Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two...

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Transcript of Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two...

Page 1: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.
Page 2: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

IntroductionIntroduction

• Cells are the basic units of organismsCells can only be observed under microscope

• Two basic types of cells:

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Page 3: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Plant CellPlant Cell

Made of cellulose forms Strong and rigidIn plant cells only

•Cell wall

Page 4: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm)Resist entry of excess water into the cellGive shape to the cell

•Cell wall

Plant CellPlant Cell

Page 5: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

A dead layer

Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibres

freely permeable

•Cell wall

Plant CellPlant Cell

Page 6: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Lies immediately against the cell wallMade of protein and lipid Selectively permeable

•Cell membrane

Plant CellPlant Cell

Page 7: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

A living layercontrols movement of materials into and out of the cell

•Cell membrane

Plant CellPlant Cell

Page 8: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membraneProvides a medium for chemical reactions

•Cytoplasm

Plant CellPlant Cell

Page 9: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Contains organelles and granules :

e.g. chloroplast e.g. mitochondrion

•Cytoplasm

Plant CellPlant Cell

Page 10: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

OrganellesOrganelles

very small size – can only be observed under electron microscope

has specific functions

in cytoplasm

Page 11: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Contain the green pigment chlorophyll

To trap light energy, to make food by photosynthesis

Plant CellPlant Cell

• Chloroplast

Page 12: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Contain starch grains (products of photosynthesis)

• Chloroplast

Plant CellPlant Cell

Page 13: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Rod shapeFor respiration

Plant CellPlant Cell•Mitochondrion

( mitochondria )

Page 14: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Active cells ( eg. sperms, liver cells) have more mitochondria

Plant CellPlant Cell•Mitochondrion

( mitochondria )

Page 15: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Starch granulesOil dropletsCrystals of insoluble wastes

Plant CellPlant Cell•Non-living

granules

Page 16: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

large central vacuoleSurrounded by tonoplastContains cell sap

•a solution of chemicals (sugars, proteins, mineral salts, wastes, pigments)

Plant CellPlant Cell•Vacuole

Page 17: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Control the normal activities of the cellBounded by a nuclear membraneContains thread-like chromosomes

Plant Cell

•Nucleus

Page 18: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes

•Chromosomes carry genesgenes control cell characteristics

•Nucleus

Plant CellPlant Cell

Page 19: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Different kinds of plant Different kinds of plant cellscells

Onion Epidermal Cells

Root Hair Cell

root hair

Guard Cells

Page 20: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

mitochondrion

nucleus

glycogen granule

cell membrane

cytoplasm

Animal cellAnimal cell• No cell wall

and chloroplast

• Stores glycogen granules and oil droplets in the cytoplasm

vacuole

Page 21: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Different kinds of animal Different kinds of animal cellscells

white blood cell

red blood cell

cheek cells

sperm

nerve cell

muscle cell

Amoeba

Paramecium

Page 22: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Similarities between plant Similarities between plant cells and animal cellscells and animal cells

Both have a cell membrane

Both have a nucleus

Both contain mitochondria

Page 23: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Differences between plant Differences between plant cells and animal cellscells and animal cells

Animal cells Plant cells

smaller in size

Irregular shape

No cell wall

larger in size

Regular shape

Cell wall present

Page 24: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Animal cells Plant cells

Vacuole small or absent

Glycogen granules as food store

Nucleus at the centre

Large central vacuole

Starch granules as food store

Nucleus near cell wall

Differences between plant Differences between plant cells and animal cellscells and animal cells

Page 25: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

MicroscopeMicroscope

• Instrument for observing small objects

Page 26: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Different parts of Different parts of a microscopea microscope

Page 27: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Eyepiece

Fine adjustmentArm

Stage

control knob

Base

Body tubeCourse adjustment

Iris diaphragm

Revolving nosepiece

Objective

ClipCondenser

Mirror

Page 28: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

The cell as the basic unit The cell as the basic unit of lifeof life

• Cell is the smallest unit of living organisms

• Unicellular organisms are made of one cell only

• The cells of multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functions

e.g. mesophyll cells for photosynthesis and root hair cells for water absorption

Page 29: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Levels of Biological Organization

•Atom Atom •MoleculeMolecule•Cell Cell •Tissue Tissue •Organ Organ •Organic systemOrganic system

Page 30: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

Cont.

•Organism Organism • Population Population • Community Community •Ecosystem Ecosystem • Biosphere Biosphere

Page 31: Introduction Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

The Structures of a Heart


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1 Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.

1 Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell.