THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION or COUNTER-REFORMATION Catholic response(s) to the Protestant movements
description
Transcript of THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION or COUNTER-REFORMATION Catholic response(s) to the Protestant movements
THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION or COUNTER-REFORMATION
Catholic response(s) to the Protestant movements
New religious orders
Ignatius of Loyola – founded Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Devoted to spreading Catholicism by
1. Missionary work in foreign lands
2. Establishing schools and universities
Teresa of Avila – reformed Carmelite order of nuns
Called for stricter following of original Catholic teaching
1. focus on prayer and meditation
2. vows of poverty and seclusion
Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books)
Created in 1559 , lasted until 1966
Eventually included 4000 titles
Some works/authors were banned for religious differences…
Martin Luther John Calvin
…but scientists and philosophers were also on the list
Machiavelli Bacon Locke Voltaire
Thomas Hobbes – Eng. author; all of his works were banned
Revival of the Inquisition
Special Church courts set up to
punish heretics, enforce Church teachings
Most famous Inquisition was in Spain, 1478-1834
1550-1700 3000-5000 put to death
1676 Inquisition collected property worth 700,000 ducats (1 ducat=$44)
Council of Trent (1545-1563)
Series of meetings of various Catholic leaders
Originally called to discuss issues with Protestants, ended up mostly reinforcing traditional Catholic ideas:
~ salvation = faith + works (not “faith alone”)
~ Church as the ultimate interpreter of Scripture
~ Sacraments and most traditional practices were reaffirmed
Some changes were made by the Council:
~ Sale of indulgences was banned
~ Bishops must live in their dioceses (did away with pluralism)
~ Condemned practice of clergy having mistresses
~ created the Index of forbidden books
REFORMATION MAPUsing colored pencils, show where each of the listed religions had influence in Europe and
North Africa. Make a key!
Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox
Lutheran Islam
Calvinist Anglican