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Tracking development commitments through the UNECA-OECD Mutual
Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa
What lessons for tracking investments in AR4D?
GFAR Stakeholder WorkshopBerlin, 20 January 2012
Karim Hussein, Technical Advisor
Africa Partnership Forum Support Unit/OECD
www.africapartnershipforum.org
Background to the APF
• High level forum launched in 2003 following G8 Evian Summit to:
- broaden the dialogue between G8 and NEPAD, to include non-G8 development partners & international development agencies - catalyse action to support Africa’s development
• The APF meets twice a year to discuss:
- key policy issues for Africa in regional/global processes
- implementation of development commitments
• Supported by OECD-hosted Support Unit and NEPAD Agency
All APF documents available at: www.africapartnershipforum.org
UNECA/OECD Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa (MRDE)
• Joint UNECA / OECD Report – one of the main mutual accountability exercises in Africa, endorsed by African / NEPAD leaders
• First edition in 2006; 2010 Report launched at MDG Review Summit 2010
• Interim 2011 report prepared for African/G8 summits to complement self assessments on commitments and mutual accountability
• Latest: Main 2011 report launched last October
• Interim 2012 report, with new data, to be launched in May to feed into G8 / G20 and other regional and global policy processes
About the MRDE report
A key exercise in mutual accountability to ‘track’ actions and results against commitments, drawing on a range of sources,official data and policy analysis Four questions addressed:1. What commitments have been made by Africa and its partners?2. Have these been delivered?3. What have the results been?4. What are the key future priorities?
Four ‘clusters’ of topics:(i) Sustainable economic growth (incl. agriculture); (ii) Investing in people (incl. food security);(iii) Good governance; (iv) Financing for development (incl. domestic resources, ODA, FDI, external
debt, climate finance)
Types of data monitored in the MRDE
• GDP growth• Agricultural GDP growth compared to GDP growth – trends over time• ODA trends to Africa• ODA to Africa by sector• Public (national) revenues compared to ODA / DRM• Development finance to Africa• Evolution of numbers of undernourished• MDG implementation progress in Africa
Multiple official sources: OECD DAC & AEO / World Bank / IMF / FAO / UN / IFPRI / ReSAKSS…….
Investment in Agriculture and AR4D
•Key conclusion Agricultural growth improving in Africa, but below CAADP 6% target More effort needed on investment, policy reform and trade
• Continuing challenges- Agricultural growth slower than overall growth in recent years: production increases dependent on increase in land cultivated - Fertiliser use less than 10% world and less than 10% arable land irrigated - 60-80% of production by smallholders - but smallholder access to productive land under increasing pressure and access to technology / innovation limited - Africa’s share of global agricultural exports remains at 2%
• Pointing to key future priorities Africa: Accelerate CAADP implementation; continue to deepen regional integration; increase public and private investment in agricultural value chains; mainstream environmental sustainability and climate change; remove duties on inputs; increase market transparency and create a predictable policy framework to foster private investment, and secure smallholder access to land
Development partners: Deliver sustained assistance to African agriculture; promote responsible investment in line with G20 principles; increase African producer access to markets, reduce subsidies and remove barriers to trade at national, regional and global levels
Food Security
• Key conclusion:Food prices remain high and volatile. Need to scale up regional cooperation and safety nets •Continuing challengesVolatile global economic environment, increasing concerns on agriculture and food security
• Pointing to key future priorities Africa: Accelerate regional coordination on early warning; develop food security information systems, safety nets and emergency food reserves; develop market mechanisms to manage risks; increase investment in agricultural value chains and productivity; open markets to allow food to flow from surplus to deficit areas; improve technology generation, dissemination and innovation, particularly for smallholders and vulnerable groups; integrate climate change / variability into food security strategies
Development partners: Deliver AFSI commitments; seek a successful outcome to globalnegotiations on trade and climate change; remove production distorting subsidies and trade barriers; implement G20 recommendations on price volatility
• MRDE process: an example of a regular joint monitoring process of development commitments, delivery, results and identification of priorities. Some lessons to help develop a tracking system tailored to AR4D across regions
• Undertake tracking in consultation with key stakeholders and prepare regular updates - validates conclusions and helps ensure they inform policy / investment decisions • Develop a clear, simple common framework: start simple, improve with experience
• Analyse AR4D investment trends at global, regional, national levels + link between these
• Monitor major commitments on funding AR4D and comparable data from several (official) sources; investment impact review at national level needs diverse data and sources
• Complement official sources with academic, PS, and civil society information
• Identify key priorities for the future of AR4D – clearly linked to trackingand development effectiveness agenda
• Engage key actors, producers and users in the sector in data collection, results analysis and identification of research priorities (e.g. partnership, demand driven….)
Implications for tracking investment in AR4D