Ch 11 The First World Ch 11 The First World WarWar

Section ISection I

World War I BeginsWorld War I Begins

Causes of World War ICauses of World War I

4 long-term causes4 long-term causes– NationalismNationalism

Devotion to the interest and culture of one’s Devotion to the interest and culture of one’s nationnation

– ImperialismImperialism Europeans had been building empiresEuropeans had been building empires

– Militarism Militarism The development of armed forcesThe development of armed forces

– AlliancesAlliances The Triple Entente becomes the AlliesThe Triple Entente becomes the Allies The Triple Alliance becomes the Central PowersThe Triple Alliance becomes the Central Powers

AlliancesAlliances

Triple Triple EntenteEntente

AlliesAllies Triple Triple AllianceAlliance

Central Central PowersPowers

FranceFrance

BritainBritain

RussiaRussia

FranceFrance

BritainBritain

RussiaRussia

ItalyItaly

United United StatesStates

GermanyGermany

Austria-Austria-HungaryHungary

ItalyItaly

GermanyGermany

Austria-Austria-Hungary Hungary

Ottoman Ottoman EmpireEmpire

Label the following on your Label the following on your mapmap

GermanyGermany Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire Italy (stripe)Italy (stripe) FranceFrance BritainBritain RussiaRussia SerbiaSerbia BelgiumBelgium

An Assassination Leads to An Assassination Leads to WarWar

Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevoby Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo

On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbiawar on Serbia

Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germanyand Germany

Germany declared war on Russia and her Germany declared war on Russia and her ally of Franceally of France

Germany marched through Belgium, Germany marched through Belgium, Britain declares war on Both Germany and Britain declares war on Both Germany and Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary

The Fighting StartsThe Fighting Starts

On August 3, 1914, Germany On August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium (Schelieffen Plan)invaded Belgium (Schelieffen Plan)

Trench Warfare, German soldiers in Trench Warfare, German soldiers in one and Allies in the other “no man’s one and Allies in the other “no man’s land” betweenland” between

Fighting for yards of groundFighting for yards of ground

Americans Question Americans Question NeutralityNeutrality

Most Americans saw no reason to Most Americans saw no reason to enter WWIenter WWI

Loyalties were dividedLoyalties were divided British PropagandaBritish Propaganda

– Showed the harshness of GermanyShowed the harshness of Germany Economic ties were far stronger with Economic ties were far stronger with

the Alliesthe Allies

War Hits HomeWar Hits Home

The British BlockadeThe British Blockade– American ships carrying goods for American ships carrying goods for

Germany refused to challenge the Germany refused to challenge the blockadeblockade

– By 1917 famine stalked GermanyBy 1917 famine stalked Germany U-Boat ResponseU-Boat Response

– (unterseeboot) threatened any ship in (unterseeboot) threatened any ship in the war zone the war zone

– Lusitania – British Passenger linerLusitania – British Passenger liner

He kept us out of war

In the 1916 election

Sinking of the Arabic and Sinking of the Arabic and SussexSussex

The U.S. warned that they would The U.S. warned that they would break off diplomatic ties with break off diplomatic ties with GermanyGermany

The United States Declares The United States Declares WarWar

On 1/31/1917 Kaiser Wilhelm announced On 1/31/1917 Kaiser Wilhelm announced that U-boat would have unrestricted that U-boat would have unrestricted warfare warfare

Zimmermann note – proposed an alliance Zimmermann note – proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico.between Germany and Mexico.– Mexico would occupy the U.S. and in return Mexico would occupy the U.S. and in return

they would get the lost territory of Texas, New they would get the lost territory of Texas, New Mexico and ArizonaMexico and Arizona

Sinking of 4 unarmed U.S. Merchant shipsSinking of 4 unarmed U.S. Merchant ships Russia’s monarchy was replaced with a Russia’s monarchy was replaced with a

representative governmentrepresentative government

U.S. Declares WarU.S. Declares War

April 2, 1917 April 2, 1917 Wilson asks for a Wilson asks for a declaration of wardeclaration of war

Make the world Make the world “safe for “safe for democracy”democracy”

Section 2Section 2

American Power Tips the American Power Tips the BalanceBalance

America MobilizesAmerica Mobilizes

Selective Service Act – Draft Selective Service Act – Draft Mass Production – Women were Mass Production – Women were

encouraged to work in factoriesencouraged to work in factories– Capitalist money drives productionCapitalist money drives production

America turns the tideAmerica turns the tide– Convoy systemConvoy system– Freshness and enthusiasm (dough boys)Freshness and enthusiasm (dough boys)

American Expeditionary Force led by American Expeditionary Force led by John J. PershingJohn J. Pershing

WeaponsWeapons– Machine gunMachine gun– TankTank– Airplane ( surveillance to bombs )Airplane ( surveillance to bombs )

New HazardsNew Hazards

Shell shock, battle fatigue, emotional Shell shock, battle fatigue, emotional collapse collapse

Trench foot –from standing in cold Trench foot –from standing in cold wet trencheswet trenches

Trench mouthTrench mouth

American TroopsAmerican Troops

Allies Stop German Advance • Russia pulls out of war 1917;

Germans shift armies to western front Russia and Germany sign the Treaty of

Brest-litovsk - come within 50 miles of Paris • Americans help stop German

advance, turn tide against Central Powers

The Collapse of Germany

November 3, 1918, Austria-Hungary surrenders to Allies

German sailors, soldiers rebel; socialists establish German republic

- Kaiser gives up throne Germans exhausted; armistice, or

truce, signed November 11, 1918

The Final Toll

World War I bloodiest war in history to date

more than half of 22 million dead are civilians

20 million more are wounded 10 million people become refugees

Vocabulary (15 words)Vocabulary (15 words) Section 1Section 1

– NationalismNationalism– MilitarismMilitarism– AlliesAllies– No man’s landNo man’s land

Section 2Section 2– Eddie RickenbackerEddie Rickenbacker– American American

Expeditionary ForceExpeditionary Force– Alvin YorkAlvin York– Conscientious Conscientious

objectorobjector

Section 3Section 3– Great MigrationGreat Migration

Section 4Section 4– 14 points14 points– League of NationsLeague of Nations– Georges Georges

ClemenceauClemenceau– War-guild clauseWar-guild clause– reparationsreparations– Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge