BIM Show Live 2015: Single or Multiple Models

School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2015

Single or Multiple Models

Prof Arto Kiviniemi

School of Architecture


Information is exchanged as documents

- often even on paper - which causes non-value-

adding work, friction, data losses and errors

Traditional document-based process

Arto Kiviniemi – VERA programme 1997


Information is shared in an exploitable data format between different systems

Integrated BIM process

Arto Kiviniemi – VERA programme 1997

IAI

1999

Vision: an Integrated Project Model

Goal: Continuous maintenance of project data through to building management

Way: Building information rather than drawing data to integrate disciplines

SHARED

PROJECT

MODEL

With IFC

Structural

Engineer

Architect

Civil

Engineer

HVAC

Engineer

Building

Owner

Controls

Engineer Facilities

Manager

Constr.

Manager

Structural

Engineer

Architect

Civil

Engineer

HVAC

Engineer

Building

Owner

Controls

Engineer Facilities

Manager

Constr.

Manager

Now


Common (mis)conception of integrated BIM

Structural team

Construction team

Maintenance team

Architectural team

M&E team

Integrated BIM

Arto Kiviniemi – CIFE/Stanford University 2004


Integrated BIM

Shared data

Domain specific & integrated BIM

Structural BIM

Construction BIM

Maintenance BIM

Architectural BIM

M&E BIM

Arto Kiviniemi – CIFE/Stanford University 2004


Common databases and libraries

BIM linked to internal and external information

Structural BIM

Construction BIM

Maintenance BIM

Architectural BIM

Integrated project model

Shared data

M&E BIM

Internal databases and libraries Internal databases and libraries

Internal databases and libraries Internal databases and libraries Internal databases and libraries


What is a model?


What is a model? • A model represents reality for the given purpose; the model is an

abstraction of reality in the sense that it cannot represent all aspects of reality.

Jeff Rothenberg "AI, Simulation & Modeling” 1989

• Different domains (architectural design, structural and HVAC engineering, construction tasks, FM…) have different models because they perform different tasks.

• The shared models must cover (at least) the parts necessary for the desired purpose(s) and defining the content and representation in a homogeneous way is not a simple task.


Architects’ view of the building

Copyright © Vladimir Bazjanac / LBNL 2007


Thermal view of the building

Transformation between views is a necessity!

Copyright © Vladimir Bazjanac / LBNL 2007


Who makes the transformation?

• Authoring software producing specific views for each receiving application •Do the vendors know what is required for different purposes? •Are all thermal models similar? •Can the designer know what to export for each purpose?

or

• Authoring software producing one (or few) generic views •Receiving software makes the transformation based on its own

needs; known content. • Is all required information available in the exchange file or

should the receiving software allow additional input?


One of the challenges: Object ≠ Object • The relation between objects in different models is not one-to-

one • Multiple objects in the architectural model can be a single object in the

structural model, e.g. columns and shafts divided by floor • One object in architectural model can be multiple objects in structural and/or

production models, e.g. slab • How to create and maintain the links?

• Different ways of modelling in different domains; nominal vs. real measures

• Objects are not always easy to classify • How to handle this in the ontologies?

Wall

Roof

?


Correct understanding of the purpose of

model exchange/sharing is essential!


Round tripping between domains?

Structural BIM

Maintenance BIM

Construction BIM

Architectural BIM

MEP BIM


Round tripping inside one domain?

IFC

export

IFC

import Parametric model

–

working environment

Native BIM in propriatory format (Revit, ArchiCAD, Tekla, Vectorworks...)

Exchange model in IFC format

?

Static model

–

snapshot at

a point of time

Image courtesy Granlund


Integrated BIM

Shared data

Sharing information/data between domains

Structural BIM

Architectural BIM

MEP BIM

Construction BIM

Maintenance BIM

Data retrieval = reference information of other

models, never taking your own data back

Updates from the original models

BIM Show Live 2015: Single or Multiple Models

Design

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