Voltaire XII
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E D I T I O N D E L A P A C I F I C A T I O N
T H E W O R K S O F
VOLTAIRE A CONTEMPORARY VERSION
W ITH NOTES BY TOBIAS SMOLLETT, R EVISED AND MODERNIZED
NEW TRANSLATIONS BY W ILLIAM F. FLEMING, AND AN
INTRODUCTION BY OLIVER H. G. LEIGH
A CRITIQUE AND BIOGRAPHY
BY
T H E R T . H O N . J O H N M O R L E Y
F O R T Y - T H R E E V O L U M E S
ONE HUNDRED ANS SIXTY-EIGHT DESIGNS, COMPRISINGS REPRODUCTIONS
OF RARE OLD ENGRAVINGS, STEEL PLATES, PHOTOGRAVURES,
AND CURIOUS FAC-SIMILES
VOLUME XII
AKRON, OHIO
THE WERNER COMPANY
1!"
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I am a heritage because I
brln you years cj thought
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and tbe lore of time *-^
I Impart yet I can r>ot speak-
I have traveled amorxi tbe
peoples o^ tbe eartb
am a rover-^ Oft-tl
I strc^y jron? tbe tresufe-
of tbe or^ u!bo loves ar^"
cberlsbeo n#e-abo
rmooeo n?e uhep I an?
^oi?e ^-$hould you %nd
me varar?t please send
brothers -on tbe book-
sbelves of
&'O&(') O+
, . /0'1'(02($
)he ,O'3$ of 2O.)0I'(
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(4I)IO5 4( .0 &06I+I60)IO5
.imited to one thousand sets
for 0merica and 1reat 7ritain
87et9een t9o servants of /umanity: 9ho appeared
eighteen hundred years apart: the rf *; a mysterious relation
* * * * .et us say it 9ith a sentiment of
profound respect< =($$ ,(&)< 2O.)0I'( $I.(4
Of that divine tear and of that human smile is composed the
s9eetness of the present [email protected]8
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O5(
0 ,O'4 made use of to express gold 8$ir: 9ill
you lend me a hundred louis d;or?8 8$ir: I 9ould
9ith all my heart: but I have no money ! I am out
of ready money8 )he Italian 9ill say to you<
8$ignore: non ha di danari8 8I have no deniers8
/arpagon asks aitre =acKues< 8,ilt thou
make a good entertainment?8 8es: if you 9ill
give me plenty of money8
,e continually inKuire 9hich of the countries of
(urope is the richest in money ? 7y that 9e mean:
9hich is the people 9ho circulate the most metals
representative of objects of commerce? In the
same manner 9e ask: 9hich is the poorest? and
thirty contending nations present themselves the
,estphalian: .imousin: 7asKue: )yrolese: 2alois:
1rison: Istrian: $cotch: and Irish: the $9iss of a
small canton: and above all the subjects of the pope
In deciding 9hich has most: 9e hesitate at pres-
ent bet9een +rance: $pain: and /olland: 9hich had
none in FHGG
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+ormerly: in the thirteenth: fourteenth: and %f-
teenth centuries: the province of the papal treasury
had no doubt the most ready money: and therefore
L
H &hilosophical
the greatest trade /o9 do you sell that ? 9ould be
asked of a theological merchant: 9ho replied: +or
as much as the people are fools enough to give me
0ll (urope then sent its money to the 'oman
court: 9ho gave in change consecrated beads:
agnuses: indulgences plenary and limited: dispensa-
tions: con%rmations: exemptions: benedictions: and
even excommunications against those 9hom the
subscriber chose! and 9ho had not suMcient faith
in the court of 'ome
)he 2enetians sold nothing of all this: but they
traded 9ith all the ,est by 0lexandria: and it 9as
through them only that 9e had pepper and cinna-
mon )he money 9hich 9ent not to the papal
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treasury came to them: excepting a little to the
)uscans and 1enoese 0ll the other kingdoms of
(urope 9ere so poor in ready money that 6harles
2III 9as obliged to borro9 the je9els of the
duchess of $avoy and put them in pa9n: to raise
funds to conKuer 5aples: 9hich he soon lost again
)he 2enetians supported stronger armies than his
0 noble 2enetian had more gold in his coCers: and
more vessels of silver on his table: than the emperor
aximilian surnamed 8&ochi danari8
)hings changed 9hen the &ortuguese tradeN
9ith India as conKuerors: and the $paniards sub-
jugated exico and &eru 9ith six or seven hundreH
men ,e kno9 that then the commerce of 2enice::
and the other to9ns of Italy all fell to the ground
&hilip II: the master of $pain: &ortugal: the .o9
4ictionary P
6ountries: the )9o $icilies: and the ilanese: of
%fteen hundred leagues of coast in 0sia: and mines
of gold and silver in 0merica: 9as the only rich:
and conseKuently the only po9erful prince in (u-
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rope )he spies 9hom he gained in +rance kissed
on their knees the 6atholic doubloons: and the small
number of angels and caroluses 9hich circulated in
that country had not much credit It is pretended
that 0merica and 0sia brought him in nearly ten
million ducats of revenue /e 9ould have really
bought (urope 9ith his money: but for the iron of
/enry I2 and the Qeets of Bueen ([email protected]
)he 84ictionnaire (ncyclopediKue8 in the article
on 80rgent:8 Kuotes the 8$pirits of .a9s:8 in 9hich
it is said < 8I have heard deplored a thousand times:
the blindness of the council of +rancis I: 9ho re-
jected the proposal of 6hristopher 6olumbus for the
discovery of the Indies perhaps this imprudence
has turned out a very 9ise thing8
,e see by the enormous po9er of &hilip that the
pretended council of +rancis I could not have done
such a 9ise thing 7ut let us content ourselves
9ith remarking that +rancis I 9as not born 9hen
it is pretended that he refused the oCers of 6hris-
topher 6olumbus )he 1enoese captain landed in
0merica in F#J: and +rancis I 9as born in F#P:
and did not ascend the throne until FLFL .et us
here compare the revenues of /enry III: /enry
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I2: and Bueen ([email protected]: 9ith those of &hilip II
)he ordinary income of ([email protected] 9as only one
R &hilosophical
hundred thousand pound sterling: and 9ith extras
it 9as: one year 9ith another: four hundred thou-
sand! but she reKuired this surplus to defend her-
self from &hilip II ,ithout extreme economy she
9ould have been lost: and (ngland 9ith her
)he revenue of /enry III indeed increased to
thirty millions of livres of his time ! this: to the sum
that &hilip dre9 from the Indies: 9as as three to
ten! but not more than a third of this money en-
tered into the coCers of /enry III: 9ho 9as very
prodigal: greatly robbed: and conseKuently very
poor ,e %ndthat &hilip II in one article 9as ten
times richer than /enry
0s to /enry I2: it is not 9orth 9hile to com-
pare his treasures 9ith those of &hilip II ntil
the &eace of 2ervins: he had only 9hat he could
borro9 or 9in at the point of his s9ord! and he
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lived as a knight-errant: until the time in 9hich he
became the %rst king in (urope (ngland had al-
9ays been so poor that 3ing (d9ard III 9as the
%rst king 9ho coined money of gold
,ould 9e kno9 9hat became of the money
9hich Qo9ed continually from exico and &eru
into $pain? It entered the pockets of the +rench:
(nglish and 4utch: 9ho traded 9ith 6adi