11/03/2015 NEWCASTLEDISEASEDiseasesofPoultryThePoultrySite

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BacterialDiseasesESCHERICHIACOLIINFECTIONSSALMONELLOSESPARATYPHOIDINFECTIONSFOWLCHOLERARIEMERELLAANATIPESTIFERINFECTIONSMYCOPLASMANECROTICENTERITISCHOLANGIOHEPATITISINBROILERCHICKENSGANGRENOUSDERMATITISBOTULISMAVIANTUBERCULOSIS

ViralDiseasesVIRALINCLUSIONBODYHEPATITISHAEMORRHAGICENTERITISOFTURKEYSEGGDROPSYNDROME1976ADENOVIRUSGROUPIASSOCIATEDINFECTIONSINFECTIOUSBURSALDISEASE(GUMBORO)INFECTIOUSBRONCHITIS(IB)LARYNGOTRACHEITISSWOLLENHEADSYNDROMEINFECTIOUSENCEPHALOMYELITISNEWCASTLEDISEASEFOWLPOXREOVIRUSINFECTIONS

NeoplasticDiseasesinPoultryVIRUSINDUCEDNEOPLASTICDISEASESMAREK'SDISEASELYMPHOIDLEUKOSISMYELOCYTOMATOSISERYTHROBLASTOSISADENOCARCINOMATOSIS

ParasiticDiseasesCOCCIDIOSISHISTOMONOSISASCARIDIOSISRAILLIETINOSISKNEMIDOKOPTOSIS

MycosesandMycotoxicosesASPERGILLOSISASPERGILLUSGRANULOMATOUSDERMATITISAFLATOXICOSISCANDIDIASISFUSARIOTOXICOSES

DeficiencyDiseasesVITAMINB2DEFICIENCYVITAMINBiDEFICIENCYVITAMINEDEFICIENCYFATTYLIVERHAEMORRHAGICSYNDROMESLIPPEDTENDON(PEROSIS)

OtherPULMONARYHYPERTENSION(ASCITIS)SYNDROMEINBROILERCHICKENSAMYLOIDOSISDEEPPECTORALMYOPATHYRUPTUREOFTHEGASTROCNEMIUSTENDONINBROILERBREEDERSCAGELAYERFATIGUEDYSCHONDROPLASIATHYPERKERATOSIS

NEWCASTLEDISEASE

255.256.257.The Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease in manyspecies of domestic, exotic and wild birds that, depending on its tropism, ischaracterizedbymarkedvariations inmorbidity,death rate,symptomsand lesions.The clinicomorphological signs possess a distinct viscerotropic or neurotropiccharacter. In the viscerotropic form, haemorrhagic diphtheritic lesions of the entirealimentarytract,fromthebeaktothevent,arepresent.Thehaemorrhagesofgizzardepithelium are remarkable. The mucous coat is oedematous, covered with thickmucus and mottled with haemorrhages varying from single to multiple, sometimesgatheredattheboundarieswiththegizzardortheoesophagus.

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DiseasesofPoultryByIvanDinev,DVM,PhD

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GOUTHYPERANDROGENISMINBROILERCHICKENSEFFECTOFSTICKYWILLY(GALIUMAPARINE)SEEDSONHEALTHYSTATUSANDPRODUCTIONTRAITSINBROILERCHICKENSGIZZARDIMPACTIONINTURKEYPOULTSROUNDHEARTINTURKEYS(DILATEDCARDIOMYOPATHY)ACUTESELENIUMINTOXICATIONACUTEPROPANEBUTANEINTOXICATIONSPONTANEOUSRUPTUREOFTHECAUDIALRENALARTERYINTURKEYSSUBCUTANEOUSEMPHYSEMAGASTROINTESTINALIMPACTIONMALFORMATIONS

258.259.260.Typicalforthisformarethehaemorrhagicnecroticandfocaldiphtheroidlesions affecting the mucosa of the buccal cavity (258), the stomach and theintestines (259, 260). The disease is generally prevalent in hens, more rarely inturkeys, exotic or wild birds. Birds at any age are susceptible. It is caused by aparamyxovirus. Depending on their pathogenicity, the numerous known strains areclassifiedaslentogenic,mesogenicandvelogenic.Thevaccinesmadeoflentogenicstrainsprovokeashorter immunity that requiresarevaccination.Thevaccinesfrommesogenic strains result in a lasting immunity, but could provoke a lethal issueespecially in birds without a primary immunity created on the basis of lentogenicvaccinalstrains.

261.262.A frequent finding is the enlargement and haemorrhages of caecal tonsils(261) and haemorrhagic cloacitis (262). Usually, these lesions begin from thelymphoid tissueof themucouscoat.Viruscontainingexcretaof infectedbirds, thatcontaminate the forage,waterand theenvironment,are thesourceof infection.Theinfection is transmittedmainlybyanoral route, theairborneorcontact transmission

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11/03/2015 NEWCASTLEDISEASEDiseasesofPoultryThePoultrySite

http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/6/diseasesofpoultry/199/newcastledisease 3/3

beingmore infrequent. The virus, contained in incubated eggs, results in embryo'sdeathandthenperishes.Thereisnopermanentcarriershipofthevirus.Animportantfactorinthetransmissionofvelogenicvirusescouldbetheexoticbirdsandfightingcocks.Thedeathratecouldarriveat70100%.

263.The neurotropic form of the disease is clinically manifested by ataxia,opisthotonus, torticolis, paresis and paralysis of legs. This form is frequentlyaccompanied by respiratory symptoms. Histopathologically, the picture ofnonpurulentlymphocyticencephalomyelitisisobserved.

264.Thelesionsofparamyxovirosis inpigeonsareentirely identical.Onthebasisofthehistoryandtheclinicomorphologicalsigns,atentativediagnosiscouldbemade,but its laboratory confirmation is mandatory. ND should be distinguished by avianinfluenza,fowlcholeraetc.

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