World War I ( 1914 -1918 ) World War I (1914 -1918)
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Transcript of World War I ( 1914 -1918 ) World War I (1914 -1918)
World World War IWar I
((1914 -19181914 -1918))
World World War IWar I
((1914 -19181914 -1918))
Differing ViewpointsDiffering ViewpointsDiffering ViewpointsDiffering Viewpoints
“ “Family Feud”Family Feud”
“ “Fall of the Eagles”Fall of the Eagles”
“ “The War to End All Wars”The War to End All Wars”
“ “The War to Make theThe War to Make the World Safe for Democracy” World Safe for Democracy”
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::
Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17The Major Players: 1914-17
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]
George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]Pres. Poincare [Fr]Pres. Poincare [Fr]Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::
Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]Franz Josef [A-H]
Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II [It][It]
Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II [It][It]
Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]
Europe in 1914Europe in 1914Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s.in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
4. Aggressive Nationalism4. Aggressive Nationalism4. Aggressive Nationalism4. Aggressive Nationalism
TheThe“Spark“Spark
””
TheThe“Spark“Spark
””
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His FamilyHis Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His FamilyHis Family
The Assassination: SarajevoThe Assassination: SarajevoThe Assassination: SarajevoThe Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: The Assassin:• Gavrilo Princip• “Young Bosnia”• “Black Hand”
• Gavrilo Princip• “Young Bosnia”• “Black Hand”
Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan
German Atrocities in BelgiumGerman Atrocities in BelgiumGerman Atrocities in BelgiumGerman Atrocities in Belgium
MobilizationMobilizationMobilizationMobilization
Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war
in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!
Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war
in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!
Recruitment PostersRecruitment PostersRecruitment PostersRecruitment Posters
A Young Australian RecruitA Young Australian RecruitA Young Australian RecruitA Young Australian Recruit
Recruits of the Recruits of the Central PowersCentral PowersRecruits of the Recruits of the Central PowersCentral Powers
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
A German Soldier A German Soldier Says Farewell to Says Farewell to
His MotherHis Mother
A German Soldier A German Soldier Says Farewell to Says Farewell to
His MotherHis Mother
New French RecruitsNew French RecruitsNew French RecruitsNew French Recruits
A “Young German Soldier”A “Young German Soldier”A “Young German Soldier”A “Young German Soldier”
Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar
EffortEffort
WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar
EffortEffort
Financing the WarFinancing the WarFinancing the WarFinancing the War
Munitions WorkersMunitions WorkersMunitions WorkersMunitions Workers
French Women Factory Workers
French Women Factory Workers
A Woman Ambulance DriverA Woman Ambulance DriverA Woman Ambulance DriverA Woman Ambulance Driver
Red Cross NursesRed Cross NursesRed Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses
SpiesSpiesSpiesSpies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
Russian Women SoldiersRussian Women SoldiersRussian Women SoldiersRussian Women Soldiers
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
Attrition” Attrition”
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
Attrition” Attrition”
A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
The Western FrontThe Western FrontThe Western FrontThe Western Front
Trench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench Warfare
Trench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench WarfareTrench Warfare
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
Verdun – February, 1916Verdun – February, 1916Verdun – February, 1916Verdun – February, 1916
German offensive.German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.Each side had 500,000 casualties.
German offensive.German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
TheTheEasternEastern
FrontFront
TheTheEasternEastern
FrontFront
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Turkish Cavalry in PalestineTurkish Cavalry in PalestineTurkish Cavalry in PalestineTurkish Cavalry in Palestine
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
TheThe“Colonial“Colonial
””FrontsFronts
TheThe“Colonial“Colonial
””FrontsFronts
Sikh British Soldiers in IndiaSikh British Soldiers in India
Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen
[German E. Africa]
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen
[German E. Africa]
Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Salonika, GreeceFighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
AmericAmericaa
JoinsJoinsthethe
AlliesAllies
AmericAmericaa
JoinsJoinsthethe
AlliesAllies
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Zimmerman TelegramThe Zimmerman Telegram
The YanksAre Coming!The Yanks
Are Coming!
Americans in the TrenchesAmericans in the Trenches
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres
U-BoatsU-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-BoatsAllied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The AirplaneThe Airplane
The Flying Aces of World War IThe Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
FlameThrowers
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchersGrenade
Launchers
Poison GasPoison Gas
Machine GunMachine Gun
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died
50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died
11 a.m., November 11, 191811 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
9,000,000 Dead9,000,000 Dead9,000,000 Dead9,000,000 Dead
The Somme American Cemetary, France
The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Deaths116,516 Americans Deaths116,516 Americans Deaths116,516 Americans Deaths
World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS