact: Ms Tracy Yang/Mr Todd ZengTel: +86 21 5228 8111 Fax: +86 21 5228 8325Email: [email protected]/DistributorSINGAPORE

SWISS SECURITAS ASIA PTE LTD56 Serangoon North Ave 4#06-03Singapore 555851Contact Mr Andy Gan/Mr Jeffrey TanTel: 65 6853 8066 Fax: 65 6853 5939Email: [email protected]: www.securitas.sg Dealer/Distributor

AUSTRALIA

GAAM EMERGENCY PRODUCTS29 Temple Dr., PO Box 211, ThomastownVictoria 3074, AustraliaTel: +61 3 9464 8400 Fax: +61 3 9464 8415Email: [email protected]: www.gaam.com.auDealer/DistributorBRUNEI

S.K. ROSENBAUER PTE LTD8 Tuas Drive 2, Singapore, 638643, SingaporeTel: 6568623155 Fax: 6568620273Email: [email protected]: www.skrosenbauer.com Dealer/DistributorCHINA

TASK FORCE TIPS INC3701 Innovation Way, ValparaisoIN 46383-9327, United States of AmericaTel: 1 219 548 4000 Fax: 1 219 464 0620Email: [email protected]: www.tft.com Head OfficeHONG KONG

ROTTER INTERNATIONAL LTDFlat B 1/F Block 3, Kowloon, Hong KongTel: 85227517770 Fax: 85227562051Email: [email protected]: rotter.com.hkDealer/Distributor



INDIA

FOREMOST TECHNICO PVT LTDM-1, Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110016, IndiaTel: +91 (11) 2619 6982 Fax: +91 (11) 2616 6961Email: [email protected]: www.foremost-india.comDealer/Distributor

INDONESIA

PT PALMAS ENTRACOJl. Krekot 85, Jakarta-Pusat, IndonesiaTel: +62 (21) 384 1681 Fax: +62 (21) 380 2660Email: [email protected]: www.palmas.co.idDealer/Distributor

JAPAN

YONE CORPORATION23, Nishinakaai-Cho, NishinokyoNakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604, JapanTel: +81 (7) 582-11185 Fax: +81 (7) 580-12263Email: [email protected] Website: www.yone-co.co.jpDealer/Distributor

KOREA (SOUTH)

SHILLA FIRE CO LTD433-11 Non Hon-Dong, Nam Dong-GuInchon City 405-300, South KoreaTel: +82-02-3665 9011 Fax: +82-02-3663 9113Email: [email protected]: www.firekorea.comDealer/Distributor

MALAYSIA

SENTRIX TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD No. 22, Jalan TP 3/1, Taman Perindustrian Sime UEP47620 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaTel: +603 8023-5228 Fax: +603 8023-5618 Email: [email protected]: www.sentrix.comDealer/Distributor

MYANMAR

TASK FORCE TIPS INC3701 Innovation Way, ValparaisoIN 46383-9327, United States of AmericaTel: 1 219 548 4000 Fax: 1 219 464 0620Email: [email protected]: www.tft.com Head Office

NEW ZEALAND

WORMALD (TYCO SAFETY PRODUCTS)6 Portage Road, New Lynn Auckland 0600New Zealand Tel: +64 9 826 1716 Fax: +64 9 826 1868 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wormald.co.nzDealer/Distributor

PAKISTAN

FIRESTOP PVT LIMITED6/B, 1st Floor, Dinar Chambers, PO Box #5786West Wharf Road, Karachi-74000, Pakistan Tel: 9221-2315675, 2313065Fax: 9221-2310457, 5831015 Email: [email protected] Website: www.firestopaids.comDealer/Distributor

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

TASK FORCE TIPS INC3701 Innovation Way, Valparaiso, IN 46383-9327United States of AmericaTel: 1 219 548 4000 Fax: 1 219 464 0620Email: [email protected]: www.tft.com Representative Office

PHILIPPINES

ALLIANCE INDUSTRIAL SALESUnit 4, Finlandia Town Homes#1700 Dian, cor. Finlandia StreetBrgy, San Isidro, 1234 Makati City, Philippines Tel: +63 2 7561 749 Fax: +63 2 8877 173Email: [email protected]/Distributor

SINGAPORE

S.K. ROSENBAUER PTE LTD8 Tuas Drive 2, Singapore 638643, SingaporeTel: +65 6862 3155 Fax: +65 6862 0273Email: [email protected]: www.skrosenbauer.comDealer/DistributorTAIWAN

TASK FORCE TIPS INC3701 Innovation Way, ValparaisoIN 46383-9327, United States of AmericaTel: 1 219 548 4000 Fax: 1 219 464 0620Email: [email protected]: www.tft.com Head OfficeTHAILAND

ANTI-FIRE CO LTD316-316/1, Sukhumvit 22 Road, Klongtoey KlongtoeyBangkok 10110, ThailandTel: +66 2 260-45659 Fax: +66 2 258-2422Email: [email protected]: www.antifire.comDealer/DistributorVIETNAM

TAN DUC JOINT STOCK COMPANY N15-16 D2 Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Tel: 84-88990 678 Fax: 84-88990 698 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tanducco.com.vnDealer/Distributor

WAGNERCHINAShanghai, Stock Exchange BuildingNo. 528, Pudong Road SouthNorth Tower Unit 2402, Shanghai 200120Tel: 0086-21-6882 4755 ext. -110Fax: 0086-21-6882 4758Email: [email protected] OfficeINDIAChennai OfficeContact: Bhaskaran G Email: [email protected]: www.wagner-products.comRepresentative OfficeSINGAPORENo 61 Tai Seng Avenue, #B1-01 UE Print Media HubSingapore 534167Contact: Marcus Yap Tel: +65 (6296) 7828 Fax: +65 (6299) 3184 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wagner-products.comRepresentative OfficeINDONESIA, THAILAND, MALAYSIA,PHILLIPINES, VIETNAM, BURMA, BRUNEI ANDCAMBODIA

WALKER SAFETY PTE LTD55, Ubi Avenue 1, #04-10 Singapore 408935, Singapore Contact: John Ng Tel: +65 62862770, Trevor Ng Tel: +65 62862155Email: [email protected] Website: www.walkersafety.comDealer/Distributor

YONE CORPORATIONJAPAN23 Nishi Nakaaicho, NishinokyoNakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604 8441, Japan Tel: +81 (0) 75 821 115 Fax: +81 (0) 75 801 2263Website: www.yone-co.co.jpRepresentative Office

ZIAMATICAUSTRALIA

ANGUS FIREFerntree Gully Business Post Centre, PO Box 291Ferntree Gully, Victoria 3156, AustraliaTel: 613-9765-3800 Fax: 613-9765-3801Dealer/Distributor

CHUBB FIRE314 Boundary Road, Dingley, Victoria 3172, AustraliaTel: 612-8748-7235 Fax: 612-9475-1440Dealer/Distributor

KIDDE AUSTRALIA PTY LTDPO Box 682, Baeside, Victoria 3195, AustraliaTel: 613-9518-5588 Fax: 613-9518-5577Dealer/Distributor

QUELL FIRE & SAFETY17-19 Orion Road, Lane CoveNew South Wales 10000, AustraliaTel: 612-9928-7456Dealer/Distributor

SEM FIRE & RESCUE PTY LTDPO Box 124, Wendouree, Victoria 3355, AustraliaTel: 613-5339-3109 Fax: 613-5338-1329Dealer/DistributorCHINA

GENTECH VEHICLE ENGINEERINGShop B1-B23, G/F., 6 Choi Fai StreetSheung Shui, N.T., Hong Kong, ChinaTel: 852-2473-6201 Fax: 852-2493-2390Dealer/Distributor

FIRE SERVICES DEPARTMENT333 Canton Road Tsim Sha TsuiKowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaTel: 852-2733-7829 Fax: 852-2311-2542Dealer/DistributorINDIA

NEWAGE INDUSTRIESAmbawadi Industrial Estate, SurendranagarGujarat, 363001, IndiaTel: 91-022-2407-7421 Fax: 91-022-2407-4229Dealer/DistributorINDONESIA

PT. BURMI CERAH AGUNGJalan Pangerah Jayakarta No 68 Blok A/10Jakarta 10730, IndonesiaTel: 622-1639-2889 Fax: 622-1629-8887Dealer/Distributor

CV RAHMAJalan Pangeran Antasari No 25, Karang Rejo RT. 62Balikpapan-City, 76124, IndonesiaTel: 625-4242-5147 Fax: 625-4273-6218Dealer/DistributorISRAEL

EIDAN SAFETY11 Mosh Levi Street, New Industrial AreaRishon Le Zion 75658, IsraelTel: 972-3953-5878 Fax: 972-3961-6501Dealer/Distributor

HATEHOF LTDHasadna 10 St. Ziporit Industrial Zone, Box No. 639Nazarath Elite, 17001, IsraelTel: 972-4641-0611 Fax: 972-4641-0608Dealer/DistributorJAPAN

M.E.S. TOKKI CO LTD2-23-2, Turuya-cho, Kanagawa-kuYokahama 221-0835, TS Plaza Bld. 13F, JapanTel: 81-45-534-6870 Fax: 81-45-313-1740Dealer/Distributor

MORITA CORP1-5 Techno ParkSanda City, Hyogo 669-1339, JapanTel: 810-6751-1351 Fax: 810-6754-3461Dealer/DistributorMALAYSIA

NORTH JAVA SEA GROUPLot 6358, KBLD Block 10, Desa Lutong Industrial EstateLutong Baru, 98008 Miri, Sarawak, MalaysiaTel: 6085-66-000-8 Fax: 6085-66-361-8Dealer/DistributorSINGAPORE

COMFORTDELGRO ENGINEERING PTE LTDNo. 6 Defu Avenue 1, Singapore 539537Tel: 65-383-7834Dealer/Distributor

MECHFIRE ENGINEERING &CONSTRUCTION PTE LTD281B, Tanjong Katon Road, Singapore 437064Tel: 65-6862-8997 Fax: 65-6862-7483Dealer/Distributor

SK ROSENBAUR PTE LTD8 Tuas Drive, Singapore 638643Tel: 658-623-155 Fax: 658-620-273Dealer/Distributor




ADVERTISERS’ INDEXSUBSCRIPTIONSAngus Fire 60

Argus Thermal Imaging 27

Bauer Compressors Asia Pte Ltd 36

Bio-Ex 61

Bristol Uniforms Ltd. 36

Coltri Asia Pacific 77

Command Light 55

Con-Space Communications 54

Control Logic s.r.l. 04

Cutters Edge 43

Dafo Fomtec AB 32

Delta Fire Australasia Pty Ltd 56

Draeger Safety Asia Pte Ltd. OBC

Dr. Sthamer Hamburg 75

DuPont Fire Extinguishants 02

Dynax Corporation 67

E2S 35

Fike Corporation 59/68

Fire Fighting Enterprises 72

Firetrace International 62

Holmatro Rescue Equipment 40

Hytrans Systems b.v. 31

Janus Fire Systems 72

Kidde AirSense 16

K V Fire Chemicals (India) Pvt Ltd 65

Lukas Hydraulik GmbH & Co. KG 53

MSA (Aust.) Pty Limited 25

NFPA 82

PAC Fire Australia 22

Pacific Helmets (NZ) Ltd. 39

PBI Performance Products, Inc. IBC

PAB Akrapovic 06

Rosenbauer 08

Scott Safety 28

Securiton AG 21

Task Force Tips, Inc. IFC/01

Texas A & M Emergency Services Training Institute 31

Unifire Inc 45

Wagner Group GmbH 19

Yone Corporation 50

Ziamatic Corporation 35

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Im Gewerbepark D23 // D-93059 Regensburg, GermanyT +49 (0) 941 465 275 9-9 // F +49 (0) 941 465 275 9-8

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APF Issue 41

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Transcript of APF Issue 41