THE MILITARY AND HOSPITALLER ORDER OF SAINT LAZARUS OF JERUSALEM

Grand Priory of AMERICA

1995

A SHORT HISTORY

by

ALAN WEAVER-HAZELTON, GCU

According to ancient tradition, the birthplace of the Order of Saint Lazarus was a leper hospital, constructed outside the walls of Jerusalem by the High Priest John Hyrcanus who ruled over the Jewish people between the years 135 and 105 B.C. Letters patent issued in 1343 by Jean Duke of Normandy, later King of France under the name Jean II le Bon, attest to the tradition that the Brotherhood was founded in the year 72 A.D.

Most historians agree with the affirmation by Pope Pius IV in his Bull "Inter Assiduas" that the Order existed in 369 A.D. during the papacy of Saint Damasus I, when Saint Basil the Great was Archbishop of Caesarea . It is this sainted Archbishop who is considered the legendary Father of the Order by virtue of his founding a large hospital for lepers near Caesarea.

Established since the fifth century at Acre and Constantinople, the Hospitallers of Saint Lazarus founded their principal hospital at Jerusalem in 530 A.D. Here they cared for and protected pilgrims to the Holy Places, and especially directed their efforts to the comfort and treatment of lepers. Their leprosarium or Lazar-House, was located outside the walls of the city near the postern of Saint Ladre, or Saint Lazarus, on what was believed to be the site of the ancient hospital founded by John Hyrcanus.

After the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders in 1098, leprous knights of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem, of the Temple, and of the Holy Sepulchre, and other sufferers of similar dread diseases, were placed under the care of the Hospitallers of Saint Lazarus. Because in most patients the disease progressed very slowly and because the hospitals required protection against the infidels as well as brigands and maraud­ing bands, it was inevitable that the warriors of Saint Lazarus should convert the Order into a Knightly militia, as well as a Hospitaller broth­erhood. For this reason the year 1098 A.D. has been considered the offi­cial birthdate of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem as a chivalric Order.

The Order was held in great esteem by the Christian Kings of Jerusalem, and by all those who came in touch with their work of char­ity and protection. Baldwin IV, the Leper King of Jerusalem, was espe­cially generous to the Order, but gifts of lands and kind were received from men and women of all ranks. So great was the military reputation of the leper knights that they were entrusted with the defense of the cas­tles of Kharbet el Zeitha and Madjel el Djemeriah. But wherever there was fighting between Christians and infidels, Knights of the Order ral­lied to the support of the Holy Cross. They considered themselves the "living dead," these "men who walked alone"; final death in the defense

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of the Faith held no terrors for them. So renowned was the Order and its work of mercy that after the fall

of Jerusalem in 1187, Saladin the Great took the hospital of the Order under his personal protection. The Moslem conqueror permitted the poor of the city who could not pay ransom to leave the walls of Jerusalem by the Gate of Saint Ladre and take refuge in the Hospital of the Order.

In 1191, during the peace between Saladin and the Crusaders, the Order established itself at the city of Saint Jean d'Acre, formerly known as Ptolemais. In this location, the Order secured sovereign rights over a portion of the city outside its walls. Its members built a fortress-hospice and a church called the Church of Saint Lazarus des Chevaliers. They were also granted Saint Lazarus' Tower and the Church of Saint Lawrence near Caesarea. The Pope and other temporal rulers recog­nized the Order of Saint Lazarus as a sovereign power.

With the renewal of the war between the Christians and the Moslems, the Order gained added laurels but at a sad price. After sustaining severe losses in many engagements, most of the leper knights of the Order were slain in the Battle of Gaza in 1244. Those of the Knights who were not present at that ill-fated Battle joined the Crusaders who remained to fight a forlorn hope. They accompanied Saint Louis of France in his Egyptian Crusade and took part in his expeditions into Syria during the years 1250 to 1254. When Saint Jean D'Acre finally fell to the Mohammedans in 1291, the existence of the Order in the Holy Land ceased.

Before the loss of their last stronghold in the Latin Kingdom, a group of Knights of the Order established themselves in Europe. They found­ed hospitals, country houses, preceptories or commanderies throughout the continent of Europe and in England. The most famous of these were the preceptories at Boigny granted the Order by King Louis VII of France, and at Capua in Italy.

r n 1489, Pope Innocent VIII attempted to amalgamate several Orders, including the Order of Saint Lazarus, the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, and others, into the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, also known as the Order of Malta. The Papal Bull to this effect could not be enforced owing to the sovereign tradition of these Orders. This action resulted, however, in splitting the Order into two major branches, that under the rule of the preceptory at Boigny and the other under the authority of the Priory at Capua.

The Priory at Capua had been founded in the year 1211 and Pope Le.o X granted it extraordinary privileges. From 1517 on, the leaders of this branch called themselves "Grand Master of the Order within the Kingdom of Sicily, and elsewhere." In 1572, Pope Gregory XIII ~~ited this branch in perpetuity with the House of Savoy. This Bull specifically excluded the Spanish branch of the Order, which remained under the

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control of the Spanish Crown. The reigning Duke of Savoy, Philibert III, hastened to fuse the Priory of Capua with the recently founded Savoyan Order of Saint Maurice, and thenceforth the title "Grand Master of the Order of Saint Maurice and Saint Lazarus" has been hereditary in the Ducal House of Savoy and the Royal House of Italy. This Order has been conferred by H.M. the King of Italy without restrictions of birth to both civilians and military.

It is with the senior branch, however, that we are concerned, the branch headquartered at Boigny in France. This jurisdiction had been founded in 1154 through a gift from King Louis VII to the first Knights of the Order to leave the Holy Land. After the final fall of Saint Jean d'Acre, its commanders were recognized as "Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, Upon and Beyond the Seas." The sovereign character of the Order was recognized by the Kings of France, and under their protection the Order continued to perform its sovereign functions.

In 1578, following the issuance of the Papal Bull of 1572, referred to above, Florentine Francois Salviati, Commander of Boigny and Grand Master of the Order, ruled that the action of Pope Gregory XIII, in sur­rendering the Priory of Capua and the Order in Italy to the House of Savoy, did not affect the Commandery and the Order in Boigny. This ruling was affirmed by King Henry IV of France on the 7th September 1604, when he declared himself by letters patent the Supreme Sovereign of the Order.

Other important branches gravitated around these two main jurisdic­tions. In England, the Master of the Hospital of Burton, founded in 1135, was Vicar-General of the Grand Magistracy of Boigny for England. The Spanish Knights of the Order came under the jurisdiction of the Grand Magistracy of Boigny. The Commander of the famous Convent of Seedorf, founded in Switzerland in 1134, bore the title of Master of Saint Lazarus. In Germany, the Commander of the Hospital of Saint Magdalene of Gotha was Provincial Commander; the Commander of Strigonia in Hungary was Vicar-General of the Grand Magistracy of Boigny for Hungary. From these examples, it is apparent that the principal European branches of the Order were grouped around the Grand Magistracy of Boigny. Thus Boigny assured the per­petuation of the sovereign existence of the Order.

In 1608, the Order was placed under a mutual Grand Magistracy with the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, which had been lately found­ed by King Henry IV of France. Neither Order was suppressed nor was there an amalgamation of the two; the privileges of the two Orders were the same; up to 1779, Knights were admitted simultaneously into the two Orders; they owed allegiance to a common Grand Master; neither Order lost its sovereign identity.

Under this Organization, the Order continued its existence up to the French Revolution. Both the military and hospitaller activities of the

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Order continued during this period. Members of the Order expanded their Lazarettes for the care of lepers, while their Confreres maintained a naval flotilla on active duty in the Mediterranean. The membership was recruited from the aristocracy of Europe; it was officially protected by the Kings of France although it was never a royal Order of France.

With the French Revolution, misfortune befell the Order. The decree of July 30, 1791, ordered the suppression of all royal and knightly Orders. Another decree, dated March of the following year, confiscated all its properties. The Order of Saint Lazarus seemed fated to disappear in the welter of blood brought on by the Revolution. The Order was saved for posterity by its Grand Master, H.R.H. the Count of Provence. Having escaped the reign of Terror, the Prince-Grand Master continued to fulfill the duties of his office from abroad. The creation of Hereditary Commanderies since the 17th century also insured the perpetuation of the Order, despite political fluctuations. In large measure, it has been due to these Hereditary Commanderies that the activities of the Order have continued to exist during periods of revolution and persecution.

Throughout his exile, the Count of Provence as Grand Master con­tinued to confer the Order of Saint Lazarus. During this period, H.I.M. the Emperor Paul of Russia and members of his family and staf~ we~e admitted into the Order. The King of Sweden was also honored m this fashion, and the Hereditary Commandery of Gothland was established.

With the fall of the First French Empire, H.R.H. the Count of Provence became King of France under the name of Louis XVIII. In accordance with tradition, established to insure the independence ofthe Order, His Majesty resigned the Grand Mastership. For a brief time, the office of Grand Master was vacant; a Council of Officers of the Order assumed its administration. Finally the Duke de Ia Chatre, Minister of State for King Louis XVIII, was elected Grand Master and undertook the reorganization of the Order. In view of this major contribution, the Duke de Ia Chatre can be considered the Father of the modern Order.

Following the Revolution of 1830, the Order lost the temp~ral P.ro­tection of the French government. In order to assure the contmuatiOn of their historic mission, the Knights turned their activities towards the Christian Near East, and placed themselves under the spiritual protec­tion of the Greek Melchite Patriarchs of Antioch, Alexandna, and Jerusalem. This spiritual protection ceased in 1930 when the Order regained the plenitude of its independence, thus permitting the re-establishment of the Grand Magistracy. .

In 1930, the Officers of the Order, drawn from the Hereditary Commanderies, asked H.R.H. Don Francisco de Borb6n y de la Torre, Duque de Sevilla, Grand Bailiff of the Order for Spain, to assume the governance of the Order, with the title of Lieutenant-General of the Grand Magistracy. His Royal Highness, a direct descendant of .the Kings of Spain and France, who had distinguishe~ him~~lf on the field of battle as the "Hero of Malaga" during the Spamsh Civil War, accept-

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ed the office. Through a Manifesto issued in April, 1931, he recalled to the Knights the traditional double mission of the Order: aid to lepers, and collaboration in the defense of the Faith and the Church. The Lieutenant-General worked energetically and successfully for the expansion of the Order, and this activity resulted in the restoration of the office of Grand Master.

In accordance with the Statutes and regulations of the Order, the Knights were asked to assemble in a General Chapter. This assembly was held on December 15, 1935, two days before the Feast of Saint Lazarus, at the Church of Our Lady of Missions at Epinay near Paris. Through a unanimous vote of the Knights present or represented, H.R.H. Don Francisco de Borb6n y de Ia Torre, Duque de Sevilla, was elected 44th Grand Master of the entire Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, Upon and Beyond the Seas.

In conformity with the Statutes, and with the consent of the newly elected Grand Master, the General Chapter appointed H.R.H. Don Francisco Enrique de Borb6n y Borb6n Coadjutor to the Grand Master. On the death of his father, Don Francisco Enrique was elected 45th Grand Master of the Order, and he in turn was followed by H.R.H. Charles Philippe de Bourbon-Orleans, Due d'Alencon, Vendome, et Nemours, First Prince of the Elood of France. The administrative head­quarters of the Order were transferred to the Island of Malta, and the Order expanded its organization and activities throughout the Christian world.

Following the death of the Due de Nemours in 1969 the Order of Saint Lazarus split into two factions, the Paris Obedience headed by Pierre de Cosse, the 12th Duke of Brissac, and the Malta Obedience headed eventually by Don Francisco Enrique de Borb6n y de Borb6n. The vast majority of the members were grieved by this development and were determined to heal this schism. In the summer of 1984 represen­tatives of the two Obediences met in Washington, D.C. under the patronage of their universally esteemed Spiritual Leader, His Beatitude Patriarch Maximos V Hakim. A Commission on Reunification was established with the unanimous votes of the Grand Magistral Council of the Malta Obedience in Washington and of the subsequent Chapter General of the Paris Obedience in Vienna. On the recommendation of this Commission, Patriarch Maximos V called a Chapter General of the entire membership in Oxford during September 1986. Ballots were dis­tributed to the heads of all jurisdictions in both Obediences, and Francois de Cosse, the Marquis de Brissac, was elected Grand Master of the united Order.

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ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE MILITARY

AND HOSPITALLER ORDER

OF SAINT LAZARUS OF JERUSALEM

As a Military and Hospitaller Order, the activities of the Order of Saint Lazarus have encompassed these two goals: firstly the establish­ment of leprosaria in the Holy Land and throughout Europe, and sec­ondly the esta~lishment of armed forces to protect these hospitals and to collaborate m the defense of the Holy Places of Palestine and other Christian objectives.

When the ravages of leprosy diminished, the military character of the Order increased. For example, during the 17th and 18th centuries the O~de: m~intained a .naval flotilla, which assisted in the protecti;n of sh1ppmg m the Mediterranean. With the security of the seas reestab­lished, the Order looked for a new field of endeavor and found it in assisting and caring for wounded officers of the French Army. In later years the foundation of the Hotel des Invalides and the creation of the military Order of Saint Louis with its pensions released the Order from this mission.

Faithful to the traditions of chivalry, the Knights of Saint Lazarus devoted themselves to the care and protection of the youth of France providing for their education and introduction into military life. In 1669: they founded a "Military and Naval School" at Montpellier. In 1677, they established a "Royal Naval Academy" in Paris, but in 1689, after the loss of valuable property, the Order was forced to reduce its contri­butions to this prestigious school.

With the founding of the Royal Military School by King Louis XV in 1751, the need for financial support from the Order for military educa­tion vanished. In the desire to continue this tradition, the Order placed at the disposal of the King its lesser cross of Saint Lazarus as a reward for outstanding cadets. The Order also presented annual scholarship to the three most brilliant "cadets-gentilhommes" of the Royal Military School at Paris.

By confiscating all properties of the Order, the French Revolution destroyed the financial basis of the Order. During the Restoration, the Order sought a restitution of its real properties, but without success. Under its modern organization, the Order has gathered and distributed offerings from its members and other benefactors for the relief of lep­ers throughout the world.

During the Spanish Revolution of the 1930's the Belgian Priory of the Order provided an ambulance train for the Armies of General Franco, and many prominent members of the Order of Saint Lazarus volun­teered their services and died in this fight for Christianity in Spain. At the beginning of World War II, the Order gave its patronage to The Anglo-American Ambulance Corps in France, where a number of ambulances carried the Green Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus.

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Many members of the Order joined the Corps Lazariste of the Group "Lord Denys" in the French resistance movement. Following the armistice between France and Germany, a number of Knights and Dames devoted themselves to the traditional work of mercy of the Order, giving succor to the wounded and assisting the civilian popula­tion and prisoners of war.

The Government of Spain has recognized the Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem and has supported financially its work of caring for wound­ed soldiers from the Civil War confined to hospitals and sanitaria. These war victims, as well as the lepers of Spain and her colonies, have been placed under the protection of the Order by the Spanish Government.

:roday, the v~r~ous ju:isdictions complement one another in the pur­SUit of the traditiOnal mms of the Order. In their charitable work they follow the example of the Grand Officers led by Lieutenant Colonel Gayre of Gayre and Nigg, the Grand Commander. During the past decade Colonel Gayre has bestowed upon the Order the new Grand Chancery, C~stell ta' Lanzun on the Island of Malta; the ancient Castle of Lochore 1~ s.cotla?d; the Church of Saint Vincent in Edinburgh; ap~rtment b~Ildmgs m Valletta, the capital city of Malta; and other maJor donatiOns. Some jurisdictions, such as Scotland and New Zealand, maintain Saint Lazarus Ambulance Corps manned by volun­teers who serve their communities without charge.

During the recent insurrection in Northern Ireland the Hereditary Commandery of Loch ore provided a brigade of 12 ambulances manned and maintained by volunteers from the Order of Saint Lazar~s. These ambulances, bearing the Green Cross of the ecumenic Christian Order were :V~lcomed ?Y both .religious factions. In this polarized atmospher~ of religious tensiOn and mtolerance, the volunteers of Saint Lazarus are respected a.s impartial missionaries of mercy. The courage of these 20th century kmghts emulates the traditional valor of the Order of Saint Lazarus through the ages.

Other jurisdictio~s pursue the traditional goal of the Order by their support of leprosan~ throughout the world. The Grand Priory of Spain supports leper hospitals and maintains child care centers for the chil­dren of lepers. A chain of missions on the Pacific islands receives the suppor~ of the Bailiwick of New Zealand. The Grand Priory of America has ~ss1sted leprosaria in the United States, Asia and Africa, as well as med1cal research in the Philippines.

In ?ther cou~tries our Order contributes gifts, drugs, and medical supplies. Followmg the devastating earthquake in Nicaragua in 1972 the ?ra.nd Priory of America forwarded more than $120,000 worth of med­Icat.JOns for the victims of this natural disaster. Another sizable contri­butiOn of drugs and medical supplies was flown to Guatemala after the earthquake in 1976. The destructive earthquake in Mexico in 1985 prompted larg~ co.ntributions of financial aid, medical supplies, equip­ment and medicatiOns for the relief of the homeless and injured. This

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relief program was supervised by His Eminence Ernesto Cardinal Corripio, GCU, the Primate of Mexico and a member of the Grand Priory of America. .

The Grand Bailiwick of Germany has sustained a massive relief pro­gram of medical, dental and hospital supplies on four continents. In Asia, the following countries have profited from their charitable contri­butions: Thailand, Pakistan, Nepal, and China; in Africa: Ethiopia, Tanzania, the Sudan and Somalia; in South America: The Argentine, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile and Colombia; and in the Middle East: Lebanon and the Holy Land.

During the recent crisis in Poland, the German Lazarus Hilfswerk uti­lized their truck and trailer combinations to deliver food, clothing and medical supplies to the needy. Over the past five years these contribu­tions exceeded forty million dollars.

The Grand Priory of Austria has also contributed substantially to relief in Poland, especially the establishment of a hospice in Nowa Huta, the first hospice in that country. The Grand Priory of England, the Grand Bailiwick of Ireland the Grand Priory in Canada also support geriatric care and the hospice program.

The Grand Priory of France, the Grand Priory in Canada, the Grand Bailiwick of Ireland, the Grand Priory of Switzerland the Grand Bailiwick of Denmark support leprosaria in Africa and in India. Both Ireland and Denmark work with the World Mercy Fund in their chari­table programs. The Bailiwick of New Zealand has been responsible for Saint Lazarus Village for Elderly People, which provides housing and care for needy people over 60 years of age.

The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem was formed by the crusaders to assure the Christian presence in th_e Holy Land and to minister to the needs of the pilgrims. Mindful of t~IS tradition, the Grand Priory of America has financed the Order of Samt Lazarus Health Center in the New Christian community in the suburb of Jerusalem. Support is also provided for the Infant Welfare Center in the Old City under the auspices of the Patriarchal Vicar of Jerusalem.

Thus after 9 centuries of service to mankind, the Military and Hospit~ller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem continues its pr~gram of service and dedication, in the tradition of t~e Crusades and m the imitation of Christ.

Hans von Leden, GCU, GCMU

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THE SPIRITUAL PROTECTOR

For the past 150 years the Patriarchs of the Melchite Catholic Church have served as the Spiritual Protectors of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.

His Beatitude Maximos V Hakim, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, of Jerusalem and Alexandria was educated at St. Anne's Seminary in Jerusalem and ordained to the priesthood on July 20, 1930. Four years later he was named President of the Patriarchal College in Cairo. On June 13, 1943 he was consecreated Metropolitan of Akka, Nazareth, Haifa and All Gallilee. He ruled his diocese with care and love for more than a quarter of a century under the most difficult and trying circum­stances.

After the death of Cardinal Patriarch Maximos IV Sayegh in 1967, the Holy Synod of the Greek Melchite Church elected him to the Patriarchal throne on the first ballot and he took the name of his beloved predecessor. Maximos V divides his time between his official residences in Beirut and Damascus, with an annual sojourn among the faithful in Cairo.

In 1980 His Holiness Pope John Paul II welcomed the Patriarch to the Vatican on the occasion of his priestly Golden Jubilee and joyous cele­brations followed throughout Egypt and the Mideast. As the head of one of the oldest Byzantine rites in communion with the Latin Church in Rome Maximos V has been one of the leaders for Christian ecu­menism.

As the Spiritual Protector of our Order, His Beatitude presided at the first joint North American conference in Quebec where he repeatedly called for brotherly love and unity in the Order of Saint Lazarus and in the Christian Church. During his subsequent pastoral tours of the United States, the Patriarch has visited all subjurisdictions of the Grand Priory of America and our members have been captivated by the spiri­tuality of this charismatic leader.

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THE ORDER OF SAINT LAZARUS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem was introduced to the United States of America in the 1930's by the Marquis George MacDonald, Lord Douglas Hamilton, the Baron Waldemar de Barkow, and other noblemen who had transferred their domiciles to the New World.

The traditions and goals of the Order appealed to religious and cul­tural leaders throughout the United States, and an early membership roster included the 4 current Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church: Archbishop Hayes of New York, Archbishop Mundelein of Chicago, Archbishop Dougherty of Philadelphia, and Archbishop O'Connell of Boston. Other distinguished Americans, such as Francis Cardinal Spellman of New York and Dr. Rufus von Klein-Smid of Los Angeles followed this illustrious trend; however, the problems of World War II and the administrative difficulties of the American jurisdictions within the English Tongue discouraged further expansion. . .

With the establishment of an independent Grand Pnory of Amenca on January 1, 1971, under the leadership of Colonel Harrison Williams Gill of Tennessee, a new opportunity was created. For administrative purposes the territory of the United States was subdivided into 4 sub­jurisdictions: Eastern, Central, Southern and Western. T?e :vestern subjurisdiction was organized in 1971, the Central DelegatiO? m 1972, the Eastern Delegation in 1973, and the Southern DelegatiOn at the beginning of the year 1976.

By 1974, the Western Delegation had achieved sufficie~t status to merit its promotion to the Commandery of the West, and !n 1977 the Eastern Delegation became the Commandery of the Atlantic. Both the Midwestern Delegation and the Southern Delegation were promoted to Commanderies in 1978. By 1979, the Commandery of the South had reached the coveted status of a Grand Commandery. In the same year a new Delegation was organized in the State of Texas which celebrated its advancement to a Commandery in 1982, and to the Grand Commandery of Texas in 1986. A new subjurisdiction, the Lieutenancy of Georgia, was created in 1985.

At the request of the Grand Chancery, t~e Gran~ Priory of ~erica expanded its activities to some of the Lat1~ Am~ncan ~ountnes, a~d small detachments of Lazarites were estabhshed m Mex1co, Colombia and Venezuela. The Mexican contingent has grown steadily in mem~er­ship and charitable pursuits. Headed by D?n Pedro ~drade Prad1~lo, this distinguished group counts the Cardmal Archb1shop of Mex1co among its august membership. Because of their close pe~sonal attach­ments, the delegation in Mexico has elected to remam m t_he Grand Priory of America. Under the leadership of Don Jorge Garc1a Gomez, then Minister of Health, the Colombian delegation was elevated to a

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Priory in 1983. Our Colombian confreres have maintained a ~los~ asso­ciation with the Grand Priory of America; they have been active m pro­viding aid to the large number of patients with Hansen's disease in their country. .

Major General Patrick J. Ryan, USA .(Ret.), former Ch1ef. of Chaplains of the United States Army in Washmgton, D.C., was appom.t­ed Grand Prior in the spring of 1971, and shortly thereafter Colonel Glll succumbed to a chronic illness. General Ryan was appointed President of the Supreme Council of the Order of Saint La~arus early in 1978, a?d the Grand Bailiff, Dr. Hans von Leden, was des1gnated to succeed h1m as Grand Prior of America; later in the same year, General Ryan died suddenly and was buried with full military honors. In 1972 the American Association of the Order of Saint Lazarus was incorporated as the char­itable arm of the Order in the United States; donations to this organi­zation have been ruled tax exempt by the Internal Revenue Service, and by the States of California, New York, Illinois, Louisiana, !e~as,.Florida, Georgia, the District of Columbia, etc. The names and ms1g~1a of the Order have been registered with the United States Patent Off1ce.

The inspiring oratory of Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen at the initial investitures of the American Grand Priory provided the spiritual back­ground for an elite of Christian soldiers dedicated to the service of God and their fellow men. The enthusiasm for the traditional goals of the Order was augmented further in November, 1973 by the first visitation to the Western Hemisphere of a reigning Grand Master. The personal counsel and example of H.R.H. Prince Francisco Enrique de Borb6n y Borb6n, our 47th Grand Master, and H.E. Lieutenant Colonel Gayre of Gayre and Nigg, the Grand Commander, provided direction and stimu­lation for the development of our Grand Priory.

During the Bicentennial of the United States, the Grand Priory of America honored Captain John Paul Jones, USN, posthumously with Knighthood in the Order. This recognition was originally proposed by King Louis XVI of France after the battle off Flamborough Head, but at the time the Statutes of the Order limited membership to practicing Roman Catholics. The official Investiture was performed in the crypt at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland on October 18, 1976 by the Grand Commander in the presence of senior represen­tatives of the United States Navy and the Order of Saint Lazarus. In July, 1980 the Order of Saint Lazarus participated in the Rochambeau Commemoration to spotlight an event which signalled the beginning of the end of the War of Independence. Our Order joined the city of Newport and the state of Rhode Island in celebrating the landing of 5,000 disciplined regular French soldiers under the command of the Comte de Rochambeau, one of whose three senior generals, the Vicomte de Chastellux, was a Knight of the Order of Saint Lazarus.

In 1981 the Grand Priory of America joined the Grand Priory of Canada in arranging the first Joint North American Convocation of the

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Order of Saint Lazarus. This highly successful meeting was conducted in the historic city of Quebec, under the guidance of His Beatitude Patriarch Maximos V Hakim of Antioch and All the East, of Jerusalem and Alexandria, Senior Spiritual Grand Prior of the Order. With some 400 active participants, the Joint North American convocation was the largest and most enthusiastic meeting in the Western hemisphere. Following this historic event, the Grand Priory of America was privi­leged to play host to our Spiritual leader during his travels acro:.;s the American continent.

In 1984 the members of the Grand Priory of America were privileged to host the Grand Magistral Council of the Order of Saint Lazarus in Washington, D.C. This meeting was attended by representatives from all major jurisdictions of the Order and attracted the largest participation of any Grand Magistral Council in the history of our Order. Under the guidance of Patriarch Maximos V Hakim this meeting promoted the brotherhood of all Lazarites throughout the world. The deliberations resulted in a unanimous vote to establish a commission on unity under the aegis of our Spiritual Leader. The Declaration of Washington became synonymous with the spirit of Christian chivalry and brotherly love in the 20th century.

The careful and selective expansion of membership throughout the Grand Priory of America was accompanied by a proliferation of chari­table activities in the traditional spheres of our Order:

1. LEPROSY. The battle against this dread disease has been intensi­fied with the donation of equipment and drugs for the United States Leprosarium in Carville, Louisiana, with the support of medical research via the American Leprosy Foundation, and with aid to the American Leprosy Missions, Saint Lazarus Village in South Korea, Mother Teresa in India, and leper hospitals in The Philippines, Africa, and Central America. In 1980 the Atlantic Commandery conducted at Tufts University in Boston an International Symposium on Leprosy which reviewed the historical involvement of the Order and detailed the present status of Hansen's disease. In recent years, the Atlantic Commandery has conducted an annual Benefit for the American Leprosy Foundation and its research program in the Philippines. In cooper­ation with the firm CIBA-GEIGY of Switzerland the Grand Priory of America is supporting a new program for the treatment of lep­rosy in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil.

2. WAR AND NATURAL DISASTERS. The victims of the cata­strophic earthquake in Managua, Nicaragua, in 1972, were sup­ported with drugs and medical supplies valued at more than $120,000. Similar efforts were initiated to alleviate the suffering in the wake of the subsequent catastrophe in Guatemala. The devas­tating earthquake in Mexico during 1985 prompted the delivery of an x-ray unit, several large shipments of medications and supplies,

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and substantial financial aid for the homeless under the personal supervision of the Cardinal Archbishop. Four field ambulances and necessary suplies were dispatched to aid our volunteers in Northern Ireland during the insurrection in that hapless country. In the United States, we have supported the National Smoke, Fire and Burn Institute, which seeks to prevent such disasters.

3. CHRISTIAN UNITY. As one of the oldest, if not the oldest ecu­menic Order of Chivalry, we are especially interested in the cru­sade for Christian unity. The American Grand Priory has support­ed major religious celebrations in the United States, including the Holy Year observances of the Roman Catholic Church and the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Right Reverend Robert Burton Gooden, Suffragen Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles. In 1977 the Grand Priory of America sponsored an ecu­menic pilgrimage to the Holy Land, under the direction of Father Godfrey of Jerusalem, one of the contemporary authorities on the life of Christ. In 1979, the Commandery of the South joined with Tulane University to present a seminar on "The Moral Crises in Health Care Services Today." For several years the Grand Commandery of the South has played a prominent role in the cel­ebration of Christian Unity Week in New Orleans.

4. GERIATRICS. In 1976 the Grand Priory of America joined Tufts University at Boston in sponsoring a major international confer­ence on the theme "The Aged-The Lepers of Today" to highlight the problems of isolation and neglect of our senior citizens. A sec­ond international conference on the same topic was arranged in Washington, D.C. in 1977, in cooperation with Georgetown University. A third annual interdisciplinary conference on pro­grams for the aging was held at Tufts University in Boston in 1978. Also in 1978 the Atlantic Commandery presented a conference on "The Aged-Helping by Understanding" with the Newport ~ollege-Salve Regina in Newport, R.I. At these meetings, authori­ties from different disciplines and different countries stressed the need for better communication and coordination between various g.overnment agencies, the scientific community, private founda­tions and society, in the solution of this ever increasing challenge.

5. CHf!RCH IN SILENCE. In response to the Easter message of His Hohness, Pope Paul the Vlth, we have directed our efforts to help th~ C:hurch in Silence, Christians who are not able to practice their ~ehg10n beca.use of poverty, disease, ignorance or national policy, m the Amencas, Africa, Asia and the countries behind the Iron Curtain. Funds for the relief of our oppressed Christian brothers have been funneled through the Catholic Society for the P~op~gation of the Faith, and through comparable Protestant orga­mzatwns.

6. THE HOLY LAND. The recent plight of the Christian community

13

in the Holy Land has caused concern among the leaders of the major Christian denominations. While the Israelis receive financial aid from the United States of America and Jewish communities throughout the world, and while the Moslems are supported by the oil-rich Arab countries, our Christian brothers often lack the basic necessities of housing, medical care, and education. With the guid­ance of our Spiritual Protector we have launched an effort to stem the flight of our Christian brothers from Jerusalem and the Holy Land and to maintain a significant Christian presence in the land of Christ's birth. With this goal in mind the Grand Priory of America has funded the construction of the Order of Saint Lazarus Health Center in Beit Hanina, a Christian suburb of Jerusalem; we have continued to underwrite their annual deficit. At the request of the Patriarchal Vicar of Jerusalem, we have supported the renowned Infant Welfare Center in the Old City, whose 300-year­old domicile was in desperate need of repair and renovation. During the recent disturbances in the Holy Land we have provided continued support for this Center which dispenses essential med­ical and educational services for needy children and their mothers.

In this cynical modern world, the members of the American Grand Priory of the Order of Saint Lazarus are proud to affirm the traditions of Christian Chivalry-personal honor and integrity, dedication to our Christian faith, and service to our fellow men!

Hans von Leden, GCU, GCMU, MD Grand Prior

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NATIONAL SHRINE OF THE ORDER OF SAINT LAZARUS OF JERUSALEM

On the 29th of November, 1980 the members of the Grand Priory of America assembled in the city of New Orleans at the old Ursuline Convent, which forms the core of the Archbishop Antoine Blanc Memorial. This ancient convent, located in the heart of the French Quarter, was the site for the dedication of the National Shrine of the Order of Saint Lazarus in the United States of America.

The Archbishop Antoine Blanc Memorial was named after the first Archbishop of New Orleans, under whose administration the comp~ex assumed its present form. The old convent was erected for the Ursuline nuns in 1745 by King Louis XV of France who was also the Royal Protector of the Order of Saint Lazarus. This historic structure was the first building in the Mississippi Valley.

The Ursuline nuns staffed the Royal Hospital, the first hospital in the vast Louisiana Territory which stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Appalachians to the Rocky Mountains. In this same facility were established the first convent in what is now the terri­tor)' of the United States, the first day nursery, the first orphanage, and the first institution of Catholic Charities.

When the Ursulines moved to a new location in 1924, the convent became the home for the Bishops and Archbishops of New Orleans; it also served as meeting place for the Louisiana legislature. The convent now houses the archives of the Archdiocese.

Adjoining the convent in the Archbishop Antoine Blanc Memorial is Our Lady of Victory Church which was erected in 1845 as the chapel of the Archbishops of New Orleans. In recent years this church was restored to its original splendor; it serves as a house of worship for the convenience of neighbors and tourists. Connecting Our Lady of Victory Church with the convent is the former private chapel of the Ursuline nuns which now forms the National Shrine of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.

This small, intimate chapel, which is steeped in tradition, was select­ed by the Grand Commandery of the South with the cooperation of H.E. Archbishop Philip Matthew Hannan of New Orleans and Monsignor Earl C. Woods, the Chancellor of the Archdiocese and the Rector of Our Lady of Victory Church. The site had been recommend­ed by the late Charles Reed Gresham, well known architect and founder of the Southern jurisdiction. The National Shrine renews the ancient bonds of the Ursuline Convent with the founding patron and symbolizes the importance of the Order in the United States.

A committee of religious and lay members was chosen to draw up the plans for the interior of the chapel. On their recommendation, the offi­cers of the Southern Grand Commandery commissioned Mr. Charles H. Reinike III, a well-known sculptor, to create a bas relief panel of the

15

inspiring moment when Jesus raised Lazarus from t~e dead. This ~culp­ture provides the focus for the chapel and symbolizes Jesus callmg us from the dead works of the past into the life of Grace. The main panel alone was seven months in the design, and the 7 by 9 foot casting took a small army of workers to install.

T n front of this sculpture stands a small altar with a base in the shape of a shell; this symbolism recalls the Faith of the Ch:istian as the pe~rl of great price. In addition, the Pilgrim's Shell was given to devout pil­grims to the Holy Land, and is in fact still awarded to this very day by the Order of Saint Lazarus for such pilgrimages.

The walls of the chapel are lined with shadow boxes of the coats-of­arms of the Grand Priory of America and its jurisdictions, repeating the bas relief technic of the Saint Lazarus sculpture. Between these shadow boxes are stationed the colors of the United States of America, the ban­ner of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, and the flags of the American jurisdictions.

The attractive wrought iron doors separating the small chapel from the church of Our Lady of Victory are emblazoned with the distinctive green cross of Saint Lazarus and a series of ~elicate small gold s?~lls. Thus the new National Shrine symbolizes the Importance of the spmtu­al and religious works of the Order.

The Inauguration of the National Shrine was preceded by a Solemn Investiture in Our Lady of Victory Church, which displays the flags of our Order and its Jurisdictions in the tradition of the ancient European cathedrals. H.E. Archbishop Philip M. Hannan of New Orleans, and H.R.H. Prince Francisco Enrique de Borb6n y de Borb6n, 47th Grand Master of the Order of Saint Lazarus, presided at the ceremonies. Monsignor Earl C. Woods welcomed the assembled dignitaries which included representatives of the major Christian faiths, leaders ~~ the Order from different countries and chaplains, members and affiliates from all parts of the United States. .

During the Inauguration the following prayers were recited:

PRAYER FOR THE BLESSING OF THE SHRINE

Let us pray: . Father of our Lord, Jesus Christ, you sent yo_ur S~n c~to the world _to

make all things new. Tonight, we come to bless thcs shnne en honor o( Samt Lazarus, Jesus' special friend, and dedicated preacher of the Word en sea­son and out.

Bless this shrine that it may become a fruitful place of meditation. Ma~ the spirit of Lazarus' sisters, Martha and Mary, qlw_ays be with ~s. Let thecr spirit of work and prayer illumine our lives and bnng all of us mto !!'"eater dedication of worship of our Lord Jesus Christ. He alone has promcsed us immortality and everlasting life.

Let this shrine and all who worship here and celebrate become refreshed in mind and spirit.

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This we ask in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Amen.

PRAYER FOR THE BLESSING OF THE ALTAR

Father bless this altar and let all who celebrate the liturgy of the Word made flesh, renew themselves and all of those who will be fed by the bread of life at this spot.

May the pearl of great price forever be a reminder that our Faith is the foundation of the new creation and the hope of the world.

Bless this altar in the name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, Amen.

The Blessing of the Shrine concluded the impressive ceremonies. Archbishop Hannan greeted each member of the congregation as they filed through the chapel, signed the guest book and admired the mar­velously subtle decor of the chapel and the magnificent bas relief of the risen Saint Lazarus.

Val Ambrose Mcinnes, OP, EGCU, CMU, PhD Prelate of the Grand Priory of America

LAZARUS HOUSE-HOUSTON, TEXAS

On 16 February 1990, the Grand Commandery of Texas inaugurated Lazarus House-Parent Education Center in Houston, Texas. Lazarus House creates a permanent local activity which serves the community, while affording an opportunity for members of the Texas Grand Commandery and their spouses to volunteer their time and talent to a worthy local cause.

The Texas Grand Commandery undertook the project in 1987. A Steering Committee of members of the Order guided the project through the funding, design, construction and furnishing of the center, turning Lazarus House, now a complete functional building, over to the Houston School for Deaf Children at the inauguration. Local donations of material and labor from over 50 companies enabled the project to be completed at well below budget. In addition an endowment fund pro­vides maintenance indefinitely to the Parent Education Center.

Lazarus House provides a "home setting" where parents of hearing impaired children can be taught to enhance their children's acquisition of language, while engaging in everyday activities. The staff of the Houston School for Deaf Children administers the instructional pro­grams at Lazarus House, with the help of volunteers of the Order.

Lazarus House is a customized 2200 sq. ft. facility located on the cam­pus of the Houston School for Deaf Children, complete with living room, bedroom, dining room, den, kitchen and bath for instruction, and a reception area, offices and an observation hall for the teaching staff and volunteers.

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Bishop Enrique San Pedro, SChU, blessed the Lazarus _House and the work done there. Grand Prior, Hans von Leden, prestded at the inauguration and awards dinner and he con.gratul~~ed the ~exas Grand Commandery for the initiative and success m creatmg the ftrst Lazarus House in the United States.

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REGULATIONS FOR THE DESIGN AND WEAR OF THE UNIFORMS OF

THE ORDER OF ST. LAZARUS IN THE GRAND PRIORY OF AMERICA

The following Uniforms of the Order of Saint Lazarus are authorized to be worn at official functions of the Grand Priory of America. The Cape of the Order is the distinctive attribute of all members of the Order, whatever their attire. The use of the Cape, or Mantle, and the appropriate Insignia, is mandatory at all ceremonies. The purchase of all other accoutrements is optional, for the Officers of the American Grand Priory wish to emphasize that the primary thrust of our Order is the realization of our religious and charitable goals.

1. The Cape.

The Cape is of black material, lined with green satin, having a green velvet, gold edged Badge of the Order on the left side, and a green vel­vet collar. It is buttoned under the collar with two gilded buttons, each decorated with the Badge of the Order and a gilded chain or black cord linking them.

Dress Uniform

No insignia, ribbon, sash or star may be worn on the Cape, unless expressly authorized by the Grand Master.

The length of the Cape is 'three quarter length.' White gloves may be worn with the Cape.

2. The Uniform.

The uniform of the Order consists of a white double breasted tunic, closed by two rows of three buttons of gilded metal showing the Badge of the Order. It has a green velvet collar, facings and cuffs. The cuffs are 8 em wide, with three small buttons of gilded metal showing the Badge of the Order on each cuff.

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The belt is an integral part of the uniform. It must be of dark ~reen, or black leather fastened with a gilded metal buckle, decorated With the Badge of the O~der. The belt is w?rn only with th~ tunic. A sword may be worn with the tunic. When so, It must be a straight dress swor~, and not a saber. Members may wear either dress swords handed down m the family or swords decorated with the Badge of the Order on the hilt.

Black trousers (Tuxedo trousers) are wor~ with the ~unic. When t?e tunic is worn on informal occasions, and with a four m hand necktie, plain black trousers will be worn. On for~al ~ccasions, black. or white tie, black trousers, with a braided gold stnpe will be worn. White gloves are worn with the uniform.

3. The Mess Kit

On gala occasions the uniform may be ~eplaced by a m~ss.kit of white material with dark green velvet collar, facmgs and cuffs, similar to those of the uniform. A white vest is worn with a white tie, and a dark g.reen cummerbund or vest is worn with a black tie. Black trousers, With a braided gold stripe, are worn with the mess kit. A sword may not be worn with the Mess Kit.

Mess Kit

4. Epaulettes.

The epaulettes, worn with the uniform and mess kit of the Ord~r, are flat, straight and of gold color, without trimming~. U?der no ClfCUm­stances should they be fitted with fringes or embro1denes.

They have one button, similar to that of the tunic, at the inside end. They should be fitted so as to allow the passing of a sash underneath.

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The rank of the member is shown on the epaulette by means of 'pips,' which are small green Badges of the Order, as follows.

Officer no pips

Commander one pip

Knight two pips

Knight Commander three pips

Knight Grand Cross four pips

Members of the Grand Magistracy wear a Crown, near the button, all others wear the Cipher, SU, on the outer end of the epaulette.

5. Other Uniforms.

Members may wear the specific national costume of their ancestors, consistent with the traditions of both the country of the jurisdiction, and of an Order of Chivalry.

6. Blazer Uniform.

On informal occasions, or when directed by appropriate authority, a Blazer Uniform may be worn. This uniform consists of a Navy Blue (NO other color), single or double breasted jacket, cut in the traditional Blazer style, and gray trousers, light gray before 5 P.M., and dark gray after 5 P.M. The buttons on the Blazer are of gilded metal, decorated with the Badge ofthe order, three small on each cuff, and two to six (sin­gle or double breasted) in front. The Arms of the Order are displayed on the left breast pocket.

7. Head dress.

The head dress worn with the uniform is a cocked hat with black feathers (white for GCU), with the Badge of the Order. Alternatively, a dark green beret may be worn, or a Scottish bonnet (Balmoral or Glengarry) with the Badge of the Order.

8. Alternate dress.

At all formal events of the Order, members and their guests may wear appropriate civilian or military dress, suitable for the occasion. The dress code for each event will define; morning coat with an Ascot tie, tuxedo with black tie, tail coat with white tie, or comparable military dress.

9. Chaplains.

When attending ceremonies of the Order, chaplains will abide by the observance of their denomination at all times. This includes church vestments and liturgical ornaments. It is, however, recommended that they wear the Cross of the Order in a visible position.

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Chaplains wear no Cape, but a Mozz~tta wit~ green ed?ing and the Badge of the Order in green on the left stde. Semor Chaplams may wear a Mozzetta of Amaranthine Red.

1 0. Ladies dress.

When attending ceremonies of the Order in church, lad!es are requested to wear black or dark, ankle length dresses, coven~g the shoulders and arms, black gloves and a black or dark head covenng (or Mantilla), appropriate for church.

The Cape is compulsory for lady members on all religious occasions as it is for men.

Ladies are expected to wear appropriate civilian dress at social events of the Order. 11, Companions of Merit, who are not members of the

Order.

They may not wear either the Cape or the l!niform or Mess ~t, but should wear civilian or military attire, appropnate for the occas10n.

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ORDERS, DECORATIONS AND MEDALS WITH SAINT LAZARUS UNIFORMS

The following Orders, decorations and medals are approved for wear at the functions of the Order of Saint Lazarus.

1. Decorations and medals of the United States of America.

2. Orders, decorations and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre, the Holy See and other Sovereign States.

3. Decorations and medals of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.

4. Dynastic Orders of recognized Royal and Princely Houses as deter­mined by the International Commission on Orders of Chivalry.

5. Awards of Honor and Merit.

These Orders, decorations and medals are to be worn as follows:

1. Knights Grand Cross and Knight Commanders. With the Dress Uniform, star on the left breast, decorations on a bar high on the left breast, and cordon over the right shoulder. Evening Uniform, the same, except that cordon is not worn. If a neck badge is appropriate, it should be worn close to the bow tie under the collar.

2. Knights. The star is worn on the left breast, decorations on a bar worn high on the left breast. The neck badge is worn close to the bow tie under the collar. This applies to both Uniforms.

3. Commander Companions. With both Uniforms, neck badge close to the bow tie under the collar, with decorations on a bar high on the left breast.

4. Officer and Member Companions. With both Uniforms, decorations on a bar worn high on the left breast.

General rules concerning the wearing of Orders, decorations and medals.

1. While it is proper to wear either full-size decorations or their minia­tures mounted on a bar with the Dress Uniform, only miniatures are correct with the Evening Uniform.

2. It is permissible to wear as many as four stars or plaques with the Dress Uniform, but only one may be worn with the Evening Uniform.

3. Two neck badges may be worn with the Dress Uniform but only one may be worn with the Evening Uniform.

(These rules and regulations apply to the insignia of the Order of Merit and Donat's Crosses as well.)

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DECORATIONS WITH CIVILIAN ATTIRE AT FUNCTIONS OF THE ORDER

The following decorations are approved for members of the Order of

Saint Lazarus at official functions.

1. Decorations and medals of the United States of America and other

sovereign States.

2. Decorations and medals of the Sovereign Order of Malta and the

Holy See.

3. Decorations and medals of the Order of Saint Lazarus.

4. Dynastic Orders of recognized Royal Houses, as determined by the

International Commission on Orders of Chivalry. These Orders

include, for instance, The Order of the Golden Fleece (conferred by

the Heads of the Imperial House of Austria and the Royal House of

Spain), the Constantinian Order of St. George (conferred by the

head of the Royal House of Naples), the Order of Annunciata (con­

ferred by the Head of the Royal House of Italy), etc.

5. Awards of Honor and Merit.

With formal wear (tails and white tie) these decorations are to be

worn as follows:

1. Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander: Stars on the left

breast, decorations on a medal bar high on the left breast, and cor­

don over the right shoulder.

2. Knights: Star on the left breast, decorations on a bar high on the left

breast, and neck badge close to the bow tie under the collar. Justice

Cross may be worn on right breast.

3. Commander Companions: Neck badge close to the bow tie under the

collar, with decorations on a bar high on the left breast.

4. Officer and Member Companions: Decorations on bar high on the

left breast.

N.B. A maximum of four stars are permitted. Full-size decorations or

miniatures may be worn with formal wear.

With dinner jackets (tuxedo) the following regulations have been

approved for members of the Grand Priory of America:

1. Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders: The star may be

worn on the left breast and miniatures on a medal bar, but the broad

cordon will not be worn.

2. Knights: The star may be worn on the left breast, the neck badge

close under the tie, and miniatures on a medal bar.

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3. Commanders: The neck badge may be worn close under the tie and miniatures on a medal bar.

4. Officers and Members: The miniatures may be worn on a medal bar.

5. The same regulations apply to the insignia of the Order of Merit and

the Donat's Cross.

It should be carefully noted that although decorations may be worn

with dinner jackets, not more than one star (or badge of a Knight of

Justice) and not more than one neck decoration may be worn. The num­

ber of miniatures worn is not limited.

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INSIGNIA OF THE ORDER OF SAINT LAZARUS

Historically over many centuries the religious and chivalric Orders have sought to preserve their traditions as well as their sacred religious objects and regalia, and to safeguard the latter against unauthorized or unlawful use.

Membership in these Orders has not permitted the use or retention of individual items of religious regalia or insignia by other than the member properly vested with the Order's insignia. Thus the insignia had to be returned to the Order upon termination of the individual's mem­bership by death or resignation.

The Grand Priory of America, following this tradition, invests each member upon admission to the Order with the church cape, or mantle, and the insignia of the Order in a formal public religious service held in a cathedral, church or chapel. This service is conducted by the most senior Knight of the Grand Priory or Commandery of the Grand Priory of America. Before being awarded, all insignia receive the ' 'Blessing of the Crosses" by the senior prelate or clergyman present. Any member who resigns from the Order is required to return the insignia issued to him. For protection against unauthorized manufacture or use by others, the Order's insignia has been copyrighted on the North American con­tinent by the Grand Priory of America.

In further clarification of existing policies and procedures, the fol­lowing will apply with respect to the award and use of the Order's insignia:

(a)Applicants for membership after meeting all the requirements for admission to the Order, and upon formal acceptance for admission, will be presented the insignia of the Order appropriate to the rank in which admitted for use as long as they shall remain members of the Order in either an active or inactive status.

(b )Members recommended for and meeting the requirements of pro­motion to a higher rank in the Order, and upon acceptance of such pro­motion will receive the insignia of the next higher rank in exchange for the insignia of the Order previously received. Return of the insignia pre­viously received will prevent its falling into commercial or other unau­thorized hands.

The purpose of the foregoing policy and procedure is to emphasize the following considerations:

(a)That the Order's insignia are held in trust by members, as in other Orders of Chivalry.

(b )That members are to safeguard the Order's insignia, thereby pre­venting it from falling into unauthorized hands.

( c )That insignia are returnable in exchange for insignia of a higher rank on promotion, and also on resignation of a member from the Order.

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BYLAWS OF

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF THE ORDER OF SAINT LAZARUS, INC.

ARTICLE I

The name of this corporation shall be "THE AMERICAN ASSOCI­ATION OF THE ORDER OF SAINT LAZARUS, INC."

ARTICLE II

Section 1. Principal Office

The principal office for the transaction of business of the corporation is fixed and located at Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California. The Board of Directors may at any time or from time to time change the location of the principal office to any place, within or without the State.

Section 2. Other Offices

The Board of Directors may at any time establish branch or subordi­nate offices at any place or places where the corporation is qualified to do business.

ARTICLE Ill

Section 1. Objectives and Purposes

The objectives of this corporation shall be:

A. The specific and primary purposes are to receive contributions and to make donations to, dispense charitable contributions through, and otherwise aid and support those organizations qualified for exemption from federal income tax under the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as now in effect or as subsequently amended, or such other foreign and domestic organizations that are organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable or scientific purposes, no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual, no substantial part of the activities of which is carrying on propaganda or otherwise attempting to influence legislation, and that do not partici­pate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distributing of state­ments), any political campaign on behalf of any candidate for public office; and

B. To uphold and promote the ancient ideals of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, founded with the help of Crusaders at the Leper Infirmary of Saint Lazarus in the year 1120 A.D., by defending the Christian faith, promoting ecumenism, and fol­lowing Christ's example of assisting those in need and helping to elimi­nate suffering wherever found, in the tradition of the Crusades and in the imitation of Christ.

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ARTICLE IV

Section 1. Membership

A. Any active member of the Grand Priory ·of America of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem may become a member of this corporation as provided in subdivision B of this section.

B. Any eligible person wishing to become a member of this corpora­tion shall give notice in writing to the Secretary setting forth (1) the applicant's eligibility or the basis upon which membership is requested, and (2) the applicant's residence address. Upon receipt of the notice from an applicant or from the Grand Prior of America of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, the Secretary shall verify the applicant's eligibility for membership and when so directed by the Board of Directors, shall enter his name upon the roll of members.

C. Any member of this association who ceases to be an active mem­ber of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem shall ipso facto cease to be a member of this corporation.

D. Each member of this corporation shall be entitled to one vote, but no member may vote by proxy.

ARTICLE V

Nonpartisan Activities

This corporation has been formed under the California Public Benefit Corporation Law for charitable or public purposes described above, and shall be nonprofit and nonpartisan. No substantial part of the activities of the corporation shall consist of the publication or dis­semination of materials with the purpose of attempting to influence leg­islation, and the corporation shall not participate or intervene in any political campaign on behalf of any candidate for public office or for or against any cause or measure being submitted to the people for a vote. The corporation shall not, except in an insubstantial degree, engage in any activities or exercise any powers that are not in furtherance of the purposes described above.

ARTICLE VI

Dedication of Assets

The properties and assets of this nonprofit corporation are irrevoca­bly dedicated to public or charitable purposes. No part of the net earn­ings, properties or assets of this corporation, on dissolution or other­wise, shall inure to the benefit of any director, officer, or member or to the benefit of any private person or individual. On liquidation or disso­lution, all properties and assets and obligations shall be distributed and

28

paid over to an organization that is organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable or scientific purposes and that has established its tax-exempt status under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, as now in effect or as subsequently amended, and Section 23701d of the California Revenue and Taxation Code, as now in effect or as sub­sequently amended.

ARTICLE VII

Section 1. Place of Meeting

Meetings of the membership shall be held at any place within or out­side the state of California as designated by the Board of Directors. In the absence of any such designation, member's meetings shall be held at the principal place of business of the corporation.

Section 2. Regular Meeting

The regular meeting of members shall be held at such time as shall be designated by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall so notify the members as provided in Section 4 of this Article VII. In the event of failure of designation of a time, a date and place of the regular meeting of members by the Board of Directors, such designation shall be made by the President of the corporation. The members shall also then be notified as provided in Section 4 of this Article VII.

Section 3. Special Meetings

A. A special meeting of the members may be called at any time by any of the following:

(1) The Board of Directors or the President; or

(2) By five percent (5%) or more of the members.

B. If a special meeting is called by members other than the Board of Directors or the President, the request shall be submitted by such mem­bers in writing, specifying the general nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and shall be delivered personally or sent by registered mail, return receipt requested, or by telegraphic or other facsimile transmission to the President, any Vice President, or to the Secretary of the corporation. The officer receiving the request shall cause notice to be promptly given to the members entitled to vote, in accordance with the provisions of Sections 4 and 5 of this Article VII, that a meeting will be held, and the date for such meeting, which date shall not be less than thirty-five (35) nor more than ninety (90) days following the receipt of the request. If the notice is not given within twenty (20) days after receipt of the request by an officer of the corporation, the persons requesting the meeting may give the notice. Nothing contained in this subsection shall be construed as limiting, fixing, or affecting the time wh~n a meeting of members may be held when a meeting is called by action of the Board of Directors.

29

Section 4. Notice of Members' Meeting

All notices of meetings of members shall be sent or otherwise given in accordance with Section 4(C) of this Article VII not less than twenty (20) nor more than ninety (90) days before the date of the meeting. The notice shall specify the place, date, and hour of the meeting and (1) in the case of a special meeting, the general nature of the business to be transacted, and no other business may in that case be transacted, or (2) in the case of the regular meeting, those special matters which the Board of Directors, at the time of giving the notice, wishes the members to consider in preparation for the meeting.

B. If action is proposed to be taken at any meeting for approval of any of the following proposals, the notice shall also state the general nature of the proposal. Member action on such items is invalid unless the notice or written waiver of notice states the general nature of the pro­posals.

(1) Removing a director without cause;

(2) Filling vacancies on the Board of Directors by the members;

(3) Amending the articles of incorporation; or

( 4) Voluntarily dissolving the corporation.

C. Notice of any meeting of members shall be given either personally or by mail, telegraphic or other written communication, charges pre­paid, addressed to each member either at the address of that member appearing on the books of the corporation or the address given by the member to the corporation for the purpose of notice. If no address appears on the corporation's books and no other has been given, notice shall be deemed given if either (1) notice is sent to that member by first class mail, telegraphic or other written communication to the individual in care of the corporation's principal executive office, or (2) notice is published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where that office is located. Notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally or deposited in the mail or sent by telegram or other means of written communication.

D. A declaration of the mailing or other means of giving any notice of any members' may be executed by the Secretary, Assistant Secretary, or any other party of the corporation giving the notice, and if so executed, shall be filed and maintained in the minute book of the corporation.

Section 5. Quorum

A. Twenty-five (25) members present at the meeting shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the membership.

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B. The members present at a duly called or duly held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough members to leave less than a quorum, if any action taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the members required to constitute a quorum.

Section 6. Voting

A. Person entitled to vote at any meeting of members shall be mem­bers as of the date determined in accordance with Section 8 of this Article VII, subject to the provisions of the California Nonprofit Corporation Law.

B.Voting may be by voice or ballot, provided that any election of directors must be by ballot if demanded by any member before the vot­ing begins.

C. If a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of the majority of the members represented at the meeting, entitled to vote and voting on any matter other than the election of directors shall be the act of the mem­bers, unl~ss the vot~ of a greater number is required by the California Nonprofit Corporation Law or by the Articles of Incorporation.

Section 7. Members

Waiver of Notice or Consent by Absent

. A. The transaction of any meeting of members, either regular or spe­cJal, however called or noticed, and wherever held, shall be as valid as though taken at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum be pres~nt in person, and if, either before or after the meeting, each p~rson entJtl~d to vote, who was not present in person, signs a writ­ten wmver of not_1ce or a consent to a holding of the meeting, or an ~ppr.oval of the mmutes. The waiver of notice or consent need not spec­Jfy e~ther the_ business to be transacted or the purpose of any regular or speCJal meetmg of members, except that if action is taken or proposed to be take_n for. approval of any of those matters specified in Section 4(B) of this Article VII, the waiver of notice or consent shall state the general n~ture of the proposal. All such waivers, consents, or approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

B. ~ttendance by a person at a meeting shall also constitute a waiver o~ notice of that _meeting, except when the person objects at the begin­mng of th_e mee.tmg to the transaction of any business due to the inade­qu~cy or 11lega~Jty of the_ notice. Also, attendance at a meeting is not a waJ.ver of an~ nght to ObJect to the consideration of matters not includ­ed m _the notice of the meeting, if that objection is expressly made at the meetmg. ""'

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Section 8. Consents

Record Date for Member Notice, Voting and Giving

A. For the purposes of determining which members are entitled to receive notice of any meeting, to vote, or to give consent to corporate action without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a "record date" which shall be not more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting or lawful action. Only members of record on the date so fixed are entitled to notice, to vote, or to give consents, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any mem­bership on the books of the corporation after the record date, except as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, by agreement, or in the California Nonprofit Corporation Law.

B. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors:

(1) The record date for determining those members entitled to receive notice of, or to vote at, a meeting of members, shall be the next business day preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, the next business day preceding the day on which the meeting is held.

(2) The record date for determining members for any other pur­pose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts a resolution relating thereto, or the six­tieth day prior to the date of such other action, whichever is later.

Section 9. Proxies

There shall not be any proxy voting allowed.

ARTICLE VIII

Section 1. Board of Directors

A. The Board of Directors shall consist of five members until the number of directors is changed in the manner provided in the Articles of Incorporation. Two directors shall be Regular Directors, and three directors shall be Ex Officio Directors.

B. Regular Directors shall be those directors elected by the members of this corporation at the regular meeting of the corporation.

C. Ex Officio Directors shall be those directors holding office by virtue of their offices in The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.

Section 2. Quorum

Three members of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

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Section 3. Powers of Directors

Subject to limitations of the Articles of Incorporation and of California Nonprofit Corporation Law, all powers of the corporation shall be exercised by or under the authority of, and the business affairs of the corporation shall be controlled by, the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Election and Term of Office

The term of office of each Regular Director of this corporation shall be two years or until his successor is elected. Ex Officio Directors serve at the pleasure of the Grand Master of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.

Section 5. Classification of Directors

There shall be two classifications of directors, these being: (1) Regular Directors, and (2) Ex Officio Directors. Excepting only that Ex Officio Directors sit on the Board of Directors of this corporation by virtue of the offices in The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem which said Ex Officio Directors hold, and the fact that the term of office of such Ex Officio Directors is at the pleasure of the Grand Master of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, all directors shall have equal rights and responsi­bilities.

Section 6. Ex Officio Directors

The person who holds each of the following offices in The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem shall be an Ex Officio Director of this corporation:

(1) The Grand Prior; (2) The Bailiff; and (3) The Vice-Chancellor (Legal Affairs).

Section 7. Vacancies

Vacancies in the Regular Directors serving on the Board of Directors shall be filled by a majority of the remaining directors then in office even though less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director. A vacancy on the Board of Directors of an Ex Officio Director shall be filled by the Grand Master of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem through the appointment of the individual to an office in the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem which qualifies such individual for a seat on the Board of Directors of this corporation.

Section 8. Place of Meeting

Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at any place, within or without the state, that has been designated from time to time

33

by resolution of the Board, or by written consent of all members of the Board of Directors. In the absence of this designation, regular meetings shall be held at the principal office of the corporation. Special meetings of the Board may be held either at a place designated or at the princi­pal office or by telephone conference.

Section 9. Action Without Meeting

Any action by the Board of Directors may be taken without a meet­ing if all members of the Board individually or collectively consent in writing to this action. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board.

Section 10. Removal

Any Regular Director may be removed from office, for cause, by a vote of a majority of the directors. Any Ex Officio Director may be removed, with or without cause, by order of the Grand Master of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.

Section 11. Compensation

No director shall receive compensation for services as a director.

Section 12. Resignation

A Regular Director may resign effective upon giving written notice to the President, unless the notice specifies a later time for the effective­ness of such resignation. An Ex Officio Director may resign upon giving written notice to both the President and to the Grand Master of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. Except upon notice to the attorney general of California, no director may resign where the corporation would then be left without a duly constituted director in charge of its affairs.

ARTICLE IX

Section 1. Officers

The officers of this corporation shall be a President, not less than five Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, and such other officers as the Board of Directors may appoint. One person, other tpan the President, may hold more than one office.

Section 2. Election

The Board of Directors shall elect all officers of the corporation except the President for terms of one year or until their successors are elected and qualified.

Section 3. Vacancies

A vacancy in any office other than that of President, because of death,

34

resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise shall be filled by the Board of Directors. A vacancy for any reason in the office of President shall be filled by order of the Grand Master of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem.

Section 4. President

The President of this corporation shall be the Grand Prior of the Grand Priory of America of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, and shall be appointed by the Grand Master of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. Subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the President is the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall have general super­vision, direction and control of the business and affairs of the corpora­tion. He shall preside at all meetings of the members and directors, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Section 5. Vice President

The Vice Presidents of this corporation shall have such powers and duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors. In the absence or disability of the President, the Vice Presidents, in order of their precedence within The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, shall succeed to and perform all the duties of the President during the period of such absence or disability, and in so acting shall have all the powers of the President.

Section 6. Secretary

The Secretary shall keep a full and complete record of the proceed­ings of the Board of Directors, shall keep the seal of the corporation and affix it to such -papers and instruments as may be required in the regu­lar course of business, shall make service of such notices as may be nec­essary or proper, shall supervise the keeping of the records of the cor­poration, and shall discharge such other duties of the office prescribed by the Board of Directors.

Section 7. Treasurer

The Treasurer shall be the Chief Financial Officer of this corporation and shall receive and safely keep all funds of the corporation and deposit them in the bank or banks that may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct accounts of the properties and transactions of the corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabili­ties, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital and surplus. The books of account shall be open at all reasonable times to inspection by any director. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the

35

President and directors, whenever they request it, an account of all his transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the corpora­tion, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.

ARTICLE X CONTRACTS, CHECKS, DEPOSITS AND FUNDS

Section 1. Contracts, etc., How Executed

The Board of Directors, except as in the Bylaws otherwise provided, may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name and on behalf of the cor­poration, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances; and unless so authorized by the Board of Directors, no offi­cer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit to ren­der it liable for any purpose or in any amount.

Section 2. Checks, Drafts and Notes

All checks, drafts or orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents, of the corporation and in the manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolu­tion of the Board of Directors. In the absence of such determination by the Board of Directors, such instruments shall be signed by the Treasurer and countersigned by the President or a Vice President of the corporations.

Section 3. Deposits

All funds of the corporation shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the corporation in such banks or other depositories as the Board of Directors may designate.

Section 4. Gifts

The Board of Directors may accept on behalf of the corporation any contribution, gift, bequest, devise or governmental or other subsidy or scholarship grant for the general purposes of the corporation, or for any special purpose within its general purpose.

ARTICLE XI

These Bylaws may be amended or repealed by approval of the mem­bers or by the vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, provided, however, that a majority of the members present at the regular meeting or at any special meeting must approve any action that would:

(1) Materially or adversely affect the rights of members as to vot­ing or dissolution;

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(2) Amend or repeal Article III; or

(3) Amend or repeal Article XI.

Section 1.

ARTICLE XII INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS,

EMPLOYEES AND OTHER AGENTS

Definitions

For the purpose of this Article:

A. "Agent" means any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, or other agent of this corporation, is or was serving at the request of this corporation as a directo~, officer, emp~oye.e,. or agent of another foreign or domestic corporatton, partnershtp, JOmt venture, trust, or other enterprise, or was a director, officer, employee, or ag~nt of a foreign or domestic corporation that was a predecessor corporatiOn of this corporation or of another enterprise at the request of the prede­cessor.

B. "Proceeding" means any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative; and

C. "Expenses" includes, without limitation, all attorneys' fees, costs, and any other expenses incurred in the defense of any claims or pro­ceedings against any agent by reason of his position or relationship as agent and all attorneys' fees, costs, and other expenses incurred in establishing a right to indemnification under this Article.

Section 2. Successful Defense by Agent

To the extent that an agent of this corporation has been successful on the merits in the defense of any proceeding referred to in this Article, or in the defense of any claim, issue, or matter therein, the agent shall be indemnified against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the agent in connection with the claim. If an agent either settles any such claim or sustains a judgment rendered against him, then the provision of Sections 3 through 5 shall determine whether the agent is entitled to indemnification.

Section 3. Actions Brought by Person Other Than the Corporation

Subject to the required findings to be made pursuant to Section 5, below, this corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party, to any proceeding other than an action brought by, or on behalf of, this corporation, or by an officer, director or person granted related status by the Attorney General, or by the Attorney General on the ground that the defendant director was or is engaging in self-dealing with the meaning of California Corporations

37

Code section 5233, or by the Attorney General or a person granted related status by the Attorney General for any breach of duty relating to assets held in charitable trust, by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of this corporation, for all expenses, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in con­nection with the proceeding.

Section 4. Action Brought by or on Behalf of the Corporation

A. Claims settled out of court. If any agent settles or otherwise dispos­es of a threatened or pending action brought by or on behalf of this cor­poration, without court approval, the agent shall receive no indemnifi­cation for either amounts paid pursuant to the terms of the settlement or other disposition or for any expense incurred in defending against the proceeding.

B. Claims and suits awarded against agent. This corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a part or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action brought by or on behalf of this corporation by reason of the fact that the person is or was an agent of this corporation, for all expenses actually and reason­ably incurred in connection with the defense of that action, provided that both of the following are met:

(1) The determination of good faith conduct required by Section 5, below, must be made in the manner provided for in that section; and

(2) Upon application, the court in which the action was brought must determine that, in view of all of the circumstances of the case, the agent should be entitled to indemnity for the expenses incurred. If the agent is found to be so entitled, the court shall determine the appropriate amount of expenses to be reimbursed.

Section 5. Determination of Agent's Good Faith

The indemnification granted to an agent in Sections 3 and 4 above is conditioned on the following:

A. Required standard of conduct. The agent seeking reimbursement must be found, in the manner p rovided below, that he acted in good faith, in a manner he believed to be in the best interest of this corpora­tion, and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, as an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use in similar circumstances. The termination of any proceeding by judgement, order, settlement, conviction, or on a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith or in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in the best interest of this corporation or that he had reasonable cause to believe that his con­duct was unlawful. In the case of a criminal proceeding, the person must have had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

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• • • • • • • •

B. Manner of determination of good faith conduct. The determination that the agent did act in a manner complying with Paragraph (a) above shall be made by:

(1) The Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum con­sisting of directors who are not parties to the proceeding; or,

(2) The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes represented and voting at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present (which affirmative votes also constitute a majority of the required quorum).

(3) The court in which the proceeding is or was pending. Such determination may be made on application brought by this corpo­ration or the agent or the attorney or other person rendering a defense to the agent, whether or not the application by the agent, attorney, or other person is opposed by this corporation.

Section 6. Limitations

No indemnification or advance shall be made under this Article, except as provided in Sections 2 or 5(b )(iii), in any circumstance when it appears:

A. That the indemnification or advance would be inconsistent with a provision of the aticles, a resolution of the members, or an agreement in effect at the time of the accrual of the alleged cause of action assert­ed in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid, which prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or,

B. That the indemnification would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a court in approving a settlement.

Section 7. Advance of Expenses

Expenses incurred in defending any proceeding may be advanced by this corporation before the final disposition of the proceeding on receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the agent to repay the amount of the advance unless it is determined ultimately that the agent is entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Article.

Section 8. Contractual Right of Non-Directors and Non-Officers

Nothing contained in this Article shall affect any right to indemnifi­cation to which persons other than directors and officers of this corpo­ration, or any subsidiary hereof, may be entitled by contract or other­wise.

Section 9. Insurance

The Board of Directors may adopt a resolution authorizing the pur-

39

chase and maintenance of insurance on behalf of any agent of the cor­poration against any liability asserted against or incurred by the agent in such capacity or arising out of the agent's status as such, whether or not this corporation would have the power to indemnify the agent against that liability under the provisions of this section.

Section 1 0. Fiduciaries or Corporate Employee Benefit Plan

This Article does not apply to any proceeding against any trustee, investment manager, or other fiduciary of an employee benefit plan in that person's capacity as such, even though that person may also be an agent of the corporation as defined in Section 1 of this Article. Nothing contained in this Article shall limit any right to indemnification to which such a trustee, investment manager, or other fiduciary may be entitled by contract or otherwise, which shall be enforceable to the extent per­mitted by applicable law.

ARTICLE XIII

Section 1. Representation of Securities of Others

The President, or any Vice President and the Secretary, or such other officers as the Board may select for that purpose, are authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of this corporation all rights incident to any and all voting securities of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority here granted to said officers to vote or represent on behalf of this corporation any and all voting securities held by this corporation and any other corporation or corporations may be exercised either by such officers in person or by any person authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney duly exe­cuted by such officers.

Section 2. Reports

A. The Board shall cause proper and timely reports to be filed with such federal and state regulatory and reporting agencies as may be required by Jaw.

B. The Board shall cause an annual report be sent to the members not later than 120 days after the close of the corporation's fiscal year. Such report shall contain in appropriate detail the following:

(1) The assets and liabilities, including the trust funds, of the corpo­ration as of the end of the fiscal year.

(2) The principal changes in assets and liabilities, including trust funds, during the fiscal year.

(3) The revenue or receipts of the corporation for the fiscal year.

( 4) The expenses or disbursements of the corporation during the fis­cal year.

40

(5) Any information required by Section 6322 of the Corporations Code.

This report shall be accompanied by any report thereon of indepen­dent accountants, or, if there is no such report, the certificate of any authorized officer of the corporation that such statements were pre­pared without audit from the books and records of the corporation.

The Corporation shall furnish any member who so requests a copy of any report filed by the corporation pursuant to Articl~ 7_ ~commencing with Section 12580) of Chapter 6 of Part 2 of DIVISIOn 3 of the Government Code. The corporation may imose reasonable charges for copying and mailing such report.

Section 3. Annual Statement of General Information

The corporation shall, during the period commencing five calendar months prior to the date its Articles were filed and ending during the month its Articles were filed each year, file with the Secretary of State of the State of California, on the prescribed form, a statement setting forth the names and complete business or residence addresses of the chief executive officer, secretary and chief financial officer and the street address of its principal office, together with a designation of the agent of the corporation for the purpose of service of process, all in compliance with Section 6210 of the Corporations Code.

Section 4. Inspection of Records

The accounting books and records and minutes of proceedings of the members and the Board and committees of the Board shall be open to inspection upon the written demand on the corporation of any member at any reasonable time, for a purpose reasonably related to such per­son's interest as a member.

Every director shall have the absolute right at any reasonable time to inspect and copy all books, records and documents of evey kind and to inspect the physical properties of the corporation.

Section 5. Fiscal Year

The fiscal year of the corporation shall be the calendar year and shall begin on the first day of January in each year and shall end on the last day of the following December.

Section 6. Rules of Order

Robert's Rules of Order, Revised, shall govern the proceeding of the corporation upon parliamentary questions not covered by these Bylaws.

Section 7. Action Without Meeting

Subject to Section 5513 of the California Nonprofit Public Benefit

41

Corporation Law, any action including election of directors which under any provision of the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law may be taken at any regular or special meeting of members, may be taken without a meeting if the written ballot of every member is listed, the required number of signed approvals in writing setting forth the action so taken is received, and the number of ballots cast within the time period specified equals or exceeds the quorum required to be pre­sent at a meeting authorizing the action, and the number of approvals equals or exeeds the number of votes that would be required approved at a meeting at which the total number of votes cast was the same as the number of votes cast by ballot. Unless a record date for voting purpos­es by fixed as provided in Section 8, Article VII, the record date for determining members entitled to cast written ballots pursuant to this Section, when no prior action by the Board has been taken, shall be the day in which the first written ballot is mailed or solicited, whichever is first. Each ballot must specify the time by which it must be received to be counted. The ballot must contain a block in which to vote for each candidate for each office and a space for write-ins. A written ballot marked "withhold" or otherwise marked in any manner indicating authority to vote for the election is withheld shall not be voted either for or against a particular candidate. A written ballot may not be revoked.

42

WITH SAINT LAZARUS THROUGH THE AGES

4th Century: Saint Basil the Great, Bishop of Caesarea, Lengendary Founder of the Order

11th Century: The Blessed Gerard Tenque, Master of the Hospitallers of Jerusalem and 1st Grand Master of

12th Century:

the Order

Roger Boyant, Rector of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem and 2nd Grand Master

H.M. Louis VII, King of France, Benefactor of the order

H.M. Baudoin IV, King of Jerusalem, Protector of the Order

13th Century: Saint Louis (H.M. Louis IX), King of France, Patron of the Order

14th Century: H.M. Philippe le Bel, King of France, Protector of the Order

16th Century: Francois de Bourbon, Comte de Saint Pol, Due de Estouteville, 26th Grand Master

Jean de Levis, Amiral de France, 29th Grand Master

Marechal Aimard de Clermont de Chastes, Lieutenant General of the King in Acadia, 33rd Grand Master

17th Century: H.M. Henri IV, King of France and Navarre, Supreme Sovereign of the Order

Charles-Achille, Marquis de Nerestang, Commander of the Order's Naval Flotilla and 38th Grand Master

Francais-MichelLe Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, famous Minister of King Louis XIV of France, 39th Grand Master

18th Century: Louis de Bourbon-Orleans, Due de Chartres, later Due d'Orleans, First Prince of the Blood of France, 41st Grand Master.

Louis de Bourbon, Due de Berry, later Louix XVI, King of France and Navarre, 42nd Grand Master

H .I.M. Paul I, Emperor of Russia, Knight Grand Cross

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19th Century: H.I.M. Alexander the First, Emperor of Russia, Knight Grand Cross

H.M. Gustavus IV, King of Sweden, Knight Grand Cross

Louis Stanislaus Xavier de Bourbon, Comte de Provence, later Louis XVIII, King of France and Navarre, 43rd Grand Master

20th Century: Don Francisco de Borb6n y de Ia Torre, 3rd Duque de Sevilla, "Hero of Malaga," 44th Grand Master

H.M. Boris III, Tsar of Bulgaria, Grand Bailiff

H.R.H. Charles Philippe de Bourbon-Orlean4s, Due d'Alencon, Vendome, et Nemours, First Prince of the Blood of France, 46th Grand Master

H.M. Michael, King of Romania, Grand Bailiff

H.R.H. Prince Friedrich von Hohenzollern­Sigmaringen, Grand Prior of Germany

H.S.H. Prince Charles von Schwarzenberg, Grand Prior of Bohemia

H.H. Prince Gian-Giacomo Borghese, Prior of Italy

Don Jose Romero de Juseu y Lerroux, Marques de Cardenas de Montehermoso, Grand Referen&'ry of the Order

The Marquis George MacDonald, first Bailiff of the Order in the United States of America

The Marquis de Guadelupe de Santa-Fe, Duque de Regia, Bailiff for Mexico

His Eminence Patrick Cardinal Hayes, Archbishop of New York, Prelate Grand Cross,

His Eminence George Cardinal Mundelein, Archbishop of Chicago, Prelate Grand Cross

His Eminence Francis Cardinal Spellman, Archbishop of New York, Prelate Grand Cross

Generalissimo Francisco Franco Baamonde, Head of the Spanish State, Knight Grand Cross

General Gettulio Vargas, President of Brazil, Knight Grand Cross

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H.l. & R.H. Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Knight Grand Cross

H.I.H. Grand Duchess Kyra of Russia, Princess Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, Dame Grand Cross

Dr. Albert Schweitzer, Commander of Honour

Dr. Rufus B. von KleinSmid, President of the University of Southern California, Knight Grand Cross

H.S.H. Prince Paulus Alfons von Metternich­Winneburg, Inspector General

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45

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