World War IIWorld War II

EOC EOC

a. Describe circumstances at home and abroad prior to U.S. involvement in World War II

b. Identify the significant military and political aspects of World War II

c. Analyze dimensions of the Holocaust and the Allies’ response to the Holocaust and war crimes

d. Evaluate the social, political, and economic impacts of World War II on the home front

e. Identify and evaluate the scientific and technological developments in America during and after World War II

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl_2XTQkHUg

After WWI…After WWI… In the U.S.:In the U.S.:

In Europe:In Europe:• Economic Problems – Great Depression • Threat of Communism

• Red Scare

• Economic Problems – Great Depression • Threat of Communism

• Red Scare

• Many nations not satisfied w/ “T of V”• France – treaty wasn’t harsh enough

on Germany• Italy – was on the winning side of the

war, so hoped to gain territory, but felt ignored

• Many nations not satisfied w/ “T of V”• France – treaty wasn’t harsh enough

on Germany• Italy – was on the winning side of the

war, so hoped to gain territory, but felt ignored

After WWI…After WWI…

• Germany (suffered the most)• Economy damaged…reparations• Gave up land, especially industrial

areas

• Germany (suffered the most)• Economy damaged…reparations• Gave up land, especially industrial

areas

Period of severe

inflation to the point German currency had little

to no value

• German people and army humiliated• Political upheaval

• Est. democratic system of gov’t = Weimar Republic = rather than communist/socialist

• German people and army humiliated• Political upheaval

• Est. democratic system of gov’t = Weimar Republic = rather than communist/socialist

• Proved to be too weak and unstable• Proved to be too weak and unstable

Dissatisfaction in Europe allowed for Dissatisfaction in Europe allowed for certain leaders – totalitarian – to certain leaders – totalitarian – to emerge in some countriesemerge in some countries

Totalitarian Governments:1.Control every aspect of life2.Use terror to suppress individual rights and to silence opposition

Joseph Stalin -USSRJoseph Stalin -USSR

• 2 GOALS -2 GOALS -• Increase foodIncrease food• Industrialization Industrialization

• COMMUNISM COMMUNISM • Used violence, i.e. “The Used violence, i.e. “The

Great Purge”Great Purge”• Developed the military Developed the military

to prepare the nation to prepare the nation for warfor war

• Banned labor laws and Banned labor laws and opposing political opposing political parties, and censored parties, and censored the pressthe press

• CommunismCommunism• VIDEO VIDEO

VIDEO

Fascism in Italy under Benito Fascism in Italy under Benito MussoliniMussolini

Felt Italy was “shortchanged” after WWI – Felt Italy was “shortchanged” after WWI – felt Italy was ignored in peace settlements felt Italy was ignored in peace settlements even though they were on the winning side even though they were on the winning side of the warof the war

This led to the organization of the This led to the organization of the

Fascist party in Italy.Fascist party in Italy.

Fascism –extreme nationalism where Fascism –extreme nationalism where state comes first and individual 2state comes first and individual 2ndnd

Benito Mussolini Benito Mussolini II II DUCEDUCE

• Public speaking to promote Public speaking to promote agendaagenda

• Blackshirt squad Blackshirt squad • Banned labor laws and Banned labor laws and

opposing political parties, opposing political parties, and censored the pressand censored the press

Il Duce” = “the leader”Il Duce” = “the leader” Relied on gangs of thugs to terrorizeRelied on gangs of thugs to terrorize

and suppress oppositionand suppress opposition

5 Actions of Mussolini5 Actions of Mussolini1.1. Suspended electionsSuspended elections

2.2. Outlawed all other political parties, Outlawed all other political parties, besides Fascismbesides Fascism

3.3. Established a dictatorshipEstablished a dictatorship

4.4. 1935 – invaded Ethiopia1935 – invaded Ethiopia

5.5. Alliance with Germany/Hitler, Alliance with Germany/Hitler, establishing the Axis powersestablishing the Axis powersAxis Powers

ItalyGermany

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

• Rise to power in early 1930Rise to power in early 1930• Nazi Party = National Nazi Party = National Socialist German Socialist German

Workers’ PartyWorkers’ Party• NAZISMNAZISM – form of fascism where – form of fascism where

German people were superior to German people were superior to others others

• Purify Germany by removing Purify Germany by removing other races, especially Jewsother races, especially Jews

Fascism in Germany under Fascism in Germany under Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Felt Germany was “shortchanged” after Felt Germany was “shortchanged” after WWI, especially the war reparationsWWI, especially the war reparations

Wrote Wrote Mein KampfMein Kampf = “My Struggle” = “My Struggle”

VideoVideo

Mein KampfMein Kampf Outlined the Nazi philosophyOutlined the Nazi philosophy Identified Germany’s problems, which included:Identified Germany’s problems, which included:

1.1. Germany had been weakened by certain groups, Germany had been weakened by certain groups, especially the Jewish populationespecially the Jewish population

2.2. high debt because of war reparationshigh debt because of war reparations

3.3. High unemployment and inflationHigh unemployment and inflation Hitler’s plans for GermanyHitler’s plans for Germany

1.1. Strengthen the military Strengthen the military

2.2. Expand its borders to include Germans living in other Expand its borders to include Germans living in other nationsnations

3.3. Purifying the Aryan race (blond, blue-eyed) by, basically Purifying the Aryan race (blond, blue-eyed) by, basically removing all othersremoving all others

5 Actions of Hitler5 Actions of Hitler1.1. March 1936 – invaded the Rhineland March 1936 – invaded the Rhineland

(western Germany along the borders of (western Germany along the borders of France and BelgiumFrance and Belgium

2.2. 1936 – Alliance with Italy/Mussolini, 1936 – Alliance with Italy/Mussolini, establishing the Axis powersestablishing the Axis powers

3.3. March 1938 – annexed AustriaMarch 1938 – annexed Austria

4.4. A few months later 1938 – demanded the A few months later 1938 – demanded the Sudetenland (eastern Czechoslovakia)Sudetenland (eastern Czechoslovakia)

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Hideki TojoHideki Tojo

Militarism in JAPANMilitarism in JAPAN 1930’s –growing 1930’s –growing

towards towards nationalism nationalism

1941 TOJO – Prime 1941 TOJO – Prime minister minister

Munich ConferenceMunich Conference Representatives from England, France, Germany, Representatives from England, France, Germany,

and Italy met in Munich, Germany to avoid warand Italy met in Munich, Germany to avoid war Britain and France followed Britain and France followed appeasementappeasement,, so so

they let Hitler have the Sudetenland, assuming they let Hitler have the Sudetenland, assuming he would not continue to annex/take/invade landshe would not continue to annex/take/invade lands

March 1939 – Hitler annexed the rest of March 1939 – Hitler annexed the rest of CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

Britain and France warned him of war if he Britain and France warned him of war if he continuedcontinued

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German Non-Aggression Pact German Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviet Unionwith the Soviet Union

August 1939 – Hitler signed a treaty (non-aggression pact) August 1939 – Hitler signed a treaty (non-aggression pact) with the Soviet Union so he wouldn’t have a threat from with the Soviet Union so he wouldn’t have a threat from the eastthe east

Publicly, the agreement said that neither country would Publicly, the agreement said that neither country would attack the other.attack the other.

The pact was meant to last ten years. It only lasted for The pact was meant to last ten years. It only lasted for two.two.

If the Germans invaded Poland, the USSR would not be If the Germans invaded Poland, the USSR would not be allowed to intervene.allowed to intervene.

Therefore, if Germany declared war against Western Therefore, if Germany declared war against Western Europe, the Soviets would not be allowed to enter the war.Europe, the Soviets would not be allowed to enter the war.

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