The (Catholic) Counter Reformation

p. 435-436

Write only what is in black!

I. How the Catholic Church defended itself (against the Protestant Reformation):

1. Creation of the Jesuit Order by Igantius Loyola

• Catholic missionaries

• Spread Catholic message to Africa, Asia and the Americas.

•Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556)

•Born in Spain

•Founder of the Jesuit order

•Was a knight before he became a priest

Boston CollegeGeorgetownMarquetteHoly CrossCreightonXavierSt. Joseph’sGonzaga

Jesuit Universities:

Strake Jesuit High School

2. The Holy Inquisition

• Church court designed to judge and convict heretics (those who have different opinions than the Catholic Church)

• Guilty were imprisoned, exiled and executed

• Stopped spread of Protestantism in Italy and Spain

Galileo died under house arrest…

…because he believed the sun was the center of the universe.

The Church believed Earth was the center of the universe.

Bruno was burned at the stake

3. The Council of Trent (Meeting of Church officials)

• Outcome:• Church, not individual, would interpret

the Bible (stayed the same)• Outlawed nepotism, simony and the

selling of indulgences (changed)• Clergy had to renounce worldly

pleasures/riches/luxury (changed)• Condemned Protestant doctrine

(teaching) (stayed the same)• Index- list of books forbidden to

Catholics (many burned)

II. Results of the Reformation

1. Religion no longer united Europe2. The Catholic Church’s power declined; pluralism (more than one church present)3. Encouragement of education

4. Separation of church and state accepted5. Individual monarchs and nation-states

(countries) grow in power.