Unit 5 The New NationThe New NationThe New Nation

What causes a society to grow?

Lessons

Lesson 1Planning a GovernmentLesson 2United States ConstitutionLesson 3The Louisiana PurchaseLesson 4The War of 1812Lesson 5The Industrial Revolution

Planning a New Government

Lesson 1

VocabularyArticles of

Confederation

legislature

What problems did the government face after the Revolution?

Planning a New GovernmentSA 29 The Articles of Confederation were the first plan of government for the U.S. A confederation is a loose alliance of states.They failed because each state was independent.The national government could NOT • print their own money. • collect taxes.• pay soldiers or lawmakers.

What was the importance of the Northwest Ordinance?•It said that an area became a territory when its population reached 5,000.•A territory could apply for statehood when the population reached 60,000.

Planning a New Government

MC 1 Shay’s Rebellion showed the Articles of Confederation had failed.

The new government could not protect farmers from losing their lands.

It also could not afford to send troops to stop the uprising.

Planning a New Government

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise and why was it proposed?

MC 3 It was an agreement among the delegates that every five enslaved people counted as three free people.

Planning a New Government

The Great CompromiseProposed by Roger Sherman

FILL A legislature with a House of Representatives based on a state’s population - Large (heavily populated) states were satisfied.

FILL A Senate with two senators from each state – Small (less populated) states were satisfied.

FILL THE PRESIDENT CANNOT MAKE A LAW. HE CAN ONLY SUGGEST A LAW. HE HAS ALMOST NO POWER IN OUR COUNTRY.

2 parts of Congress•House of

Representatives•Senate

The Capitol in Washington D.C.

Planning a New Government

James Madison and other delegates came up with the Electoral College.

MC 4 In the Electoral College, the number of electoral votes for each state was based on the number of the state’s Congressional representatives.

EXAMPLE:Indiana House of Representatives =

9Indiana Senators = +2TOTAL =

11

California House of Representatives =53

California Senators = +2TOTAL =

55

United States ConstitutionLesson 2

Vocabularyfederal system

Supreme Court

ratify

bill of rights

amendment

Why is the Constitution a powerful document?

United States Constitution

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

MC 5 The duty of the government is to defend the people.

United States Constitution

Branch Who Job

 

LEGISLATIVE  

 

Congress makes laws for the countryDecides how to spend the government’s

money  

 

EXECUTIVE  

 

President 

Meets with leaders of other countriesLeads military

carries out laws

 

JUDICIAL  

 

Supreme Court and federal courts

Makes sure our laws follow the Constitution

DO NOT COPY

United States ConstitutionFirst three articles explain how the U.S. government is organized.

Article 1 – establishes a legislature called Congress made up of a Senate and a House of Representatives power to make laws

Article 2 – creates the office of the President leader of the executive branch power to enforce laws

Article 3 – establishes a Supreme Court The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. FILL

They have the power to decide whether any law works against the Constitution.

All of this info on what each branch does is found in the Constitution.

United States Constitution

•FILL We have a federal system. A federal system is an agreement to share powers between state and national governments.

•SA This system is known as checks and balances. We have this system so one branch does not gain too much power, and each branch can check or stop another branch. This information is found in The Constitution.

MC 6 EXAMPLES:- Congress votes to approve a bill, and the President signs it.

- The President vetoes a bill, and Congress overrides it.

- Congress and the President pass a bill that becomes a law, and the Supreme Court decides if the law is constitutional.

(TEST QUESTION)

United States ConstitutionAt the end of the U.S. Constitution we have a Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights consist of ten amendments written by James Madison. FILL An amendment is a change to the U.S. Constitution.

MC 7 The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to protect the freedom of citizens.

After the addition of the Bill of Rights, all original thirteen states ratified the Constitution. FILL To ratify means to officially approve something.

Our U.S. Constitution has 17 additional amendments.

United States ConstitutionFor once, all Americans agreed that the new nation under the new Constitution should be lead by one man: MC 9 the Father of the Country, George Washington, the 1st president.

MC 8 Alexander Hamilton wrote articles in support of the Constitution.

The Louisiana Purchase

Lesson 3

Vocabulary

pioneer

Embargo Act of 1807

How did the expansion of the United States affect North America?

The Louisiana Purchase

SA 32 Pioneers are the first people to enter a region.

MC 12 The Embargo Act of 1807 closed all American ports and hurt the American economy instead of Great Britain and France.

SA 31 Daniel Boone and John Findley found a passage through the Appalachian Mountains and widened it so wagons could go through.

The Louisiana Purchase

Effects of the Louisiana Purchase:

•It doubled the size of the U.S. for pennies an acre.

•Americans gained access to a major port.

•The land had abundant natural resources.

The Louisiana Purchase

Lewis & Clark:

•Were sent by President Jefferson to GO WEST find a land route to the Pacific Ocean and see what natural resources were available.

•They left St. Louis and headed west.

•SA 33 Sacagawea traveled with them as a guide and interpreter.

The War of 1812

Lesson 4VocabularyWar Hawks

Era of Good Feelings

Adams-Onís Treaty

Monroe Doctrine

How did the War of 1812 affect Americans?

MC 15 Tecumseh united several Western groups to protect Native American lands.

The War of 1812FILL War Hawks supported the War of 1812, and they wanted to protect American sailors from British impressment.

SA 34 The British burned Washington D.C. to punish Americans for burning York.

The War of 1812SA 35 At Fort McHenry in Francis Scott Key was inspired to write “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

MC 14 In 1814 the Treaty of Ghent was signed ending the war/fighting, BUT neither side won.

MC 13 AFTER THE WAR and because of slow-traveling news, the Americans fought the British in New Orleans and CRUSHED them under the leadership of Andrew Jackson who became a national hero.*

The War of 1812

FILL In the Adams-Onis Treaty Spain sold Florida to the United States.

MC 16 & FILL The Monroe Doctrine said Europe and the U.S. should not interfere with each other. The U.S. hoped this would keep them out of European wars.

FILL After the War of 1812, Americans felt more united. This was known as the Era of Good Feelings.

The Industrial RevolutionLesson 5

VocabularyIndustrial

Revolutioncotton gininterchangeable

partreapersteam engine

How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives?

The Industrial Revolution

MC 17 The Northeast was a major manufacturing region in the U.S. in the 1800s.

The Industrial RevolutionSA 36 interchangeable parts – pieces made in standard sizes meant products could be made faster and at a lower cost

•MC 20 The Erie Canal is a system of locks to raise and lower the water level.•After it was built, New York City became the largest port in the country.

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a time when new machines and new ideas changed the way people worked, traveled, and lived.

1. A reaper is a machine with a sharp blade to cut grain.

2. As a result of the reaper, fewer farmers were needed and many people in farming areas moved to the cities.

1. The cotton gin was a machine that removed seed from cotton.

2. MC 19This made cotton the most important cash crop in the South. $$$$$$

1. The “iron horse” was a steam-powered train.

2. Railroads became the main form of transportation.

ReviewWhat were some important inventions during the Industrial Revolution?

– removed seed from cotton and made cotton the most important cash crop in the South

– made the process of cloth making much faster and large textile mills employed many people

– pieces made in standard sizes meant products could be made faster and at a lower cost

– made farming easier and fewer farmers were needed

– produced more power than horses and could pull heavier loads

– connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River with a series of locks to raise and lower the water level

– railroads became the main form of transportation

Cotton Gin

Power loom

Interchangeable parts

Mechanical plow and reaper

Steam engine

Erie Canal

Iron Horse

Review

What is manifest destiny?

Manifest destiny is the belief that the United States had a right to expand its borders and claim new lands.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The Trail of Tears was the 800-mile westward march of the Cherokee people to the Indian Territory; 4,000 people died along the way.

Maps

Click on a map to enlarge the view.