Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation

Agenda1. Bell Ringer: What is an invention today that is similar to the impact of the

Printing Press? 2. Lecture: Luther, Calvin, and the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Reformation. 3. The Medici’s and the Protestant Reformation4. Document Analysis: 95 Theses5. Council of Trent Primary Source

Reading Quiz next Thursday, Read Chapter 13 (Renaissance only) and All of Chapter 15.

Objectives: Students will compare and contrast Lutheranism and Calvinism.Students will analyze Luther’s 95 Theses and the effects on the Catholic Church.Students will examine the Counter-Reformation and the effects on aspects within the

Catholic Faith.

Overview

• Martin Luther believed he had the one true vision of the church and attempted to correct all other Christians.

• In the end he further subdivided the church.

The Sale of Indulgences

• In the Catholic faith, indulgences reduce penalties due for sins.

• Tetzel, a Dominican Friar claimed that indulgences would automatically remove guilt and the penalty.

• Luther claims that indulgences are wrong.

Painting by Carracci

95 Theses

• He forbid the sale of indulgences.

• Luther felt indulgences created a middle person that interfered with God.

• Indulgences cannot get you out of purgatory, only God can.

• The focus needed to be on God, not the Pope or Priests.

Pope Leo X

• He was not in a hurry to deal with Luther.

• “Just a monk”• He ordered a reply to

the theses, but Luther increased his attack on the Papacy.

• 1520, Luther is excommunicated.

Diet of Worms

• 1521, Luther is granted a hearing to recant his theses.

• He refused, claiming that Scripture was the only source for him.

• Then he begins the Lutheran Church.

Calvinism

• Men and women are sinful by nature.

• Predestination– He already has a plan

• Very strict…– No card games, no

dancing, no bright clothing, no sleeping in church, no art, no theater…

Catholic Reformation• The Catholic Church waited

too long to respond to the Protestant Reformation.

• Much of Northern England was lost to the Protestants.

• They sought to attain two goals.

1. Reform the Church2. Establish countermeasures

against Protestantism.There was a rigorous campaign

to improve the morals of the clergy.

Council of Trent (1545-1563)• Sought to keep a balance

favorable to Rome. • Reform and reinvigorate

the church. • Restated beliefs and

corrected abuses. • Simony = sale of Church

positions. (outlawed)• Chastity was restored. • There was no

compromise with Luther or Calvin.

Ignatius of Loyola

• Spanish nobleman who founded a new society based on service to the pope.

• He became a soldier of the lord. Founded the Jesuits.

• They took the monastic views of chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope.