THE NEW NATIONWashington's Presidency

THE "FOUNDING" PERIOD

WASHINGTON TAKES OFFICE

WHAT WHAT CHALLENGES ARE THE NEW NATION FACING?Think what led to the following "Founding Moments":Declaration of Independence Constitution

WHAT ARE CHALLENGES FACING THE NEW NATION?

WHAT ARE CHALLENGES FACING THE NEW NATION?Balance of powerState vs. federal power3 branches of governmentEnforcing laws - avoiding dictatorshipEfficiencyMaintains ideas of the Declaration Unify the statesTrustBeing prepared for the futureEqualityDebt from Revolutionary WarNew Nation with no experiencing governingBuilding relations with foreign countries/Alliances Building an armyHow to best represent the people (who can vote?)Slavery Washington could not single-handedly run the country - needed help from experts & supervisors Forts with British soldiers at themSpanish & French in the USExpansion west of the Appalachian MountainsTrouble with Native Americans

CABINETConstitution states that the preside

THE CABINET TODAYhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet

DEBT OWED BY THE NEW NATION

HAMILTON'S FINANCIAL PLAN Federal government would assume state debtsThe United States would pay back loans with interestProtective tariff on imports produced in Europe to encourage American industries.Excise tax on whiskey (tax on a luxury good)There would be a National Bank which would issue paper money, issue tax receipts and hold the governments money.

RESPONSE TO THE ASSUMPTION OF STATE DEBTSConsolidation.conveyed the political fear, so potent among that Antifederalist critics of the constitutional settlement of 1788, that the states would be absorbed by the new federal government. It echoed the ideological fear, so effective as a weapon against the taxes imposed by Parliament and George III thatall liberty was lost. And at a primal level it suggested the unconscious fear of being swallowed up by a larger creatureeaten alive.

COMPROMISE

PROTECTIVE TARIFF

http://www.nps.gov/pagr/historyculture/index.htm

WHY SHOULD THE US PAY BACK LOANS WITH INTEREST?

WHISKEY REBELLION: FEDERAL POWERPA farmers refused to pay the tax, threatened to secede from the UnionWashington sent in troops to enforce the law

NATIONAL BANKSets off debate about how the constitution should be interpreted"Strict" interpretation

"Loose" interpretationArticle 1, Section 8, Clause 18"Congress has the power...to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers"

ARE POLITICAL PARTIES NECESSARY? Why did Washington warn against the formation of political parties?What was the nature of politics parties in the late 1800s early. 1900s?

French Revolution Stirs AmericaFrench Revolution begins (1789) Reign of Terror NapoleonDemocratic-Republicans favor FranceFederalists favor Britain

French Revolution Stirs AmericaWashington declares neutrality (1793)

Embroilments with Britain

Treaties Jay Treaty w/ Britain (1794-1795)Britain granted some concessionsBurning In Effigy

Treaties Pinckney Treaty w/ Spain (1795)Established boundaries, right of deposit @ New Orleans

Presidential Transition Washingtons Farewell Address (1796)Set trend: Isolation (also two-term tradition)

Presidential Transition Election of 1796Adams wins, Jefferson in as Vice President eventually to 12th Amendment Election info

Adams PresidencyXYZ Affair (1797)Undeclared naval warfare (1798-1800)

Adams PresidencyAlien & Sedition Acts (1798)Naturalization ActSedition Act (used)Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions idea of nullification

End of the EraFederalists lost control of executive and legislative branches in election 0f 1800Federalist judges remained in power chief justice was John Marshall