Bell WorkFriday 3/14

Look in your book beginning on page 651

to find the answers• 1. Why were members of the Third Estates dissatisfied

with life under the Old Regime?

• 2. How did Louis XVI’s weak leadership contribute to the growing crisis in France?

• 3. How did the purpose of the meeting of the Third Estates-General change in 1789?

The French Revolution and Napoleon

Chapter 23

Section 1-The French Revolution Begins

The Old Order

• The Old Regime-The social and political system in France during the 1700’s– The people were

divided into three large classes called estates

The Old Order

• The First Estate-– Made up of members of the clergy of

the Roman Catholic Church

– Scorned Enlightenment Ideas

• The Second Estate-– Made up of rich Nobles who held the

highest offices in government

– Disagreed about Enlightenment ideas

The Old Order

• The Third Estate-– Included bourgeoisie,

urban lower class, and peasant farmers

– Had no power to influence government

– Resented the wealthy First and Second Estates

The Forces of Change

• Economic Troubles in France-– Taxes made it too hard for

merchants and businesses to make profit

– Factors including the rise in the cost of living, wide spread crop failures in the 1780’s, and the price of bread doubling made life in France hard

– Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette live extravagantly and piled up massive debt helping America fight England

Dawn of the Revolution

• The National Assembly-– The Third Estates delegates

were heavily influenced by the Enlightenment and eager to make changes in government

• Suggested that all three estates meet together and that each delegate should get a vote (giving them the advantage)

• The Third Estates became the National Assembly

– This action was the first deliberate act of revolution

Dawn of the Revolution

• Tennis Court Oath-The Third Estate broke in and promised to stay in the indoor tennis court until a new constitution was drafted

Dawn of the Revolution

• Storming the Bastille-– It took place on July 14th, 1789– Mobs stormed the prison after rumors emerged

that Louis was using military forces against the National Assembly

– Attackers killed the prison commander and several guards

• They put their heads on spikes in the streets

– This became the great symbolic act of revolution

• Bastille day is celebrated like our 4th of July

The Great Fear Sweeps France

• The Great Fear-– Peasants were afraid that the nobles had

hired outlaws to terrorize them• As a result the peasants went into the

homes of nobles with pitchforks and farm tools destroying the old legal papers that forced them to pay federal duties

– After the price of bread rose in Oct. 1789, peasant women rioted and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were forced to leave France

Bell WorkMonday 3/17

Look in your book beginning on page 656

to find the answers• 1. What major reform did the National Assembly

introduce? • 2. What did the divisions of the National

Assembly say about the differences in French Society?

• 3. How did the Reign of Terror come to an end?

SSR + Log Monday 3/17

Please sit quietly with your desks cleared and have your pencil/pen

ready for SSR

SSR + Log Monday 3/17

Please take two minutes to discuss our SSR article with your table mates.

When you receive your SSR One-Pager please read the directions and select and

circle five sentence stems to help complete the activity

Section 2-Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

The Assembly Reforms France

• The Rights of Man-– A set of revolutionary ideas

drafted by the National Assembly

• Said “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”

– Life, liberty, security, and resistance to oppression

– The document guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion

The Assembly Reforms France

• A State-Controlled Church-– Members of the National assembly

focused on reforming the church – Church lands were confiscated

saying church officials should be elected and paid by the state

• Catholic Church lost land and political independence

• The selling of church lands helped pay off France’s debt

Divisions Develop

• Legislative Assembly-– Legislative body who

had the power to create laws and approve or reject declarations of war

• The king could still enforce laws

Divisions Develop• Old issues caused the Legislative

Assembly to split into three factions – Radicals-

• Wanted massive gov. changes, opposed monarchy

– Moderates-• Wanted only some changes to gov.

– Conservatives-• Liked the idea of limited monarchy and

only wanted a few gov. changes

War and Execution

• France at War-– As usual the war begins badly for France– By summer of 1792 Prussian forces

were advancing on Paris– Aug 10th, 1792-

• 20,000 men stormed the Tuileries and captured Louie, Marie Antoinette and the kids

• Angry protesters raided the prisons and killed over 1,000 prisoners

War and Execution

• France at War-– National Convention-

• September 21st, 1792

• New government of France

– Disposed of the King

– Dissolved the National Assembly

– Made France a republic

– Adult males were given the right to vote and hold political office

War and Execution• Jacobins-

– Radical members of the political organization that brought sweeping changes into the French Government

– Jean-Paul Marat-• Jacobin writer who called for the deaths of

those who still supported the king

– Guillotine-• Quick and efficient way of beheading a

criminal– Louis XVI was executed this way

Terror Grips France

• Reign of Terror-– July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre

became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety and ruled like a dictator

• During this time nearly 40,000 citizens were killed

– Including George Danton and Marie Antoinette

– 85% were peasants

• Reign of Terror ended in July 1794 with Robespierre’s capture and execution

Bell WorkTuesday 3/18

Please take out your notes/study guide and with your elbow partner review all of the

information for our test covering Chapter 23 Sections 1 and 2.

Section 3-Napoleon Forges an Empire

Napoleon Seizes Power

• Napoleon Bonaparte-– Born in 1769 – Sent to military school at 9 years old– He became a lieutenant in the French

artillery at 16– Upon his return from Egypt he led a

coup d’ etat• When the council dissolved he named

himself dictator– His first goal was to restore order in France

Napoleon Rules France

• The Plebiscite-– A vote of the people that gave

Napoleon all real power

• Napoleon Supported– Changes from the revolution – Laws that would strengthen the

central gov. and achieve the goals of the revolution

Napoleon Rules France

• Napoleon also:– Set up an effective banking system– Tried to end to gov. corruption – Set up Lycees-Gov. ran public schools

• Students came from all backgrounds

• Relived jobs based on performance

• Napoleonic Code-A uniform set of laws that ended many injustices – Promoted order over individual rights

Napoleon Creates an Empire

• 1804-Napoleon crowned himself emperor – This symbolized his power over

the church

• Napoleon's Goals-– Wanted to control all of Europe

• Re-establish French dominance in the Americas

– He thought the key was the sugar producing colony of Saint Domingue

Napoleon Creates an Empire

• Loss of American Territories-– The people of Saint Domingue

led by Toussaint L’Ouverture demanded the same rights as French citizens

• Napoleon failed to overtake them

– 1803-Napoleon offers to sell the Louisiana Territory for $15 million

Napoleon Creates an Empire

• Napoleon was extremely successful in battle during the early part of his reign– Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden

joined forces against France but could not beat them

– His victories allowed him to build the largest empire since the Romans

• His only real challenge was Britain's navy

Napoleon Creates an Empire

• The Battle of Trafalgar-– The only major battle

Napoleon lost – This naval defeat had two

lasting effects:• It assured Britain naval

supremacy for the next 100 years

• Napoleon abandoned his plans of invading Britain

Napoleon Creates an Empire

• By 1812 the only countries in Europe not controlled by Napoleon were:– Britain, Portugal, Sweden

and the Ottoman Empire – His empire existed at it’s

greatest extent from 1807 to 1812

• Napoleon’s grand ambitions became his undoing

Bell WorkWednesday 3/19

Look in your book beginning on page 668

to find the answers

• 1. How did Great Britain combat Napoleon’s naval blockade?

• 2. Why did Napoleon have trouble defeating enemy forces in the Peninsular War?

• 3. How many member of France’s Grand Army returned from their attack on Moscow?

Section 4-Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes

• Napoleon’s desire for power became his greatest downfall– Napoleon made three

major mistakes in his quest to crush Britain and expand France

• The Continental System

• The Peninsular War

• The Invasion of Russia

Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes• The Continental System-

– Napoleon set up a blockade to prevent trade between Britain and Europe

• Two Goals:– Make continental Europe self-sufficient

– Destroy Britain’s commercial and industrial economy

– France’s blockade was weak• British ships made it to Europe• French and Neutral ships were stopped by Britain’s

blockade• U.S. frustrated and declared war on Britain (War of

1812)

Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes• The Peninsular War-

– In his attempt to get Portugal to accept the Continental system Napoleon sent troops through Spain

• Removed the Spanish king– The people worried he would weaken the

Catholic church

• Peasant fighters called guerrillas killed 300,000 of Napoleon’s men

– A growing sense of nationalism in European nations became a powerful weapon against Napoleon

Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes

• The Invasion of Russia-– Napoleon decided to invade Russia in 1812

• Russian czar refused to stop selling to Britain

– Scorched-earth policy-• Russia burned all the grain fields and killed all the live

stock in France’s path so there would be nothing to eat

– Russia and France met at the Battle of Borodino • The entire Russian campaign cost Napoleon’s Grand

Army 410,000 soldiers

Napoleon's Downfall

• Napoleon Suffers Defeat-– Britain, Russia, Prussia and

Sweden joined forces against Napoleon

– In April 1814 Napoleon accepted the terms of surrender and gave up his throne

• Napoleon was given a small pension and exiled to the island of Elba

Napoleon's Downfall • The Hundred Days-

• Napoleon's last bid for power

– Napoleon escaped from Elba on March 1st, 1815

• Crowds joyfully greeted him and helped him re-capture the French throne

– Waterloo-• June 18th, 1815–British and Persian forces

defended their ground and defeated Napoleon's forces

– Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena where he died 6 years later

Bell WorkFriday 3/21

Look in your book beginning on page 672

and begin reading to find the answers• 1. What were the three main points of Metternich’s plan

for Europe?

• 2. Why was the Congress of Vienna considered a success?

• 3. What was the long-term legacy of the Congress of Vienna?

Section 5-The Congress of Vienna

Metternich’s Plan for Europe

• The Congress of Vienna-– 8 month conference with

the goal of establishing a new European order consisting of collective security and sensibility for the whole continent

• The Five Great Powers-– Russia, Prussia, Austria,

Great Britain and France

Metternich’s Plan for Europe

• Klemens von Metternich-– Austrian foreign minister who

held three goals at the Congress of Vienna

• Surround France with strong countries to prevent further aggression

• Create a balance of power so no one would threaten each other

• Restore the royal families Napoleon removed

Metternich’s Plan for Europe

• The Containment of France-– Kingdom of the Netherlands was

established– German Confederation was created

out of 39 German states– Switzerland was recognized as an

independent nation – The Kingdom of Sardinia was

strengthened by the addition of Genoa

Metternich’s Plan for Europe

• Legitimacy-– Policy that restored as many rulers as

possible that Napoleon had removed to their thrones

• Ruling families of France, Spain, several states in Italy and Central Europe regained their thrones

• The Congress of Vienna marked the 1st time an entire continent came together to decide political affairs

Political Changes Beyond Vienna

• Conservative Europe-– The Holy Alliance-

• Agreement in which Russia, Austria, and Prussia would base their relations with other countries on Christian principals

– Concert of Europe-• An agreement between several

European nations that ensured they would help each other in the event a revolution occurred

Political Changes Beyond Vienna

• Revolutions in Latin America-– The Creoles (Spanish American colonists)

overthrew Spain's control in Mexico – Brazil declared their independence from

Portugal (Sept. 1822)

• Long –Term Legacy– France was weakened but Britain and

Prussia grew in power – Nationalism spread and led to new

revolutions

Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review

Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review

Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review

Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review

Exit Ticket Tuesday 3/26

Please answer the following questions a half sheet of loose leaf paper

• 1. Are there any areas of Chapter 23 Section 3-5 we reviewed today that are still confusing?

• 2. What kinds of things are you going to do to help improve your study habits for this quiz?