World War II Outcome: Causes of World War II

1. Underlying Causes of World War II

a. _____________ (Review from WWI): Extreme pride in one’s nationality or country b. Imperialism (Review from WWI): ___________________________ c. Militarism (Review from WWI): Building _________ or a strong ____________ d. Fascism: a political philosophy, movement, or regime that _________ ___________

and often race above the individual and that stands for a ____________ __________ government headed by a ____________ leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

e. Totalitarian Dictatorships: ______________________________________ i. Each dictator took advantage of economic problems by:

1. Promising __________ ____________ to their nation’s problems 2. Rebuilding ____________ ___________ (often using propaganda) 3. Providing _______________ (targets for _________ & __________) 4. Absorbing _________, taking away individual rights, and ___________

_____________ (___ party; ___ ruler) 2. Fascist Germany

a. Dictator: __________________ (Der _________ or The leader) i. ______________ is German Fascism

b. Goals: i. Nationalism:

1. Wanted to ___________ Germany 2. Preached Vengeance against (4 hates)

a. ______________ (a weak & undisciplined form of gov’t) b. ______________ (a threat to Nazi growth) c. November ____________ who signed the WWI __________ d. _________ (the source of all evil & problems in Germany)

ii. Imperialism: 1. A desire to _____ all people of ________ ________ (Blood & language) 2. “_____________” (a desire for more living space) needed to build his

empire he called ________________ iii. Militarism:

1. Defied the Treaty of ____________ & rebuild the ___________ 2. Created the “_______________________” 3. Built ____ ____________ in the world

3. Fascist Italy a. Dictator: _____________________ (Il __________ = The Leader) b. Goals:

i. Nationalism: 1. Wished to rebuild the ancient _____________________

ii. Imperialism: 1. Felt betrayed by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles Conference due to

a ______________________ for joining the Allies that was __________ 2. Wanted to control lands around the __________________________; 3. “____________________” = Our Sea

iii. Militarism: 1. Formed the _______-_________ Axis (alliance) with Germany in 1936

4. Japan a. Dictators:

i. ________________: Military Leader & Prime Minister ii. ________________: Political & Spiritual figurehead

b. Goals i. Nationalism:

1. Japan wanted to be ________________ 2. Goal: _________________________________: name for power in Asia

ii. Imperialism: 1. To be #1 in Asia, they needed _______ and ___________________ 2. Wanted _______ _______ (and others) to obtain oil and raw materials

iii. Militarism: 1. Built up the ________ ___________ regime in Asia 2. Soldier’s motto: “___________________________”

5. Others a. Spain: _______________ fascists won the Spanish ____________________ b. Soviet Union: _________ ____________ took control of the communist nation

6. Poor Decisions were made by the powerful ___________________

a. France & Great Britain adopted a policy of ___________________ b. The _______________ of Nations would prove ineffective; lacked a __________ c. U.S.: ______________ & ______________ kept our focus on U.S. concerns; once

______________ began we claimed to be _______________

Equation: _________________ + ________________ + __________________ = Aggression

Extreme Aggression = ___________________!

World War II Outcome: The Rise of Adolf Hitler

1. Setting the Stage: ___________________

a. Although an _____________, Hitler joined the __________ army in WWI b. Hitler was never an officer and was ______________ in leg c. Temporarily ___________ by mustard gas; while in hospital he became convinced

that his ______________ in life was to “________ _______________” d. On Nov 11, 1918, Germany agreed to an _______________ ---> _________ Hitler e. Hitler called those who surrendered “________________ ___________________” f. In 1919 Germany forced to accept terms of the Treaty of ___________________:

i. War _________ clause: Blame ii. Loss of ____________

iii. Loss of ____________ iv. ______________________ v. Had to form a ________________: ______________ _______________

2. Rise of the Nazi Party

a. In 1920, Hitler helps form the _______ Party (German ___________ _________ Party) b. Beer Hall Putsch: Hitler and his Nazis try to _______________ the new

democracy in a large beer hall in ______________. c. ____ of his men are killed. Hitler flees and is later ____________ on high treason. d. While in prison Hitler writes “_________ _____________” e. Learns lesson: Must _____________ _______________ from within f. Served __________________ and was released

3. Hitler Takes Control

a. In 1925 ______ ______ ________________ elected President of the Weimar Republic b. By 1932 the Nazi Party had become largest party in the _____________________;

_____% majority (Similar to Parliament or Congress) c. Hitler was _____________ ________________ in 1933 (2nd in command) d. February 1933 the _______________ ____________ down; blamed on Communists e. Reichstag responded by suppressing communists and others and passed the

“_____________ _______” which _______________ its power to the ____________ (dissolved power of Reichstag)

f. 1934 President Von Hindenburg _________ & Hitler was declared “____ __________” -The Dictator

4. Prelude to the Holocaust & World War II a. Anti-Semitism, or ________________, already existed in the hearts of many Europeans b. ____________ ______ were passed allowing gov’t to legally discriminate against Jews c. Examples of Nuremberg Laws:

i. Jews were stripped of German __________________ (could no longer vote) ii. ____________ between ___________ & Germans was forbidden

iii. Jews were ___________ from public office, practicing law, medicine, teaching iv. Jews had ____________, had to wear yellow ________ for public ID v. Allowed for _______ & _________ terrorism against Jews

d. This led to a 3 step process (aka The Holocaust):

i. Development of Jewish _____________ in cities ii. _______________ Camps became sites of forced __________ and murder

iii. _______________- mass killing of over 6 million Jews

e. 1938 ______________________: i. The Night of __________ ________- anti-semitic riots in Germany and Austria.

ii. ______________ Jews rounded up and taken to concentration camps iii. Homes, businesses, and synagogues __________________

f. 1939 Hitler ____________ Poland and starts _____________________ g. He continued efforts to unite all people of German blood or Aryans under “_____

_________ _________” h. He called his empire the ________ __________

Result: Hitler used democracy to destroy democracy. Once he became “Der Fuhrer,” he ruled Germany as a _____________ _____________ and used his power to ________ _________ several countries and murder millions.

World War II Outcome: The European Theater

1. Aggression in Europe a. Italy invaded _________________ and took control in 1935 b. Spain’s Civil War was won by the ________________ in 1936 c. Germany

i. 1936: Hitler had _____________ and sent troops to the _______________ ii. 1938: Hitler annexed __________ & demanded the ______________ (W. Czech)

iii. 1938: _______________ Conference (Germany, Italy, Britain, & France) 1. Goal: To stop further ____________ _________________ in Europe 2. Result: The Munich Pact gave Hitler the Sudetenland if he promised to end

______________ _________________ 3. Policy: “____________________”

iv. March 1939: Germany took rest of ____________________ (appeasement failed) v. ___________ & _____________ pledged war if aggression continued

vi. 1939: Hitler & Stalin signed a “______-_________________ Pact” d. United States’ reaction to foreign aggression

i. 1935: passed _________________ Act – no arms to ______________ nations ii. 1939: “________-n-___________” policy (purpose to aid the Allies)

2. War in Europe (Early Period) a. Sept. 1, 1939: _________ ______ __________ with blitzkrieg attack (WWII begins)

i. France & Great Britain ____________ ________ the next day ii. The ______________ intensifies

b. “___________ War” Period (“_________________”) ---> Sept 1939-April 1940 c. April, 1940: Germany resumed “________________” attacks

i. ________ __________ fell quickly ---> Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway ii. ____________ fell to Hitler in late June _________

d. Summer/Fall, ‘40: Battle of ____________ (German ______________ vs. RAF) e. June, 1941: Hitler double crossed Stalin and _______ ___________ through Poland

i. Big Mistake! Stalin used ___________ _______________ military tactic ii. Harsh _______ and lack of useable supplies resulted in over __ million Nazi loses

3. Diplomacy was Failing a. ______________ was ________________ when dealing with Hitler b. Sept 1940: Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the ____________ Pact (Axis Powers) c. U.S. Neutrality? Biased?

i. 1940: WWI _____________ given for __________ deal with Great Britain ii. 1941: _____-_______ Act --> U.S. became the “_____________ of Democracy”

iii. 1941: FDR and W. Churchill (Britain) agreed to the ____________ Charter 4. Last Events to U.S. Entry

a. 1941: U.S. attempted to stop Japan’s invasion of China (in Civil War) i. Sent ______________ (warning)

ii. Issued a scrap metal and _________________

b. By Aug. 1941: __________________ fell to Japan i. U.S. began a full _______ ____________ against Japan

ii. Japan responded by: 1. Sending a ______________ to Washington D.C. 2. ____________ for an __________ on the U.S. (decoded message)

5. December ___th, ________: Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor

a. U.S. Pacific Fleet was based at Pearl Harbor in ___________ b. Attack was meant to cripple _____________ so couldn’t interfere with Japan c. Six aircraft carriers and 353 Japanese planes attacked in _____ ___________ d. 2,403 died (1,177 killed on the U.S.S. Arizona) e. U.S. declared war on Japan the next day “…Date that will live in ___________…” f. __________ & _______ declared war on the U.S. on Dec 8, 1941 (Tripartite Pact) g. The U.S. was officially in the ______! (__________________was over)

6. Key Nations at War

a. Allies: _______________, _________, _______________, _______________ b. Axis: ____________, ______________, ______________

7. European Theater

a. Name given to the ____________ that took place in ______________ b. 1942: ____________ stood alone against Axis c. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower = ________ ________ ___________ of the European Theater d. Allies first invaded through __________ and up into ___________ e. _______________ was overthrown and killed f. Eastern Front: _______________

i. The Nazis were fighting the ______________ in Stalingrad (Aug 1942-Feb 1943) ii. One of the ____________ _______________ in the history of warfare

iii. Nazis are defeated; __________ ______________ of the war for the Allies g. Western Front: _________

i. General Eisenhower planned D-Day for __________________ ii. ___________ _____________ across English Channel into Normandy, France

iii. _______________________________________ in history iv. Allies ___________ allowed them to push further into ____________

h. ___________ of the _______________ i. Hitler’s last major _________________

ii. Allies were pushing from the _______ (from France), _________ through Italy, and from the ____________ (Soviets)

iii. Germany was _________________ 8. German Surrender

a. Hitler ______________ ______________ before he could be captured b. Germany officially ____________ on May 7, 1945; following day is known as ___ Day c. Now the Allies had to figure out how to ____________ ______________

World War II Outcome: The Pacific Theater

1. Setting the Stage: Aggression in Asia

a. 1931: Japan invaded _______________ (NE province of China rich in ____________) b. 1937: Japan invaded _________ who was experiencing a _________ _________ c. Japan needed _______ _____________ especially _____ to be #1 in Asia

2. Attack at Pearl Harbor a. Japan had hoped to cripple the ______________________ b. Several U.S. carriers were _____________ when Japan attacked on Dec. 7, ‘49 c. Japan also attacked _______, _________ Island, _____________ Island, and the

Philippine Islands on the same day d. Once the home front _____________ hit high production, Japan truly did awaken a

____________ ______________ 3. Doolittle Raid

a. _________________ led a raid on Tokyo with _______ bombers b. Helped boost American ___________ c. Showed the Japanese were not _____________ d. Inflicted _________ ___________ to the city

4. Island Hopping a. The Supreme Allied Commander for the Pacific Theater was Gen. _______________ b. The U.S. adopted the Island Hopping or ___________________ strategy moving from

island to island c. The Fighting in the Pacific was ______________for several reasons:

i. ______ degree heat ---> humidity caused _____________ & ______________ ii. Many ______________

iii. Japanese motto “___________________________” iv. ________________ attacks: suicide attacks damaged 300 ships and caused

15,000 casualties 5. Key Victories for the Allies

a. Battle of _________________ i. Japanese hoped to use Midway as a base to ____________________________

ii. ____________ of ______________ in the Pacific shifted towards the Allies b. Battle of _________________

i. The Japanese advance was _________________ ii. All ______________ shifted to the _________

c. Battle of _________________ i. ___________ Japanese killed and ____________ U.S. lives lost

ii. Put Americans _______________________________ of Japanese home islands 6. Possible _______________ for Finishing off the ___________________

a. ________________________ which could cost over 1,000,000 Allied soldiers b. Use of the _______________________ (secret)

World War II Outcome: The Atomic Bombs and the Decision to Use Them

1. The A-Bomb Project

a. 1939: __________ ____________ split uranium atoms, creating a nuclear ___________ b. May ’42: _____ created a secret $___ A-bomb program ---> _____________ Project

i. _______ workers and world famous scientists contributed (a race was underway) 1. _________________ – German refugee (Jewish) 2. _________________ – Italian refugee 3. _________________ – American Jew (Scientific Director)

ii. _________: The U.S. program successfully created a ___________ ___________ iii. The actual bombs were constructed in a lab in _________________, New Mexico

c. Upon FDR’s death (April 12, 1945) even _____________ was unaware of the project 2. Following V-E Day (May 8, 1945) Allied leaders agreed to meet in Potsdam, Germany

a. Purpose: To decide the ______ of post-war Europe and how to _________ __________ b. July 16, 1945: While at the Potsdam Conference, Truman received news that:

i. The “_______________” in Alamogordo, New Mexico had succeeded ii. ___ more __________ had been produced, and others were on the way

iii. Stalin _______ seem surprised when Truman told him. Why? ___________ c. July 26, 1945: Allies _____________ to surrender or face prompt & utter ___________

3. President Truman relied on advisers, but Truman made the final decision a. Over 70 project scientists and Gen. Eisenhower _________ _________ using the bombs b. The decision was based on:

i. Saving ___________ & __ and shorten the war by ___________ months ii. The fact that __________________ warfare ________ forced a Japanese

surrender, despite high casualties iii. Estimates that Japan still had ____________ soldiers ready to fight and die iv. Gaining an upper hand on the _______________ in the post-war negotiations

(*The Soviet Union was scheduled to enter the war against Japan on _________________) v. ____________ its future use by using it now (______________)

c. Truman never ______________ or ________________ for his decision

4. The Defeat of Japan in 1945 a. Aug 6: ______________ was dropped from the B-29 bomber nicknamed the

_________________, exploding 2000 feet above ______________ (100,000 died) b. Aug 9: ______________ was dropped on _______________ (100,000 died) c. Aug 14: _______ Day; Sept 2, ;45: Japan signed the ____________ _______________!

Result: The _____________________. The war literally ended with a bang and no country has used the atomic bomb since Nagasaki. Peace would be __________________, however, as tensions with the _____________ were on the rise which would begin the ______________.