THE NEW NATIONWashington's Presidency

THE "FOUNDING" PERIOD

WASHINGTON TAKES OFFICE

WHAT WHAT CHALLENGES ARE THE NEW NATION FACING?

Think what led to the following "Founding Moments":

Declaration of Independence

Constitution

WHAT ARE CHALLENGES FACING THE NEW NATION?

WHAT ARE CHALLENGES FACING THE NEW NATION?

Balance of power

State vs. federal power

3 branches of government

Enforcing laws - avoiding dictatorship

Efficiency

Maintains ideas of the Declaration

Unify the states

Trust

Being prepared for the future

Equality

• Debt from Revolutionary War• New Nation with no experiencing

governing• Building relations with foreign

countries/Alliances • Building an army• How to best represent the people

(who can vote?)• Slavery • Washington could not single-

handedly run the country - needed help from experts & supervisors

• Forts with British soldiers at them• Spanish & French in the US• Expansion west of the

Appalachian Mountains• Trouble with Native Americans

CABINET

• Constitution states that the preside

THE CABINET TODAYhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet

DEBT OWED BY THE NEW NATION

HAMILTON'S FINANCIAL PLAN

Federal government would assume state debts

The United States would pay back loans with interest

Protective tariff on imports produced in Europe to encourage American industries.

Excise tax on whiskey (tax on a luxury good)

There would be a National Bank which would issue paper money, issue tax receipts and hold the governments money.

RESPONSE TO THE ASSUMPTION OF STATE DEBTS• “Consolidation”….conveyed the political fear, so

potent among that Antifederalist critics of the constitutional settlement of 1788, that the states would be absorbed by the new federal government. It echoed the ideological fear, so effective as a weapon against the taxes imposed by Parliament and George III that…all liberty was lost. And at a primal level it suggested the unconscious fear of being swallowed up by a larger creature…eaten alive.

COMPROMISE

PROTECTIVE TARIFF

http://www.nps.gov/pagr/historyculture/index.htm

WHY SHOULD THE US PAY BACK LOANS WITH INTEREST?

WHISKEY REBELLION: FEDERAL POWER

PA farmers refused to PA farmers refused to pay the tax, threatened pay the tax, threatened

to to secedesecede from the from the UnionUnion

Washington sent in troops to Washington sent in troops to enforce the lawenforce the law

NATIONAL BANK

Sets off debate about how the constitution should be interpreted

"Strict" interpretation

"Loose" interpretationArticle 1, Section 8, Clause 18Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18"Congress has the power...to make "Congress has the power...to make all laws necessary and proper for all laws necessary and proper for

carrying into Execution the carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers"foregoing Powers"

ARE POLITICAL PARTIES NECESSARY?

Why did Washington warn against the formation of political parties?

What was the nature of politics parties in the late 1800s early. 1900s?

French Revolution Stirs America

• French Revolution begins (1789) Reign of Terror Napoleon

• Democratic-Republicans favor France• Federalists favor Britain

French Revolution Stirs America

• Washington declares neutrality (1793)

Embroilments with Britain

Treaties

• Jay Treaty w/ Britain (1794-1795)• Britain granted some concessions

Burning In Effigy

Treaties

• Pinckney Treaty w/ Spain (1795)• Established boundaries, right of deposit @

New Orleans

Presidential Transition

• Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)• Set trend: Isolation (also two-term

tradition)

Presidential Transition

• Election of 1796• Adams wins, Jefferson in as Vice President

eventually to 12th Amendment

Election info

Adams’ Presidency

• XYZ Affair (1797)• Undeclared naval warfare (1798-1800)

Adams’ Presidency

• Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)• Naturalization Act• Sedition Act (used)

• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions idea of nullification

End of the Era

• Federalists lost control of executive and legislative branches in election 0f 1800

• Federalist judges remained in power – chief justice was John Marshall