World War II
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Transcript of World War II
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WORLD WAR II
1939-1945
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HITLER’S LIGHTNING WAR Germany used “Blitzkrieg” – or lightening
warPlanes bombed airfields, factories, towns, etc.Then tanks and troops roared into the country Motorized high speed “keep enemy off balance
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Poland was conquered within a month Soviet forces took control of
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and part of Finland
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INVASION OF POLAND• Two days later Britain
& France declared war• So begins the phase of
the war called the “phony war”
• Coalition Forces wait at the “impenetrable defensive barrier” Maginot Line where all was quiet
• Why did the Allied forces not go on the offensive?
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http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/interactives/inside-wwii-interactiveMaginot Line
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EUROPEAN NATIONS CONTINUE TO FALL
April 1940, launched blitzkrieg against:
1) Norway2) Denmark3) Netherlands4) Belgium
Miracle of Dunkirk Germans pushed all
French/British troops to the coastline
British sent an improvised armada to rescue trapped soldiers in France
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FddKPGE19wA&feature=relmfu
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FRANCE FALLS TO AXIS POWERS
Germany heads toward Paris!Benito Mussolini of Italy put his Pact of Steel
with Hitler into action Italy declared war against France and Britain on
June 10June 22, 1940 – French surrendera new government formed by Marshal Philippe
Petain (France's hero of World War I) requested an armistice
France was divided into two zones, one under German military occupation and the other under Petain's government (south)
Petain’s government was Hitler’s “puppet”
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FRANCE (CONT.) Charles de Gaulle –
French general, set up a government in exile in London.Committed to re-
conquering France.Organized Free French
military who battled the Nazis until France was liberated in 1944.
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WWII TECHNOLOGY
Air power takes prominent roleLuftwaffe- German air forceParachute troops role increases
Tanks were much improved from WWI Deadlier bombs Radar – to detect planes Sonar – to detect submarines
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gi7mcJCOWp4
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OPERATION SEA LION Hitler now turned his attention to Britain, invasion (Operation Sea Lion) German planes
bombed Britain throughout the summer of 1940
including night raids on London and other industrial centers
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THE BATTLE OF BRITAINKnown as the “London Blitz”
8/12/1940 – air attacks on southern England Germans bombed London for 57 nights Considered a failure because British did not
quit Continued until May 10,1941 The Royal Air Force (RAF) eventually defeated
the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) Hitler turns his attention out of Britain onto
the Eastern Front
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Winston Churchill
Prime Minister who rallied Britain to fight against Nazi aggression
“voice of calm”
Britain began receiving crucial aid from the U.S. under the Lend-Lease Act, passed by Congress in early 1941.
Churchill rallies the Britishhttp://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/interactives/inside-wwii-interactive
What is Churchill’s prediction if they lose to the Nazi army?-End of the free world
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DAMAGES FROM THE LONDON BLITZ
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DAMAGES FROM THE LONDON BLITZ
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DAMAGES FROM THE LONDON BLITZ
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THE MEDITERRANEAN AND THE EASTERN FRONT Hitler’s goal: continue expanding
German property….East of the BalkansMediterranean SeaSOVIET UNION
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NORTH AFRICA Mussolini takes North Africa in
September of 1940 while the Battle of Britain was going on.
Attacked British controlled Egypt.Egypt’s Suez Canal = key to
reaching oil fields of the Middle East Britain strikes back in December and
by February 1941 Italy needs help…
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Hitler lends help to Mussolini Germans come in with the Afrika Korps
German expeditionary force in Libya and Tunisia
its first commander Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox”
Seize Tobruk= loss for the Allies
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THE NAZI EMPIRE CONTINUES TO GROWS
The Axis power grows..
Bulgaria Hungary Romania
Greece and Yugoslavia had pro-British governments
Resist Hitler Hitler invades them
These nations mostly devote resources and political alliance to the Nazis
• They deport Jews to Poland
• The employ secret police forces
• They become puppet governments
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OPERATION BARBAROSSA! 1941 go get the USSR!!! The Soviet Union was their allies…Why invade?
Plentiful Soviet resources! Stalin had the largest army in the world but it
wasn’t prepared!3 million Germans caught Stalin’s 5 million unprepared
Soviets retreatedUsed “torch-earth policy”
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German’s surrounded Leningrad Starved them USSR lost 2.5 million troops
Next moved towards Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union!Germans were halted by Russia’s cold weather
October 1941 Germany fails to take Moscow!
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AMERICA GETS INVOLVED End of Neutrality Acts Lend-Lease Act (1941)
Selling or lending of war materials to countries “Vital to US defense”
United States of America supplied Britain, Soviet Union, China, Free France, and other Allied nations
Atlantic Charter (Aug. 1941)FDR and Churchill agree on:
Free trade and the right of people to CHOOSE their government
“Final destruction of Nazi tyranny”
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JAPAN ATTACKS; PEARL HARBOR (DAY OF INFAMY)
America controlled Philippine Islands and Guam
Japan had successfully grabbed Manchuria, China and beyond…plans to take Southeast Asia
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/interactives/inside-wwii-interactive Japan invades
America sends aid to China 1940 FDR bans the sale of iron, steel and
airplanes to Japan
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Japan felt that the US was interfering in their plans to expand
12/7/1941 – Japan surprise attacks American fleet @ Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) 2,400 deaths
US declares war on Japan (12/8/1941) Germany, Italy declare war on US four days
later!
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Pearl Harbor
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U.S.S. ARIZONA MEMORIAL
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TOTAL WAR Factories stopped making cars &
refrigerators & made planes & tanks
Shoes and sugar were rationed Use of propaganda War ended unemployment of the
depression Japanese people in US and
Canada Lost their jobs and propertyForced into camps Seen as a security risk
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US PROPAGANDA ANTI - GERMAN
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US PROPAGANDA – ANTI - JAPANESE
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US PROPAGANDA ANTI - JAPANESE
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WAR BOND ADVERTISEMENTS
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“DO YOUR PART” CAMPAIGN
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NO ROOM FOR DEBATE