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BacterialDiseasesESCHERICHIACOLIINFECTIONSSALMONELLOSESPARATYPHOIDINFECTIONSFOWLCHOLERARIEMERELLAANATIPESTIFERINFECTIONSMYCOPLASMANECROTICENTERITISCHOLANGIOHEPATITISINBROILERCHICKENSGANGRENOUSDERMATITISBOTULISMAVIANTUBERCULOSIS

ViralDiseasesVIRALINCLUSIONBODYHEPATITISHAEMORRHAGICENTERITISOFTURKEYSEGGDROPSYNDROME1976ADENOVIRUSGROUPIASSOCIATEDINFECTIONSINFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)INFECTIOUSBRONCHITIS(IB)LARYNGOTRACHEITISSWOLLENHEADSYNDROMEINFECTIOUSENCEPHALOMYELITISNEWCASTLEDISEASEFOWLPOXREOVIRUSINFECTIONS

NeoplasticDiseasesinPoultryVIRUSINDUCEDNEOPLASTICDISEASESMAREK'SDISEASELYMPHOIDLEUKOSISMYELOCYTOMATOSISERYTHROBLASTOSISADENOCARCINOMATOSIS

ParasiticDiseasesCOCCIDIOSISHISTOMONOSISASCARIDIOSISRAILLIETINOSISKNEMIDOKOPTOSIS

MycosesandMycotoxicosesASPERGILLOSISASPERGILLUSGRANULOMATOUSDERMATITISAFLATOXICOSISCANDIDIASISFUSARIOTOXICOSES

DeficiencyDiseasesVITAMINB2DEFICIENCYVITAMINBiDEFICIENCYVITAMINEDEFICIENCYFATTYLIVERHAEMORRHAGICSYNDROMESLIPPEDTENDON(PEROSIS)

OtherPULMONARYHYPERTENSION(ASCITIS)SYNDROMEINBROILERCHICKENSAMYLOIDOSISDEEPPECTORALMYOPATHYRUPTUREOFTHEGASTROCNEMIUSTENDONINBROILERBREEDERSCAGELAYERFATIGUEDYSCHONDROPLASIATHYPERKERATOSIS

COCCIDIOSIS

346.Coccidiosis is a common protozoan disease in domestic birds and other fowl,characterizedbyenteritisandbloodydiarrhoea.The intestinal tract isaffected,withthe exception of the renal coccidiosis in geese. Clinically, bloody faeces, ruffledfeathers,anaemia,reducedheadsizeandsomnolenceareobserved.

347.The area around the vent is stained with blood. The infection is realized by afaecaloral route. After ingestion of sporulated (infective) oocysts, sporozoites arereleased that enter asexual and sexual cycles of development resulting in theemergenceofthousandsofnewoocystsintheintestines.Oocystsaredistributedbyfaeces.Soon,theysporulateandbecomeinfectiveforchickens.

348.The intestinal lesions provoked by coccidia, are due to injury of the epithelialcells of the mucous coat where the parasites are developed and multiplied. The

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DiseasesofPoultryByIvanDinev,DVM,PhD

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GOUTHYPERANDROGENISMINBROILERCHICKENSEFFECTOFSTICKYWILLY(GALIUMAPARINE)SEEDSONHEALTHYSTATUSANDPRODUCTIONTRAITSINBROILERCHICKENSGIZZARDIMPACTIONINTURKEYPOULTSROUNDHEARTINTURKEYS(DILATEDCARDIOMYOPATHY)ACUTESELENIUMINTOXICATIONACUTEPROPANEBUTANEINTOXICATIONSPONTANEOUSRUPTUREOFTHECAUDIALRENALARTERYINTURKEYSSUBCUTANEOUSEMPHYSEMAGASTROINTESTINALIMPACTIONMALFORMATIONS

oocysts exist in the litter in premises and are distributed by clothes, shoes, dust,insects etc. Pathoanatomically, dehydration and a high degree of anaemia of thebodyandvisceraarediscovered.

349.Anaemicappearanceof internalorgans.Thewet litterand theheat inpremisesfavourofthesporulationandtherefore,theoutbreakofcoccidiosis.

350.351.Depending on the localization of lesions in intestines, the coccidioses aredivided into caecal, induced by E. tenella, and small intestinal, induced by E.acervulina,E.brunetti,E.maxima,E.mitis,E.mivati,E.necatrix,E.praecoxandE.nagani. In caecal coccidiosis, a marked typhlitis is present and haemorrhages areseenthroughtheintestinalwall.

352.Thecaecaarefilledwithfreshorclottedblood.

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353.a laterstage, thecaecalcontentbecomesthicker,mixedwith fibrinousexudateandacquiresacheeselikeappearance.

354.355.356.In small intestinal coccidioses, depending on the eimeria species,haemorrhages with various intensities in different parts along the intestine areobserved. In many instances, the haemorrhages are petchial and could be seenthroughtheintestinalwall.

357.Sometimes,areationoftheintestinallymphoidtissueispresent.

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358.359.The content is mixed with fresh or clotted blood, and the mucous coat ismottledwithmultiplepetechialorlargerhaemorrhages.

360.Histologically,Eimeriaorganismsatavariousstageofdevelopmentaredetectedin the epithelial intestinal cells. The diagnosis is made upon the results of thecomplex evaluation of the clinical picture, the macroscopic lesions, imprintpreparations, histological study and flotation. Coccidioses should be differentiatedfromNE,UEandhistomonosis(typhlohepatitis).Treatmentsulfonamidesarewidelyused:sulfadimethoxine,sulfaquinoxaline, Isulfamethazine,but theyshouldnot Ibeused in layer hens. The supplementation I of vitamins A and K promotes therecovery.

361.The microscopic examination of a native preparation of intestinal content orsuperficialmucosal layerrevealsasignificantnumberofoocysts inoneobservationfield.Prevention. Theuseof coccidiostaticswith foragesona rotation basis is themost extensively used means. The immunization against coccidiosis withcommercialvaccinesisusedinbroilerbreederflocks.Ifthechickensareexposedtothenaturaleffectofamoderatenumberofoocystsintheirenvironment,theydevelopimmunitytotherespectiveparasiticspecies.

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