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E D I T I O N D E L A P A C I F I C A T I O N

T H E W O R K S O F

 VOLTAIRE  A CONTEMPORARY VERSION

 W ITH NOTES BY  TOBIAS SMOLLETT, R EVISED  AND MODERNIZED

NEW TRANSLATIONS BY W ILLIAM F. FLEMING, AND AN

INTRODUCTION BY OLIVER H. G. LEIGH

 A CRITIQUE AND BIOGRAPHY 

BY 

T H E R T . H O N . J O H N M O R L E Y  

F O R T Y - T H R E E V O L U M E S

ONE HUNDRED ANS SIXTY-EIGHT DESIGNS, COMPRISINGS REPRODUCTIONS

OF RARE OLD ENGRAVINGS, STEEL PLATES, PHOTOGRAVURES,

 AND CURIOUS FAC-SIMILES

 VOLUME XII

 AKRON, OHIO

THE WERNER COMPANY

1!"

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I am a heritage because I

brln you years cj thought

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and tbe lore of time *-^

I Impart yet I can r>ot speak-

I have traveled amorxi tbe

peoples o^ tbe eartb

am a rover-^ Oft-tl

I strc^y jron? tbe tresufe-

of tbe or^ u!bo loves ar^"

cberlsbeo n#e-abo

rmooeo n?e uhep I an?

^oi?e ^-$hould you %nd

me varar?t please send

brothers -on tbe book-

sbelves of

&'O&(') O+

, . /0'1'(02($

 )he ,O'3$ of 2O.)0I'(

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(4I)IO5 4( .0 &06I+I60)IO5

.imited to one thousand sets

for 0merica and 1reat 7ritain

87et9een t9o servants of /umanity: 9ho appeared

eighteen hundred years apart: the rf *; a mysterious relation

* * * * .et us say it 9ith a sentiment of

profound respect< =($$ ,(&)< 2O.)0I'( $I.(4

Of that divine tear and of that human smile is composed the

s9eetness of the present civili@ation8

2I6)O' /1O

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2O. 2III

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O5(

0 ,O'4 made use of to express gold 8$ir: 9ill

you lend me a hundred louis d;or?8 8$ir: I 9ould

9ith all my heart: but I have no money ! I am out

of ready money8 )he Italian 9ill say to you<

8$ignore: non ha di danari8 8I have no deniers8

/arpagon asks aitre =acKues< 8,ilt thou

make a good entertainment?8 8es: if you 9ill

give me plenty of money8

,e continually inKuire 9hich of the countries of

(urope is the richest in money ? 7y that 9e mean:

9hich is the people 9ho circulate the most metals

representative of objects of commerce? In the

same manner 9e ask: 9hich is the poorest? and

thirty contending nations present themselves the

,estphalian: .imousin: 7asKue: )yrolese: 2alois:

1rison: Istrian: $cotch: and Irish: the $9iss of a

small canton: and above all the subjects of the pope

In deciding 9hich has most: 9e hesitate at pres-

ent bet9een +rance: $pain: and /olland: 9hich had

none in FHGG

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+ormerly: in the thirteenth: fourteenth: and %f-

teenth centuries: the province of the papal treasury

had no doubt the most ready money: and therefore

L

H &hilosophical

the greatest trade /o9 do you sell that ? 9ould be

asked of a theological merchant: 9ho replied: +or

as much as the people are fools enough to give me

0ll (urope then sent its money to the 'oman

court: 9ho gave in change consecrated beads:

agnuses: indulgences plenary and limited: dispensa-

tions: con%rmations: exemptions: benedictions: and

even excommunications against those 9hom the

subscriber chose! and 9ho had not suMcient faith

in the court of 'ome

 )he 2enetians sold nothing of all this: but they

traded 9ith all the ,est by 0lexandria: and it 9as

through them only that 9e had pepper and cinna-

mon )he money 9hich 9ent not to the papal

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treasury came to them: excepting a little to the

 )uscans and 1enoese 0ll the other kingdoms of

(urope 9ere so poor in ready money that 6harles

2III 9as obliged to borro9 the je9els of the

duchess of $avoy and put them in pa9n: to raise

funds to conKuer 5aples: 9hich he soon lost again

 )he 2enetians supported stronger armies than his

0 noble 2enetian had more gold in his coCers: and

more vessels of silver on his table: than the emperor

aximilian surnamed 8&ochi danari8

 )hings changed 9hen the &ortuguese tradeN

9ith India as conKuerors: and the $paniards sub-

 jugated exico and &eru 9ith six or seven hundreH

men ,e kno9 that then the commerce of 2enice::

and the other to9ns of Italy all fell to the ground

&hilip II: the master of $pain: &ortugal: the .o9

4ictionary P

6ountries: the )9o $icilies: and the ilanese: of

%fteen hundred leagues of coast in 0sia: and mines

of gold and silver in 0merica: 9as the only rich:

and conseKuently the only po9erful prince in (u-

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rope )he spies 9hom he gained in +rance kissed

on their knees the 6atholic doubloons: and the small

number of angels and caroluses 9hich circulated in

that country had not much credit It is pretended

that 0merica and 0sia brought him in nearly ten

million ducats of revenue /e 9ould have really

bought (urope 9ith his money: but for the iron of

/enry I2 and the Qeets of Bueen (li@abeth

 )he 84ictionnaire (ncyclopediKue8 in the article

on 80rgent:8 Kuotes the 8$pirits of .a9s:8 in 9hich

it is said < 8I have heard deplored a thousand times:

the blindness of the council of +rancis I: 9ho re-

 jected the proposal of 6hristopher 6olumbus for the

discovery of the Indies perhaps this imprudence

has turned out a very 9ise thing8

,e see by the enormous po9er of &hilip that the

pretended council of +rancis I could not have done

such a 9ise thing 7ut let us content ourselves

9ith remarking that +rancis I 9as not born 9hen

it is pretended that he refused the oCers of 6hris-

topher 6olumbus )he 1enoese captain landed in

0merica in F#J: and +rancis I 9as born in F#P:

and did not ascend the throne until FLFL .et us

here compare the revenues of /enry III: /enry

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I2: and Bueen (li@abeth: 9ith those of &hilip II

 )he ordinary income of (li@abeth 9as only one

R &hilosophical

hundred thousand pound sterling: and 9ith extras

it 9as: one year 9ith another: four hundred thou-

sand! but she reKuired this surplus to defend her-

self from &hilip II ,ithout extreme economy she

9ould have been lost: and (ngland 9ith her

 )he revenue of /enry III indeed increased to

thirty millions of livres of his time ! this: to the sum

that &hilip dre9 from the Indies: 9as as three to

ten! but not more than a third of this money en-

tered into the coCers of /enry III: 9ho 9as very

prodigal: greatly robbed: and conseKuently very

poor ,e %ndthat &hilip II in one article 9as ten

times richer than /enry

0s to /enry I2: it is not 9orth 9hile to com-

pare his treasures 9ith those of &hilip II ntil

the &eace of 2ervins: he had only 9hat he could

borro9 or 9in at the point of his s9ord! and he

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lived as a knight-errant: until the time in 9hich he

became the %rst king in (urope (ngland had al-

9ays been so poor that 3ing (d9ard III 9as the

%rst king 9ho coined money of gold

,ould 9e kno9 9hat became of the money

9hich Qo9ed continually from exico and &eru

into $pain? It entered the pockets of the +rench:

(nglish and 4utch: 9ho traded 9ith 6adi