CHAPTER 6CHAPTER 6

““Launching Launching

a New Nation”a New Nation”

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 4CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 4

The War The War

of 1812of 1812

At this time in Europe…At this time in Europe…

Britain and France are at it Britain and France are at it again….WAR!again….WAR!

Jefferson, now in his 2Jefferson, now in his 2ndnd term, says… term, says…We will remain neutral!!

But when Britain and France decide to blockade (prevent ships from leaving/entering) each other’s ports….

U.S. Shipping is Affected:U.S. Shipping is Affected:

By 1807, Britain and France seize 1,500 By 1807, Britain and France seize 1,500 American ships and all their cargoes.American ships and all their cargoes.

British begin the British begin the impressmentimpressment of our of our sailors (they kidnap them and force sailors (they kidnap them and force them to join the British navy)them to join the British navy)

The Chesapeake IncidentThe Chesapeake Incident (June 1807) (June 1807)

British open fire on US ship for British open fire on US ship for refusing refusing to allow them to search it to allow them to search it for desertersfor deserters

The U.S. ResponseThe U.S. Response

Jefferson passes the Jefferson passes the Embargo Act of 1807Embargo Act of 1807

Definition:Definition: Ban on exports to Europe Ban on exports to Europe

Goal:Goal: Boost US production and hurt Boost US production and hurt Europe’s trade & economyEurope’s trade & economy

Impact:Impact: US economy falls apart. Oops. US economy falls apart. Oops.

NOTE: Many see this as Jefferson’s one major mistake.

Congress would cancel this Embargo after only 2 yrs.

America is also affected by…America is also affected by…

Indian ChiefIndian Chief

TecumsehTecumseh

““The Prophet”The Prophet”

and his brotherand his brother

These Shawnee chiefs tried to inspire Native American tribes:

• To Form a Confederacy (alliance of all tribes)• Get weapons and supplies from the British• To defend their lands once and for all from American settlementThey fail - because many tribes have already sold their land in treaties to the U.S. Bummer.

The U.S. ResponseThe U.S. ResponseBattle of TippecanoeBattle of Tippecanoe

The Prophet leads an attack on The Prophet leads an attack on

General William Henry HarrisonGeneral William Henry Harrison

& his troops in & his troops in (today’s)(today’s) Indiana. Indiana.

In the resulting battle, the In the resulting battle, the

Shawnee capital is burnt to the ground and Shawnee capital is burnt to the ground and Indian resistance crushed.Indian resistance crushed.

The worst part:The worst part: British guns are found on British guns are found on them.them.

The War HawksThe War Hawks

Young rowdy Congressmen like Young rowdy Congressmen like John John C. CalhounC. Calhoun say there is only one say there is only one thing to do:thing to do:DECLARE WAR ON BRITAIN!!DECLARE WAR ON BRITAIN!!

DECLARE WAR ON BRITAIN!!DECLARE WAR ON BRITAIN!!

DECLARE WAR ON BRITAIN!!DECLARE WAR ON BRITAIN!!

With mottoes like “On to Canada!”, they become known as:

The War Hawks

War Against Britain – Round 2War Against Britain – Round 2

President James MadisonPresident James Madison

asks Congress to declare asks Congress to declare

war in the spring of 1812.war in the spring of 1812.

June 1812 – Congress declares June 1812 – Congress declares war!!war!!However, is the young United States prepared for another large-scale war?

Knowledge Checkpoint Knowledge Checkpoint 11

1.1. Why does U.S. neutrality become more Why does U.S. neutrality become more and and more difficult to maintain?more difficult to maintain?

2.2. What are 2 ways the British are What are 2 ways the British are instigating instigating our young nation?our young nation?

3.3. Who are the War Hawks and what do Who are the War Hawks and what do they want?they want?

(Next….Round 2……FIGHT!!!! )

The First Actions of WarThe First Actions of War

Britain descends from Canada to Britain descends from Canada to take take DetroitDetroit with relative ease with relative ease

The U.S. fail to invade Canada and The U.S. fail to invade Canada and take take MontrealMontreal

The U.S. re-take The U.S. re-take DetroitDetroit after after regaining control of regaining control of Great LakesGreat Lakes

TecumsehTecumseh and British-allied Indians and British-allied Indians are killed at the are killed at the Battle of the ThamesBattle of the Thames

MOOB _/

The War At SeaThe War At Sea

U.S. Navy tests its 3 powerful 44-U.S. Navy tests its 3 powerful 44-cannon cannon frigatesfrigates – warships (ex: USS – warships (ex: USS Constitution)Constitution)

Oliver Hazard PerryOliver Hazard Perry wins several wins several

key battles on Great Lakeskey battles on Great LakesBritish heavily outnumber U.S.British heavily outnumber U.S.

Navy and blockade entire Navy and blockade entire

East CoastEast Coast

Wascally WedcoatsWascally WedcoatsBritish raid and burn towns up and British raid and burn towns up and

down Atlantic Coast (August 1814)down Atlantic Coast (August 1814)British surround Washington, D.C. British surround Washington, D.C.

and burn the city (including the and burn the city (including the White House)White House)

But that’s our

wonderful capital city!!

This is oh so very

upsetting…..

She Saves the DayShe Saves the Day The American government leaders literally The American government leaders literally

ran out one end of the city as the British ran out one end of the city as the British approached and began burning the otherapproached and began burning the other

Dolly MadisonDolly Madison ran back into the White ran back into the White House and ordered servants to bring out House and ordered servants to bring out important documents, especially THE most important documents, especially THE most famous painting of President George famous painting of President George WashingtonWashington

An Anthem is BornAn Anthem is BornBattle of BaltimoreBattle of Baltimore (Sept 15, 1814) (Sept 15, 1814)

- British bomb Ft. McHenry - British bomb Ft. McHenry outside cityoutside city

After 25 hrs, the After 25 hrs, the “flag was still there”“flag was still there”!!!!Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key, , local lawyer, local lawyer,

witnessedwitnessed this from a ship this from a shipHe writes theHe writes the

Star Spangled Star Spangled

BannerBanner, today’s, today’s

National AnthemNational Anthem

Interest in War FaltersInterest in War Falters

British:British:Parliament loses interest in this 2Parliament loses interest in this 2ndnd war warLack of money again an issueLack of money again an issueNapoleon and France still a bigger Napoleon and France still a bigger

enemyenemy

United States:United States:Most citizens unaffectedMost citizens unaffectedAlso a lack of money and supportAlso a lack of money and supportNo real clear goals or advantagesNo real clear goals or advantages

The War of 1812 endsThe War of 1812 ends

At the At the Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent (Dec 24, 1814), (Dec 24, 1814),

Britain and U.S. sign an Britain and U.S. sign an armisticearmistice (cease fire)(cease fire)

Agreements:Agreements:

1. Captured lands will be returned to both 1. Captured lands will be returned to both sidessides

2. Boundaries will remain the same2. Boundaries will remain the sameSo, what was the point of fighting at all, with no outcome affecting either

side?

One last hurrah…One last hurrah…

Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans (Jan 8, 1815) (Jan 8, 1815)

Fought 2 weeks Fought 2 weeks afterafter the peace treaty signed the peace treaty signedWHY? That makes no sense?WHY? That makes no sense?

Info took a month or two to cross the oceansInfo took a month or two to cross the oceans(no cell phones)(no cell phones)

General Andrew JacksonGeneral Andrew Jackson defends city, losing defends city, losing only dozens killed vs. hundreds of Britishonly dozens killed vs. hundreds of British

NOTE: This battle, though a morale boost for America,

had no real effect on the outcome of the war.

Following the war…Following the war…1815 – Trade reopens1815 – Trade reopens1817 – Rush-Bagot Agreement limits # of 1817 – Rush-Bagot Agreement limits # of

warships on Great Lakeswarships on Great Lakes1818 – LA Purchase’s northern boundary 1818 – LA Purchase’s northern boundary

set at 49set at 49thth parallel latitude parallel latitude1820’s – Agreement to share Oregon 1820’s – Agreement to share Oregon

TerritoryTerritoryBritish abandon all frontier forts over timeBritish abandon all frontier forts over timeA friendship begins, today: our closest allyA friendship begins, today: our closest ally

Knowledge Checkpoint Knowledge Checkpoint 22

1.1. In what way did the British humiliate the In what way did the British humiliate the U.S. during this war?U.S. during this war?

2.2. What makes the Battle of New Orleans What makes the Battle of New Orleans unique?unique?

3.3. Why do you think many historians call Why do you think many historians call the War of 1812 the War of 1812 “The Forgotten War”“The Forgotten War”??

(Next….Round 3….When the Spice Girls go on an American tourthey plant nuclear devices in their thongs, alarming citizens)

The End