World War I
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World War I AKA: The Great War! Essential Question: iscuss the domestic, political & internation mpact that World War I had on the U.S. Causes of WWI: 1. Imperialism 2. Nationalism 3. Militarism 4. Rivalry 5. Entangling Alliances
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World War I. AKA: The Great War!. Essential Question:. Discuss the domestic, political & international impact that World War I had on the U.S. . Causes of WWI:. Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Rivalry Entangling Alliances. Terms & People 1 st Set. Imperialism Rivalry Alliance - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of World War I
World War IAKA: The Great War!
Essential Question:Discuss the domestic, political & international impact that World War I had on the U.S.
Causes of WWI:1. Imperialism2. Nationalism3. Militarism4. Rivalry5. Entangling Alliances
Terms & People1st Set
ImperialismRivalryAllianceMilitarismNeutralityBalkans
Woodrow WilsonOtto Von BismarckFranz FerdinandGavrilo Princep
War Begins!- The Balkans… the Powder Keg of Europe!- Ottoman Empire leaving, Austro-Hungarian Empire taking over!
- Independence for Balkan Ethnic Groups? NO!!!!!- Anger…. Militant Groups Form…. Violence Ensues
Archduke Franz Ferdinand- Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary- Travelling to Sarajevo to “showcase the power of the empire”- ASSASSINATED!!!!!!!
GAVRILO PRINCEP- Serbian Militant (The Black Hand)
Austro-Hungarian Reactions??
Terms & People2nd Set
MobilizationSchlieffen PlanLiegeNo Mans LandTrench Warfare1St Battle of MarneVerdunBattle of the Somme
Kaiser Wilhelm IIManfred von RichthofenEdward Rickenbacker
Entangling Alliances• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
• Russia announced support for Serbia• Germany declared war on Russia & France (allies)• Great Britain = not sure what to do… then:
• Germany invaded Belgium (quick route to Paris)• Great Britain promised to protect Belgian neutrality
• Great Britain declared war on Germany• United States = Neutral… sort of… for now…
Allied Powers Central Powers
France Germany
Serbia Austria-Hungary
Russia Ottoman Empire
Great Britain Bulgaria
Italy
Japan
Opposing PlansGermans = Schlieffen Plan
How do you win a 2 front war? - Defeat 1st enemy as fast as possible, then fight the other!- Germans plan to defeat France, then turn to fight Russia
French Plan? 1) Defend along fortified border2) Counter attack deep into Germany
The Early Phase of War• Germany attacked Belgium (Great Britain declared war on Germany)
• Belgians put up a heck of a fight! (Liege)• Schlieffen plan is changed!!! • France defends itself just outside of Paris
• 1st Battle of the Marne• Stalemate follows
• Battle of the Somme• Battle of Verdun
• Trench Warfare
Technology in World War I- Page 632 of your text
Trench WarfareGerman trenches near the Somme River (Photo Credit: Michael St. Maur Sheil)
Trench WarfareGerman Command Bunker: Leading up to the Battle of the Somme (Photo Credit: M.St. M.S.)
Trench Warfare
British man a machine gun at the Battle of the Somme (Photo Credit: Hulton-Deutsch Collection)
Trench Warfare
World War I Trench at Vimy: In April 1917, Canadian forces defeated the heavily entrenched Germans near Vimy, France. Today, the remnants of the German defenses have been preserved with concrete. (Photo Credit: Paul Almasy)
Trench Warfare
Soldiers Picking Lice from Clothes: Conditions in the trenches were miserable, with rampant dirt, vermin and disease. (Photo Credit: Bettmann)
Trench WarfareGerman Trench and Bunker near Verdun: For nearly four years, the Allies and Germany fought over the Butte de Vauquois. The battles included a deadly series of attacks in which more than 500 mines were exploded beneath trenches, tunnels and buildings in the town. (Photo Credit: Michael St. Maur Sheil)
Terms & People3rd Set!
Sussex PledgeNational Defense ActZimmerman NoteU-boatLusitaniaSelective Service ActDoughboyEspionage ActSedition Act
William Jennings BryanRobert LansingJeannette RankinJohn J. PershingWilliam McAdooHerbert HooverJuliette Gordon Low
The U.S. Goes to War!Remember the Neutrality plan? Well… it didn’t last
Cultural differences Propaganda
Caught in the middle!- British Naval Blockade- German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Lusitania- Tragic Event that turned American opinion- Led to the German Sussex Pledge- Mixed feelings in the U.S.
- William Jennings Bryan (Sec. of State)- Robert Lansing (replaced Bryan)
- By 1916 – U.S. arms sales to Allies up to $500 million!!
U.S. “Preparedness”National Defense Act
• 90,000-175,000 (223,000 eventually)• $313 Million to build up Navy
“PEACE WITHOUT VICTORY” …. IS IT POSSIBLE?
Diplomacy Fails Germany Resumes Unrestricted Sub War US Breaks diplomatic relations Zimmerman Note! April 4, 1917 = WAR!!!
Jeannette Rankin
Over There!US Mobilizes for war
Selective Service Act- 4.8 Million “Yanks” were draftees!
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)- John Pershing in command!- Reach Europe by June 1917- Big boost in morale for allies- Americans introduce Convoy System as well!
Life of a “Doughboy”• Race?• Training?• War Experience?
Page 637!
