Sogang University ICC Lab Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems.

Sogang University ICC Lab

Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems

Sogang University ICC Lab.2

Reading Materials

Reference book and papers :

Wireless mesh networking : architectures, protocols and standards edited by Yan Zhang, Jijun Luo, Honglin Hu. - Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2007.

Wireless mesh networks/ Gilbert Held - Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2005.

무선센서네트워크기술 : 저자 : 이상학 , 정태충 경희대학교출판국 ( 구 ) 경희서적센터

Related papers mesh-servey.pdf, sensor-survey.pdf


Presentation Outline

What Is A Wireless Cellular/Mobile Network? How Does It Work? What About Ad hoc Network? What are the impact of Wireless Sensor

Networks? What are the impact of Wireless Mesh

Networks? Future Directions?


Cell (Mobile) Phone

As soon as the airplane’s door is opened, you can switch on the cell phone and you are connected….

Beacon Signals

Hello Message

Cellular Service Base Station

Cell Phone contacts the nearest Base Station and registers itself to get service.


Classical Mail Forwarding Technique?

Post Office in Seoul

Post Office in Pusan

Mail from the world

SeoulPusan


What is a cell?

Illustration of a cell with a mobile station and a base station

BS

MS

CellMS

Alternative shape of a cell

Ideal cell area (5-20 km radius)

Hexagonal cell area used in most models


Universal Cell Phone Coverage

Maintaining the telephone number across geographical areas in a wireless and mobile system

Microwave Tower

Cell Incheon-Seoul

Sogang Univ.


PSTN

Home phone

BSC

…

… …BSC

…

BSC

…

BSC

…

BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS BSMS BSMS BS MS

MSC … MSC

Essential functional components of a Cellular Infrastructure


PSTN

MS

HomeMobile

Switching Center

HLR Home network

Visitingarea

Caller

VisitingMobile

Switching Center

VLR

MS

1

Location update request Using Becon Signals

Update location Info. sent to HLR

2

Automatic Location Update

Seoul

Pusan


PSTN

MS

homeMobile

Switching Center

HLR Home Network

VisitingArea

Caller

Mobile Switching

Center

VLR

Automatic Call Forwarding using HLR-VLR

1 Call sent to home location

2Home MSC checksHLR; gets current location of MSin visiting area

3

Home MSC forwards call to visiting MSC

4

MSC in visiting area sendscall to BS and connects MS

Pusan

Seoul


What Are Recent Advances?

Source: Palm, Dell, Nokia, Sharp, Phillips, and Motorola Web Sites

Blueberry: Bluetooth enabled Blackberry

PTT for

SMS


WiMAX: Worldwide Wide Area Interoperable Access

Devices to be available by 2006, Source: www.intel.comSource: www.intel.com

And Now MESH Network


Medical and Healthcare Applications

ATM Backbone Network

ATM Backbone Network

Possibility for Remote consulting(including Audio Visual communication)

ATM Switch

Wireless Remote consultation from Ambulance

ATM Switch

Remote Databases

In HospitalPhysician

Sensors on body


MANETs: Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Applications: Military applications (battlefield), disaster situations, etc.

Collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a network without any existing infrastructure and dynamically changing communication links, totally distributed network due to geographical or terrestrial constraints

From DARPA Website


A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

MS2

MS3

MS2

MS4

MS1

MS5

MS6

MS7Symmetric link

Asymmetric link


An autonomous system of nodes (MSs) connected by wireless links

Lack of fixed infrastructure relays Absence of centralized authority Peer-to-peer connectivity Multi-hop forwarding to

ensure network connectivity Topology may change dynamically Random Multi-hop Graph Energy-constrained Bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)


Why Sensor Networks?

National Defense Environmental Monitoring Ecosystem Monitoring Weather Monitoring Agriculture, Crop Production Wild Fire Monitoring Natural Hazards Toxic Spills/ Pollution; Chemical plants Personal & Institutional Security Radiology, Medicine Many Others ……..

What are the Applications?


Sensors in Unknown Terrain

Looking for Landmine

Monitor Region A

Region A

Tank @x,y,z,t

Query BroadcastQuery Broadcast

Monitor Region A

DeterminingEnemy’s activity


Sensors in Urban Warfare: Look for Biological Agents or Securing Outside


Application of Sensors in BioApplication of Sensors in Bio

Sensors equipped Sensors equipped

with Bluetoothwith Bluetooth

Source: USC Web Site


Sensor Networks tracing Toxic Waste

Path of the Response

Radio Range

Data Collection and Monitoring Agency

Cloud of Smoke

Predicted position for the Cloud of Smoke

Path of the ResponsePath of the Response

Radio Range

Data Collection and Monitoring Agency

Cloud of Smoke

Predicted position for the Cloud of Smoke

Pollutants monitored by sensors in the river

Sensors report to the base monitoring station

ST


A Generic Scenario of Environmental Monitoring for different Applications

SinkSink

Precision Precision Agriculture Agriculture ApplicationApplication

Ecosystem Ecosystem Monitoring Monitoring ApplicationApplication

Weather Weather Monitoring Monitoring ApplicationApplication

Sensor Network Area


Carbon Mono-oxide Monitoring

Monitor the CO of the street near UC campus


CO Monitoring in UC Parking Lot

Sensing

Combination of Sensing, Wireless Technology and Signal Processing for an Event Recognition

Worldwide User

InternetInternet

CO Sensor

Sensor Calibration Facility


Portable and self-sustained (power, communication, intelligence) Capable of embedded complex data processing Note: Power consumed in transmitting 1Kb data over 100m is equivalent to 30M Instructions on

10MIPS processor Technology trends predict small memory footprint may not be a limitation in future sensor nodes Equipped with multiple sensing, programmable computing and communication capability

What is a Sensor Network?

Transceiver

Embedded Processor

Sensor

Battery

Memory

Transceiver

Embedded Processor

Sensor

Battery

Memory

1Kbps- 1Mbps

3m - 300mLossy Transmission

8 bit, 10 MHzSlow Computation

Limited Lifetime

Requires Supervision

Multiple sensors

128Kb - 1MbLimited Storage


Sensors and Wireless Radio

Types of sensors: -Pressure-Temperature-Light-Biological-Chemical-Strain, fatigue-Tilt

Capable of surviving harsh environments (heat, humidity, corrosion, pollution, radiation)

Could be deployed in large numbers

Wireless Wireless RadioRadio

SensorsSensors


Application of Wireless Sensor Networks in Defense Applications

The Path of the Response

Query Response

Path of the QueryPath between SNs

Data Collection Center (BS or Sink)


2cr

1cr

K-Coverage and Connectivity in WSN

K-cover probability is defined as the probability that there are at least k nearby sensor nodes which can sense it

These k nearby sensors can be any combination of Type I and Type II nodes

Wireless Connectivity?

• A

• C• B

2cr

2cr 2cr

Wireless Connectivity

Sensing


Desired Coverage Area

Coverage and Reachability in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

There exist fundamental limits in the operation of WSN: Low date rate, Sheer network size, limited computing power, communication range and battery capacity

Example: If some types of sensor nodes is given, how to choose number of each type of sensors to achieve the requirement that 80% of nodes should be 1-covered and connected together?

rs

Sensing Area


Data Visualization

HPC: Online Data from Sensors

Data Management: Beowulf Cluster

“Resource sharing and Data aggregation coordinated problem solving in dynamic, multi-location (distributed) sensor networks”

Wid

e-ar

ea

Disse

min

atio

n

Thru

Grid

real-timeData collection

Distributed Sensor Networks


Heterogeneous Systems

WLAN Hot-spot area: multiple APs

Multiple co-located wireless systems (BSs/APs)

CN

BS

IGR

IGR

In-building or residential WLAN AP: 802.11b/g

MANETMS

IGR

IGRIGR

BS

BS

BS

BS

IP Network/ Internet

IGR

IP Network/ Internet

IGR

IGR: Internet Gateway Routers


Public Wireless Hotspots


Wireless Mesh Networks – Challenges and Solutions

Wireless LANs Becoming popular in the form of Wi-Fi hotspots Public Wi-Fi Hotspots providing ubiquitous Internet connectivity Easy and Reliable

Limitations Limited coverage Wired connection to the APs All data carried over wired backhaul

- a must!!


Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs)

InternetInternet


Wireless Mesh Networks

Advantages Obviates need for extensive wired infrastructure Easy and fast to deploy Reduces infrastructure & deployment cost Reduces engineering and operational costs Increased reliability


Wireless Mesh Network


동기종 네트워크는 물론 이기종 네트워크간에 연결을 담당해 줌으로써 인터넷은 물론 다른 네트워크에 있는 데이터도 사용자가 원할 때 원하는 곳에서 자유롭게 사용할 수 있게 해주려는 목적에서 등장한 네트워크 개념

Wi-Fi Networks, Cellular Networks, Sensor Networks, Ad Hoc Networks 와 같은 이기종 네트워크간의 통신을 할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 Gateway 및 Bridge 의 기능을 가지고 연결을 담당

인터넷과의 연결을 통해서 인터넷을 언제나 어디서나 사용가능

Multi-hop 에 Multi-link - 무선 환경의 coverage 를 넓혀 주는 효과 - 데이터를 전송할 때 신뢰성을 높일 수 있다 - 많은 데이터를 효과적으로 전송



Multiple Channels WLAN IEEE 802.11s 를 기반으로 interference 에 영향을 주지 않는

channel 을 동시에 사용해서 성능 향상을 꾀하는 환경 및 channel 운용 연구

Routing Protocol WLAN IEEE 802.11s 를 기반으로 mobility 가 없고 energy

constraint 도 없는 환경에서 Gateway 와 router 사이에서 video 나 audio 와 같은 데이터를 효과적으로 전달하고자 하는 routing protocol 연구- multiple channel 환경에서의 routing protocol 연구

TCP Mesh Network 에 적합한 TCP 를 고려하여 TCP 성능 향상 연구 ,

연구된 Mesh Network 에 적합한 Routing Protocol 을 바탕으로 그 Routing Protocol 에 적합한 TCP 연구출처



What About Future Directions?

Honey, aren’t you feeling

hot at home?

A Gaucho (cowboy) in Brazil

Dummy, I have installed secured

temperature sensors inside each room!!


Summing up Wireless & Mobile Technology……

ANY TIME

ANY WHERE

ANY ONE

ANY DEVICE

Limit is beyondthe sky?

Sogang University ICC Lab Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems.

Documents

Transcript of Sogang University ICC Lab Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems.