T & D PPT
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UNIT - III
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
CONTENTS:
1. Lecture method2. Conference leadership method3. Case method4. Role play5. Games & simulations
1.LECTURE METHOD:
A lecture is an oral presentation
intended to present information or
teach people about a particular subject.
TYPES OF LECTURE
A. Traditional oral essay
The teacher is an orator and the only speaker.
B. Participatory Lecture
begins with learners brainstorming ideas on
the lecture topic on what they have read in
preparation.
CONT..
C.Feedback Lecture
Consists with mini lectures with 10-minute small
group discussion
opportunity to manipulate the lecture content
D. Mediated Lecture
Use of media such as films, slides, Web-based
images along with traditional lecture.
ADVANTAGE OF LECTURE METHOD
Lectures can be an efficient means of
introducing learners a new topic.
It can be used to stimulate trainees’ interest in
a subject.
It can also be used to inspire people.
It is economical in terms of student time.
CONT..
The teacher serves as a role
model for the students
Lectures bring enjoyment to the learners.
It helps students develop their listening skills.
A great deal of information can be
communicated in a one hour lecture.
DISADVANTAGES OF THE LECTURE METHOD
Lecturing is not conducive to meeting students’
individual needs.
Lecturing brings with it the problem of limited
attention span on the part of the learners.
Based on incorrect assumptions about how people
learn
Does not actively involve trainees in training
process.
2.CONFERENCE METHOD
The conference training method is a good
problem-solving approach. A group considers
a specific problem or issue and they work to
reach agreement on statements or solutions.
TYPES OF CONFERENCE
Direct discussion
Here trainer guides the discussion in such a way that the
facts, principles or concepts are explained.
Training Conference:
The group pool its knowledge and past experience and
brings different points of view to bear on the problem.
Seminar Conference:
In this method instructor defines the problem, encourages
and ensures the full participation in the discussion.
ADVANTAGES
Continuous process of updating with the
latest methods, principles and
technologies.
Gives participants a chance to interact
with others.
Aims at improving co-operation and
communication of the group.
DISADVANTAGES
Closed room training.
No real hands on experience.
Used for the top management only.
3.CASE METHOD
Case Studies try to simulate decision making situation that
trainees may find at their work place. It reflects the situations
and complex problems faced by managers, staff, HR, CEO, etc.
The objective of the case study method is to get trainees to apply
known concepts and ideologies and ascertain new ones. The case
study method emphasize on approach to see a particular problem
rather than a solution. Their solutions are not as important as the
understanding of advantages and disadvantages.
CASE METHOD FOCUSES ON..
Case Study method focuses on:
Building decision making skills
Assessing and developing Knowledge, Skills and
Attitudes (KSAs)
Developing communication and interpersonal skills
Developing management skills
Developing procedural and strategic knowledge
PROS & CONS OF CASE METHOD:
Pros:
Develops analytic and problem solving skills.
Allows for exploration of solutions for complex
issues.
Allows student to apply new knowledge and
skills.
CONT..
Cons:
May not see relevance to own situation.
Insufficient information can lead to inappropriate
results.
Not appropriate for elementary level.
With a researcher observing the specimen closely,
the specimen is likely to change their behaviour.
4.ROLEPLAYS
Role play is a simulation in which each
participant is given a role to play. Trainees
are given with some information related to
description of the role, concerns, objectives,
responsibilities, motions, etc.
ROLE PLAY HELPS IN
Developing interpersonal skills
communication skills
Conflict Resolution
Group decision making
Developing insight into one sown behaviour its
impact on others
TYPES OF ROLE PLAYING GAMES
Single Role Play
One group of participants plays the role for the rest.
Providing demonstrations of situation other participants
observe the role play. Analyze their interactions with
one another and learn from the play
Example:
Choose your own adventure books
NPC Based video games
Multiple Role Play
All trainees are in groups, with each group
acting out the role play simultaneously. After
the role play each group analyze the
interaction and identifies the learning points.
5.GAMES AND SIMULATIONS
Games and Simulations are structured and
sometimes unstructured, that are usually played
for enjoyment sometimes are used for training
purposes as an educational tool. Training games
and simulations are different from work as they
are designed to reproduce or simulate events,
circumstances, processes that take place in
trainees’ job.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF GAMING:
ROLES
The roles define the actors and decision makers in gaming simulation.
SCENARIO
It is the basic description of the system or situation which is the subject of the
gaming.
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
It is a set of procedures, which are developed for monitoring and recording the status
of the system being explored in the gaming simulation.
GAMING SIMULATION TYPES:
1. GENERAL SYSTEM GAMES
2. GROUP INTERACTION GAMES
3. RESOURCE ALLOCATION GAMES
4. INFLUENCE AND POSER ALLOCATION GAMES
5. NON-SIMULATION GAMES
6. COMMUNICATING GAMES
7. PURE SIMULATION
WHY USE A GAMING SIMULATION???
Risk free environment
Less expensive and time reduction
Motivating learners, immediate feedback.
Provides a systematic method of exploring is used
through visualizing cause.
Perception of roles, problems and systems often seem
to be broadened as a result of gaming experiences.