Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell

• Microscope is an important tool.

• Cells are diverse (very different)

• Plants & Animals have EUKARYOTIC cells.

Microscope is an important tool• Light microscopes

(using lenses to bend light & magnify) led to discovery of Cell Theory. Can magnify up to 1000 times and can view living cells.

• Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) & Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) use electrons to produce images. Can magnify up to 1 million times but not view living organisms.

CELLS ARE DIVERSE

• Every Cell has a protective covering, the CELL MEMBRANE.

• CYTOPLASM is a gelatin-like fluid within the membrane where most of the cell work is done.

• EUKARYOTIC cells have a nucleus containing its genetic material. (most multicellular)

• PROKARYOTIC cells have its genetic material float throughout the cytoplasm with no nucleus. (most unicellular are prokaryotes)

• ORGANELLES are any part of a cell enclosed within its own membrane.

PLANTS & ANIMALS HAVE EUKARYOTIC CELLS

• Plant cells have CELL WALLS: tough, non-living covering outside of c.membrane

• CHLOROPLASTS: found in plant cells; captures sun’s energy to make sugar

• MITOCHONDRIA: in both plant & animal; use oxygen to release energy from food/sugar.

• ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: system of winding membranes outside of nucleus; used in making & transporting proteins & parts of cell membrane

PLANT & ANIMALS HAVE EUKARYOTIC CELLS

• RIBOSOMES: receives data from nucleus to build proteins to place in the E.R.

• VESICLES: small packages that break off of E.R. to transport material to Golgi apparatus.

• GOLGI APPARATUS: finishes processing materials made in the E.R.

• VACUOLES: store water, waste & food. Large in plants, smaller in animal cells.

• LYSOSOMES: small vacuole that holds digestive chemicals to break down materials in cell(food) or old cell parts.