AP US HISTORY UNIT 11: WORLD WAR II AND COLD WAR Pre-World War II.
World War II
description
Transcript of World War II
![Page 1: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WORLD WAR IIAmerica and the World
![Page 2: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction Research Paper #2
WebQuest Discussion—All 3 Due on Friday
What it means to be in a war
Intro to WWII
![Page 3: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Underlying Themes Nationalism
Economic Situations in every country pretty bad
Civil Unrest
Radical Measures
Propaganda
![Page 4: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Italy
1919: Benito Mussolini creates Italy’s Fascist Party Fascism: Nationalistic movement that considered
the nation to be more important than the individual Believe order in society comes through a strong
government/dictatorship Largely anti-communist…big role in getting support
1922: Mussolini threatens a march on Rome with the Fascist militia the Blackshirts Leaders resign, Mussolini named premier
![Page 5: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Soviet Union Communistic Party in charge
One-party rule, suppressed individual liberties, and punished opponents
Joseph Stalin: Soviet Dictator in WWII Massive industrialization; Huge loss of wages Collectives: Government-owned farms Usage of concentration camps
2 million people by 1935 Most in Arctic and used as slave labor By 1953 (End of Stalin’s rule), between 8 and 10
million people died
![Page 6: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Germany Many Germans disliked Allies and German
government that approved peace terms Creation of National Socialist German Workers’ Party Nationalism and Anti-communism
Nov. 1923: Nazis tried to seize power (failed) Hitler arrested—writes Mein Kampf in prison
New Strategy: Nazis in Reichstag Works! Hitler named Chancellor in 1933, President by
1934
![Page 7: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Japan Very little economic growth…reliance on
imports
Military leaders and civilian supporters believe seizing territory the only option to get resources 1931: Manchuria invasion Japanese Prime Minister assassinated for
negotiating with China Nationalist policy of expansion begins
![Page 8: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
US Stays Neutral Americans begin to support isolationism
Nye Committee: Investigated allegations that arms manufacturers had tricked the US into entering World War I Report shows huge profits by arms factories Impression that gov’t was influenced by business
Neutrality Act of 1935: Illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war
Neutrality Act of 1937: “Cash-and-Carry” for non-military supplies
![Page 9: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1933: Takes office as US President
First job: end the Great Depression
Views: Internationalism Idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and
prevents war US should preserve peace in the world Believed “Neutrality Acts” could drag us into war
Sold weapons to China in 1937 to stop Japan Claimed to not violate Neutrality Act since no war was
technically declared Warned US could not let an “epidemic of lawlessness” infect
the world
![Page 10: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Major Players in the War
AXIS ALLIESGERMANY GREAT BRITAIN
ITALY SOVIET UNIONJAPAN UNITED
STATES
![Page 11: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Review Axis and Allies
Leaders
US Isolationism and Internationalism
![Page 12: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Path To War 1935: Hitler announces German military expansion
Violation of Treaty of Versailles; European appeasement Why? Avoid war, demands reasonable, belief that peace
could be reached
1937: Unification of All German-speakers? Targets: Austria, Czechoslovakia, etc. Hitler thinks force only means to unification
1938: Anschluss—unification of Germany and Austria Hitler threatens to invade if Nazis not given gov’t posts Austrian chancellor gives in, asks to let democracy work
Hitler sends in troops in fear of results
![Page 13: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sudetenland Germany claims Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
Czech resistance France threatens to fight, Soviet Union promises
aid to Czechs; Britain says they will back France
Munich Conference (1938) Britain, France, Italy, Germany meet Appeased Hitler; told Czechs to give land to
Germany or fight on their own Failed to protect peace as Germany sends troops to
Czech by 1939
![Page 14: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Danzig and the inevitability of war Hitler demands Danzig (city in Poland)
90 percent German, but part of Poland since WWI Requested a highway and railroad across Polish
Corridor, which connected Germany and East Prussia
Britain and France realize demands not ending Attack Poland, we back Poland in war Poland refused to cede lands, Hitler prepares for
invasion Hitler asks foreign minister to speak with USSR
![Page 15: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nazi-Soviet Pact We all know the Soviets eventually fought the
Nazis…but at first Hitler needed a non-aggression pact with the USSR to fight Britain and France USSR agrees to non-aggression pact (reason: turn
capitalism against capitalism) Secret pact to divide Poland between USSR and
Germany
One week after pact, Germany invades Poland (1939); Britain and France declare war
![Page 16: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
German War Ideas Blitzkrieg: Lightning War
Massive amounts of tanks to break through enemy lines and encircle enemy positions
Support tanks with bombings of enemy positions and paratroopers cutting supply lines
Strategy used to defeat the Polish military in roughly 1 month
![Page 18: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Maginot Line Maginot Line: Line of bunkers and
fortifications along the German border with France
![Page 19: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fall of France
France opts to wait for Germany to approach Maginot Line Problem: allowed Germany to focus solely on
Poland first (no two front war)
Germany avoids Maginot Line with new blitzkrieg Sent tanks into Belgium and Luxembourg France and Britain goes to Belgium to stop attack;
believes Ardennes Mtns natural defense Germans plowed through lines, roll through
France, and trapped British and French in Belgium
![Page 20: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Operation Dynamo Evacuation of Dunkirk
338,000 British and French forces saved Goal was 45,000 troops Loss of almost all weaponry
French surrender; Petain leader of Vichy France (puppet gov’t of Germany) Neutral, but not actually De Gaulle (Free France) resists Vichy France
gov’t and works with Allies
![Page 23: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Battle of Britain Germany had few transport ships, thus
crossing the Channel was difficult even after the fall of France
Strategy: Defeat the Royal Air Force Luftwaffe (German Air Force) attacks shipping
vessels in Channel; then focus on RAF Aug 23, 1940—Germans accidentally bomb
London Britain responds by bombing Berlin; Hitler responds
by stopping strategic bombing and attacking London
![Page 24: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Battle of Britain (continued) Hitler believed he could scare Britain into
surrender
Advantages: Germany: Number of Bombers Britain: Radar
October 12, 1940: Hitler ends invasion of Britain
![Page 25: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Quiz Name the 3 Major Axis Powers
Name the 3 main leaders of the Allied Powers
What was the fortified area along the France and Germany border known as?
Which term means “lightning war”?
![Page 26: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
And here comes America… FDR asks Congress to allow arms sales
to nations at war
FDR bypasses the laws? Churchill needs destroyers to stop Germany US exchanges destroyers for bases on
Newfoundland, Bermuda, and Caribbean islands Legality: No actually sale, simply a swap
![Page 27: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Internationalism or Isolationism? Destroyers for Bases Deal=Great Success in Public
Opinion…for most part
Fight for Freedom Committee: Get rid of neutrality laws and use stronger action against Germany
America First Committee: Isolationist group who wanted to US to give no aid to Allies
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies: Give only aid to Allies but no armed intervention
![Page 28: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Lend-Lease Act Lend or Lease Arms to any
country “vital to the defense of the United States” Allowed US to give weapons
as long as weapons or rent were received
Passed in Congress by wide margin Ultimately, US lent billions in
weapons, vehicles, and supplies to Allies
![Page 29: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
QUESTION TO THINK ABOUT
By giving economic and military aid to Great Britain and other Allied powers (notably USSR), did the United States make itself more likely or less likely to
enter into the Second World War?
![Page 30: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Great Debate Today, you will be putting yourself into a
debate to defend the ideals of either isolationism or internationalism in July of 1941. With this in mind, you must not discuss any
events that happened after July 1941 (Pearl Harbor, US military, etc.)
![Page 31: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Teams Atlanta Mike C. Shannon C. Nate Mike K. Tim Shane Elon Shelby
Brandon Billy Devin Erica Carrie Zacc Trevor Nadia Kassidy Jamie
![Page 32: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Roles by each team (must be assigned)
3 Researchers Make arguments supporting your side for the debaters Support the debaters during the actual debate (may
not speak) 3 Debaters
Present the information during the debate Should help researchers during the preliminary
research 2 Artists
Create at least 2 propaganda posters supporting your viewpoint
May be made electronically or by handEach group will receive (4) laptops and (4) textbooks as resources. Plan
wisely.
![Page 33: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Hemispheric Defense Zone Questions about how to
transfer goods to Britain U-Boats in Atlantic Inferiority of British Navy
U.S. Navy unable to protect British ships…why? Neutrality
Hemispheric Defense Zone: entire western half of Atlantic is neutral, thus FDR tells US Navy to patrol and reveal German locations
![Page 34: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Atlantic Charter August 1941: Roosevelt and Churchill
meet outside Newfoundland Plans for postwar world
![Page 35: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Atlantic Charter (continued) Basic Ideas:
Democracy Nonaggression Free Trade Economic Advancement Freedom of Seas
15 anti-Axis nations joined US & Britain
Churchill later says FDR pledged to “force an incident…justify opening hostilities” with Germans
9/4/1941: Greer “Shoot-on-Sight”
Oct 1941: Reuben James (115 dead)
![Page 36: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Japan-US Relations US-Britain relations play key role
British navy v. German U-boats…role with Japan? British possessions in Pacific
Japan needs US Strategic Materials: fuel (80% of Japan supply), steel,
iron 1940: Congress gives Roosevelt power to restrict
sales
Japan allies with Germany and Italy
![Page 37: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Japan-US Relations (continued) Roosevelt aiding China to prevent
Japanese expansion (Lend-lease)
Japan expansion continues…FDR sends MacArthur to Philippines, freezes Japanese assets in US, reduces oil exports even more
Embargo only ends with withdrawal from Indochina and peace with China
Japan losing due to oil shortage…attacks resource-rich Dutch and British colonies
![Page 38: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
A Date Which Will Live In Infamy
![Page 39: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Home front and Industry
![Page 40: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Impact of America’s Entrance Industrial advantage
2x more productive than Germans; 5x more than Japanese throughout war
1940: Roosevelt declared emergency and planned on building 50,000 warplanes a year; also requested money for “two-ocean” navyArmaments Production, 1940-1943
1940 1943
United States $1.5 billion $37.5 billion
Britain 3.5 billion 11.1 billion
USSR 5.0 billion 13.9 billion
Germany 6.0 billion 13.8 billion
Japan 1.0 billion 4.5 billion
![Page 41: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
War Production in America
![Page 42: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Cost-Plus Contracts Government agreed to pay companies
whatever it cost to make a product plus a percentage of the costs as profit Speed and quantity key to making money Very expensive for the government, but
increased war production in US Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
made loans to help companies transition to war production
![Page 43: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
American Industry Auto industry: producing trucks, tanks,
jeeps, aircraft, artillery, mines, etc. Ford: 8,600 B-24 Bombers Henry Kaiser: 3,000 Liberty Ships
![Page 44: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Mobilization Issues Which supplies and contracts
were most important?
War Production Board (WPB): Set priorities and production goals; control raw materials and supplies
Office of War Mobilization (OWM): Settled arguments between government agencies
![Page 45: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Military Build-up 1939: Army expanded to 227,000
soldiers Congress and most Americans oppose
peacetime draft
Sept. 1940 (after fall of France in June): first peacetime draft in US history approved
1941: 60,000+ enlist after Pearl Harbor Shortages in housing, equipment
![Page 48: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
African Americans in War Double V Campaign: Victory
over Hitler and Racism at home
Tuskegee Airmen: African American Air Force Unit
1943: Integration of Military Bases and Expanded role for minority groups
![Page 49: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The Battles of World War II Project In pairs, you will
present a detailed analysis of a particular battle in WWII. You will be expected to explain the major people, events, and impact of the battle you are assigned.
Bataan Death March/Doolittle Raid
Battle of Midway Battle of the Atlantic Battle of Stalingrad D-Day Invasion
(Operation Overlord) Battle of the Bulge Battle of Iwo Jima Battle of Okinawa
![Page 50: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Office of Price Administration Created during WWII to control prices
Price ceilings on most goods
Best known for rationing Food stamps Rationing of tires, automobiles, shoes,
nylon, sugar, gasoline, fuel oil, coffee, meats, processed foods, etc.
![Page 51: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Victory Gardens in WWII Idea: Plant your own fruit, vegetable, and
herb garden at home to help the war effort! Less consumption of goods produced=more
ability to send to soldiers Less processing of foods saved on metal and
other wartime goods
Morale booster—everyone doing their share to help the war, even at home First lady Eleanor Roosevelt even planted one
![Page 53: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
US Debt Accrues during the war… Over $300 billion in debt
10 times more than WWI; equivalent to total US spending since 1776
FDR wants to raise taxes Congress limits his ability to raise them
![Page 54: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
WWII Propaganda Consider each of the following:
Message portrayed
Reason poster was created
Effectiveness of poster
![Page 55: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Casablanca Conference January 1943 meeting between
mainly FDR and Churchill (some French reps—including De Gaulle—present as well) Stalin invited, declined to attend
due to Stalingrad
Key points European strategy: Make
Germany fight two front war? Unconditional surrender by Axis Allied aid to Soviets
![Page 62: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Tehran Conference
November 1943
Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt all present
Tehran Declaration: Agree to fight Nazi Germany until Hitler is defeated Plan Operation Overlord (D-Day Invasion)
Divide Germany between Allies
USSR will help with fight against Japan
![Page 63: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The War in Europe Ends February and March, 1945
Soviets drive back Germans after Battle of Bulge US forces cross the Rhine River Soviets 35 miles from Berlin; US 70 Miles
April 21: Soviets enter Berlin
April 30: Adolf Hitler commits suicide and chooses Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz as his successor Tried to surrender to the US and British, but not USSR Eisenhower insisted on “unconditional surrender”
![Page 64: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
V-E Day May 8, 1945—Victory In Europe
![Page 66: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Truman becomes President April 12, 1945—Roosevelt dies of a
stroke
Just weeks before the V-E Day; War in Japan still ongoing
![Page 67: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Controversial Decisions to be Made Firebombing Japan with napalm (jellied
gasoline) Questionable because it would start fires
that killed civilians
Japan willing to surrender, but wants to keep emperor US looking only for unconditional surrender
Manhattan Project and the dropping of the bomb
![Page 68: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
V-J Day: August 15, 1945
![Page 69: World War II](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070501/56816975550346895de1556a/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
The United Nations 50 Countries organized charter on April 25, 1945
1 delegate in the General Assembly 11 Nation Security Council
5 permanent members (US, Britain, France, China, USSR)
Goal: Prevent future wars and preserve peace
Commission on Human Rights Headed by Eleanor Roosevelt Lists 30 rights tat are said to be universal