Unit 4. The Traditional Cell Theory (Thank you Mr. Microscope!) 1. All living things are made of one...
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Transcript of Unit 4. The Traditional Cell Theory (Thank you Mr. Microscope!) 1. All living things are made of one...
![Page 1: Unit 4. The Traditional Cell Theory (Thank you Mr. Microscope!) 1. All living things are made of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103122/56649d055503460f949d89aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 4
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The Traditional Cell Theory (Thank you Mr. Microscope!)1. All living things are made of
one or more cells.2. Cells are the basic units of
structure & function in organisms.
3. All cells arise from existing cells.
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Modern Cell Theory1. Energy flows within cells2. Cells have DNA that is passed
on to new cells during cell division
3. Cells of similar species are made of basically the same chemical compounds
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Organization of OrganismsUnicellular
Example - AmoebaMulticellular
Example – HumanCells Tissues Organs Systems Organism
Same processes needed for survival
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How big are cells?Limited by ratio of SA:V
Need large surface areaNeed small volume
Cells will divide or change shape to stay small!
Calculating surface area & volume of a cube
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But how small is small?Metric System
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But how small is small?http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/c
ells/scale
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Types of cellsProkaryote
Lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles like chloroplasts & mitochondria
Example – bacteriaEarth’s first & most abundant cells
Typically small
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Types of cellsEukaryote
Has a nucleus & other membrane-bound organelles
Example – plant or animal cellArose from prokaryotes
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Cell MembraneAKA Phospholipid bilayer
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Cell MembraneCharacteristics
Polar heads, non-polar tailsHydrophobic vs. hydrophilicFluid mosaic model – parts are not rigidly fixed in place
Flexibility b/c of polarity
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Crossing the Cell MembraneSEMI-PERMEABLE or SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
Some things can pass…But not everything.Protects cell from harmful substances but requires a lot more energy to function
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Crossing the Cell MembraneCell membrane proteins
Integral vs. peripheralChannelsReceptorsMarkers
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Type of Cells
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Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes have…DNACell membraneCytoplasmCytoskeletonRibosomes
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Organelles of EukaryotesNucleus
Nucleolus, nuclear envelope w/ pores
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Organelles of EukaryotesEndoplasmic Reticulum
Rough vs. smooth
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Organelles of EukaryotesGolgi Apparatus
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Organelles of EukaryotesLysosomes
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Organelles of EukaryotesMitochondria
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Organelles of Plant CellsChloroplastsCell WallCentral Vacuole
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So what about human cells?Humans are animalsWe have LOTS of different types of cells (muscle, nerve, bone, etc.) with different functions
Different cells have different functions because they have different numbers of organelles – cell specialization
Example – muscles have lots of ____
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Transport of SubstancesPassive vs. Active TransportVocabulary
Concentration gradient – difference in concentration across a space
Equilibrium – concentration is equal across a space;
Equilibrium is DYNAMIC, not static
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DiffusionMovement of a substance from high to low concentration until equilibrium is met
VIDEOCan be influenced by temperature
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Facilitated DiffusionStill high to low concentration but uses integral “carrier” protein and/or channel
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OsmosisMovement of water from high to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is met
Semi-permeable – only certain things can pass through
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Osmosis SituationsSo what would happen if I put a cell into a solution with a HIGHER solute concentration?
What about putting a salty red blood cell into pure water?
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Active TransportMovement of substances against concentration gradient from low to high concentration
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Endocytosis & ExocytosisLarge particles in & out of cell