Protestant reformation

23
Protestant Reformation Mrs. Boyd 12 th grade Global Studies Thomas Jefferson High School

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Transcript of Protestant reformation

Page 1: Protestant reformation

Protestant Reformation

Mrs. Boyd 12th grade Global Studies

Thomas Jefferson High School

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The Protestant Reformation: Roots

• Great Schism of the West (1054)– First break within the Catholic Church

• John Huss– 100 yrs. before Martin Luther– The first reformer – Beat off five crusades against the Catholic

Church – Excommunicated and burned at the stake

• Northern Renaissance

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Causes of the Reformation

• Problems with the church – Greedy - $$– Popes = Politicians – Warriors instead of moral leaders. – Many officials were unmoral and corrupt.

• It starts in Germany– Not unified – No strong leader to hold religion together

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Lutheranism

• Salvation comes from God and faith alone. – No ceremonies, relics, good deeds

• Sacraments – baptism and communion

– Key is the Bible• Wants people to be able to read the Bible• Religious education for all

– Priest do not have special powers

• Broke away from the Catholic Church because it was not pure– Traditional Lutherans have many similarities

to Catholics

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The Breaking Point!

Martin Luther Vs. Johann Tetzel and the fight over indulgences

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95 Theses

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What helps to spread Luther’s ideas?

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Diet of the Worms

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Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!!

Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen." ("Here I stand. I can do

nothing else. God help me. Amen.")

• He is excommunicated from church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

•Worked banned – Stopped by Frederick the Wise

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Luther’s Legacy

• Permanent split in the Christian faith between Catholicism and Protestantism

• A number of different sects of Protestantism::–Methodist–Presbyterian–Baptist

• Today - approximately 590 million Protestants worldwide

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John Calvin - Calvinism

• French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland

• Founder of Calvinist faith

• 1536 – The Institutes of the Christian Religion– Code = all religious

questions

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Beliefs • “Faith Alone” saves you• The Bible holds the

truth– Religious Education

• Calvinism = Calvinists • PREDESTINATION

– God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

– “ the elect” – expected to follow a high moral standard

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Calvinism Spreads

• Official religion – Geneva – Theocracy – government ruled by

religious leaders who claim God authority.

– Outlawed dancing, cards, bad language, etc.

– Created appeal – people knew how to act – Are the elect people????

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Calvinism Spreads

• Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland

• France–Huguenots –Civil Wars (1562) – King Henry IV – Edict of Nantes• Freedom of religion • Some political rights

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Henry VIII of England• Wished to divorce

Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn– Pope refused to grant it

• Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534

• Henry is the head of the Church of England not the Pope– In America we call this

the Anglican Church

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CONSEQUENCESEnd of a united ChristendomBloody wars of religion, religious persecutionReligious, Social, Political conflicts intermingledEstablishment of modern languages (German, English) not LatinConfiscation of Church lands increased power for rulers

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Religions Today (US)

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Religions Today (US Catholicism)

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Religions Today (US Judaism)

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Religions Today (Europe)

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Religions Today (World)