ANIMAL AND PLANT THE CELL INTRODUCTION Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be...
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![Page 1: ANIMAL AND PLANT THE CELL INTRODUCTION Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Two basic types of cells: Animal.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032804/56649e575503460f94b5078d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ANIMAL AND PLANT
THE CELL
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
• Cells are the basic units of organisms
• Cells can only be observed under microscope
• Two basic types of cells:
Animal Cell Plant Cell
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PLANT CELLPLANT CELL
•Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibres• Strong and rigid• In plant cells only•Connected to cell membrane
•Cell wall
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– Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm)
– Resist entry of excess water into the cell
– Give shape to the cell (made of cellulose)
•Cell wall
PLANT CELLPLANT CELL
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–A dead layer
–Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibres
freely permeable
•Cell wall
PLANT CELLPLANT CELL
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– Lies immediately against the cell wall
– Made of protein (receptors, pores, enzymes) and lipid (double layer=water fearing) Selectively permeable (responsible for controlled entry/exit of substances
– Double layer of lipids with proteins for cell activity.
•Cell membrane
PLANT CELLPLANT CELL
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–Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
•To trap light energy, to make food by photosynthesis
PLANT CELLPLANT CELL
• Chloroplast
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–Contain starch grains (products of photosynthesis)
• Chloroplast
PLANT CELLPLANT CELL
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PLANT CELLS: PLANT CELLS: CHLOROPLAST
• Site for photosynthesis• Photosynthesis is
when sunlight, H2O, and CO2 are use to make glucose and oxygen• Chlorophyll is a green
pigment found here.• Chlorophyll collects
the sun’s energy.Chloroplast
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PLANT CELLS: PLANT CELLS: VACUOLE
• Membrane organelles that store substances.• Vacuoles move
substances in and/or out of the cell.• Movement in or out
of the cell is down by fusing with the cell membrane. Vacuole
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– large central vacuole– Surrounded by
tonoplast– Contains cell sap
•a solution of chemicals (sugars, proteins, mineral salts, wastes, pigments)
PLANT CELLPLANT CELL
•Vacuole
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–A living layer–Can control the
movement of materials into and out of the cell
•Cell membrane
CELLCELL
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–Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
–Provide a medium for chemical reactions to take place
•Cytoplasm
CELLCELL
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–Contains organelles and granules :•e.g. chloroplast •e.g. mitochondrion
•Cytoplasm
CELLCELL
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ORGANELLESORGANELLES
very small size – can only be observed under electron microscope
has specific functions
in cytoplasm
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–Starch granules–Oil droplets–Crystals of insoluble wastes
CELLCELL
•Non-living granules
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– Rod shape– Provide cell
with energy
through respiration– Powerhouse
of the cell
CELLCELL
•Mitochondrion( mitochondria )
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– Active cells ( eg. sperms, liver cells) have more mitochondria
CELLCELL
•Mitochondrion( mitochondria )
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CELLCELL
•Mitochondrion( mitochondria ) – Double membrane
bound organelle– Outer=smooth– Inner = twisted– On the cristae, sugar
combines with O2 to
form ATP (energy source).
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– Controls the normal activities of the cell and
all cell parts– Bounded by a
nuclear membrane– Contains thread-like chromosomes
CELLS
•Nucleus (the brain)
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–Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes•Chromosomes carry genes–genes control cell characteristics
•Nucleus
CELLSCELLS
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– Membrane bound– Communicates using
nuclear pores– DNA found here– Prominent structure are
the nucleotides
•Nucleus
CELLSCELLS
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CELLS: CELLS: GOLGI BODIES
• Single membrane-bound structure.• Packaging and
shipping of a cell.• Packages are fluid-
filled & called vesicles.• Vesicles transport
large molecules in cells.
Golgi bodies
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CELLS: CELLS: RIBOSOME
• Site of protein synthesis.• Read code found in RNA.• Assemble proteins cell’s need for growth and different functions.
Ribosome pic
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CELLS: CELLS: ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Connects outer nuclear membrane with the cell membrane.• Function as channels
within the cell.• Two types: Smooth and
Rough.• Smooth are for fat and
membrane protein production.• Rough have ribosomes
on its surface and synthesize other proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
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DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANT DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANT CELLSCELLS
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells
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mitochondrion
nucleus
glycogen granule
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ANIMAL CELLANIMAL CELL
• No cell wall or chloroplast
• Stores glycogen granules and oil droplets in the cytoplasm
vacuole
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DIFFERENT KINDS OF ANIMAL CELLSDIFFERENT KINDS OF ANIMAL CELLS
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium
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SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANT SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLSCELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria, ER, Gogli Apparatus, and ribosomes
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLSCELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS
Animal cells Plant cells
Relatively smaller in size
Irregular shape
No cell wall
Relatively larger in size
Regular shape
Cell wall present
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Animal cells Plant cells
Vacuole small or absent
Glycogen granules as food store
Nucleus at the centre
Large central vacuole
Starch granules as food store
Nucleus near cell wall
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLSCELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS
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Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole
Plant Cell
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
MUST KNOW VOCABULARY
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The The “projec“project”t”