T he Reformation
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Transcript of T he Reformation
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The Reformation
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Causes of the Reformation• The Renaissance emphasis on
secularism and individualism challenged church authority.
• The printing press spread secular ideas.
• The pope was trying to control the rulers, and the rulers did not like this (people didn’t know who to listen to).
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Problems in the Catholic Church• People said the church
leaders were very corrupt.
• Popes were too busy pursuing worldly affairs (fighting wars, living extravagantly)
• Popes were breaking their vows to the church (gambling, marrying, etc.)
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Early calls for reform
• People said:– Popes and church officials
should be held to a higher standard.
– The Bible had more authority than the church.
**Reformers (people who believed this) were put on trial for heresy and banished.
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The Printing Press• In 1440, German craftsman Johann Gutenberg
invented the printing press.• The printing press – A machine that presses
paper against a tray full of inked, movable type – changed Europe forever.
• Movable type invented by Chinese 400 years earlier, but was impractical
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• In 1455, the first full-size book was printed….The Gutenberg Bible!
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The Effects of the Printing Press• More books• Cheaper books• Ideas spread• Literacy rises• People interpret Bible for themselves• People become critical of priests • People demand religious reform
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Martin luther• Martin Luther was a German monk and
professor• He disagreed with the selling of
indulgences – pardons from sin that were purchased from Church officials
• Luther did not think you could buy your way into Heaven.
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• In 1517, Luther wrote 95 Theses attacking the sale of indulgences and posted them on a Church door• Theses were copied on the printing
press• Luther’s work started the
REFORMATION - A movement for religious reform
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Protestantism Spreads• Luther’s followers became known as Lutherans• Eventually, Christians who were not Catholic
became known as Protestant.• There were differences between Protestant and
Catholic beliefs and leadership.• Today, ¼ of all Christians are Protestant.
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• In 1529, Henry VIII - King of England declared England Protestant.• Did it for personal, not
religious, reasons
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