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Transcript of Scenarios for sustainable life to 2050
Sus
tain
able
Lif
esty
les
2050
D4.
1 Fu
ture
Sce
nario
s fo
r N
ew E
urop
ean
Soc
ial M
odel
s w
ith V
isua
lisat
ions
2015
2020
2030
2
04
0
2
05
0
Scen
ario
s fo
r
Sust
aina
ble
Life
styl
es
2050
: Fr
om G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps
2 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Abo
ut S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Rep
ort P
rinci
pal A
utho
rs: J
uha
Lepp
änen
(Dem
os H
elsi
nki),
Ale
ksi N
euvo
nen
(Dem
os H
elsi
nki),
Mar
ia R
itola
(Dem
os H
elsi
nki),
Inka
Aho
la (D
emos
Hel
sink
i),
Sin
i Hirv
onen
(Dem
os H
elsi
nki),
Mik
a H
yöty
läin
en (D
emos
Hel
sink
i), T
uuli
Kas
kine
n (D
emos
Hel
sink
i), T
omm
i Kau
ppin
en (D
emos
Hel
sink
i), O
uti K
uitt
inen
(D
emos
Hel
sink
i), K
aisa
Kär
ki (D
emos
Hel
sink
i), M
icha
el L
ette
nmei
er (D
emos
H
elsi
nki/D
-mat
), R
oope
Mok
ka (D
emos
Hel
sink
i)
With
inpu
ts fr
om th
e pr
ojec
t con
sort
ium
and
pro
ject
adv
isor
s
Rep
ort V
isua
lisat
ion:
Fra
ncoi
s Je
gou
(Str
ateg
ic D
esig
n S
cena
rios
/ Pol
itec-
nico
di M
ilano
), A
dèle
Sey
rig (S
trat
egic
Des
ign
Sce
nario
s), M
arta
Cor
ubol
o (P
olite
cnic
o di
Mila
no),
Ann
a M
eron
i (P
olite
cnic
o di
Mila
no),
Chr
isto
phe
Gou
ache
(Str
ateg
ic D
esig
n S
cena
rios)
Rep
ort L
ayou
t: K
irmo
Kiv
elä
(Dem
os H
elsi
nki)
Pro
ject
Coo
rdin
ator
: U
NEP
/Wup
pert
al In
stitu
te C
olla
bora
ting
Cen
tre
on S
usta
inab
le C
onsu
mpt
ion
and
Pro
duct
ion
(CS
CP
) H
agen
auer
Str
aße
30. 4
2107
Wup
pert
al. G
erm
any
Tel +
49
. 202
. 45
95
8 -
17
Fax
+ 49
. 20
2 . 4
5 95
8 -
30
ww
w.s
cp-c
entr
e.or
g
Che
ryl H
icks
, Pro
ject
Dire
ctor
: che
ryl.h
icks
@sc
p-ce
ntre
.org
N
ora
Brü
ggem
ann,
Pro
ject
Man
ager
: nor
a.br
uegg
eman
n@sc
p-ce
ntre
.org
Pro
ject
Con
sort
ium
: A
shok
a, B
elgi
um a
nd F
ranc
e D
emos
Hel
sink
i (D
emos
), Fi
nlan
d Ec
oins
titut
Bar
celo
na (E
CO
I), S
pain
En
ergy
rese
arch
Cen
tre
of th
e N
ethe
rland
s (E
CN
) Eu
roH
ealth
Net
P
olite
cnic
o di
Mila
no (P
olim
i), It
aly
Reg
iona
l Env
ironm
enta
l Cen
ter f
or C
EE c
ount
ries
(REC
), H
unga
ry
The
Inte
rnat
iona
l Ins
titut
e fo
r Ind
ustr
ial E
nviro
nmen
tal E
cono
mic
s at
Lun
d U
nive
rsity
(ULU
ND
), S
wed
en
The
Nor
ther
n A
llian
ce fo
r Sus
tain
abili
ty (A
NP
ED),
Bel
gium
E
C D
esk
Offi
cer:
P
erla
Sro
ur-G
ando
n, D
omen
ico
Ros
sett
i di V
alda
lber
o
Dur
atio
n: 1
Jan
uary
201
1 to
31
Dec
embe
r 201
2
Fund
ing
sche
me:
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on’s
Sev
enth
Fra
mew
ork
Pro
gram
me
(Coo
rdin
atio
n an
d S
uppo
rt A
ctio
n):
Soc
io-e
cono
mic
Sci
ence
s an
d H
uman
ities
Bud
get:
EU c
ontr
ibut
ion
1,42
3,08
2 �
Web
site
: ww
w.s
usta
inab
le-l
ifest
yles
.eu
Onl
ine
com
mun
ity: w
ww
.sus
tain
able
-life
styl
es.e
u/co
mm
unity
Sus
tain
able
Lif
esty
les
2050
Pro
ject
Coo
rdin
ator
Fund
ing
Sch
eme
Pro
ject
Con
sort
ium
Con
tent
sW
hat i
s S
PR
EA
D S
usta
inab
le L
ifest
yles
205
0 3
U
nsus
tain
able
life
styl
e im
pact
s to
be
over
com
e
by
205
0: K
ey fi
ndin
gs o
f the
pro
ject
’s
ba
selin
e re
sear
ch
4
Our
sce
nario
s on
sus
tain
able
life
styl
es
6
The
back
cast
ing
met
hod
7
The
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
= 8
000
kg p
er a
nnum
8
Fo
ur s
cena
rios,
two
criti
cal u
ncer
tain
ties
10
H
ow d
id w
e ge
t her
e?
12
Four
sce
nario
s to
sus
tain
able
life
styl
es 2
012–
2050
Sin
gula
r Sup
er C
ham
pion
s 15
Gov
erni
ng th
e C
omm
ons
25
Lo
cal L
oops
35
Empa
thet
ic C
omm
uniti
es
45
Com
parin
g fo
ur a
ltern
ativ
e sc
enar
ios
on
sus
tain
able
life
styl
es
M
atrix
on
lifes
tyle
diff
eren
ces
in
th
e fo
ur s
cena
rios
56
H
ow d
id th
e S
PR
EAD
sce
nario
s re
ach
lifes
tyle
s of
800
0 kg
mat
eria
l foo
tprin
t?
58
App
endi
x A
: SP
REA
D S
usta
inab
le L
ifest
yles
20
50 D
elph
i sur
vey
Que
stio
nnai
res
60
App
endi
x B
: SP
REA
D S
usta
inab
le L
ifest
yles
20
50 C
ount
ing
Bac
kwar
ds W
orks
hop
62
R
efer
ence
s 63
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 3
Wha
t is
SPR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
SP
RE
AD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
is a
Eur
o-pe
an s
ocia
l pla
tfor
m p
roje
ct r
unni
ng fr
om J
anu-
ary
2011
to D
ecem
ber
2012
. Diff
eren
t soc
ieta
l st
akeh
olde
rs –
from
bus
ines
s, r
esea
rch,
pol
icy
and
civi
l soc
iety
– h
ave
been
invi
ted
to p
artic
i-pa
te in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f a v
isio
n fo
r su
stai
n-
able
life
styl
es in
205
0. T
his
proc
ess
will
res
ult i
n a
road
map
for
stra
tegi
c ac
tion
that
will
iden
tify
oppo
rtun
ity s
pace
s fo
r po
licy,
bus
ines
s, r
e-se
arch
and
civ
il so
ciet
y to
take
act
ion
to e
nabl
e m
ore
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
s ac
ross
Eur
ope.
How
to s
prea
d su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les?
B
ased
on
Gee
ls 2
002
Land
scap
e le
vel
Reg
ime
leve
l
Nic
he le
vel
Pro
mis
ing
pr
actic
eP
rom
isin
g
prac
tice
Soc
ieta
l val
ues,
ov
eral
l par
adig
ms,
m
egat
rend
s
Em
bedd
ing
Mul
tipl
ying
Up
scal
ing
Mar
kets
, S
cien
ce,
Pol
icie
sM
arke
ts,
Sci
ence
, P
olic
ies
Mar
kets
, S
cien
ce,
Pol
icie
s
How
doe
s it w
ork?
Com
men
ts
Com
men
ts
Consum
ing
Consum
ing
• col
lect
ive
kitc
hens
ope
n to
food
-gro
up m
embe
rs a
re d
i! us
ed a
ll ar
ound
the
city
. Foo
d fa
cilit
ies a
re in
fact
serv
ices
that
allo
w p
eopl
e to
save
tim
e in
pre
parin
g fo
od w
hile
incr
easin
g th
e qu
ality
of f
ood
prep
ared
;• e
very
food
faci
lity
gath
ers a
food
gro
up th
at a
gree
s on
a w
eekl
y fo
od
sche
me:
eac
h m
embe
r is i
n ch
arge
of p
repa
ring
a sp
eci"
c co
urse
of a
m
eal,
and
cook
s it f
or a
ll th
e m
embe
rs. I
n re
turn
he/
she
rece
ives
the
port
ions
of t
he o
ther
cou
rses
pre
pare
d by
the
othe
r mem
bers
.
“...to
rtill
as a
re th
e on
ly fo
od I’
m re
ally
qui
te g
ood
at a
nd,
luck
ily, t
hey
are
quite
ver
satil
e. To
day
I hav
e pr
epar
ed st
ewed
ve
geta
bles
as !
llin
g an
d …
voilà
.. a
perf
ect d
ish!
.. Ph
ilip
prep
ared
the
sala
d, a
nd M
aria
the
dess
ert.
A fu
ll di
nner
is !
nally
re
ady
for m
e an
d m
y lit
tle Jo
dy: I
just
nee
d to
pic
k it
up fr
om th
e fo
od fa
cilit
y an
d la
y th
e ta
ble.”
Edua
rdo,
41,
des
igne
r, si
ngle
par
ent w
ith a
dau
ghte
r
FOO
D F
ACIL
ITY
How
doe
s it w
ork?
• the
mix
of f
ood
prod
uctio
n ha
s cha
nged
: dom
estic
pro
duct
ion,
co
ndom
iniu
m u
rban
farm
ing
area
s, ne
ighb
orho
od, p
eri-u
rban
and
na
tiona
l pro
duct
ion
and
som
e in
tern
atio
nal i
mpo
rtat
ion
• it i
s cal
led
urba
n fo
od d
istric
t pla
nnin
g. T
he c
ity is
now
div
ided
into
fo
od d
istric
ts th
at m
ust b
e as
self-
su#
cien
t as p
ossib
le. E
ach
food
di
stric
t rel
ies f
or a
cer
tain
quo
ta o
n se
lf pr
oduc
tion
of fo
od a
nd fo
r th
e re
st o
n lo
cal f
arm
s and
pro
duce
rs.
• urb
an n
eigh
borh
oods
are
twin
ned
with
per
i-urb
an fa
rms a
nd fo
od-
hubs
so th
at fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n an
d co
nsum
ptio
n ar
e re
late
d, m
utua
l co
mm
itmen
t and
mut
ual r
espo
nsib
ility
.• a
wel
l con
nect
ed fo
od su
pply
cha
in is
nec
essa
ry, w
hich
can
hel
p co
nsum
ers g
et th
e cl
oses
t res
ourc
es a
nd sw
itch
with
a c
erta
in
$ exi
bilit
y;
“…w
e ha
ve th
e ch
ance
to li
ve in
a ci
ty w
here
the
mun
icip
ality
ha
s dec
ided
to in
trod
uce
the
food
dis
tric
t pla
nnin
g in
itiat
ive.
O
ur fo
od m
ix m
ust b
e at
leas
t nea
rly 5
0% lo
cally
pro
duce
d an
d 10
% se
lf-pr
oduc
ed a
mon
g ne
ighb
ours
: gar
lic is
gro
win
g on
the
balc
ony,
cucu
mbe
rs d
owns
tairs
, tom
atoe
s com
e fr
om
neig
hbou
rs’ v
eget
able
gar
dens
, com
mut
ers b
ring
fres
h da
iry
prod
ucts
from
subu
rban
are
as in
to d
ownt
own.
I stil
l go
to lo
cal
supe
rmar
kets
, onc
e in
a w
hile
I may
buy
som
e im
port
ed fo
od…
”
Mar
tha,
36,
mot
her o
f a 3
child
ren
fam
ily
URB
AN
FO
OD
D
ISTR
ICT
PLA
NN
ING
Com
men
ts
Com
men
ts
Living
Living
How
doe
s it w
ork?
• sus
tain
able
act
ive
educ
atio
n go
es th
roug
h th
e no
rmal
edu
catio
n ci
rcle
, act
ivity
bas
ed le
arni
ng p
roje
cts h
ave
beco
me
part
of t
he
form
al e
duca
tion
met
hod;
• •fa
rmin
g cl
asse
s and
oth
er b
asic
kno
wle
dge
arou
nd su
stai
nabl
e fo
od
are
man
dato
ry a
t eve
ry e
duca
tion
leve
l to
prep
are
awar
e ci
tizen
s abl
e to
take
par
t act
ivel
y in
co-
prod
uctio
n of
the
food
they
will
eat
; • t
he c
lass
room
is n
o lo
nger
the
only
pla
ce to
lear
n. S
choo
l cam
puse
s ar
e de
velo
ped
with
farm
ing,
food
tran
sfor
mat
ion
and
prep
arat
ion
faci
litie
s;• s
choo
l can
teen
s are
supp
lied
with
veg
etab
les c
ultiv
ated
in th
e ga
rden
.
Ivan
, 15-
year
-old
, mid
dle
scho
ol st
uden
t“…
In o
ur sc
hool
ther
e is
a v
eget
able
gar
den
whe
re I’
ve
been
att
endi
ng fa
rmin
g cl
ass s
ince
prim
ary
scho
ol, a
nd I’
ve
alw
ays d
one
ver
y w
ell.
I kno
w lo
ts o
f loc
al cr
ops a
nd fa
rmin
g kn
owle
dge.
The
teac
hers
teac
h us
how
to p
lant
and
har
vest
, we
have
regu
lar f
arm
ing
wor
k in
the
vege
tabl
e ga
rden
, and
our
ge
nera
tion
feel
s the
refo
re p
erfe
ctly
com
fort
able
with
taki
ng
part
in u
rban
farm
ing
to p
rodu
ce o
n th
e sp
ot p
art o
f the
frui
ts
and
vegg
ies w
e co
nsum
e...”
ACTI
VE F
ARM
ING
CLA
SSES
How
doe
s it w
ork?
• job
s are
des
igne
d as
far a
s pos
sible
to a
llow
rem
ote
wor
king
and
re
duce
com
mut
ing
in c
ities
;• n
eigh
bour
hood
s are
equ
ippe
d w
ith d
i! er
ent t
ypes
of d
istan
t w
orki
ng fa
cilit
ies;
• soc
ializ
atio
n is
a m
ix o
f loc
al a
nd re
mot
e co
nnec
tions
with
dist
ant
wor
king
par
tner
s and
nei
ghbo
urs e
mpl
oyed
by
di! e
rent
com
pani
es;
• whe
re y
ou w
ork
is m
ore
and
mor
e pe
rcei
ved
as c
ompl
etel
y de
tach
ed
from
who
you
wor
k fo
r;• p
eopl
e en
joy
chan
ging
soci
al/p
hysic
al e
nviro
nmen
ts e
spec
ially
for
borin
g ta
sks.
“...w
here
am
I goi
ng to
wor
k to
day?
It’s
a qu
estio
n I a
sk m
ysel
f ne
arly
eve
ry m
orni
ng: w
e ha
ve p
lent
y of
co-w
orki
ng o
ptio
ns a
t a
wal
king
dis
tanc
e in
the
area
. I u
sed
to g
o to
som
e of
the
wor
k-ca
fés w
hen
I sta
rted
my
! rst
job:
a m
essy
env
ironm
ent,
lots
of
peop
le to
mee
t! N
ow I p
refe
r to
cycl
e to
l the
par
k to
chan
ge
atm
osph
ere
or st
ay o
n th
e ! r
st "
oor o
f the
cond
omin
ium
whe
re
my
old
mum
live
s 2 b
lock
s aw
ay...”
Wan
g Yo
ng, 2
4, a
gent
in a
call
cent
er
REM
OTE
CO
-WO
RKIN
G S
PACE
S
How
doe
s it w
ork?
Com
men
ts
Com
men
ts
Society
Society
How
doe
s it w
ork?
• goi
ng to
pub
lic/p
rivat
e ho
spita
l is g
ettin
g m
ore
and
mor
e ex
pens
ive
and
also
car
ries t
he ri
sk o
f con
trac
ting
dise
ases
whe
n st
ayin
g in
ho
spita
l;• f
or n
on-e
mer
genc
ies,
hom
e ho
spita
l is t
he n
orm
: sta
ying
at h
ome
and
supp
orte
d by
a se
ries o
f rem
ote
heal
th m
easu
re d
evic
es, r
ente
d se
lf-m
edic
atio
n ap
plia
nces
and
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d so
cial
car
e ne
twor
ks;
• hea
lth c
are
prov
ider
s pro
vide
ong
oing
med
ical
supp
ort a
t hom
e an
d re
mot
e tr
eatm
ent w
ith a
ppro
pria
te te
chno
logy
;• ‘
eHea
lth’ h
elps
to in
crea
se p
ublic
med
ical
kno
wle
dge
and
part
icip
atio
n in
trea
tmen
t also
redu
cing
hea
lth c
osts
;• e
spec
ially
chr
onic
pat
ient
s and
eld
erly
peo
ple
can
stay
at h
ome
for
long
er.
“...g
oing
to h
ospi
tal n
owad
ays m
ostly
mea
ns st
ayin
g at
hom
e!
But a
t hom
e I c
an m
eet t
he d
octo
r on
line
and
get t
he su
ppor
t of
the
neig
hbor
hood
soci
al ca
re n
etw
ork.
. I ca
n be
supp
orte
d al
so
by a
serie
s of r
emot
e he
alth
mea
sure
dev
ices
, sel
f-med
icat
ion
appl
ianc
es te
mpo
raril
y re
nted
from
the
loca
l hea
lth ca
re ce
nter
, an
d ge
t adv
ice
from
form
er p
atie
nts f
rom
the
neig
hbor
hood
...”
Gia
nna,
68-
year
-old
, sub
urba
n in
habi
tant
, ret
ired
HO
ME
HO
SPIT
AL
• hug
e co
sts i
nduc
ed b
y ba
d su
stai
nabl
e m
anag
emen
t and
ca
tast
roph
e re
late
d in
crea
ses i
nduc
e pe
ople
to p
ay m
ore
and
mor
e at
tent
ion
to w
hat i
s don
e w
ith th
eir m
oney
;• a
fter m
any
! nan
cial
cris
es d
ue to
lack
of i
nves
tmen
t reg
ulat
ions
, tr
ansp
aren
cy is
the
norm
that
also
ben
e! ts
sust
aina
ble
proj
ects
;• s
usta
inab
le re
spon
sibili
ty, e
thic
al w
ealth
and
fair
bank
ing
crite
ria
is th
e no
rm o
n th
e ! n
anci
al m
arke
t; in
vest
men
ts a
re m
ade
only
for
sust
aina
ble
prop
osal
s.
“…ta
xes o
n pe
rson
al in
com
e ro
se li
ke m
ad to
cove
r dro
ught
s he
re a
nd ts
unam
is th
ere
and
cata
stro
phes
aft
er si
lly
urba
niza
tion
proj
ects
in m
ega-
citie
s: no
w I p
refe
r to
earn
less
, w
ith g
reen
and
fair
inve
stm
ents
but
I wan
t to
know
wha
t my
mon
ey is
use
d fo
r and
I wan
t to
be a
ble
to ju
dge
mys
elf i
f the
pr
ojec
ts !
nanc
ed w
ill b
e go
od o
r not
for t
he fu
ture
of m
y ki
ds…
”
Andr
ea, 3
7-ye
ar-o
ld, f
athe
r of t
he 3
child
ren
fam
ily
CLEA
N M
ON
EY
How
doe
s it w
ork?
Com
men
ts
Com
men
ts
Mov
ing
Mov
ing
How
doe
s it w
ork?
• urb
an p
lann
ing
tow
ards
less
car
acc
essib
le n
eigh
borh
oods
, mix
ed
livin
g an
d co
mm
erci
al z
ones
ena
blin
g m
ore
wal
king
and
cyc
ling;
• dev
elop
men
t of r
entin
g sc
hem
es fo
r di!
eren
t siz
ed tr
olle
ys fo
r th
e tr
ansp
orta
tion
of g
oods
by
pede
stria
ns, f
rom
sim
ple
wee
kly
shop
ping
to se
cond
han
d fu
rnitu
re e
xcha
nge
or m
ovin
g ho
me
at
wal
king
dist
ance
;• p
arki
ng st
atio
ns, w
here
trol
leys
can
be
rent
ed fo
r tra
nspo
rt a
nd
retu
rned
, are
ava
ilabl
e in
all
supe
rblo
cks i
n th
e ci
ty.
“…no
rmal
ly g
et o
ur w
eekl
y ve
ggie
box
del
iver
ed to
our
hom
e,
I jus
t tak
e a
little
trol
ley
from
the
corn
er st
atio
n an
d ta
ke it
ba
ck to
the
stat
ion
just
bel
ow th
e ho
use;
but
toda
y, g
iven
all
the
shop
ping
for t
he p
arty
, we
need
at l
east
a ca
rgo-
trol
ley,
the
sam
e as
we
used
to m
ove
gran
dma
from
her
form
er !
at to
the
room
nea
r whe
re w
e liv
e no
w…
”
Tanj
a, 2
9, si
ngle
mot
her o
f tw
o ch
ildre
n
URB
AN
MO
BILI
TY O
F G
OO
DS
• den
si" c
atio
n of
citi
es a
nd n
ew u
rban
izat
ion
mod
els l
imit
meg
a ci
ties
and
urba
n sp
raw
l;• p
rom
otio
n of
med
ium
size
den
se u
rban
env
ironm
ents
with
den
se
publ
ic tr
ansp
ort s
yste
ms i
nfra
stru
ctur
e in
side
the
city
and
hig
h-sp
eed
trai
n co
nnec
tions
bet
wee
n ci
ties;
• urb
an p
lann
ing
stan
dard
s bas
ed o
n su
cces
sion
of h
igh
dens
ity
lodg
ing
and
zero
den
sity
gree
n/le
isure
are
as;
• new
arc
hite
ctur
e m
ovem
ents
follo
win
g id
eas l
ike ‘
dow
n to
wn
in th
e fo
rest
’ or ‘
the
high
-rise
/urb
an a
gric
ultu
re m
ix’...
• cha
ngin
g th
e re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n pa
rks a
nd g
reen
are
as w
ithin
ur
ban
plan
ning
as a
pat
tern
mad
e of
hig
h-ris
e bl
ocks
and
fore
sts
bloc
ks.
“…I a
m li
ving
in a
hig
h-ris
e vi
llage
in th
e fo
rest
: it l
ooks
a b
it lik
e yo
u’ve
take
n so
me
bloc
ks o
f Man
hatt
an a
nd se
ttle
d th
em d
eep
in th
e fo
rest
in C
ornw
all.
At th
e be
ginn
ing
I did
into
bel
ieve
that
th
is ‘z
ero
dens
ity’ b
reat
hing
zone
s pla
nnin
g w
ould
be
resp
ecte
d.
Now
I hav
e th
e o"
er o
f a re
al ci
ty in
term
s of w
ork
oppo
rtun
ities
an
d cu
ltura
l life
at a
wal
king
dis
tanc
e an
d su
rrou
nded
by
real
w
oods
or w
heat
# el
ds. A
nd I t
ake
the
spee
d tr
ain
if re
ally
I hav
e to
go
to th
e ne
xt h
igh-
rise
villa
ge...”
Mis
aku,
31,
phy
sici
an
HIG
H-R
ISE
VILL
AGES
How
doe
s it w
ork?
Com
men
ts
Com
men
ts
Society
Society
How
doe
s it w
ork?
• goi
ng to
pub
lic/p
rivat
e ho
spita
l is g
ettin
g m
ore
and
mor
e ex
pens
ive
and
also
car
ries t
he ri
sk o
f con
trac
ting
dise
ases
whe
n st
ayin
g in
ho
spita
l;• f
or n
on-e
mer
genc
ies,
hom
e ho
spita
l is t
he n
orm
: sta
ying
at h
ome
and
supp
orte
d by
a se
ries o
f rem
ote
heal
th m
easu
re d
evic
es, r
ente
d se
lf-m
edic
atio
n ap
plia
nces
and
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d so
cial
car
e ne
twor
ks;
• hea
lth c
are
prov
ider
s pro
vide
ong
oing
med
ical
supp
ort a
t hom
e an
d re
mot
e tr
eatm
ent w
ith a
ppro
pria
te te
chno
logy
;• ‘
eHea
lth’ h
elps
to in
crea
se p
ublic
med
ical
kno
wle
dge
and
part
icip
atio
n in
trea
tmen
t also
redu
cing
hea
lth c
osts
;• e
spec
ially
chr
onic
pat
ient
s and
eld
erly
peo
ple
can
stay
at h
ome
for
long
er.
“...g
oing
to h
ospi
tal n
owad
ays m
ostly
mea
ns st
ayin
g at
hom
e!
But a
t hom
e I c
an m
eet t
he d
octo
r on
line
and
get t
he su
ppor
t of
the
neig
hbor
hood
soci
al ca
re n
etw
ork.
. I ca
n be
supp
orte
d al
so
by a
serie
s of r
emot
e he
alth
mea
sure
dev
ices
, sel
f-med
icat
ion
appl
ianc
es te
mpo
raril
y re
nted
from
the
loca
l hea
lth ca
re ce
nter
, an
d ge
t adv
ice
from
form
er p
atie
nts f
rom
the
neig
hbor
hood
...”
Gia
nna,
68-
year
-old
, sub
urba
n in
habi
tant
, ret
ired
HO
ME
HO
SPIT
AL
• hug
e co
sts i
nduc
ed b
y ba
d su
stai
nabl
e m
anag
emen
t and
ca
tast
roph
e re
late
d in
crea
ses i
nduc
e pe
ople
to p
ay m
ore
and
mor
e at
tent
ion
to w
hat i
s don
e w
ith th
eir m
oney
;• a
fter m
any
! nan
cial
cris
es d
ue to
lack
of i
nves
tmen
t reg
ulat
ions
, tr
ansp
aren
cy is
the
norm
that
also
ben
e! ts
sust
aina
ble
proj
ects
;• s
usta
inab
le re
spon
sibili
ty, e
thic
al w
ealth
and
fair
bank
ing
crite
ria
is th
e no
rm o
n th
e ! n
anci
al m
arke
t; in
vest
men
ts a
re m
ade
only
for
sust
aina
ble
prop
osal
s.
“…ta
xes o
n pe
rson
al in
com
e ro
se li
ke m
ad to
cove
r dro
ught
s he
re a
nd ts
unam
is th
ere
and
cata
stro
phes
aft
er si
lly
urba
niza
tion
proj
ects
in m
ega-
citie
s: no
w I p
refe
r to
earn
less
, w
ith g
reen
and
fair
inve
stm
ents
but
I wan
t to
know
wha
t my
mon
ey is
use
d fo
r and
I wan
t to
be a
ble
to ju
dge
mys
elf i
f the
pr
ojec
ts !
nanc
ed w
ill b
e go
od o
r not
for t
he fu
ture
of m
y ki
ds…
”
Andr
ea, 3
7-ye
ar-o
ld, f
athe
r of t
he 3
child
ren
fam
ily
CLEA
N M
ON
EY
How
doe
s it w
ork?
How
doe
s it w
ork?
Com
men
ts
Com
men
ts
Consum
ing
Consum
ing
• mea
t onc
e a
wee
k in
a v
eget
aria
n di
et is
the
norm
;• t
he w
eekl
y m
eat f
east
, Sun
day
is th
e ce
lebr
atio
n da
y fo
r mea
t, fe
asts
ar
e or
gani
zed
at h
ome;
• mea
t is g
ettin
g m
ore
expe
nsiv
e, so
it is
act
ually
a p
leas
ure
and
luxu
ry
that
can
be
a! o
rded
onl
y on
ce a
wee
k;
• a lo
w-a
nim
al p
rote
in d
iet h
as b
een
prom
oted
by
both
gov
ernm
ents
an
d so
cial
com
mun
ities
due
to fo
od c
risis,
eco
nom
ic re
ason
s and
ne
cess
ary
shift
to m
ore
sust
aina
ble
food
con
sum
ptio
n.
“…al
l the
fam
ily g
athe
rs to
geth
er in
gra
ndm
a’s h
ouse
on
Sund
ay m
orni
ng, t
o ce
lebr
ate
the
mea
t fea
st. G
rand
ma
cook
s so
me
trad
ition
al m
eat d
ishe
s tha
t I d
on’t
eat s
o of
ten.
.. Us
ually
at
hom
e w
e do
not
eat
mea
t and
at s
choo
l we
have
a g
reen
-ve
geta
ble
cant
een.
.. It
is g
ood
to e
njoy
som
e m
eat o
nce
in a
w
hile
. I’ll
try
not t
o ea
t too
muc
h to
day.
..”
Lily
, 10
year
old
, prim
ary
scho
ol g
irl, d
escr
ibin
g Su
nday
mea
t fe
ast a
t gra
ndm
a’s p
lace
THE
MEA
T FE
AST
• the
Wise
Per
sona
l Foo
d Sh
oppe
r sys
tem
can
ana
lyze
use
r’s g
enet
ic
data
and
" t a
hea
lthy
diet
to h
is/he
r foo
d ch
oice
s;• t
he sy
stem
can
be
acce
ssed
from
any
por
tabl
e de
vice
in e
very
food
re
tail
plac
e an
d re
stau
rant
;• t
he d
evic
e di
spla
ys p
rope
rtie
s of f
ood
the
user
wou
ld li
ke to
eat
or
purc
hase
; inc
lude
s it i
n th
e di
et b
alan
ce; s
how
s qua
ntity
nee
ded/
allo
wed
; • i
t hel
ps to
mak
e sm
art a
nd ri
ght p
urch
ase
choi
ces,
to ra
ise in
divi
dual
aw
aren
ess o
f res
pons
ible
die
t, co
nsum
e le
ss h
igh-
calo
rie fo
od, m
ore
loca
l foo
d, o
rgan
ic fo
od…
and
enh
ance
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
s…
“...I
have
just
reco
vere
d fr
om su
rger
y an
d w
ith th
e m
ix o
f dru
gs
for a
fter
trea
tmen
t I ca
n on
ly e
at ce
rtai
n ki
nds o
f foo
d...
The
ho
spita
l lea
se m
e a
Wis
e Pe
rson
al F
ood
Shop
per s
et to
my
exac
t die
t and
it’s
a re
lief w
hen
doin
g m
y sh
oppi
ng. I
feel
safe
fo
r obs
ervi
ng m
y di
et a
nd w
ith co
mbi
ned
reci
pes s
ugge
sted
, co
okin
g le
sson
s and
info
rmat
ion
on fo
od o
rigin
s it’s
als
o m
uch
easi
er to
ach
ieve
a su
stai
nabl
e di
et. I
thin
k I w
ill u
se it
als
o af
ter
the
end
of th
e th
erap
y as
a g
uide
in m
y da
ily li
fe…
”
Elis
a, 5
8-ye
ar-o
ld, c
itize
n
W.P
.F.S
. WIS
E PE
RSO
NA
L FO
OD
SH
OPP
ER
How
doe
s it w
ork?
Com
men
ts
Com
men
ts
Living
Living
• sus
tain
abili
ty e
duca
tion
is em
bedd
ed in
dai
ly li
ving
in th
e fo
rm o
f ac
tive
educ
atio
n, p
roje
ct b
ased
lear
ning
...;• f
riend
ly p
erio
ds sp
ent i
n co
ntac
t with
the
real
wor
ld fo
rm th
e ba
sis o
f ‘le
arni
ng fo
r life
’ edu
catio
n;• ‘
lear
ning
for l
ife’, m
eani
ng a
cqui
ring
basic
kno
wle
dge
on n
atur
al
cycl
es, b
io-d
iver
sity,
rege
nera
tion
proc
esse
s, se
lf-pr
oduc
tion.
.. ta
kes p
lace
on
the
! eld
, in
cont
act w
ith c
omm
uniti
es, f
amili
es,
prof
essio
nals.
..;• m
any
publ
ic a
nd p
rivat
e in
stitu
tions
dea
ling
with
sust
aina
ble
issue
s pr
ovid
e ba
sic e
duca
tion
on to
p of
thei
r mai
n ac
tiviti
es.
“...T
he cu
rric
ulum
for s
usta
inab
le e
duca
tion
in o
ur sc
hool
is
base
d on
25
mic
ro-in
tern
ship
s per
yea
r con
sist
ing
in d
ay o
r hal
f-da
y tr
ips t
o or
gani
c far
ms,
re-d
esig
n an
d re
cycl
ing
com
pani
es,
new
trad
ition
al cr
afts
man
wor
ksho
ps, w
ild li
fe p
rote
ctio
n pr
ojec
ts, h
uman
itaria
n pr
ogra
ms..
. whe
re w
e ge
t in
touc
h an
d le
arn
the
basi
cs a
bout
gro
win
g fo
od, p
rovi
ding
goo
ds a
nd
serv
ice,
self-
prod
uctio
n, n
atur
e pr
eser
vatio
n…”
Jenn
y, 9
yea
r old
, prim
ary
scho
ol p
upil
SUST
AIN
ABL
E CO
MPA
NIO
NSH
IP
How
doe
s it w
ork?
• str
ivin
g to
stee
r gen
eral
beh
avio
ur to
war
ds su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les
cons
titut
es a
di"
used
dyn
amic
con
text
pro
vidi
ng le
arni
ng
oppo
rtun
ities
at a
ny m
omen
t in
daily
livi
ng;
• the
syst
em w
orks
by
rew
ardi
ng g
ood
beha
viou
r• p
erva
sive
IT in
pro
duct
s and
aug
men
ted
envi
ronm
ents
pro
vide
s fe
edba
ck to
stim
ulat
e su
stai
nabl
e liv
ing,
whi
ch p
lays
as a
teac
hing
en
viro
nmen
t tha
t cha
nges
acc
ordi
ng to
age
and
situ
atio
n;• d
istan
ce le
arni
ng, u
sing
mor
e tr
aditi
onal
form
s of e
duca
tion,
ena
bles
st
ill o
pen
ques
tions
to b
e an
swer
ed a
nd in
tegr
ates
all
the
know
ledg
e in
the
stud
ent p
ortfo
lio;
• thi
s lea
rnin
g pr
oces
s sta
rts w
ith p
rimar
y ed
ucat
ion
and
goes
on
for
life.
“...k
ids n
o lo
nger
rely
onl
y on
scho
ols f
or th
eir e
duca
tion:
th
e la
yer o
f IT
embe
dded
in o
ur d
aily
life
is p
rovi
ding
a v
ery
resp
onsi
ve a
nd d
i! us
ed d
idac
tic e
nviro
nmen
t for
them
and
su
stai
nabi
lity
issu
es a
re p
rese
nt e
very
whe
re in
the
day-
to-d
ay
envi
ronm
ent,
from
the
ener
gy sm
art m
eter
dis
play
at h
ome
to
the
wat
er h
arve
stin
g co
ntro
l sys
tem
in th
e ne
ighb
orho
od, f
rom
th
e in
term
odal
mob
ility
org
aniz
er to
the
dist
ribut
ed a
ir qu
ality
co
ntro
l sch
eme.
..Eve
ryth
ing
wor
ks fo
r the
m ju
st li
ke a
rew
ard-
base
d ga
me
to p
lay.”
Arol
d, 4
4 ye
ars o
ld, p
rimar
y sc
hool
coac
h
LIFE
-LO
NG
SU
STA
INA
BILI
TY L
EARN
ING
How
doe
s it w
ork?
Com
men
ts
Mov
ing
• aut
omat
ic c
ars w
ithou
t driv
er;
• ded
icat
ed o
nlin
e an
d m
obile
app
licat
ion
for f
ully
per
sona
lized
pat
h;• m
arke
t-ba
sed
serv
ice:
par
tner
ship
bet
wee
n te
leco
mm
unic
atio
ns
com
pani
es, p
rivat
e ta
xis a
nd lo
cal t
rans
port
com
pani
es
“..I l
ove
my
wor
k an
d I l
ove
to h
ave
and
give
all
the
best
I can
. I’m
use
d to
reac
hing
clie
nts a
nd I l
ove
to b
e e!
cie
nt a
nd to
sp
end
with
cust
omer
s all
the
time
need
ed to
get
in tu
ne a
nd in
or
der t
o es
tabl
ish
a pl
easa
nt re
latio
nshi
p. T
hat’s
why
I usu
ally
m
ove
arou
nd th
e ci
ty b
y th
e Lu
xury
taxi
serv
ice,
it is
bril
liant
! M
y pr
ovid
er o
" ers
the
serv
ice
incl
uded
in th
e bu
sine
ss m
obile
ac
coun
t: au
tom
atic
supe
rcar
s with
out d
river
s brin
g yo
u ev
eryw
here
acc
ordi
ng to
per
sona
lized
pat
hs th
at y
ou ca
n pl
an
and
rede
# ne
alon
g th
e w
ay…
”
Cint
hia,
45,
prê
t a p
orte
r sty
list
LUXU
RY TA
XI S
ERVI
CE
Com
men
tsH
ow d
oes i
t wor
k?
Mov
ing
• mul
ti-sit
s ped
al-p
ower
ed sc
hool
bus
and
tran
spor
t ser
vice
s with
di
! ere
nt se
ats a
nd ra
tes f
or th
e ne
ighb
orho
od;
• cle
an e
nerg
y pr
oduc
tion
for t
rans
port
atio
n;• e
co-m
inde
d sc
hool
bus
and
edu
catio
nal a
spec
t of t
he se
rvic
e (s
tren
gthe
ning
aw
aren
ess)
.
“…I h
urt m
ysel
f pla
ying
and
I hav
e m
y le
g in
pla
ster
. Eve
ry
mor
ning
, whe
n I g
o to
scho
ol w
ith m
y sc
hool
-mat
es th
ey ri
de
the
peda
l veh
icle
as u
sual
pro
duci
ng a
lot o
f ene
rgy,
whi
le I’
m
sitt
ing
in th
e se
ats w
ithou
t ped
als n
ear M
iss M
arpl
e, th
e ol
d ne
ighb
our w
ith th
at st
rang
e sm
ell…
I’m lo
okin
g fo
rwar
d to
go
ing
ridin
g!...
”
Fabi
o, 5
yea
rs o
ld, d
isab
led
child
MU
LTI-S
ITS
PED
AL
VEH
ICLE
S
How
doe
s it w
ork?
How
doe
s it w
ork?
Com
men
ts
Com
men
ts
Society
Society
• ! n
d he
lp fr
om th
ose
arou
nd y
ou: w
ho is
whe
re a
nd a
vaila
ble
to d
o w
hat;
• loc
al b
ound
s are
stre
ngth
ened
by
mea
ns o
f com
mun
icat
ion
tool
s, in
telli
gent
sens
ors a
nd g
eo-lo
caliz
atio
n de
vice
s;• a
ctiv
ate
inst
ant s
uppo
rt a
nd c
lose
hel
p in
cas
e of
nee
d;• d
istric
t per
sona
l net
wor
ks a
re e
stab
lishe
d.
“I m
oved
yes
terd
ay, e
very
thin
g se
ems f
resh
to m
e, sa
dly
agai
n,
my
desk
lam
p w
as b
roke
n th
is m
orni
ng, I
shou
ld ch
ange
the
light
bul
b im
med
iate
ly, c
ome
on, I
still
hav
e co
mm
itmen
ts to
fu
l! ll
befo
re to
mor
row
. Whe
re ca
n I b
uy a
bul
b ne
arby
? I jo
ined
th
e co
mm
unity
net
wor
k w
hen
I mov
ed h
ere.
May
be I c
an a
sk fo
r he
lp th
ere
…”
Li, 2
5
SELF
EM
POW
ERM
ENT
CIRC
LES
• per
sona
lisat
ion
of m
edic
ines
is n
owad
ays a
stan
dard
pra
ctic
e;• e
very
body
has
a p
erso
nal I
D_D
NA
card
that
con
tain
s: th
eir g
enet
ic
map
and
bio
logi
cal d
ata,
but
also
thei
r dai
ly d
iet,
thei
r hab
its, t
heir
spor
ting
aptit
ude
and
the
hist
ory
of th
eir f
amily
;• e
very
doc
tor o
r spe
cial
ist h
as a
cces
s to
it in
ord
er to
get
a c
ompl
ete
over
view
of t
he p
atie
nt’ li
fe;
• the
car
d en
able
s ful
l per
sona
lisat
ion
of m
edic
ines
and
hea
ling
solu
tions
, com
bini
ng p
harm
aceu
tical
and
soci
al re
med
ies.
“...M
y m
um sa
ys th
at w
hen
I was
bor
n, ju
st b
efor
e go
ing
hom
e fr
om th
e ho
spita
l, sh
e re
ceiv
ed m
y pe
rson
al ID
_DN
A ca
rd. I
t is
a ve
ry sp
ecia
l Id
card
: it c
onta
ins a
ll th
e hi
stor
y of
my
fam
ily
and
it w
ill co
ntai
n al
so m
y hi
stor
y. S
o w
hen
I will
nee
d so
me
med
icin
es, t
he d
octo
rs w
ill a
lread
y kn
ow e
very
thin
g an
d th
ey
will
bui
ld a
spec
ial t
hera
py ju
st fo
r me.
..”
Paol
o, 9
, prim
ary
scho
ol st
uden
t
ID-D
NA
CA
RD
Pro
mis
ing
pr
actic
e
In re
cent
yea
rs, w
e ha
ve w
itnes
sed
the
emer
-ge
nce
of m
ore
sust
aina
ble
prod
ucts
, ser
vice
s an
d ex
perim
enta
l bot
tom
-up
initi
ativ
es. T
hey
have
sig
nale
d ne
w h
ope
that
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e w
ays
of li
ving
are
ach
ieva
ble
for a
ll, w
hile
cel
-eb
ratin
g di
vers
ity, i
n po
st-in
dust
rial s
ocie
ties.
D
espi
te th
ese
deve
lopm
ents
, exi
stin
g pr
omis
ing
sust
aina
ble
livin
g pr
actic
es a
re n
ot e
noug
h. T
hey
rem
ain
dwar
fed
by th
e un
sust
aina
ble
impa
cts
of
the
aver
age
Euro
pean
’s c
urre
nt li
fest
yles
.
To o
verc
ome
the
curr
ent c
halle
nges
of o
ur u
n-su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les,
the
SP
REA
D p
roje
ct h
as
deve
lope
d fu
ture
sce
nario
s of
pos
sibl
e so
ciet
ies
that
sup
port
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e w
ays
of li
ving
.
4 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Uns
usta
inab
le li
fest
yle
impa
cts
to b
e ov
erco
me
by 2
050:
K
ey fi
ndin
gs o
f the
pro
ject
’s
base
line
rese
arch
The
SP
RE
AD
pro
ject
’s jo
urne
y to
futu
re s
ce-
nario
s fo
r m
ore
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
s be
gan
by
taki
ng s
tock
of e
xist
ing
know
ledg
e on
sus
tain
-ab
le li
fest
yles
. Thr
ough
this
initi
al r
esea
rch
we
iden
tified
the
chal
leng
es a
nd b
arrie
rs to
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e liv
ing
toda
y, a
s w
ell a
s pr
omis
ing
tren
ds, d
river
s an
d op
port
uniti
es to
enc
oura
ge
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e w
ays
of li
ving
in th
e fu
ture
. Th
e re
sults
of t
his
base
line
rese
arch
can
be
foun
d in
our
pro
ject
rep
ort,
“Sus
tain
able
Life
-st
yles
: Tod
ay’s
Fac
ts a
nd T
omor
row
’s T
rend
s”.
Mod
ern
Euro
pean
life
styl
es a
re u
nsus
tain
able
. Th
ey h
ave
beco
me
asso
ciat
ed w
ith o
verp
rodu
c-tio
n an
d ov
erco
nsum
ptio
n. T
he im
pact
s of
our
lif
esty
les
are
putt
ing
too
muc
h pr
essu
re o
n ou
r na
tura
l res
ourc
es a
nd h
ave
adve
rse
envi
ronm
en-
tal,
econ
omic
, soc
ial a
nd h
ealth
effe
cts.
The
repo
rt re
veal
s th
at li
fest
yle
and
hous
ehol
d co
nsum
ptio
n fo
rm a
sig
nific
ant p
art o
f soc
iety
’s
envi
ronm
enta
l bur
den
as a
who
le. I
n re
cent
ye
ars,
sus
tain
able
life
styl
e ch
oice
s ha
ve s
tart
ed
to b
ecom
e a
mor
e re
leva
nt a
nd a
cces
sibl
e op
-tio
n fo
r som
e Eu
rope
an c
onsu
mer
s th
anks
to a
ris
e in
loca
lised
soc
ial i
nnov
atio
n ex
perim
ents
, th
e im
prov
ed s
uppl
y of
eco
-effi
cien
t goo
ds a
nd
serv
ices
, and
incr
ease
d co
vera
ge o
f sus
tain
abil-
ity is
sues
in th
e m
edia
rais
ing
awar
enes
s in
the
publ
ic d
ebat
e. W
e ca
ll th
ese
sign
als
of p
rogr
ess,
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 5
“pro
mis
ing
prac
tices
” of
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e liv
ing
prac
tices
, and
they
form
a g
ood
foun
datio
n fo
r ex
plor
ing
the
futu
re o
f sus
tain
able
life
styl
es.
SP
REA
Din
g su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les
in th
e fu
ture
will
re
quire
, on
the
one
hand
, a d
eepe
r und
erst
andi
ng
of h
ow to
sca
le u
p cu
rren
t pro
mis
ing
prac
tices
. O
n th
e ot
her,
we
need
to k
now
how
far t
hese
pr
actic
es w
ill ta
ke u
s to
war
ds s
usta
inab
le li
ving
fo
r all,
and
wha
t kin
ds o
f new
cre
ativ
e so
lutio
ns,
curr
ently
unk
now
n or
“un
thin
kabl
e”, m
ight
get
us
ther
e.
Our
rese
arch
sug
gest
s th
at in
ord
er to
mak
e pr
ogre
ss in
thes
e ar
eas,
that
focu
s sh
ould
be
plac
ed o
n st
rate
gies
to a
ssis
t, m
otiv
ate
and
insp
ire b
ehav
iour
al c
hang
e, a
s w
ell a
s th
e ro
le
of in
fras
truc
ture
and
ena
blin
g su
stai
nabl
e liv
ing
envi
ronm
ents
.
The
scen
ario
s fo
r sus
tain
able
life
styl
es 2
050
pres
ent f
our d
iffer
ent p
roto
type
s of
pos
sibl
e fu
ture
soc
ietie
s th
at a
ll su
ppor
t mor
e su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les.
Our
life
styl
e sc
enar
ios
are
base
d on
the
foun
datio
ns o
f sus
tain
able
sys
tem
s, a
nd e
xplo
re
diffe
rent
opt
ions
in a
n at
tem
pt to
ack
now
ledg
e th
e di
vers
ity a
mon
g Eu
rope
an c
itize
ns.
The
criti
cal i
mpa
cts
of c
urre
nt E
urop
ean
lif
esty
les
are:
Food
and
drin
k, p
rivat
e tr
ansp
ort a
nd h
ous-
ing
toge
ther
acc
ount
for 7
0-80
% o
f Eur
ope’
s en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
stem
min
g fro
m fi
nal
cons
umpt
ion
(Tuk
ker,
A.,
G. H
uppe
s, e
t al.
(200
6)).
Mea
t and
dai
ry c
onsu
mpt
ion
alon
e ac
coun
t fo
r alm
ost o
ne q
uart
er (2
4%) o
f all
final
con
-su
mpt
ion
impa
cts
– by
far t
he la
rges
t sha
re
in th
e fo
od a
nd d
rink
sect
or (W
eide
ma
et a
l. 20
08).
Dom
estic
hea
ting,
wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion,
app
li-an
ce a
nd e
lect
roni
cs u
se a
ccou
nts
for 4
0%
of E
urop
e’s
tota
l ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
(with
he
atin
g al
one
acco
untin
g fo
r 67%
of h
ouse
-ho
ld e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
n in
the
EU-2
7) (E
EA
2010
).
Car
ow
ners
hip
in th
e EU
-27
incr
ease
d by
m
ore
than
one
third
(35%
) in
the
perio
d be
twee
n 19
90 a
nd 2
007
(EEA
201
0) a
nd E
U
driv
ers
curr
ently
ow
n on
e th
ird o
f the
wor
ld’s
75
0 m
illio
n ca
rs (I
EA 2
010)
.
In th
e EU
-27,
app
roxi
mat
ely
60%
of a
dults
an
d ov
er 2
0% o
f sch
ool-a
ge c
hild
ren
are
over
wei
ght o
r obe
se. C
oron
ary
hear
t dis
ease
s (C
HD
) ofte
n as
soci
ated
with
fatt
y fo
ods
and
smok
ing,
rem
ain
the
sing
le m
ost c
omm
on
caus
e of
dea
th in
the
EU (W
HO
201
1).
Ref
eren
ce: F
or m
ore
info
rmat
ion,
ple
ase
read
the
full
SP
REA
D S
usta
inab
le L
ifest
yles
205
0 ba
selin
e re
port
, ava
ilabl
e to
dow
nloa
d fro
m w
ww
.sus
tain
able
-life
styl
es.e
u.
Consuming SocietyLivingMoving
6 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Our
sce
nario
s on
sus
tain
able
life
styl
esTh
e S
PR
EA
D S
usta
inab
le L
ifest
yles
205
0 pr
o-je
ct u
ses
a sc
enar
io m
etho
dolo
gy to
exp
lore
th
e di
vers
e w
ays
for
pote
ntia
l life
styl
e pa
tter
ns
to e
volv
e, a
nd h
ow th
is e
volu
tion
can
over
com
e cu
rren
t har
mfu
l env
ironm
enta
l and
soc
ial l
ife-
styl
e im
pact
s. O
ur s
usta
inab
le li
fest
yle
scen
ario
s ar
e st
orie
s of
pos
sibl
e fu
ture
s w
here
soc
ietie
s su
ppor
t mor
e su
stai
nabl
e w
ays
of li
ving
. The
sc
enar
ios
pres
ent d
iffer
ent o
ptio
ns fo
r su
stai
na-
ble
livin
g ch
oice
s th
at w
ill s
uit t
he d
iver
se n
eeds
, de
sire
s an
d cu
ltura
l con
side
ratio
ns o
f citi
zens
fr
om a
cros
s E
urop
e. T
he fo
ur s
cena
rios
pres
ent
diff
erin
g pa
thw
ays
to r
each
alte
rnat
ive
soci
etie
s w
here
sus
tain
able
way
s of
livi
ng a
re s
uppo
rted
.
Sce
nario
s ar
e no
t pre
dict
ions
or f
orec
asts
but
in
stea
d se
ek to
exp
lore
the
mos
t ext
rem
e po
s-si
bilit
ies,
in o
rder
to h
elp
deci
sion
-mak
ers
plan
for
the
curr
ently
“un
thin
kabl
e”. I
n or
der t
o de
velo
p st
orie
s of
the
futu
re, w
e fir
st i
dent
ified
the
mos
t cr
itica
l var
iabl
es –
the
criti
cal d
river
s ne
cess
ary
to c
reat
e su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les.
Som
e of
the
elem
ents
of o
ur s
cena
rio s
torie
s m
ight
sou
nd
impr
obab
le a
t firs
t. Th
e ai
m o
f our
sce
nario
s is
to
help
thin
k th
e un
thin
kabl
e an
d pl
an fo
r sus
tain
-ab
le o
ptio
ns in
the
futu
re.
The
focu
s of
our
sce
nario
s lie
s pr
imar
ily o
n pe
ople
’s li
fest
yles
. As
peop
le li
ve w
ithin
a s
oci-
ety,
and
with
in g
loba
l and
loca
l sys
tem
s, w
e al
so
iden
tify
syst
em b
ound
arie
s su
ch a
s, g
eopo
litic
s,
natio
nal p
oliti
cs, o
r tec
hnol
ogy
rela
ted
to e
ach
futu
re s
cena
rio. I
t is
clea
r tha
t the
se fa
ctor
s ha
ve
imm
ense
dire
ct a
nd in
dire
ct in
fluen
ce o
n lif
e-st
yles
. How
ever
, her
e th
ey a
re d
ealt
with
onl
y to
th
e ex
tent
that
they
dire
ctly
exp
lain
cha
nges
in
lifes
tyle
pat
tern
s.
We
have
cho
sen
a sp
ecifi
c sc
enar
io m
etho
dol-
ogy
to e
xplo
re d
iffer
ent o
ptio
ns fo
r new
Eur
opea
n so
cial
mod
els
that
enc
oura
ge s
usta
inab
le li
fe-
styl
es in
205
0. W
e fu
rthe
r out
line
our m
etho
dol-
ogy
here
:
1.
Our
sce
nario
s ai
m to
dem
onst
rate
how
va
rious
situ
atio
nal a
nd b
ehav
iour
al fa
ctor
s co
ntrib
ute
to th
e de
velo
pmen
t of s
usta
inab
le
lifes
tyle
s. S
cena
rios
form
a p
ower
ful t
ool f
or
tran
slat
ing
how
meg
atre
nds,
suc
h as
clim
ate
chan
ge, r
apid
tech
nolo
gica
l adv
ance
men
ts,
and
chan
ging
dem
ogra
phic
pat
tern
s co
uld
chan
ge o
ur e
very
day
lives
and
the
deci
sion
s w
e m
ake
conc
erni
ng h
ow w
e liv
e, m
ove
and
cons
ume
in th
e fu
ture
.
2.
Our
sce
nario
s en
able
us
to a
naly
se th
e po
tent
ial o
f cur
rent
pro
mis
ing
sust
aina
ble
liv-
ing
prac
tice
in re
latio
n to
the
vario
us fa
ctor
s
Situ
atio
nal a
nd b
ehav
iour
al fa
ctor
s in
fluen
cing
hum
an b
ehav
iour
Source: Defra, Sustainable Lifestyles Framework, 2011.
Influ
enci
ng h
uman
be
havi
our
Env
ironm
enta
l ch
ange
Beh
avio
ural
fact
ors
Situ
atio
nal f
acto
rs
Geo
grap
hy
Cul
ture
Infr
astr
uctu
re
Soc
ial L
earn
ing
Soc
ial N
etw
orks
Info
rmat
ion
Acc
ess
to
Cap
ital
Inst
itutio
nal
Fram
ewor
kLe
ader
ship
Altr
uism
Aw
aren
ess
Sel
f-ef
ficac
y
Valu
es
Per
cept
ions
Nor
ms
Bel
iefs
Exp
erie
nce
Att
itude
s
Hab
its
Iden
tity
Kno
wle
dge
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 7
The
back
cast
ing
met
hod
In o
rder
to e
stab
lish
four
sus
tain
able
life
styl
e sc
enar
ios
for
Eur
ope
in 2
050,
we
have
use
d a
met
hodo
logy
cal
led
back
cast
ing.
The
bac
kcas
ting
met
hod
allo
ws
us to
ad-
dres
s th
e ris
k th
at s
tart
ing
from
the
pres
ent m
ay le
ad to
co
ncen
trat
ing
on c
halle
nges
that
are
irre
leva
nt fo
r th
e fu
ture
we
aim
to a
chie
ve.
Bac
kcas
ting
help
s us
to s
et o
ur c
ompa
sses
tow
ards
su
stai
nabl
e fu
ture
s by
defi
ning
sus
tain
able
life
styl
es,
and
thei
r ele
men
ts, a
s fix
ed v
aria
ble
goal
s. T
his
norm
a-tiv
e go
al a
s a
star
ting
poin
t for
the
scen
ario
s he
lps
us
to s
ee th
e di
scre
panc
ies
betw
een
curr
ent r
ealit
ies
and
desi
rabl
e fu
ture
s, b
ut a
lso
help
s us
to u
nder
stan
d, w
here
di
srup
tive
chan
ges
are
mos
t nee
ded.
Bac
kcas
ting
ex-
plor
es a
ltern
ativ
e pa
thw
ays
to s
ucce
ssfu
lly re
achi
ng th
e de
sire
d fu
ture
goa
ls.
Our
pre
mis
e is
that
ther
e ar
e fa
ctor
s th
at s
et li
mits
to
mea
ning
ful f
utur
e liv
ing
such
as:
limite
d gl
obal
cru
de o
il re
serv
es th
at fo
rce
prod
uc-
tion
to d
eclin
e at
som
e po
int (
peak
oil)
a lim
ited
“car
bon
budg
et”
of g
reen
hous
e ga
s
conc
entr
atio
n in
the
atm
osph
ere
Exce
edin
g th
ese
or o
ther
rele
vant
lim
its w
ould
cre
-at
e fe
edba
ck e
ffect
s th
at w
ould
ver
y lik
ely
redu
ce th
e re
sour
ces
and
capa
bilit
ies
avai
labl
e to
peo
ple
livin
g in
th
e co
min
g de
cade
s. H
ence
the
scop
e of
des
irabl
e, b
ut
achi
evab
le fu
ture
s w
ould
als
o be
mor
e lim
ited
in th
e fu
-tu
re. T
o ge
nera
te fu
ture
life
styl
e sc
enar
ios
that
are
rele
-va
nt a
nd ro
bust
, it i
s im
pera
tive
to re
cogn
ize
thes
e lim
its.
Cyl
inde
r m
odel
of c
onst
ruct
ing
poss
ible
futu
re s
cena
rios
Con
e m
odel
of c
onst
ruct
ing
mea
ning
ful f
utur
e sc
enar
ios
driv
ing
alte
rnat
ive
sust
aina
ble
futu
res.
Thr
ough
sce
nario
s w
e ai
m to
exp
lore
the
way
s in
w
hich
pro
mis
ing
nich
e st
rate
-gi
es fo
r mor
e su
stai
nabl
e liv
ing
coul
d gr
ow in
to w
ides
prea
d pr
actic
es th
at h
ave
the
po-
tent
ial t
o de
crea
se th
e ov
eral
l en
viro
nmen
tal s
tres
s on
our
so
ciet
ies.
3.
Our
sce
nario
s pr
ovid
e a
star
t-in
g po
int f
or id
entif
ying
opp
or-
tuni
ty s
pace
s fo
r the
dev
elop
-m
ent o
f cre
ativ
e st
rate
gies
to
not o
nly
mai
nstr
eam
cur
rent
su
stai
nabl
e pr
actic
es, b
ut a
lso
to d
evel
op n
ew s
olut
ions
for
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e liv
ing
so-
ciet
ies.
The
sce
nario
s of
fer
insi
ghts
into
how
diff
eren
t driv
-er
s of
cha
nge
inte
ract
, sha
pe
lifes
tyle
s an
d he
lp in
iden
tifyi
ng
the
role
of v
ario
us g
atek
eep-
ers
who
faci
litat
e th
e ch
ange
th
roug
h sc
alin
g up
and
mul
ti-pl
ying
the
curr
ent,
prom
isin
g pr
actic
es o
n di
ffere
nt s
tage
s of
de
velo
pmen
t.
Spac
e of
opp
ortu
nitie
s
Usu
al fu
ture
per
spec
tive
Futu
re p
ersp
ectiv
e w
ith s
yste
m b
ound
arie
s
Spa
ce o
f opp
ortu
nitie
s
2050
Now
2050
Now
Car
bon
budg
etP
eak
oil
Cor
e
visi
on
8 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
= 8
000
kg p
er a
nnum
In o
rder
to c
reat
e sc
enar
ios
for
sust
aina
ble
life-
styl
es in
205
0, w
e ne
ed d
efini
tions
and
com
mon
ta
rget
s to
spe
cify
wha
t is
mea
nt b
y ”s
usta
inab
le
lifes
tyle
s”. I
n th
e S
PR
EA
D p
roje
ct w
e ha
ve d
e-fin
ed th
e m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint o
f a s
usta
inab
le li
fe-
styl
e at
800
0 kg
per
ann
um (p
.a.)
for
one
pers
on.
This
qua
ntifi
ed ta
rget
form
s th
e fu
ndam
enta
l as
sum
ptio
n on
whi
ch e
ach
of o
ur fo
ur d
evel
oped
an
d pr
evio
usly
des
crib
ed s
cena
rios
is b
uilt.
Our
sc
enar
ios
desc
ribe
wha
t 8 0
00 k
g liv
ing
can
look
lik
e in
four
div
erse
futu
re s
ocie
ties.
The
8000
kg
p.a.
of m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint p
er p
erso
n is
bas
ed o
n th
e w
ork
of M
icha
el L
ette
nmei
er,
Ste
fan
Brin
gezu
, Frie
dric
h S
chm
idt-
Ble
ek e
t al
from
the
Wup
pert
al In
stitu
te fo
r Clim
ate,
Env
iron-
men
t and
Ene
rgy
on a
saf
e an
d su
stai
nabl
e le
vel
of n
atur
al re
sour
ce u
se.
The
mat
eria
l foo
tprin
t is
a to
ol to
mea
sure
and
m
anag
e or
opt
imiz
e th
e re
sour
ce c
onsu
mpt
ion
of
our l
ifest
yles
, inc
ludi
ng th
e pr
oduc
ts a
nd p
rodu
c-
tion
proc
esse
s be
hind
them
(i.e
. in
the
area
s of
co
nsum
ing,
mov
ing,
hou
sing
and
hea
lth).
In th
is
cont
ext,
our s
usta
inab
le li
fest
yle
mat
eria
l foo
tprin
t m
eans
the
use
of re
new
able
and
non
-ren
ewab
le
mat
eria
l res
ourc
es (e
xcl.
wat
er a
nd a
ir) p
lus
the
eros
ion
caus
ed b
y ag
ricul
ture
and
fore
stry
. It c
ov-
ers
the
who
le li
fecy
cle
from
the
extr
actio
n of
raw
m
ater
ials
to th
e pr
oces
sing
indu
stry
, dis
trib
utio
n,
cons
umpt
ion,
recy
clin
g, a
nd d
ispo
sal.
The
idea
of t
he m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint i
s to
pro
vide
a
com
preh
ensi
ve a
nd u
nder
stan
dabl
e to
ol to
re
duce
diff
eren
t kin
ds o
f pre
sent
and
futu
re e
nvi-
ronm
enta
l cha
lleng
es (f
or e
xam
ple
in th
e ar
eas
of
food
, mob
ility
, hou
sing
and
hea
lth).
Whe
n th
e m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint o
f an
aver
age
Eu-
rope
an li
fest
yle
drop
s fro
m 2
7000
– 4
000
0 (a
p-pr
oxim
ate
curr
ent a
vera
ge li
fest
yle
foot
prin
t per
pe
rson
) to
8000
kg
per y
ear,
the
envi
ronm
enta
l an
d re
sulti
ng s
ocia
l im
pact
s of
our
life
styl
es w
ill
drop
and
cha
nge
cons
ider
ably
. The
mat
eria
l
foot
prin
t thu
s se
rves
as
a to
ol to
com
preh
ensi
vely
di
rect
life
styl
es to
leve
ls w
ithin
pla
neta
ry b
ound
a-rie
s as
des
crib
ed e
.g. b
y Jo
han
Roc
kstr
öm a
nd
othe
r sci
entis
ts (s
ee b
elow
). It
also
pro
vide
s a
way
to
mea
sure
pro
gres
s an
d m
ilest
ones
of s
ucce
ss
tow
ards
our
futu
re s
usta
inab
le li
fest
yle
goal
s.
The
mat
eria
l foo
tprin
t of 8
000
kg p
.a. c
onsi
sts
of h
ouse
hold
goo
ds, f
ood
and
beve
rage
s, e
ve-
ryda
y m
obili
ty a
nd to
uris
m, e
lect
ricity
, hea
ting
and
hous
ing.
How
ever
, the
com
posi
tion
of th
e fo
otpr
int i
s no
t sim
ilar f
or e
very
one.
The
sha
re o
f co
nsum
ptio
n in
a m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint o
f 800
0 kg
p.
a. c
an d
iffer
bas
ed o
n th
e va
lues
, nee
ds a
nd
aspi
ratio
ns o
f eac
h pe
rson
’s u
niqu
e lif
esty
le.
For
exam
ple,
som
e pe
ople
may
acc
umul
ate
mor
e of
th
eir f
ootp
rint t
hrou
gh m
obili
ty w
hile
oth
ers
mov
e le
ss, b
ut li
ve in
a la
rger
apa
rtm
ent.
Not
eve
ryon
e ne
eds
to li
ve th
e sa
me
way
, but
– a
t lea
st o
n av
er-
age
– ev
eryo
ne m
ust l
ive
with
in b
ound
arie
s of
our
pl
anet
ary
syst
em in
ord
er to
real
ize
our s
usta
in-
able
futu
re.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 9
Ear
th-s
yste
m p
roce
ssC
urre
nt
valu
eB
ound
ary
va
lue
Clim
ate
chan
ge
Atm
osph
eric
car
bon
diox
ide
conc
entr
atio
n (p
pm b
y vo
lum
e)38
735
0
Bio
dive
rsity
loss
Ex
tinct
ion
rate
(num
ber o
f sp
ecie
s pe
r mill
ion
per y
ear)
>100
10
Bio
chem
ical
A
nthr
opog
enic
nitr
ogen
re
mov
ed fr
om th
e at
mos
pher
e (m
illio
ns o
f ton
nes
per y
ear)
121
35
Land
use
La
nd s
urfa
ce c
onve
rted
to
crop
land
(per
cent
)11
,715
Fres
h w
ater
G
loba
l hum
an c
onsu
mpt
ion
of w
ater
(km
3 /yr
)26
0040
00
Ozo
ne la
yer
Str
atos
pher
ic o
zone
co
ncen
trat
ion
(Dob
son
units
)28
327
6
Ref
eren
ce: R
ocks
tröm
J. e
t all.
(201
1)
Hum
an d
evel
opm
ent
Cur
rent
Va
lue
Goa
l 205
0
Hum
an D
evel
oped
Inde
x (m
easu
re o
f life
exp
ecta
ncy,
lit
erac
y, e
duca
tion
and
stan
dard
s of
livi
ng)
0,63
0,77
Year
s of
edu
catio
n in
less
de
velo
ped
coun
trie
s (a
vera
ge y
ears
)6
8
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(glo
bal a
vera
ge)
70>7
5
GIN
I coe
ffici
ent
(Mea
sure
of t
he in
equa
lity:
a
valu
e 0
expr
essi
ng to
tal
equa
lity
and
a va
lue
1 m
axim
al in
equa
lity.
)
0,7
0,55
Glo
bal p
opul
atio
n (b
illio
n)7
8,9
Ref
eren
ce: U
ND
P (2
011)
Envi
ronm
enta
l and
soc
ial
indi
cato
rs in
clud
ed in
th
e 80
00 k
g p.
a. li
fest
yle:
Envi
ronm
enta
l bou
ndar
ies
Soc
ial b
ound
arie
s
2. S
ocia
l bou
ndar
ies
We
use
popu
latio
n gr
owth
and
hum
an d
evel
op-
men
t ind
ices
bas
ed o
n st
atis
tics
and
rese
arch
by
UN
DP
and
UN
Pop
ulat
ion
Div
isio
n. T
hese
soc
ial
syst
em b
ound
arie
s (th
e go
als
for 2
050)
are
the
min
imum
requ
irem
ents
for s
ocia
lly s
usta
inab
le
deve
lopm
ent.
The
mat
eria
l foo
tprin
t bou
ndar
y of
80
00 k
g p.
a. fo
r one
per
son’
s lif
esty
le is
bas
ed o
n th
e w
orld
wid
e re
cogn
ition
of t
hese
soc
ial s
yste
m
boun
darie
s.
1. E
nviro
nmen
tal b
ound
arie
sW
e dr
aw o
n th
e pl
anet
ary
boun
darie
s fr
ame-
wor
k de
velo
ped
by a
gro
up o
f ear
th s
yste
m a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l sci
entis
ts le
d by
Joh
an R
ocks
tröm
fro
m th
e S
tock
holm
Res
ilien
ce C
entr
e. D
ue to
the
com
plex
ity o
f qua
ntify
ing
thes
e pl
anet
ary
boun
d-ar
ies,
we
only
incl
uded
six
of t
he o
rigin
al n
ine
in
the
back
grou
nd c
onsi
dera
tions
for t
he s
cena
rios.
A
s th
e qu
antifi
catio
n of
the
indi
cato
rs u
sed
by
Roc
kstr
öm’s
gro
up o
n a
lifes
tyle
leve
l wou
ld h
ave
been
ext
rem
ely
com
plex
, we
used
the
mat
eria
l fo
otpr
int (
see
abov
e) a
s an
indi
cato
r for
the
vari-
ous
kind
s of
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s ca
used
by
any
kind
of m
ater
ial a
nd e
nerg
y us
e.
10 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Four
sce
nario
s, tw
o cr
itica
l unc
erta
intie
sP
ande
mic
tech
nolo
gyG
loba
lly th
ere
are
a fe
w d
omin
ant t
echn
olog
ies
for
any
task
or
hum
an
need
. Te
chno
logi
es f
or b
uild
ing,
tra
nspo
rtat
ion,
ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n,
and
com
mun
icat
ion
exis
t ev
eryw
here
and
look
sim
ilar.
Ther
e’s
fierc
e co
mpe
titio
n on
the
glo
bal m
arke
ts a
nd c
omm
erci
al d
omin
ance
yie
lds
huge
rew
ards
. Te
chno
logy
in 2
011
coul
d be
cal
led
pand
emic
. Ev
ery-
one’
s on
face
book
and
driv
es a
car
(pro
duce
d by
a fe
w g
loba
l man
u-fa
ctur
ers)
that
runs
on
petr
ol o
r die
sel f
uel (
glob
ally
exc
hang
ed g
oods
).
Hum
an-c
entri
smA
hum
an-c
entr
ic s
ocie
ty p
ivot
s ar
ound
w
iden
ing
the
use
of h
uman
cap
ital i
n al
l its
form
s. B
oth
civi
c an
d pu
blic
use
of
skill
s is
val
ued.
Eve
ryon
e ha
s so
met
hing
va
luab
le to
giv
e or
to d
o. S
ocie
ty’s
suc
-ce
ss d
epen
ds o
n ev
eryo
ne c
ontr
ibut
ing
and
on e
very
one’
s ab
ility
to b
e go
od
citiz
ens,
fam
ily m
embe
rs, n
eigh
bour
s an
d pr
ofes
sion
als.
The
re is
som
e di
vi-
sion
of l
abou
r, bu
t sel
f-im
prov
emen
t th
roug
h le
isur
e is
als
o ve
ry m
uch
appr
e-ci
ated
: e.g
. thr
ough
fam
ily ti
me,
act
ive
cons
umpt
ion,
civ
ic a
ctiv
ities
, han
dicr
aft,
arts
. You
do
wha
t you
can
– a
nd w
hat
you
feel
mot
ivat
ed to
do.
Mer
itocr
acy
A m
erito
crat
ic s
ocie
ty c
ircle
s ar
ound
pr
ofes
sion
al s
kills
. The
mos
t com
-m
erci
ally
val
uabl
e pr
ofes
sion
al s
kills
ar
e th
e en
gine
s of
the
econ
omy.
M
embe
rs o
f tho
se p
rofe
ssio
ns a
re
paid
acc
ordi
ngly
. Pol
icie
s an
d st
ruc-
ture
s ar
e cu
stom
ized
to fa
cilit
ate
the
wor
k of
the
lead
ing
indu
strie
s an
d pr
ofes
sion
s. D
ivis
ion
of la
bour
is a
t its
ext
rem
e. Y
ou d
o on
ly w
hat y
ou’re
re
ally
goo
d at
. Ende
mic
tech
nolo
gyTh
e to
ols,
infr
astr
uctu
res,
and
sol
utio
ns w
e us
e ar
e bo
rn a
nd g
row
n lo
cally
: te
chno
logy
em
erge
s ou
t of
loc
al c
ondi
tions
, re
sour
ces,
and
pe
culia
ritie
s. L
ocal
liv
ing
cond
ition
s ru
le t
echn
olog
y. W
here
the
re i
s w
ood,
hou
ses
are
built
of
timbe
r –
whe
re t
he d
ays
are
extr
emel
y ho
t, pe
ople
live
in t
ents
. Th
e co
rpus
of
glob
al s
cien
ce a
nd t
echn
olog
y is
w
ide,
yet
app
licat
ions
are
hig
hly
loca
l. Th
e ec
onom
y is
driv
en b
y ef
-fic
ienc
y an
d in
nova
tions
gai
ned
thro
ugh
thin
king
and
act
ing
loca
lly.
In o
rder
to e
stab
lish
four
sce
nario
s th
at w
ould
si
gnifi
cant
ly d
iffer
from
eac
h ot
her,
we
defin
ed
at th
e ou
tset
four
futu
re la
ndsc
apes
thro
ugh
whi
ch th
e sc
enar
ios
wou
ld b
e co
nstr
ucte
d.
This
was
don
e by
com
bini
ng th
e tw
o cr
itica
l var
i-ab
les,
whi
ch w
e ca
ll un
cert
aint
ies.
We
use
thes
e un
cert
aint
ies
to d
efine
life
styl
es a
nd s
ocie
ties.
Th
e tw
o un
cert
aint
ies
and
assu
mpt
ions
abo
ut
them
und
erlin
ing
our w
ork
wer
e th
at:
Tech
nolo
gy is
eith
er p
ande
mic
or e
ndem
ic.
Soc
iety
’s g
over
ning
prin
cipl
e is
eith
er h
uman
-ce
ntric
or m
erito
crat
ic.
By
com
bini
ng th
ese
two
sets
of a
ltern
ativ
es, w
e re
ache
d ou
r fou
r pos
sibl
e fu
ture
land
scap
es. T
he
follo
win
g ar
e de
scrip
tions
of w
hat t
hese
futu
re
land
scap
es w
ould
look
like
on
the
soci
etal
leve
l.
Thes
e tw
o cr
itica
l unc
erta
intie
s de
fined
the
mai
n dr
iver
s sh
apin
g th
e sc
enar
ios
and
the
scen
ario
pr
oces
s. A
t lat
er s
tage
of t
he w
ork
we
defin
ed
four
add
ition
al d
river
s fo
r eac
h sc
enar
io. W
ith th
e he
lp o
f the
se d
river
s w
e w
ere
able
to g
ive
a re
a-so
nabl
e ex
plan
atio
n on
how
sus
tain
able
life
styl
es
and
the
sust
aina
ble
soci
ety
can
be re
ache
d in
ea
ch s
cena
rio.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 1
1
Sin
gula
r S
uper
Cha
mpi
ons
Loca
l Loo
ps
Gov
erni
ng
the
Com
mon
s
Empa
thet
ic
Com
mun
ities
Pan
dem
ic te
chno
logy
Hum
an-c
entri
smM
erito
crac
y
Ende
mic
tech
nolo
gy
12 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
deve
lopm
ent o
f fut
ure
scen
ario
s fo
r m
ore
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
s in
205
0 bu
ilds
on a
ll pr
evi-
ous
wor
k in
the
proj
ect.
The
rese
arch
con
duct
ed
on c
ritic
al li
fest
yle
impa
cts
as w
ell a
s th
e ba
rri-
ers
and
driv
ers
impe
ding
and
enc
oura
ging
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e w
ays
of li
ving
pro
vide
a s
olid
bas
is
for
crea
ting
path
way
s to
war
ds p
ossi
ble
futu
res
whe
re th
ese
chal
leng
es c
an b
e ov
erco
me
and
oppo
rtun
ities
for
impr
oved
livi
ng r
ealis
ed.
Sus
tain
able
life
styl
e
scen
ario
s 20
50 –
the
“mak
ing
of”
The
crea
tion
of a
ltern
ativ
e fu
ture
s fo
r sus
tain
able
lif
esty
les
to a
s fa
r as
2050
was
com
plet
ed in
five
ph
ases
.
1.
Defi
ning
the
fram
ewor
k (a
xes
of c
ritic
al u
n-ce
rtai
ntie
s) fo
r the
cre
atio
n of
the
scen
ario
qu
adra
nts:
Bas
elin
e re
sear
ch a
nd fi
ndin
gs o
f th
e S
PR
EAD
Del
phi s
urve
y of
exp
ert v
iew
s.
2.
Defi
ning
four
sce
nario
land
scap
es.
3.
Expl
orin
g th
e pa
thw
ays
to s
usta
inab
le li
ving
: B
ackc
astin
g w
orks
hop
in T
uusu
la, F
inla
nd.
4.
Qua
lifyi
ng a
nd q
uant
ifyin
g th
e sc
enar
ios
and
path
way
s: R
esea
rch
& 2
nd D
elph
i sur
vey.
5.
Fina
lisin
g th
e sc
enar
io s
torie
s an
d vi
sual
isa-
tions
.
How
did
we
get h
ere?
Pha
se O
ne:
Defi
ning
the
scen
ario
fram
ewor
k Th
e de
velo
pmen
t of o
ur s
cena
rio fr
amew
ork
incl
uded
the
anal
ysis
of t
he p
roje
ct’s
bas
elin
e re
-se
arch
and
iden
tifica
tion
of p
rom
isin
g pr
actic
e on
su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les,
as
wel
l as
furt
her i
nput
and
an
alys
is fr
om a
cro
sscu
ttin
g gr
oup
of re
leva
nt
stak
ehol
ders
and
exp
erts
.
In N
ovem
ber 2
011,
follo
win
g th
e ba
selin
e re
-se
arch
, a s
elec
tive
Del
phi S
urve
y w
as c
ondu
cted
am
ongs
t a c
ross
cutt
ing
grou
p of
rele
vant
sta
ke-
hold
ers
and
expe
rts.
The
sur
vey
aim
ed a
t find
ing
a fe
asib
le fr
amew
ork
for t
he b
ackc
astin
g w
ork-
shop
. The
sur
vey
ques
tionn
aire
was
form
ulat
ed
base
d on
the
findi
ngs
of th
e S
PR
EAD
bas
elin
e re
port
, the
SP
REA
D la
unch
con
fere
nce
repo
rt
and
prom
isin
g pr
actic
es c
ards
from
the
SP
REA
D
Visi
onin
g w
orks
hop.
Aro
und
40 p
eopl
e ou
t of 1
10
invi
ted
resp
onde
d to
the
surv
ey.
The
surv
ey q
uest
ionn
aire
incl
uded
a fo
rmul
atio
n of
ass
umpt
ions
or “
argu
men
ts”
that
par
ticip
ants
w
ere
aske
d to
eva
luat
e (b
ased
on
assu
mpt
ions
pr
obab
ility
, des
irabi
lity
and
impo
rtan
ce) a
nd c
om-
men
t (ex
plai
ning
wha
t driv
ers
wou
ld c
ause
an
assu
mpt
ion
to b
e re
alis
ed o
r fai
l to
be re
alis
ed).
Inst
ead
of a
skin
g fo
r com
men
ts o
n cu
rren
t tre
nds,
th
e re
spon
dent
s w
ere
requ
este
d to
des
crib
e th
ings
they
see
in p
lace
in 2
050,
in a
wor
ld w
here
su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les
are
the
norm
acr
oss
Euro
pe.
Pha
se tw
o:
Defi
ning
four
sce
nario
land
scap
esB
ased
on
the
anal
ysis
of t
he re
sear
ch a
nd
the
surv
ey, w
e w
ere
able
to d
efine
two
criti
cal
varia
bles
or u
ncer
tain
ties
that
we
com
bine
d to
pr
oduc
e fo
ur a
ltern
ativ
e fu
ture
land
scap
es. W
e di
d th
is u
sing
the
prin
cipl
es o
f sys
tem
s th
inki
ng,
whi
ch h
elpe
d us
map
the
rele
vant
situ
atio
nal a
nd
beha
viou
ral f
acto
rs in
fluen
cing
hum
an b
ehav
iour
.
The
two
criti
cal u
ncer
tain
ties
are
tech
nolo
gy a
nd
a so
ciet
y’s
gove
rnin
g pr
inci
ple.
We
wer
e ab
le to
di
vide
tech
nolo
gy in
to e
ither
pan
dem
ic o
r end
em-
ic, a
nd th
e go
vern
ing
prin
cipl
e of
the
soci
ety
into
ei
ther
mer
itocr
atic
or h
uman
-cen
tred
. By
com
bin-
ing
thes
e un
cert
aint
ies,
we
crea
ted
the
scen
ario
qu
adra
nts.
The
se w
ere
elab
orat
ed in
to fo
ur a
lter-
nativ
e fu
ture
land
scap
es, w
hich
form
ed th
e ba
sis
for o
ur w
ork
in th
e ba
ckca
stin
g w
orks
hop.
Pha
se th
ree:
Expl
orin
g th
e pa
thw
ays
to s
us-
tain
able
livi
ng: B
ackc
astin
g w
ork-
shop
in T
uusu
la, F
inla
ndTh
e ”C
ount
ing
back
war
ds w
orks
hop”
was
hel
d on
the
24-2
5th
of N
ovem
ber 2
011
in T
uusu
la,
Finl
and.
The
re, f
our a
ltern
ativ
e sc
enar
io p
athw
ays
from
201
2 to
205
0 w
ere
crea
ted
with
the
help
of
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 1
3
54 p
artic
ipan
ts fr
om 1
6 co
untr
ies,
repr
esen
ting
stak
ehol
der g
roup
s fro
m s
tart
-up
busi
ness
es to
go
vern
men
ts, m
ultin
atio
nal c
ompa
nies
, NG
Os,
re
sear
cher
s, e
ntre
pren
eurs
, des
igne
rs a
nd
inde
pend
ent p
olic
y ex
pert
s. T
hese
par
ticip
ants
w
ere
divi
ded
into
four
gro
ups
and
each
defi
ned
an a
ltern
ativ
e sc
enar
io n
arra
tive
and
path
way
s to
sus
tain
able
life
styl
es in
Eur
ope
betw
een
2012
an
d 20
50.
In th
e w
orks
hop
the
back
cast
ing
met
hod
was
us
ed to
exp
lore
the
path
way
s to
mor
e su
stai
na-
ble
livin
g an
d to
furt
her d
efine
eac
h al
tern
ativ
e fu
-tu
re s
cena
rio. S
tart
ing
with
the
alte
rnat
ive
futu
re
land
scap
es c
reat
ed in
pha
se tw
o, p
artic
ipan
ts
“cou
nted
bac
kwar
ds”
from
the
2050
futu
res
to
toda
y. E
ach
grou
p w
as c
halle
nged
to c
o-cr
eate
th
e pa
thw
ays
to th
eir a
ltern
ativ
e fu
ture
whe
re
sust
aina
ble
8 00
0 kg
life
styl
es a
re s
ocie
tal n
orm
s –
Wha
t wou
ld h
ave
to h
ave
happ
ened
204
0, 2
025
and
2015
in o
rder
to re
ach
diffe
rent
8 0
00 k
g lif
e-st
yles
in th
is s
cena
rio?
Spe
cial
focu
s w
as p
ut o
n cr
itica
l life
styl
e im
pact
issu
es (e
.g. f
ood,
mob
ility
, ho
usin
g an
d he
alth
) as
wel
l as
driv
ers
of li
fest
yle
choi
ces,
suc
h as
ena
blin
g in
fras
truc
ture
and
be-
havi
or c
hang
e st
rate
gies
that
wer
e hi
ghlig
hted
in
the
SP
REA
D b
asel
ine
rese
arch
.
Pha
se fo
ur:
Qua
lifyi
ng a
nd q
uant
ifyin
g th
e sc
enar
ios
and
path
way
s:
Res
earc
h &
Del
phi s
urve
y
To q
ualif
y th
e sc
enar
io s
torie
s an
d pa
thw
ays
for-
mul
ated
in p
hase
thre
e, a
sec
ond
Del
phi s
urve
y,
with
sta
keho
lder
s an
d ex
pert
s, w
as c
ondu
cted
. Th
e ai
m o
f the
sec
ond
surv
ey w
as to
gat
her
addi
tiona
l ass
umpt
ions
and
arg
umen
ts fo
r eac
h sc
enar
io. R
espo
nden
ts w
ere
aske
d to
com
men
t fro
m th
e pe
rspe
ctiv
e of
his
or h
er e
xper
tise.
S
urve
y re
sults
wer
e fe
d in
to a
revi
sed
draf
t of t
he
scen
ario
s.
The
scen
ario
dra
fts w
ere
furt
her
test
ed a
nd
quan
tified
thro
ugh
the
SP
REA
D P
eopl
e’s
Foru
m,
whi
ch w
e ca
ll “i
Futu
re”.
iFut
ure
enab
led
us to
ex
plor
e th
e sc
enar
ios
with
“re
al p
eopl
e” fr
om
acro
ss E
urop
e, w
ith fo
cus
grou
ps a
ssem
bled
in
four
Eur
opea
n co
untr
ies
from
Jan
uary
-Mar
ch
2012
(Fin
land
, Ger
man
y, H
unga
ry a
nd S
pain
). In
th
e iF
utur
e w
orks
hops
the
SP
REA
D p
roje
ct w
as
able
to c
onne
ct th
e sc
enar
io s
torie
s to
peo
-pl
es’ r
eal a
ssum
ptio
ns, a
spira
tions
and
idea
s ab
out “
the
good
life
” an
d th
eir o
wn
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
s, w
here
the
size
of i
ndiv
idua
l mat
eria
l fo
otpr
ints
do
not e
xcee
d 8
000
kg p
.a.
Pha
se fi
ve:
Fina
lisin
g th
e sc
enar
io s
torie
s
and
visu
alis
atio
nsIn
the
final
pha
se, t
he s
cena
rios
wer
e ad
vanc
ed
to fi
nal s
torie
s an
d vi
sual
isat
ions
to s
how
wha
t su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les
in 2
050
coul
d lo
ok li
ke w
ere
crea
ted.
At t
his
stag
e, th
e sc
enar
ios
wer
e fu
rthe
r el
abor
ated
on
to m
ake
the
diffe
renc
es in
eac
h al
tern
ativ
e fu
ture
soc
iety
exp
licit
with
the
iden
tifi-
catio
n of
four
driv
ers
of c
hang
e fo
r eac
h sc
enar
io.
Furt
her f
ocus
was
put
on
defin
ing
wha
t life
is li
ke
for d
iffer
ent p
eopl
e in
eac
h sc
enar
io a
nd h
ow
envi
ronm
enta
l and
soc
ial c
hang
es h
ave
impa
cted
th
eir l
ives
, or b
ecom
e ca
taly
sts
for b
ehav
iour
ch
ange
.
14 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050Fo
ur s
cena
rios
to
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
s
2012
–205
0
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 1
5
Sing
ular
Sup
er C
ham
pion
s
16 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Sing
ular
Sup
er
Cha
mpi
ons
An
agei
ng E
urop
e re
ceiv
es a
tran
sfor
mat
ive
and
reju
vena
ting
spar
k, in
ord
er to
sur
vive
as
Chi
na
bega
n its
str
ides
tow
ards
gai
ning
tota
l glo
bal
dom
inan
ce in
cle
ante
ch m
arke
ts a
t the
sta
rt o
f th
e 20
10 d
ecad
e. A
t alm
ost t
he la
st m
omen
t, in
20
15, t
he E
U w
ager
ed a
ll of
its
polit
ical
pow
er
and
publ
ic re
sour
ces
to fo
rce
com
pani
es a
nd
cons
umer
s in
to th
e er
a of
a n
ew in
dust
rial r
evo-
lutio
n. D
evel
opin
g ne
w m
ater
ials
and
brin
ging
ab
out a
revo
lutio
n in
pro
duct
ion
tech
nolo
gies
co
mes
abo
ut th
roug
h in
cent
ives
and
pol
itica
l m
easu
res.
Eur
opea
n na
tions
agr
ee to
rem
ove
all
subs
idie
s fro
m in
dust
ries
oper
atin
g w
ith in
ef-
ficie
nt le
gacy
tech
nolo
gies
in th
e en
ergy
and
re
sour
ce in
tens
ive
field
s. A
ll av
aila
ble
budg
et in
th
e m
embe
r sta
tes
is in
vest
ed in
mas
sive
R&
D
cent
res,
dem
onst
ratio
n pr
ojec
ts a
nd e
spec
ially
in
educ
atio
n.
This
was
not
a p
ain-
free
road
to s
ucce
ss. R
evo-
lutio
nisi
ng te
chno
logi
cally
and
eco
logi
cally
out
-da
ted
prod
uctio
n pr
oces
ses,
as
wel
l as,
cut
ting
subs
idie
s fro
m fu
el a
nd m
any
othe
r com
mod
ities
m
eans
that
man
y pe
ople
lost
thei
r job
s. A
ll tr
ans-
port
atio
n, a
nd e
spec
ially
sin
gle
car u
se b
ecam
e m
uch
mor
e ex
pens
ive
and
all a
ssoc
iate
d ho
us-
ing
cost
s ro
se. T
he b
ig re
form
did
n’t t
reat
eve
ry
citiz
en o
r reg
ion
equa
lly. T
his
crea
ted
turm
oil i
n de
clin
ing
regi
ons
in th
e 20
20’s
but
, the
mas
ses
wer
e fo
rced
to a
dapt
. Sim
ulta
neou
s re
form
s in
w
elfa
re p
rovi
sion
s du
e to
bud
get c
uts
drov
e m
any
Euro
pean
s to
mig
rate
and
sea
rch
for i
ncom
e op
-po
rtun
ities
from
thriv
ing
met
ropo
litan
regi
ons
thus
sp
eedi
ng u
p th
e co
ncen
trat
ion
of th
e po
pula
tion
and
sour
ces
of w
ealth
.
Big
inve
stm
ents
pai
d of
f: S
cien
tific
brea
kthr
ough
s in
mat
eria
l tec
hnol
ogy
mad
e th
e up
-cyc
ling
of
raw
mat
eria
ls p
rofit
able
. Firm
s in
the
crad
le to
cr
adle
bus
ines
s st
arte
d to
mak
e so
lid p
rofit
s in
th
e la
tter
hal
f of 2
020’
s. A
cces
s to
the
cons
ump-
tion
cycl
e an
d w
hat w
as p
revi
ousl
y ca
lled
was
te
beca
me
the
key
dete
rmin
ant o
f suc
cess
to th
e la
rge
mul
tinat
iona
l firm
s. N
ew s
ervi
ce a
nd d
is-
trib
utio
n m
odel
s w
ere
crea
ted.
The
y pu
t new
em
phas
is o
n bu
ildin
g la
stin
g re
latio
nshi
ps w
ith
cust
omer
s. T
his
was
the
only
way
to m
ake
the
valu
able
reso
urce
s st
ored
in m
ater
ial p
rodu
cts
retu
rn to
pro
duct
ion.
Con
sum
ers
expe
rienc
ed th
is
thro
ugh
serv
ices
that
equ
ippe
d th
em c
onst
antly
w
ith u
p-to
-dat
e m
odel
s of
the
good
s th
ey h
ave
once
bou
ght a
cces
s to
. For
som
e, th
ese
tech
no-
logi
cally
driv
en li
fest
yle
good
s co
mpe
nsat
ed a
nd
repl
aced
thei
r pas
t nee
ds fo
r spa
ciou
s si
ngle
-fa
mily
hou
ses
and
mod
estly
pric
ed c
ars.
Sin
gula
r Sup
er C
ham
pion
s is
a s
ocie
ty in
whi
ch
succ
ess,
bot
h fo
r ind
ivid
uals
and
soc
ietie
s al
ike,
is
gai
ned
thro
ugh
pers
iste
nt fa
ith in
edu
catio
n an
d en
terp
rise.
In jo
b m
arke
ts e
xper
tise
is e
ve-
ryth
ing
beca
use
tech
nolo
gy d
evel
ops
fast
and
th
e on
ly s
ourc
e of
suc
cess
in th
e er
a of
reso
urce
sc
arci
ty is
exp
ert k
now
ledg
e.
Ever
yone
has
acc
ess
to b
asic
edu
catio
n, le
arn-
ing
and
know
ledg
e. B
ut b
eyon
d th
at th
ere
is a
m
oral
obl
igat
ion
for c
ontin
uous
dev
elop
men
t of
pers
onal
and
pro
fess
iona
l ski
lls th
at d
rive
sus-
tain
able
soc
ietie
s. L
eisu
re ti
me
is th
eref
ore
quite
di
ffere
nt fr
om le
isur
e tim
e in
201
2. It
is s
pent
on
lear
ning
and
edu
catio
n th
at is
sel
f-ce
ntre
d ye
t
Alte
rnat
ive
Sus
tain
able
Soc
iety
1:
Sup
porti
ng 8
000
kg
Sus
tain
able
Li
fest
yles
In
the
scen
ario
Sin
gula
r S
uper
Cha
mpi
ons
Eu-
rope
has
mad
e th
e le
ap to
a n
ew ty
pe o
f sus
-ta
inab
le, c
ompe
titiv
e an
d eq
uita
ble
econ
omy:
a
resu
lt of
num
erou
s tr
eatie
s, d
ecla
ratio
ns a
nd
offic
ial g
oals
sta
rtin
g fr
om 2
035.
The
leap
is
achi
eved
with
the
depl
oym
ent o
f mar
ket i
nstr
u-m
ents
that
als
o ra
dica
lly r
efor
m m
any
cond
i-tio
ns th
at h
ave
shap
ed E
urop
ean
lifes
tyle
s ov
er
the
past
dec
ades
. Cle
ante
ch a
nd u
pcyc
ling
busi
ness
es fl
ouris
h as
sus
tain
abili
ty h
as b
ecom
e th
e bu
sine
ss o
ppor
tuni
ty o
f the
cen
tury
. Eur
ope
of S
ingu
lar
Sup
er C
ham
pion
s is
a s
ocie
ty th
at
cele
brat
es a
n et
hos
of le
arni
ng, a
chie
ving
and
se
lf-m
aste
ry.
Sin
gula
r
Sup
er C
ham
pion
s
Loca
l Loo
ps
Gov
erni
ng
the
Com
mon
s
Em
path
etic
C
omm
uniti
es
Pan
dem
ic te
chno
logy
Human-centrism
Meritocracy
Ende
mic
tech
nolo
gy
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 1
7
Wha
t ch
ange
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
050?
Edu
catio
nEm
bedd
ed in
to e
very
day
life
and
prac
tices
, life
long
in
stea
d of
sho
rt c
ycle
s in
the
begi
nnin
g of
life
. In
divi
dual
ized
and
com
mod
itisi
zed.
Bas
is o
f wel
fare
pr
ovis
ion.
Wor
kH
uman
reso
urce
s hi
ghlig
ht w
ork.
Tal
ent i
s co
ncen
-tr
ated
in g
loba
l org
aniz
atio
ns. E
ntre
pren
eur v
s. s
uper
ta
lent
ed m
ultin
atio
nals
cla
ss.
City
10-1
5 hi
ghly
urb
aniz
ed m
etro
polis
es in
Eur
ope.
Ex
trem
ely
dens
e. L
ots
of n
ew in
fras
truc
ture
. New
sp
ecia
lised
are
as o
f exc
elle
nce.
Hea
lthP
reve
ntat
ive
publ
ic h
ealth
care
. Rat
iona
l die
ts. S
elf-
diag
nosi
s.
Livi
ngLo
catio
n co
mpe
nsat
es s
ize
of th
e fla
t. N
ew m
ater
ials
an
d de
sign
. Pric
e dr
ives
den
sity
.
Food
Pric
e an
d he
alth
effi
cien
t die
t. La
rge
scal
e or
gani
c pr
oduc
tion.
Mob
ility
New
rail
syst
ems
with
in a
nd b
etw
een
met
ropo
lises
. P
erso
naliz
ed ra
pid
tran
spor
t sys
tem
s. S
mar
t mob
ility
so
lutio
ns. H
igh
pric
es.
Con
sum
ing
Mea
ning
s an
d sy
mbo
ls g
et c
onsu
med
mor
e th
an
prod
ucts
. Edu
catio
n an
d se
lf-pr
ojec
ted
me.
Pric
e m
echa
nism
.
Eco
nom
yLa
rge
mul
tinat
iona
l firm
s. E
ffici
ency
. Com
petit
ion.
Ec
o-in
dust
rial r
evol
utio
n. S
tand
ardi
zed
tran
spar
ent
data
Sen
se o
f se
curi
tyFr
om te
chno
logi
cal p
rogr
ess.
Tra
nspa
renc
y. S
urve
il-la
nce.
Indi
vidu
al c
hoic
es. T
houg
ht le
ader
s.
Leas
ure
time
Inve
stin
g in
ow
n ed
ucat
ion
and
trai
ning
.
prag
mat
ic. T
he m
ost a
fflue
nt p
eopl
e, T
he S
ingu
-la
r Sup
er C
ham
pion
s, h
ave
tran
scen
ded
mat
eria
l co
nsum
ptio
n. In
stea
d of
con
sum
ing,
they
mak
e in
vest
men
ts in
them
selv
es th
roug
h st
udyi
ng n
ew
skill
s, b
oth
to im
prov
e pr
ofes
sion
ally
and
to b
e-co
me
cham
pion
s of
thei
r ind
ivid
ual l
ifest
yle.
How
are
sus
tain
able
lif
esty
les
achi
eved
?Th
e ro
ad to
war
ds s
usta
inab
ility
sta
rted
with
peo
-pl
e ha
ving
to p
ay m
ore
for t
he n
eces
sitie
s an
d lu
xurie
s th
at a
re le
ss e
xpen
sive
in 2
012.
Due
to e
xtre
me
urba
nisa
tion,
peo
ple
live
in e
ven
mor
e de
nse
citie
s th
an th
ey d
id in
the
2010
’s. A
s th
e im
port
ance
of c
ities
and
thei
r cen
tres
rise
at
the
sam
e tim
e, th
e m
ost t
alen
ted
peop
le a
spire
to
be in
the
dow
ntow
n ar
eas
of p
rogr
ess
in th
e m
e-tr
opol
is. T
his
rais
es th
e pr
ices
of a
part
men
ts a
nd
loca
tion
star
ts to
com
pens
ate
for s
pace
– w
hich
le
ads
to m
ore
sust
aina
ble
hous
ing
alte
rnat
ives
for
the
mai
nstr
eam
.
With
rega
rds
to m
obili
ty, r
isin
g re
sour
ce p
rices
st
arte
d to
influ
ence
peo
ple’
s be
havi
our e
ven
mor
e di
rect
ly. A
s th
e pr
ice
of g
as h
it ne
w p
eaks
, som
e of
th
e po
ores
t hou
seho
lds
ende
d up
sac
rifici
ng s
ig-
nific
ant a
mou
nts
of th
eir i
ncom
e fo
r the
ir pe
rson
al
mob
ility
. Thi
s dr
ove
urba
nisa
tion,
whi
ch a
gain
le
d to
peo
ple
need
ing
to u
se th
eir r
esou
rces
for
mob
ility
less
. Onl
y th
e m
ost w
ealth
y pe
ople
had
th
e po
ssib
ility
to tr
avel
exc
eedi
ngly
as
air t
rave
l w
as o
ut o
f rea
ch fo
r man
y. M
obili
ty in
gen
eral
has
decr
ease
d dr
amat
ical
ly o
ver t
he y
ears
. The
pai
nful
m
easu
res
prov
ided
a c
atal
yst f
or ra
pid
chan
ge.
Sus
tain
abili
ty h
as b
ecom
e th
e bu
sine
ss o
ppor
tu-
nity
of t
he c
entu
ry. I
t bre
athe
s ne
w li
fe in
to e
ntre
-pr
eneu
rshi
p, n
ew b
usin
ess
mod
els,
and
peo
ple
expe
rimen
t with
var
ious
asp
ects
of s
usta
inab
le
livin
g at
hom
e w
hich
sav
es m
oney
in th
e sh
ort
term
and
pro
ves
resi
lient
in th
e lo
ng te
rm.
As
peop
le s
tart
ed to
get
acc
ess
to d
etai
led
data
on
thei
r ow
n be
havi
our t
hrou
gh th
eir s
mar
t ph
ones
in re
al ti
me,
and
sci
ence
pro
vide
s in
-cr
easi
ng a
mou
nts
of in
form
atio
n re
gard
ing
heal
thy
and
sust
aina
ble
alte
rnat
ives
, peo
ple
star
ted
ratio
naliz
ing
thei
r die
ts. I
nste
ad o
f tas
te,
nutr
ition
bec
ame
the
key
driv
er o
f day
-to-
day
food
cho
ices
.
In a
dditi
on to
pric
e dr
iver
s ch
angi
ng th
e w
ays
peop
le b
ehav
e, te
chno
logi
cal i
nnov
atio
n ha
s pr
ovid
ed m
any
sust
aina
ble
choi
ces
and
alte
rna-
tives
not
ava
ilabl
e in
201
2. N
ew m
ater
ials
mad
e it
poss
ible
to b
uild
hou
ses
that
are
ext
rem
ely
ener
gy e
ffici
ent.
Bre
akth
roug
hs in
tech
nolo
gy
enab
le re
trofi
ttin
g an
d ne
w c
onst
ruct
ion
as v
i-ab
le w
ays
to p
rovi
de s
usta
inab
le li
ving
pos
sibi
li-tie
s. T
he p
ost-
oil e
ra, i
n tu
rn, c
hang
ed c
ars
into
m
obile
sol
utio
ns fo
r ele
ctric
ity. L
ocal
ly p
rodu
ced
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y is
sto
red
in id
le c
ar b
atte
ries
whe
n ca
rs a
re p
arke
d In
a s
ocie
ty o
f Sin
gula
r S
uper
Cha
mpi
ons
sust
aina
bilit
y is
acc
ompl
ishe
d th
roug
h ch
ange
s in
beh
avio
ur p
atte
rns
and
con-
sum
ptio
n pr
actic
es a
nd c
onsu
mer
cho
ices
alo
ng
with
tech
nolo
gica
l inn
ovat
ions
.
Sin
gula
r Sup
er C
ham
pion
s sc
enar
io
narr
ativ
e –
how
did
it a
ll ha
ppen
? »
The
Euro
pean
Gre
en N
ew D
eal
»Tr
ansp
aren
cy g
ets
the
pric
es ri
ght
»Th
e up
cycl
ing
econ
omy
»Le
arni
ng, n
ot e
arni
ng
Thes
e dr
iver
s ar
e de
pict
ed a
s ev
ents
on
the
timel
ine.
Wha
t is
life
like
in
Sin
gula
r Sup
er C
ham
pion
s
18 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
Euro
pean
Gre
en N
ew D
eal
Tran
spar
ency
get
s th
e pr
ices
righ
t
The
upcy
clin
g ec
onom
y
Lear
ning
, not
ear
ning
2015
: EU
prim
e m
inis
ters
con
clud
e th
at re
form
s of
unp
rece
dent
ed
scop
e ne
ed to
be
impl
emen
ted
in a
ll EU
cou
ntrie
s to
pre
vent
them
fro
m fa
lling
into
a p
erm
anen
t sta
te o
f zer
o gr
owth
. Evi
denc
e-ba
sed
polic
y-m
akin
g ga
ins
prom
inen
ce a
nd b
rings
pol
itics
and
rese
arch
cl
oser
toge
ther
.
2015
: In
Chi
na, t
here
’s a
n ou
tbre
ak o
f pr
oble
ms
rela
ted
to c
limat
e ch
ange
. N
atur
al c
atas
trop
hes,
incl
udin
g dr
ough
t, el
imin
ate
a gr
owin
g sh
are
of c
rops
, cau
s-in
g fo
od p
rices
to ri
se d
ram
atic
ally
.
2015
: The
beg
inni
ng o
f the
fina
ncia
l yea
r st
arte
d w
ith a
rem
arka
ble
boom
in re
new
a-bl
es in
em
ergi
ng m
arke
ts. T
he v
italit
y of
re
new
able
s co
mes
larg
ely
from
a v
ibra
nt
priv
ate
sect
or.
2019
: Afr
aid
of c
itize
ns g
row
ing
rest
less
, lea
ders
of
the
Com
mun
ist p
arty
in C
hina
ann
ounc
e a
new
fiv
e-ye
ar p
lan
whi
ch is
abo
ut in
vest
ing
a gr
eat
shar
e of
Chi
na’s
mas
sive
dol
lar r
eser
ves
in th
e cl
ean-
tech
sec
tor,
into
whi
ch it
has
alre
ady
pour
ed
a co
nsid
erab
le a
mou
nt o
f mon
ey o
ver t
he p
ast 1
0 ye
ars.
2020
: The
re is
pre
ssur
e to
revo
lu-
tioni
se te
chno
logi
cally
and
eco
logi
-ca
lly o
utda
ted
prod
uctio
n pr
oces
ses
and
elim
inat
e ex
pens
ive
and
harm
ful
ince
ntiv
es. E
cono
mic
sub
sidi
es (e
.g.
fuel
) will
be
cut a
nd e
colo
gica
l cos
ts
will
be
inte
rnal
ized
in p
rices
.
“Edu
catio
n is
ev
eryw
here
in d
aily
lif
e. K
ids
can
log
in to
any
obj
ect
and
acce
ss th
e so
-cal
led
‘situ
ated
ed
ucat
ion
pro-
gram
mes
’ and
le
arn
flexi
bly
all
thro
ugh
the
day.
”
“Wou
ld y
ou li
ke to
lear
n so
met
hing
new
” as
ks th
e ne
w c
ompu
ter
prog
ram
I j
ust b
ough
t. A
ll ar
ound
E
urop
e w
e le
arn
the
sam
e th
ings
from
sta
te-o
f-th
e-ar
t sof
twar
e.
2016
: In
Den
mar
k an
d N
orw
ay c
om-
preh
ensi
ve e
duca
tiona
l ref
orm
s ai
m a
t im
prov
ing
lear
ning
cap
acity
thro
ugh
mov
ing
prim
ary
educ
atio
n pa
rtly
out
-si
de th
e cl
assr
oom
.
Me
and
my
wife
are
hap
py
that
our
5-y
ear-
old
daug
h-te
r go
t acc
epte
d in
to a
sp
ecia
list m
aths
sch
ool
for
the
very
tale
nted
. Thi
s m
eans
tale
nt h
unte
rs w
ill
notic
e he
r in
no
time.
2015
I jus
t bou
ght a
n ap
p th
at
allo
ws
me
to tr
ack
my
cons
umpt
ion.
My
pers
onal
pu
rcha
se h
isto
ry is
my
own
prop
erty
now
!
2018
: Peo
ple
all a
roun
d Eu
rope
inve
st in
larg
e fir
ms
that
com
pete
ove
r he
gem
ony
in s
usta
inab
le
tech
nolo
gies
.
2018
: A c
oalit
ion
of th
e 50
00
bigg
est e
nter
pris
es b
ased
in
the
EU la
unch
es a
n in
itiat
ive
to
awar
d jo
int d
egre
es. L
eade
rshi
p an
d co
mpe
titiv
enes
s ar
e nu
r-tu
red
thro
ugh
inte
rnat
iona
l ex-
ams
and
othe
r lea
rnin
g ev
ents
in
clud
ing
e.g.
com
petit
ions
, w
hich
are
see
n as
the
best
way
to
pro
vide
stu
dent
s w
ith th
e sk
ills
they
nee
d.
Sch
ool p
rogr
ams
inte
grat
ing
in
dai
ly a
ctiv
ities
Diff
used
lear
ning
em
bedd
ed
in e
very
day
prod
ucts
It’s
so c
ool t
hat t
he lu
nch
cafe
at o
ur w
ork
serv
es
food
for
heal
thy
and
cost
-ef
ficie
nt d
iets
. It’s
the
hot-
test
food
tren
d ar
ound
and
no
w I
don’
t hav
e to
vis
it th
e co
oles
t are
as in
tow
n to
enj
oy it
. It’
right
her
e,
whe
re I
wor
k!
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 1
9
2021
: New
com
petit
iven
ess
mec
hani
sms
are
intr
oduc
ed in
the
Euro
zon
e. G
over
nmen
ts s
uppo
rt R
&D
act
iviti
es to
exp
lore
eco
-lo
gica
l pro
duct
ion
met
hods
.
2022
: Des
erte
c at
trac
ts s
olar
com
pani
es a
ll ov
er th
e w
orld
to c
onqu
er s
pots
in th
e S
ahar
a. O
ne o
f the
larg
est
firm
s in
the
sect
or a
nnou
nces
that
they
will
sta
rt p
rovi
ding
tr
ansp
aren
t inf
orm
atio
n on
the
prod
uctio
n cy
cle,
ene
rgy
and
natu
ral r
esou
rce
cons
umpt
ion
on a
ll th
eir p
rodu
cts.
2024
: Pla
ns to
shi
ft th
e em
phas
is o
f wel
fare
pro
gram
mes
gr
adua
lly to
war
ds s
uppo
rtin
g yo
ung
peop
le a
nd e
duca
tion
pass
es a
t an
EU s
umm
it. O
n th
e ba
sis
of g
ood
exam
ples
from
D
enm
ark,
it is
als
o ag
reed
that
bas
ic e
duca
tion
shou
ld b
e re
form
ed to
incl
ude
mor
e tr
aini
ng o
n sk
ills
for l
ife, e
.g. a
dopt
-in
g he
alth
y lif
esty
les.
2022
: The
maj
ority
of E
U m
embe
r sta
tes
intr
oduc
e ne
w c
ross
-cut
ting
road
pric
ing
for
all r
oads
due
to th
e ne
ed to
com
pens
ate
for
loss
es in
fuel
tax
reve
nues
that
are
att
rib-
uted
to in
crea
sed
vehi
cle
ener
gy e
ffici
ency
an
d a
shift
to e
lect
ric c
ars.
As
a re
sult,
pe
ople
sta
rt to
pre
fer s
hort
com
mut
ing
dist
ance
s, s
ervi
ce-r
ich
neig
hbor
hood
s an
d go
od lo
catio
n ov
er la
rge
livin
g sp
ace.
2024
: Pos
sess
ing
half
of w
orld
’s p
hosp
ho-
rus
rese
rves
, Mor
occo
sta
rts
to re
gula
te
sale
s of
this
“ne
w g
old”
. Thi
s in
turn
lead
s to
unf
ores
een
hike
in fe
rtili
zer p
rices
. D
ecre
ased
use
eve
ntua
lly s
tart
s to
affe
ct
annu
al c
rop
yiel
ds.
2025
: The
big
gest
com
pani
es in
food
, con
stru
c-tio
n, IC
T, m
anuf
actu
ring
and
car i
ndus
trie
s ag
ree
on tr
ansp
aren
cy s
tand
ards
on
data
con
cern
ing
the
ener
gy a
nd n
atur
al re
sour
ce c
onsu
mpt
ion
of
thei
r pro
duct
ion
proc
esse
s. T
he E
U c
ount
ries,
C
hina
and
US
A s
oon
adop
t the
se s
tand
ards
as
basi
s fo
r leg
isla
tion,
whi
ch m
eans
that
pra
ctic
ally
al
l pro
duct
ion
and
serv
ices
hav
e to
mee
t sim
ilar
tran
spar
ency
sta
ndar
ds.
“For
mer
onl
ine
gam
es li
ke
Bio
div
Bat
tle o
r S
imS
ust
turn
ed o
ut to
be
popu
lar
sust
aina
bilit
y ga
mes
that
sp
read
eco
-con
scio
usne
ss
bett
er th
an a
ny c
ampa
ign
ever
did
.”
Thro
ugh
tran
spar
ent i
n-fo
rmat
ion
and
incr
ease
d ed
ucat
ion,
I’m
ver
y kn
owl-
edge
able
abo
ut w
hat i
s he
alth
y to
eat
, how
muc
h ex
erci
se is
nee
ded
and
wha
t ar
e th
e sy
mpt
oms
of d
iffer
ent
dise
ases
. Hea
lthca
re is
mor
e pr
even
tativ
e.
Som
e of
my
empl
oy-
ees
have
to s
pend
40
% o
n tr
avel
as
long
di
stan
ce c
omm
ut-
ing
and
risin
g ga
s pr
ices
hav
e re
ally
hit
thei
r bu
dget
s. M
ost
of th
em h
ave
alre
ady
mad
e th
e m
ove
to p
ublic
tran
spor
t and
m
any
are
cons
ider
-in
g m
ovin
g cl
oser
to
our
offi
ce.
2020
: Peo
ple
cele
brat
e th
e la
unch
of t
he h
igh-
spee
d ra
il ne
twor
k th
at h
as b
een
expa
nded
to
cov
er a
ll ro
utes
bet
wee
n Eu
-ro
pe’s
maj
or c
ities
. The
se tr
ains
st
art t
o pu
sh a
irlin
e co
mpa
nies
ou
t of t
he m
arke
t.
2020
2
02
5
My
cous
in M
icha
el b
ough
t a
farm
last
wee
k. T
he
glob
al r
ise
of fo
od p
rices
is
turn
ing
peop
le to
-w
ards
agr
icul
tura
l ca
reer
s.
Educ
ativ
e si
mul
a-tio
n ga
mes
Ass
iste
d fa
mily
le
arni
ng p
roce
sses
Ban
ks s
tart
to p
rovi
de n
ew e
nerg
y so
lu-
tions
for
peop
le to
fina
nce
the
ener
gy
retr
ofitt
ing
of th
eir
hous
e.
2023
: Glo
bal d
igita
l int
egra
tion
brin
gs p
rodu
ct c
ycle
s an
d sy
stem
s cl
oser
to
geth
er, e
nabl
ing
new
inno
vatio
ns to
be
intr
oduc
ed e
asily
acr
oss
the
glob
e.
This
app
lies
to h
ouse
hold
s, to
o, a
s sp
ecifi
c te
chno
logi
cal m
onito
ring
pro-
gram
mes
sup
port
indi
vidu
als
in re
duci
ng fo
od w
aste
to p
ract
ical
ly z
ero.
20 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
Euro
pean
Gre
en N
ew D
eal
Tran
spar
ency
get
s th
e pr
ices
righ
t
The
upcy
clin
g ec
onom
y
Lear
ning
, no
t ear
ning
2028
: With
the
help
of t
rans
pare
nt p
rodu
ct
data
peo
ple
lear
n to
und
erst
and
how
indi
-vi
dual
con
sum
er c
hoic
es in
food
, hou
sing
, m
obili
ty b
uild
thei
r ove
rall
lifes
tyle
.
2025
: Tha
nks
to m
ajor
leap
s in
tech
nolo
gy, t
he fi
rst
cost
-effe
ctiv
e la
rge-
scal
e up
cycl
ing
proc
esse
s ar
e la
unch
ed in
the
Euro
pean
mar
kets
. New
ent
erpr
ises
st
art t
o de
velo
p ar
ound
the
prov
isio
n an
d di
strib
utio
n of
reso
urce
s. T
hey
leas
e pr
oduc
ts in
ord
er to
mak
e su
re th
at th
ey re
tain
ow
ners
hip
of re
sour
ces
used
in
prod
uctio
n. C
radl
e-to
-cra
dle
is th
e fa
stes
t gro
win
g bu
sine
ss a
nd a
rea
of re
sear
ch.
“…W
e ha
ve
care
fully
pre
-pa
red
a su
s-ta
inab
le tr
ip to
C
hina
. We
are
goin
g by
boa
t an
d ar
e st
art-
ing
to le
arn
the
lang
uage
so
that
we
can
com
mun
icat
e w
ith th
e pe
o-pl
e w
ho w
ill
host
us
ther
e.”
2028
: Chi
na, U
SA
and
the
EU m
ake
mas
sive
inve
stm
ents
in
cle
an-t
ech
that
toge
ther
with
dra
stic
pric
e hi
kes
in
scar
ce n
atur
al re
sour
ces
brin
g th
e pr
ices
of e
colo
gica
lly
sust
aina
ble
good
s be
low
the
pric
es o
f the
ir un
sust
ain-
able
, res
ourc
e-in
tens
ive
rival
s ac
ross
all
sect
ors.
The
se
thre
e gl
obal
pow
ers
driv
e su
stai
nabl
e in
dust
ry.
One
of t
he s
ubur
bs in
Bilb
ao
was
reb
uilt
with
the
new
-es
t sta
te-o
f-th
e-ar
t ene
rgy
effic
ient
mat
eria
ls. A
frie
nd
of m
ine
just
mov
ed th
ere.
It
is a
ttra
ctin
g pe
ople
who
pr
evio
usly
cou
ld n
ot h
ave
imag
ined
livi
ng in
suc
h a
loca
tion.
20
25
20
30
I eat
onl
y fo
od th
at’s
hyp
er-
effic
ient
in te
rms
of n
utrit
ion
leve
ls. C
abba
ges,
le
ntils
and
ber
ries
are
key
elem
ents
in m
y di
et. I
t jus
t m
akes
sen
se!
2026
: Fly
ing
chan
ges
dram
atic
ally
as
the
maj
or
airli
nes
agre
e on
min
imum
ser
vice
effi
cien
cy
stan
dard
s. P
lane
s ca
n no
w o
nly
fly w
ith o
ver
90%
pas
seng
er c
apac
ity; o
ther
wis
e th
ey m
ust
re-s
ched
ule
or p
ostp
one
take
-off
– un
less
so
meo
ne is
will
ing
to p
ay fu
ll-pr
ice
for t
he
vaca
nt s
eats
.
Whe
n I fl
ew to
Ber
lin la
st
mon
th, I
had
to w
ait 1
1 ho
urs
until
the
fligh
t was
fu
lly o
ccup
ied.
Reg
ardl
ess,
it
cost
me
a m
onth
s’s
sal-
ary,
as
avia
tion
taxa
tion
is
stee
per
than
eve
r.
Slo
w to
uris
m a
ctiv
ities
Vaca
tions
are
long
er b
ut
less
freq
uent
2025
: A n
ew s
mar
t grid
sol
utio
n is
an-
noun
ced
that
con
nect
s th
e U
K, G
erm
any
and
Fran
ce’s
ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion.
The
am
ount
of e
nerg
y us
ed in
hou
seho
lds
drop
s si
gnifi
cant
ly.
2030
: Mos
t of t
he m
ajor
eco
nom
ic p
aper
s ac
know
ledg
e th
at
crad
le-t
o-cr
adle
is th
e m
ost e
ffici
ent p
rodu
ctio
n m
etho
d re
-ga
rdle
ss o
f pro
duct
ion
sect
or o
r mat
eria
ls re
quire
d. It
qui
ckly
re
ache
s al
l par
ts o
f pro
duct
ion
syst
ems.
As
a si
gnifi
cant
pr
opor
tion
of u
sabl
e re
sour
ces
is o
wne
d by
use
rs, t
hey
also
be
com
e pa
rt o
f the
se n
etw
orks
.
2030
: Tha
nks
to in
form
atic
s ap
ps,
educ
atio
nal s
oftw
are
and
onlin
e le
arni
ng n
etw
orks
, peo
ple
are
empo
wer
ed to
mak
e ex
celle
nt ra
-tio
nal c
hoic
es a
nd th
eir d
esire
for
mat
eria
l goo
ds d
eclin
es. m
ater
ial
good
s de
clin
e.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 2
1
“I a
m s
ure
that
from
cl
othi
ng c
are
to fo
od
prep
arat
ion
ever
ythi
ng
is d
one
in o
ur fa
mily
in
the
mos
t sus
tain
able
w
ay. O
ur h
ome
uses
its
sens
ors
to c
ontr
ol e
ve-
ryth
ing
so it
is e
nerg
y ef
ficie
nt.”
Inte
llige
nt a
nd s
mar
t pac
kagi
ng o
f fo
od fo
r tr
ansp
aren
cy, a
war
enes
s an
d le
ss w
aste
.
We
lived
in th
e su
burb
s w
hen
I w
as a
chi
ld a
nd
drov
e ev
eryw
here
. I c
an’t
imag
ine
livin
g so
far
away
an
d ha
ving
so
muc
h sp
ace
at
hom
e no
w. M
y pa
rent
s so
ld th
eir
hous
e se
ven
year
s ag
o an
d no
w li
ve
two
bloc
ks fr
om
us in
a n
ice
one
livin
g ro
om a
part
-m
ent.
Ther
e’s
a de
ntal
clu
b fo
r th
ose
who
wan
t to
lear
n an
d ta
ke
care
of t
heir
teet
h In
my
apar
tmen
t bui
ldin
g.
I go
ther
e ev
ery
mon
th
to le
arn
self-
dent
istr
y.
A n
ew w
aste
m
ine
open
ed
near
by. T
hey
colle
ct w
aste
fr
om o
ld la
ndfil
ls
and
prov
ide
job
oppo
rtun
ities
fo
r th
e lo
cals
.
2034
: Aus
tria
n ch
ildre
n w
ith th
e m
ost p
oten
tial
to b
ecom
e m
embe
rs o
f the
futu
re c
ham
pion
s ar
e id
entifi
ed a
t an
early
age
and
han
d-pi
cked
fo
r fut
ure
trai
ning
, i.e
. the
ir sk
ills
are
impr
oved
in
lear
ning
stu
dios
and
top
scho
ols.
2035
2037
: The
re’s
a re
-allo
catio
n of
non
-pro
duct
ive
leis
ure
time
into
an
oppo
rtun
ity to
lear
n, in
clud
-in
g su
bcon
scio
us le
arni
ng (e
.g. c
ompu
ter
gam
es th
at a
re li
nked
with
the
city
env
iron-
men
t). S
choo
ls th
at h
one
skill
s ar
e es
tabl
ishe
d,
nour
ishi
ng a
nd n
urtu
ring
indi
vidu
al s
kills
.I’m
so
prou
d of
my
daug
hter
. She
’s
so c
urio
us a
bout
her
env
ironm
ent
and
enjo
ys th
e po
ssib
ilitie
s of
the
embe
dded
edu
catio
n ev
eryw
here
. To
be
hone
st, I
enj
oy it
per
sona
lly a
s w
ell.
I lea
rn n
ew th
ings
eve
ry d
ay!C
ontr
ol b
oard
for
hous
ehol
d se
rvic
esG
reen
die
t de
liver
y se
rvic
es
2035
: New
con
cent
ratio
ns o
f R&
D a
nd
prod
uctio
n cl
uste
rs b
ased
aro
und
larg
e fir
ms,
and
clo
sely
link
ed to
one
ano
ther
, em
erge
aro
und
Euro
pe. O
ne o
f the
bes
t ex
ampl
es o
f the
se n
ew c
lust
ers
is lo
cate
d in
Por
tuga
l.
22 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
Euro
pean
Gre
en N
ew D
eal
Tran
spar
ency
get
s th
e pr
ices
righ
t
The
upcy
clin
g ec
onom
y
Lear
ning
, not
ear
ning
The
No-
Was
te W
orld
C
up c
onte
st h
as
been
one
of t
he m
ost
popu
lar
leis
ure
time
activ
i-tie
s in
rec
ent
year
s.
2043
: A h
andf
ul o
f lar
ge fi
rms
dom
inat
e cr
adle
-to-
crad
le b
usi-
ness
. The
se s
uper
-firm
s dr
ive
sust
aina
ble
deve
lopm
ent.
2039
: Pro
duct
ion
busi
ness
es a
re c
ompe
ting
over
righ
ts
to e
xplo
it w
aste
con
cent
ratio
ns, e
.g. t
hat o
f the
Pac
ific
Oce
an. L
arge
pro
duct
ion
entit
ies
enjo
y ec
onom
ies
of
scal
e an
d po
sses
s re
sour
ces
exte
nsiv
e en
ough
to le
ad
larg
e w
aste
min
ing
proc
esse
s.
2042
: Acc
ordi
ng to
the
Euro
Fac
ts S
urve
y, ti
me
spen
t doi
ng p
hysi
cal e
xerc
ise
amon
g yo
ung
peop
le a
nd y
oung
adu
lts is
soa
ring.
Tha
nks
to
educ
atio
n re
form
and
its
new
focu
s on
hea
lth
prom
otio
n, th
ere
are
very
few
you
ng p
eopl
e sm
okin
g an
d ov
eral
l, th
e he
alth
diff
eren
ces
be-
twee
n di
ffere
nt s
ocia
l gro
ups
have
dim
inis
hed.
2040
2040
: Due
to a
shi
ft in
tax
regu
la-
tion,
info
rmat
ion
tran
spar
ency
an
d pu
blic
pre
ssur
e, m
ost o
f the
bu
sine
sses
hav
e tu
rned
into
soc
ial
ente
rpris
es, w
hich
are
ben
efici
al to
th
e en
viro
nmen
t and
soc
iety
.
“My
alum
iniu
m u
sage
is
taxe
d!”
crie
s ou
t a
wom
an in
Den
mar
k as
th
e co
untr
y pr
epar
es
for
taxa
tion
base
d on
nat
ural
res
ourc
e us
age.
A g
roup
of
peop
le g
ets
mar
gin-
alis
ed fr
om s
ocie
ty a
s th
ey fa
il to
ada
pt to
ch
angi
ng c
onsu
mp-
tion
patt
erns
.
I wan
t to
spen
d m
y le
isur
e tim
e do
ing
som
ethi
ng p
rodu
ctiv
e.
I go
to s
choo
ls
for
ever
yone
to h
one
my
skill
s.
Cop
enha
gen
– B
arce
lona
, 4,5
ho
urs!
rea
ds a
n ad
vert
ise-
men
t for
hig
h-sp
eed
trai
nlin
e th
at ju
st o
pene
d in
May
.
2039
: All
arou
nd E
urop
e, te
chno
logi
cal b
reak
thro
ughs
allo
w
info
rmat
ion
to c
ircul
ate
with
out b
arrie
rs. T
he d
evel
opm
ent
of s
tock
s of
nat
ural
reso
urce
s ca
n be
trac
ked
in re
al ti
me
by e
very
one.
Res
ourc
e pr
ices
incr
ease
han
d in
han
d w
ith
decr
easi
ng s
tock
s, fu
rthe
r enc
oura
ging
the
smar
t use
of
reso
urce
s. T
hank
s to
the
tran
spar
ent i
nfor
mat
ion,
spe
cula
tion
on n
atur
al re
sour
ces
in th
e fin
ance
sec
tor d
ecre
ases
.
ID-D
NA
Car
ds p
erso
nalis
e m
edic
ine
for
indi
vidu
als.
Eve
rybo
dy h
as a
car
d th
at
cont
ains
thei
r ge
netic
map
, bio
logi
cal
data
, as
wel
l as
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
ir di
et a
nd h
abits
, in
orde
r to
pro
vide
all
info
rmat
ion
nece
ssar
y fo
r do
ctor
s an
d ot
her
care
give
rs to
pro
vide
per
sona
lised
he
alin
g so
lutio
ns.
Per
sona
l rap
id tr
ansi
t ra
ils h
ave
revo
lutio
n-is
ed th
e w
ay w
e tr
avel
he
re in
Ulm
. The
re is
a
two
min
ute
wal
k to
th
e st
op w
here
the
pre-
rout
ed c
art a
wai
ts m
e. I
can
reac
h th
e ra
ilway
sta
tion
in s
ix
min
utes
. We
just
got
rid
of t
he
fam
ily c
ar a
nd o
ur li
ves
are
now
m
uch
easi
er. P
erso
nal w
ater
acc
ount
s m
ake
sure
that
the
wat
er I
use
for
show
erin
g al
way
s st
ays
at a
roun
d 38
deg
rees
.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 2
3
2050
: Ove
r 2/3
of t
he p
opul
atio
n in
Eur
opea
n co
untr
ies
spen
d at
leas
t 10
hour
s a
wee
k of
th
eir f
ree
time
in le
arni
ng in
stitu
tions
in o
rder
to
net
wor
k w
ith th
eir fi
eld’
s su
stai
nabi
lity
elite
.
2049
: A g
loba
l res
earc
h an
d kn
owle
dge
bank
cr
eate
s st
anda
rds
for a
ll na
tiona
l and
loca
l le
vel p
oliti
cal d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing.
It g
uara
ntee
s a
scie
ntifi
c ba
sis
for a
ll go
vern
men
t act
ion,
and
ca
n be
use
d to
vet
o an
y de
cisi
on th
at is
eco
-no
mic
ally
, eco
logi
cally
or s
ocia
lly ir
resp
onsi
ble.
2047
: Acc
ess
to w
aste
bec
omes
one
of t
he k
ey d
eter
-m
inan
ts o
f suc
cess
for c
ompa
nies
. The
mos
t val
uabl
e re
sour
ces
extr
acte
d fro
m w
aste
, e.g
. rar
e ea
rth
met
als,
are
am
ong
the
item
s th
at c
ircul
ate
glob
ally
.
2
045
2
05
0
“…In
ord
er to
live
eco
logi
cally
an
d ec
onom
ical
ly, I
hav
e ch
o-se
n th
e ‘e
nerg
y bu
dget
car
d’ o
f m
aste
r S
hash
ang
Shr
iniv
adu.
I w
ill fo
llow
his
trai
ning
so
that
my
ecol
ogic
al fo
otpr
int b
e-co
mes
as
light
as
his,
and
I w
ill
save
mon
ey w
hile
doi
ng s
o.”
My
hom
etow
n is
rat
her
segr
egat
ed n
owa-
days
as
Sup
er C
ham
pion
gro
ups
form
thei
r ow
n su
burb
s. T
hey
don’
t hav
e m
ore
mat
e-ria
l wea
lth th
an o
ther
s as
they
’re
mor
e aw
are
of s
usta
inab
ility
. Ins
tead
, the
y ha
ve
mor
e po
litic
al a
nd e
cono
mic
pow
er a
nd
bett
er e
duca
tion.
Glo
bal e
nerg
y
cons
umpt
ion
targ
et
fixed
by
user
I ret
urne
d m
y ol
d sh
oes
to th
e sh
oe
stor
e an
d go
t my
stor
e cr
edit
retu
rned
by
do-
ing
so. I
can
now
get
br
and
new
sho
es a
nd
I kno
w th
at it
’s g
reat
fo
r th
e en
viro
nmen
t as
wel
l!
Mob
ility
(dai
ly a
nd to
uris
m)
11 0
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: bui
ldin
g
2400
kg
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n 26
00 k
g
Leis
ure
time
15
00 k
g
Food
73
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: el
ectr
icity
33
00 k
g
Oth
ers
900
kg
24 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Gat
ekee
pers
for l
ifest
yle
chan
ges
Man
ufac
turi
ng a
nd
reta
il co
mpa
nies
…pr
ovid
e tr
ansp
aren
t life
cycl
e da
ta o
n th
eir
prod
ucts
.
New
dig
ital s
ervi
ce
prov
ider
s…
help
con
sum
ers
to tr
ansl
ate
open
life
cycl
e an
d fo
otpr
int d
ata
into
sm
art c
onsu
mer
cho
ices
.
Sup
er C
ham
pion
le
ad u
ser
grou
p…
chan
ge th
e st
atus
sys
tem
be
hind
con
sum
er c
ultu
re a
nd
spre
ad b
est p
ract
ices
on
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
s.
Urb
an p
lann
ers
…cr
eate
urb
an e
nviro
n-m
ents
that
att
ract
peo
ple
and
enab
le d
ense
, sus
-ta
inab
le li
ving
.
Die
tary
exp
erts
…pr
ovid
e de
taile
d in
form
a-tio
n on
nut
ritio
n, re
sour
ce
and
cost
-effe
ctiv
e di
ets.
Six
-pac
k of
mos
t infl
uent
ial l
ifest
yle
trigg
ers
1.
Tran
spar
ent p
rodu
ct d
ata
allo
ws
peop
le to
und
erst
and
the
envi
ronm
enta
l cos
t of t
heir
pers
onal
co
nsum
er c
hoic
es a
nd th
eir o
vera
ll lif
esty
le. C
ompa
ring
the
sust
aina
bilit
y of
cho
ices
of f
ood,
hou
s-in
g, m
obili
ty a
nd c
onsu
mer
goo
ds in
205
0 is
as
easy
as
com
parin
g pr
ices
was
in 2
012.
2.
Roa
d pr
icin
g an
d th
e ov
eral
l ris
e of
tran
spor
tatio
n co
sts
chan
ge h
ousi
ng p
refe
renc
es. P
eopl
e pr
efer
sho
rt c
omm
utin
g di
stan
ces,
wel
l-ser
vice
d ne
ighb
ourh
oods
and
a b
ette
r acc
ess
to s
paci
ous-
ness
.
3.
Impr
oved
des
ign
of p
ublic
spa
ces
and
flats
dra
ws
peop
le to
den
sely
pop
ulat
ed a
reas
. In
all c
oun-
trie
s, a
reas
aro
und
city
cen
tres
turn
into
the
mos
t des
irabl
e pl
aces
to li
ve. P
eopl
e ar
e w
illin
g to
tr
ade
off a
spa
ciou
s dw
ellin
g fo
r the
sta
tus
and
com
fort
pro
vide
d by
a fl
at in
a c
entr
al lo
catio
n.
4.
New
die
tary
alte
rnat
ives
em
erge
from
a c
ombi
natio
n of
risi
ng fo
od p
rices
and
incr
ease
d he
alth
co
nsci
ousn
ess.
Med
ia, p
rimar
y ed
ucat
ion
and
cate
ring
com
pani
es h
elp
envi
ronm
enta
lly ra
tiona
l di
ets
beco
me
a m
ains
trea
m li
fest
yle
optio
n.
5.
App
s fo
r per
sona
l inf
orm
atic
s, e
duca
tiona
l sof
twar
e, o
nlin
e le
arni
ng n
etw
orks
and
a d
iver
sifie
d ed
ucat
iona
l ser
vice
s se
ctor
bec
ome
attr
activ
e an
d in
fluen
ce p
eopl
e’s
spen
ding
. As
a re
sult,
ther
e is
less
des
ire fo
r mat
eria
l goo
ds, a
s m
ore
peop
le h
ave
exce
llent
ski
lls in
mak
ing
ratio
nal c
hoic
es.
6.
New
upc
yclin
g ap
proa
ches
to c
onsu
mer
goo
ds h
ave
chan
ged
prod
uct l
ifecy
cles
. All
mat
eria
l go
ods
are
sold
with
an
addi
tiona
l dep
osit
on th
eir m
ater
ial r
esou
rces
, whi
ch e
ncou
rage
s pe
ople
to
retu
rn u
sed
mat
eria
ls to
the
reta
iler.
The
aver
age
mat
eria
l foo
tpri
nt o
f a E
urop
ean
in
2050
in t
he S
ingu
lar
Sup
er C
ham
pion
s sc
enar
io
(800
0 kg
per
per
son
in a
yea
r) c
ompa
red
to t
he
aver
age
mat
eria
l foo
tpri
nt in
200
7 (2
9 00
0 kg
).
Mob
ility
(d
aily
and
tour
ism
) 28
00 k
g
Food
25
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: bu
ildin
g 13
00 k
g
Oth
ers
300
kg Hou
sing
: el
ectr
icity
30
0 kg
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n 50
0 kg
Leis
ure
time
300
kg
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 2
5
Crit
ical
cha
lleng
es a
nd s
olut
ions
in
the
scen
ario
Sin
gula
r Sup
er C
ham
pion
sQ
1.
How
to
do a
way
with
uns
usta
inab
le s
tatu
s sy
mbo
ls?
1.
A p
rice
mec
hani
sm in
clud
es a
nd q
uant
ifies
eve
ryth
ing:
reso
urce
use
, po
llutio
n, h
ealth
, bio
dive
rsity
, etc
. It i
s a
top
mot
ivat
or o
f beh
avio
ur a
nd
influ
ence
s lif
esty
les.
2.
Low
-cos
t, lo
w-im
pact
opt
ions
in te
rms
of b
oth
envi
ronm
ent a
nd h
ealth
ha
ve b
ecom
e th
e so
cial
nor
m in
food
and
leis
ure
activ
ities
. Hea
lthy
mo-
bilit
y pa
tter
ns a
re a
maj
or p
art o
f dai
ly e
xerc
ise.
Impr
oved
infr
astr
uctu
re,
good
ava
ilabi
lity
and
com
petit
ive
pric
es h
ave
mad
e it
easy
for p
eopl
e to
ch
oose
hea
lthy
optio
ns.
Q2.
H
ow t
o m
anag
e in
crea
sed
urba
n co
ncen
trat
ion
whi
le
de
crea
sing
res
ourc
e us
e?
1.
EU-w
ide
polic
y in
cent
ives
and
risi
ng e
nerg
y pr
ices
hav
e m
ade
zero
en-
ergy
bui
ldin
g th
e no
rm. P
eopl
e ar
e pe
rsua
ded
to re
trofi
t the
ir ho
mes
with
ta
x in
cent
ives
and
pro
lifer
atio
n of
Do-
it-Yo
urse
lf re
trofi
t kits
.
2.
Bui
ldin
gs a
nd in
fras
truc
ture
whi
ch a
re n
ot u
sed
any
mor
e (d
ue to
in-
crea
sed
ener
gy a
nd m
obili
ty c
osts
) are
upc
ycle
d in
to n
ew, h
ighl
y ef
ficie
nt
and
dens
e ur
ban
cent
res.
Peo
ple
are
ther
efor
e in
cent
ivis
ed to
recy
cle
all t
he m
ater
ial f
rom
str
uctu
res
they
dec
onst
ruct
whi
le re
furb
ishi
ng th
eir
hom
es.
3.
Pro
gres
sive
pro
pert
y ta
xes
and
subs
idie
s fo
r con
stru
ctio
n of
sm
all fl
ats
prov
ide
ince
ntiv
es fo
r peo
ple
to re
duce
thei
r dom
estic
spa
ce. T
his
lead
s to
incr
ease
d le
isur
e ac
tivity
out
side
the
hom
e.
4.
The
shift
in in
nova
tion
and
urba
n in
fras
truc
ture
pol
icy
from
car
traf
fic to
sm
art m
obili
ty in
clud
ing
PR
T sy
stem
s. T
hese
new
mob
ility
opt
ions
are
by
far t
he m
ost c
onve
nien
t one
s in
den
se u
rban
are
as w
ith h
igh
lifes
tyle
st
atus
.
5.
Pric
es re
duce
bot
h lo
ng-
and
shor
t-di
stan
ce tr
avel
ling.
Q3.
H
ow t
o m
anag
e th
e co
nsum
ptio
n of
res
ourc
es in
ter
ms
of p
ower
pro
duct
ion
and
ICT
prod
uctio
n?
1.
Due
to a
dopt
ion
of ta
x in
cent
ives
, all
the
appl
ianc
es a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
l pro
duct
s av
aila
ble
in th
e m
arke
ts a
re h
ighl
y en
ergy
and
reso
urce
ef
ficie
nt. A
s a
resu
lt, p
eopl
e ha
ve in
crea
sed
the
ener
gy a
nd re
sour
ce e
f-fic
ienc
y of
thei
r hom
es, a
pplic
atio
ns a
nd m
obili
ty p
atte
rns.
2.
Hig
hly
reso
urce
-effi
cien
t win
d an
d so
lar p
ower
pro
duct
ion
dom
inat
es e
n-er
gy p
rodu
ctio
n as
the
old
ener
gy m
odes
hav
e di
sapp
eare
d du
e to
hea
vy
taxa
tion
and
phas
ing
out o
f sub
sidi
es.
3.
Inno
vatio
n po
licy
acce
lera
tes
the
use
of a
bund
ant i
nste
ad o
f sca
rce
mat
eria
ls fo
r IC
T in
com
bina
tion
with
sop
hist
icat
ed re
cycl
ing.
Pric
ing
mot
ivat
es p
eopl
e to
ado
pt n
ew in
nova
tive
solu
tions
.
4.
Extr
emel
y ef
ficie
nt IC
T so
lutio
ns (s
enso
rs, c
entr
aliz
ed c
ompu
ting,
clo
ud
farm
s) h
ave
enab
led
peop
le to
real
ise
pers
onal
opt
imis
atio
n. O
ptim
isat
ion
of c
onsu
mpt
ion
leve
ls is
als
o a
sour
ce o
f soc
ial a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nal r
ewar
d.
Gov
erni
ng
the
Com
mon
s
26 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Gov
erni
ng
the
Com
mon
s
You
can
man
ufac
ture
pro
duct
s ba
sed
on y
our
very
ow
n de
sign
at t
he n
eare
st c
orne
r sho
p! T
he
rise
of 3
D p
rinte
rs m
ade
it po
ssib
le fo
r the
firs
t tim
e fo
r peo
ple
to c
ontr
ol th
eir o
wn
prod
uctio
n an
d co
nsum
ptio
n. In
201
5, 3
D te
chno
logy
was
se
en a
s so
met
hing
of a
nic
he, b
ut fr
om th
e ea
rly
2030
s it
has
alte
red
lifes
tyle
s, a
nd m
any
busi
-ne
sses
per
man
ently
. The
driv
ers
of m
ass
con-
sum
ptio
n in
the
latt
er h
alf o
f the
20t
h ce
ntur
y ar
e re
plac
ed b
y a
cultu
re o
f “se
lf-cr
eatio
n” a
ssis
ted
by 3
D p
rinte
rs a
nd o
ther
sim
ilar t
ools
. It o
ffers
en
dles
s po
ssib
ilitie
s to
mou
ld a
nd re
-cre
ate
one’
s id
entit
y. P
eopl
e gr
ow m
ore
awar
e of
wha
t is
thei
r ow
n, e
ither
pur
chas
ing
care
fully
sel
ecte
d ite
ms
they
like
or c
onst
antly
mol
ding
the
sam
e m
ater
ial
into
new
ver
sion
s of
goo
ds. N
ew fo
rms
of d
o-it-
your
self
man
ufac
turin
g w
ould
not
be
poss
ible
w
ithou
t the
rich
pre
senc
e of
the
digi
tal s
pace
.
The
entir
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t can
be
seen
thro
ugh
two
sepa
rate
laye
rs, a
dig
ital a
nd a
n ac
tual
, ph
ysic
al o
ne. B
illio
ns o
f mic
roch
ips
embe
dded
in
mac
hine
s, w
alls
and
pav
emen
t brin
g a
new
type
of
dat
a to
use
rs a
nd c
reat
e ne
w o
ppor
tuni
ties
to
live
smar
t, su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les
thro
ugh
pow
erfu
l fe
edba
ck m
echa
nism
s. S
ocia
l net
wor
ks c
ontin
ue
to g
ain
pow
er a
nd v
ery
soon
trad
ition
al in
stitu
-tio
ns th
at a
re o
utsi
de o
f mea
ning
ful n
etw
orks
ne
arly
van
ish
from
sig
ht fo
r man
y pe
ople
.
In th
e w
orld
of G
over
ning
the
Com
mon
s, p
eopl
e ha
ve fo
und
new
rela
tions
hips
with
thei
r pee
rs
both
in v
irtua
l and
mat
eria
l rea
lity.
Thi
s of
fers
im
men
se o
ppor
tuni
ties
for d
iffer
ent t
ypes
of
mea
ning
ful i
nter
actio
n, b
oth
econ
omic
and
non
-ec
onom
ic a
like.
Peo
ple
star
t to
look
for m
ore
Alte
rnat
ive
Sus
tain
able
S
ocie
ty 2
: Sup
porti
ng 8
000
kg
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es
Gov
erni
ng th
e C
omm
ons
is a
sce
nario
mos
tly
in d
igita
l rea
lity
that
hel
ps p
eopl
e to
bre
ak fr
ee
from
man
y cu
ltura
l con
stra
ints
and
, eve
ntua
lly,
to r
each
sus
tain
abili
ty. U
biqu
itous
com
putin
g en
able
s th
e sm
art u
se o
f res
ourc
es a
nd, a
t the
sa
me
time,
red
irect
s pe
ople
’s b
ehav
iour
and
fo
cus
of a
tten
tion
from
mat
eria
l con
sum
ptio
n an
d th
eir
phys
ical
sur
roun
ding
s to
inte
ract
ion
in
the
digi
tal r
ealm
. Peo
ple
aban
don
man
y in
stitu
-tio
ns o
f the
20t
h ce
ntur
y, li
bera
te th
emse
lves
in
orde
r to
lead
mor
e m
eani
ngfu
l liv
es a
nd e
ngag
e in
new
form
s of
col
labo
ratio
n.
mea
ning
in jo
bs a
nd li
fe in
gen
eral
. Lea
rnin
g ne
w
skill
s is
eas
y w
ith a
ll of
the
info
rmat
ion,
dig
itally
as
sist
ed tr
aini
ng to
ols
and
peer
sup
port
. Thi
s gi
ves
rise
to a
new
kin
d of
ent
repr
eneu
rshi
p in
w
hich
the
next
gen
erat
ion
star
ts to
rede
fine
thei
r ex
pert
ise
and
sour
ce o
f mot
ivat
ion.
Mul
ti-pr
ofes
sion
al s
elf-
empl
oym
ent h
as re
plac
ed
a st
eady
inco
me
and
empl
oym
ent i
n a
com
pany
or
pub
lic in
stitu
tion:
The
pee
r-to
-pee
r (P
2P) s
er-
vice
eco
nom
y ha
s re
plac
ed b
ig c
orpo
ratio
ns a
nd
thei
r offe
rings
. New
mod
els
of w
ork
and
wel
fare
ha
ve b
een
form
ed.
Onc
e pe
ople
sta
rted
see
ing
the
colle
ctiv
e po
ten-
tial o
f the
new
com
bina
tion
of h
ighl
y sk
illed
sel
f-st
arte
rs w
ith d
igita
l com
mun
icat
ion,
new
pol
itica
l m
ovem
ents
sta
rted
to g
ain
pow
er. N
etw
orks
of
peop
le w
ith e
nthu
sias
m to
war
ds a
sha
red
issu
e ga
ther
ed th
eir s
kills
and
reso
urce
s an
d di
rect
ed
thei
r effo
rts
to e
xper
imen
ting
with
new
sol
utio
ns,
inst
ead
of ju
st c
ampa
igni
ng fo
r cha
nge
thro
ugh
polit
ical
str
uctu
res.
Expe
rimen
ting
with
the
help
of t
hous
ands
of
volu
ntee
rs tu
rned
out
to h
ave
pers
uasi
ve p
ower
in
the
field
of p
oliti
cs. T
here
fore
, ”in
tere
st n
et-
wor
ks”,
com
bini
ng p
olic
y w
ith d
oing
thin
gs g
rad-
ually
, rep
lace
d tr
aditi
onal
par
ties
as p
ower
hous
es
of re
pres
enta
tive
dem
ocra
cy. A
s a
resu
lt of
this
ne
w c
olla
bora
tion
and
tool
s, m
any
part
s of
the
polit
ical
age
nda
are
tota
lly re
form
ed a
nd p
oliti
cal
part
icip
atio
n is
bro
ught
bac
k in
to p
eopl
es’ d
aily
liv
es. T
his
type
of ”
wik
idem
ocra
cy”
has
revi
ved
trus
t in
polit
ics
and
its c
apab
ility
of c
hang
ing
soci
ety
tow
ards
pos
itive
soc
ial c
hang
e.
Sin
gula
r
Sup
er C
ham
pion
s
Loca
l Loo
ps
Gov
erni
ng
the
Com
mon
s
Em
path
etic
C
omm
uniti
es
Pan
dem
ic te
chno
logy
Ende
mic
tech
nolo
gy
Human-centrism
Meritocracy
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 2
7
How
are
sus
tain
able
lif
esty
les
achi
eved
?
The
tran
sitio
n to
peo
ple-
pow
er th
roug
h di
ffere
nt
netw
orks
, mod
els
of w
ikid
emoc
racy
and
ubi
qui-
tous
tech
nolo
gy a
re b
ecom
ing
part
of e
very
day
life,
alte
ring
beha
viou
r tow
ards
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les
in th
e 21
st c
entu
ry.
The
impa
cts
of u
biqu
itous
tech
nolo
gy c
ontin
ue to
sh
ape
peop
le’s
day
-to-
day
prac
tices
eve
n m
ore
stro
ngly
than
man
y th
ough
t in
the
early
200
0s.
Diff
eren
t app
licat
ions
and
per
sona
l ser
vice
s in
flu-
ence
life
styl
e de
cisi
ons,
con
sum
er c
hoic
es a
nd
mot
ivat
e be
havi
our c
hang
e th
at s
uppo
rts
the
8
000
kg g
oals
. Tak
e m
obili
ty fo
r ins
tanc
e –
once
pe
rson
aliz
ed d
igita
l ser
vice
s ar
e in
pla
ce, c
o-us
ing
of c
ars
and
publ
ic tr
ansi
t sta
rts
to w
ork,
ba
sed
on w
hat i
s m
ost p
ract
ical
for i
ts u
sers
.
Ener
gy e
ffici
ent h
ousi
ng b
ecam
e th
e no
rm in
the
early
202
0s a
s a
new
way
to c
olle
ct a
nd m
ine
data
. Ope
n en
ergy
con
sum
ptio
n da
ta g
ave
a bi
g bo
ost t
o re
trofi
t mar
kets
. Com
pani
es c
ould
eas
-ily
iden
tify
inha
bita
nts
with
sig
nific
ant p
oten
tial
for e
ffici
ency
gai
ns a
nd s
avin
gs. H
omes
turn
ed
into
sm
art s
yste
ms
with
eas
y to
use
gad
gets
to
cont
rol e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
n fro
m li
ghtin
g, h
eat-
ing,
use
of a
pplia
nces
and
eve
n th
e co
nten
ts o
f th
e fr
idge
. Ubi
quito
us te
chno
logy
sta
rted
pro
vid-
ing
inst
ant f
eedb
ack
loop
s th
at h
elpe
d to
cha
nge
beha
viou
ral c
hoic
es to
war
ds o
nes
that
sup
port
8
000
kg s
usta
inab
le li
fest
yles
.
As
the
virt
ual e
nviro
nmen
t is
mor
e an
d m
ore
prom
inen
t, ph
ysic
al c
onsu
mpt
ion
decr
ease
s si
g-
nific
antly
. Urb
an s
pace
is fr
eed
out o
f old
unu
sed
offic
es a
nd re
mot
e w
ork
beco
mes
a m
ains
trea
m
alte
rnat
ive.
Infr
astr
uctu
re b
ecom
es a
clo
sed
loop
sy
stem
com
bine
d w
ith s
ervi
ces
take
n ov
er b
y th
e vi
rtua
l wor
ld. A
ugm
ente
d re
ality
ser
vice
s, a
long
w
ith 3
D p
rinte
rs, m
ake
cons
umpt
ion
mor
e su
s-ta
inab
le th
roug
h th
e pe
rson
alis
atio
n an
d di
gita
li-sa
tion
of li
fest
yles
.
Wha
t is
life
like
in G
over
ning
the
Com
mon
s?W
hat
chan
ges
betw
een
2012
and
205
0?
Edu
catio
nTh
e m
ain
focu
s of
edu
catio
n is
on
Pee
r-to
-Pee
r ski
lls s
harin
g. L
earn
ing
by d
oing
is e
mph
asiz
ed, i
n ite
rativ
e w
ays.
Pan
dem
ic te
chno
l-og
y en
able
s in
stan
t fee
dbac
k lo
ops,
whi
ch a
ccel
erat
e sh
arin
g of
kno
wle
dge.
Foc
us o
n in
form
al e
duca
tion
whe
re c
lass
room
s do
n’t
exis
t.
Wor
kP
eopl
e’s
sour
ces
of in
com
e ha
ve fr
agm
ente
d. C
ompr
ehen
sive
use
of s
kills
are
val
ued.
Eve
ryon
e ha
s so
met
hing
to o
ffer t
o so
ciet
y.K
ey w
ords
des
crib
ing
wor
k in
clud
e m
icro
-tas
ks, c
row
dsou
rcin
g an
d be
ing
usef
ul to
one
’s p
eers
.
City
Citi
es a
re b
ased
on
alre
ady
exis
ting
infr
astr
uctu
re. O
ffice
and
sch
ool b
uild
ings
hav
e be
en c
onve
rted
into
flat
s an
d pu
blic
spa
ces.
U
rban
exp
erie
nces
are
enr
iche
d by
aug
men
ted
real
ity. P
eopl
e fin
d pe
rson
aliz
ed s
olut
ions
to fu
lfil t
heir
need
s an
d as
pira
tions
on
both
th
e ph
ysic
al a
nd v
irtua
l lay
ers.
Hea
lthP
eer-
to-P
eer n
etw
ork
supp
ort i
s ch
arac
teris
tic o
f bot
h pr
even
tativ
e an
d re
activ
e he
alth
car
e. P
ublic
fund
ing
is p
rovi
ded
for h
ealth
-ca
re c
oope
rativ
es. A
wid
e va
riety
of h
ealth
y lif
esty
les
have
bec
ome
rout
iniz
ed. D
igita
l fee
dbac
k to
ols
are
used
by
ever
yone
.
Livi
ngP
eopl
e liv
e in
sm
all fl
ats
and
wor
k in
new
offi
ce lo
fts. T
he d
igita
l lay
er is
key
to p
rovi
de p
eopl
e w
ith q
ualit
y in
thei
r liv
es.
Sm
art h
omes
, aus
tere
furn
iture
and
dig
ital s
ervi
ces
char
acte
rize
dom
estic
ity.
Food
Food
pro
duct
ion
and
dist
ribut
ion
are
man
aged
by
glob
al fo
od s
yste
ms
and
smar
t foo
d st
orag
e m
echa
nism
s ar
e in
pla
ce.
A m
ultit
ude
of d
iets
are
offe
red
and
ener
gy in
take
is re
duce
d. V
eget
able
cho
ices
and
syn
thet
ic m
eats
form
diff
eren
tiatio
ns in
die
ts.
Mob
ility
Mob
ility
is g
reat
ly re
duce
d by
the
use
of d
igita
l too
ls. C
omm
utin
g is
min
imiz
ed a
nd th
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
new
traf
fic in
fras
truc
ture
has
be
com
e un
nece
ssar
y. S
mar
t pub
lic tr
ansi
t and
car
and
ride
sha
ring
are
the
mai
n fo
rms
of tr
ansp
ort.
Con
sum
ing
3D-p
rintin
g pe
rson
aliz
es c
onsu
mpt
ion.
Mat
eria
l con
sum
ptio
n is
redu
ced
by u
sing
mod
ular
app
lianc
es, w
hich
ena
ble
do-it
-you
rsel
f (D
IY) r
epai
r and
upg
rade
of p
rodu
cts.
Hig
h de
gree
s of
app
lianc
e pe
rson
aliz
atio
n, v
irtua
l con
sum
ptio
n an
d re
cycl
able
gen
eric
mat
eri-
als
form
new
des
ign
and
prod
ucer
cul
ture
s, h
elpi
ng to
redu
ce th
e ov
eral
l num
ber o
f app
lianc
es.
Eco
nom
yM
icro
-tas
ks c
hara
cter
ize
econ
omic
org
aniz
atio
n. N
ew b
usin
esse
s ar
e cr
eate
d in
and
by
data
-ric
h en
viro
nmen
ts. O
pen
sour
ce, o
pen
data
and
free
dis
trib
utio
n of
info
rmat
ion
driv
e ne
w in
nova
tion.
Per
sona
l opt
imiz
atio
n, D
IY, p
eer s
ervi
ces
and
man
ufac
turin
g ar
e dr
iv-
ers
of th
e ne
w e
cono
my.
Sen
se o
f se
curi
tyS
ense
of s
ecur
ity is
hei
ghte
ned
by m
embe
rshi
p in
Pee
r-to
-Pee
r com
mun
ities
. Dem
ocra
tized
dat
a em
pow
ers
peop
le. E
asy
acce
ss to
se
rvic
es, p
rodu
cts
and
glob
al k
now
ledg
e-ba
ses
prom
ote
equa
lity.
Per
sona
lized
app
lianc
es a
nd d
irect
par
ticip
atio
n in
crea
se a
sen
se
of b
elon
ging
and
sec
urity
.
Leis
ure
time
Leis
ure
time
is fo
rmed
aro
und
a m
ultit
ude
of d
igita
l int
erac
tions
. Hom
e co
nsum
ptio
n, h
igh
qual
ity h
ouse
hold
cap
abili
ties
and
digi
tal
crow
d ex
perie
nces
are
the
mai
n w
ays
of s
pend
ing
free
time.
Gov
erni
ng th
e C
omm
ons
scen
ario
na
rrat
ive
– ho
w d
id it
all
happ
en?
»Th
e 3r
d in
dust
rial r
evol
utio
n »
Ubi
tech
eco
nom
y »
Bet
ter w
ork
crea
tes
wel
l-bei
ng »
Wik
idem
ocra
cy
Thes
e dr
iver
s ar
e de
pict
ed a
s ev
ents
on
the
timel
ine.
28 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
3rd
indu
stria
l rev
olut
ion
Ubi
tech
eco
nom
y
Bet
ter w
ork
crea
tes
wel
l-bei
ng
Wik
idem
ocra
cy
2014
: Soc
ial m
edia
dom
inat
es g
loba
l nar
rativ
es. P
eer-
prod
uced
con
tent
sta
rts
to
emer
ge in
the
glob
al m
edia
. The
eve
nts
of th
e 20
11 A
rab
Spr
ing
high
light
the
grow
-in
g im
port
ance
of a
cces
sibl
e gl
obal
info
rmat
ion
netw
orks
. Peo
ple
get i
ncre
asin
gly
accl
imat
ed to
the
idea
of e
xist
ing
onlin
e an
d bu
ildin
g th
eir p
erso
nal i
dent
ity th
roug
h vi
rtua
l mea
ns. M
edia
mod
erat
ed re
ality
hits
new
hei
ghts
as
the
inte
rnet
sta
rts
to
defin
e ev
eryd
ay li
fe a
nd c
onne
ct c
omm
uniti
es w
orld
wid
e, p
rodu
cing
mor
e in
tere
st-
base
d so
cial
gro
ups
that
onl
y ev
er c
onne
ct in
the
virt
ual r
ealm
.
2013
: Boy
cott
s of
pol
itics
taki
ng w
orld
-w
ide
help
tack
le c
limat
e ch
ange
. Glo
bal
trea
ties
are
out o
f rea
ch, w
hich
driv
es
peop
le to
exp
ress
thei
r fru
stra
tion
with
go
vern
men
ts’ a
nd c
orpo
ratio
ns’ i
nabi
lity
to g
enui
nely
inte
rven
e in
the
incr
easi
ngly
ap
pare
nt e
ffect
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd
risin
g re
sour
ce p
rices
.
2015
: The
cris
es th
at s
tart
ed in
200
8 ev
entu
ally
ch
ange
s pr
oduc
tion
stru
ctur
es a
nd p
eopl
e’s
wor
king
pa
tter
ns, e
spec
ially
in m
any
Euro
pean
cou
ntrie
s.
Few
er a
nd fe
wer
peo
ple
wor
k pe
rman
ently
for o
ne
com
pany
. Div
ersi
ficat
ion
in w
ork
patt
erns
incr
ease
s.
2016
: Com
pani
es p
rom
otin
g su
stai
nabi
lity
begi
n to
do
min
ate
the
mar
kets
: Sev
eral
tech
nolo
gy c
ompa
-ni
es in
trod
uce
Gre
en E
arth
pol
icie
s an
d su
stai
nabi
lity
inde
xes,
as
they
are
see
n as
as
the
only
way
to g
aina
a
posi
tion
as m
arke
t lea
der.
2017
: The
use
of m
esh
netw
orks
(com
mun
ity
data
sys
tem
s) is
spr
eadi
ng to
recy
clin
g an
d gr
een
“int
eres
t gro
ups”
. Ini
tially
thes
e su
b-ne
twor
ks w
ere
deve
lope
d in
Liv
ing
Labs
and
w
ere
used
by
the
anti-
corp
orat
e ac
tivis
ts o
f th
e 20
10s
econ
omic
dow
ntur
n.
2015
: The
firs
t 3D
prin
ters
for t
he m
ass
mar
ket a
rriv
e. A
t firs
t, co
nsum
ers
have
to
buy
spe
cific
ally
pac
ked
mat
eria
ls fo
r th
e pr
inte
rs to
wor
k. T
hey
are
insp
ired
by
wor
k at
MIT
’s F
ab L
abs.
Soo
n co
nsum
ers
star
t to
com
e up
with
thei
r ow
n so
lutio
ns.
2017
: The
Chr
istm
as m
arke
ts s
ee a
flur
ry o
f exc
item
ent o
ver 3
D p
rintin
g.
2017
: A E
urop
e-w
ide
stud
y re
veal
s th
at s
us-
tain
abili
ty a
nd e
thic
s ar
e th
e m
ain
mot
ivat
iona
l dr
iver
s fo
r wor
kers
.
2018
: Tha
nks
to c
row
d-so
urci
ng, w
e kn
ow
that
the
econ
omic
impa
ct o
f nea
rly e
very
-th
ing:
Eco
pidi
a is
cre
ated
. Eve
ntua
lly th
is
tran
sfor
ms
into
GEK
S, t
he G
loba
l Exc
hang
e an
d K
now
ledg
e S
yste
m, a
tool
that
con
-ne
cts
info
rmat
ion
and
help
s su
ppor
t sus
-ta
inab
ility
wor
ldw
ide.
2018
: Cus
tom
ised
3D
prin
ters
that
can
us
e re
cycl
ed m
ater
ials
sta
rt to
dom
inat
e th
e m
arke
ts a
nd m
ore
trad
ition
al c
om-
pani
es s
trug
gle
to c
ompe
te w
ith g
oods
pr
oduc
ed a
t hom
e.
2015
: A g
loba
l net
wor
k of
ene
rgy-
cons
ciou
s co
nsum
ers
star
ts o
penl
y us
ing
elec
tric
car
s, s
mar
t con
sum
ptio
n so
lutio
ns a
nd to
mon
itor t
heir
pers
onal
ev
eryd
ay c
limat
e im
pact
.The
se e
arly
ad
opte
rs h
elp
crea
te g
row
ing
plat
form
s fo
r em
ergi
ng te
chno
logi
es a
nd m
omen
-tu
m fo
r sup
port
ive
polic
ies.
2019
: Com
pani
es h
ave
embr
aced
sus
tain
-ab
le p
ract
ices
in o
rder
to in
crea
se e
mpl
oy-
ee m
otiv
atio
n. S
tep
by s
tep
this
lead
s to
a
beha
viou
r cha
nge
in p
eopl
es’ l
ives
as
wel
l. W
ork
and
hom
e be
havi
ours
sta
rt to
ove
rlap
with
eac
h ot
her.
2019
: Ear
th
trea
ty b
y U
N: n
atio
nal
dem
oc-
racy
has
to
resp
ect t
he
limits
of t
he
eart
h.
2015
2
02
0
2
025
My
son
neve
r bu
ys
anyt
hing
that
is m
ass-
prod
uced
. He
wan
ts
to c
usto
mis
e it
all b
y hi
mse
lf. I
thin
k al
l of
his
clot
hes
are
cust
om
mad
e.
“I fo
und
your
flat
to b
e ve
ry in
ef-
ficie
nt in
ene
rgy
use,
” st
ates
an
ener
gy r
epai
r se
rvic
e th
at h
as m
oni-
tore
d m
y ap
artm
ent.
I can
use
the
high
ly e
ffici
ent u
rban
mob
ility
sys
-te
m to
buy
gro
cerie
s an
d ha
ve th
em d
eliv
ered
st
raig
ht to
my
hom
e.
Whe
n I l
ook
outs
ide
the
win
dow
, I
can
enjo
y gr
een
wal
ls b
loom
ing
with
flo
wer
s, th
e pu
mp
clea
ning
the
wa-
ter,
the
sola
r pa
nels
slo
wly
turn
ing
to
the
sun.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 2
9
2020
: The
big
gest
com
pany
onl
ine
laun
ches
its
“sm
art l
ife”
and
“sm
art c
ities
” se
rvic
es o
fferin
g se
vera
l pr
ogra
mm
es th
at h
elp
mak
e sm
art c
hoic
es re
gard
ing
thin
gs li
ke h
ealth
y an
d re
sour
ce e
ffici
ent f
ood,
id
entif
ying
the
mos
t sus
tain
able
mob
ility
cho
ices
, set
ting
the
optim
al te
mpe
ratu
re a
nd li
ghtin
g le
vels
in
your
hom
e or
dec
idin
g w
hen
to re
trofi
t you
r hou
se o
r cal
l som
eone
to re
pair
your
inef
ficie
nt fr
idge
.
2020
: Com
pani
es re
desi
gn th
eir
hum
an re
sour
ces
stra
tegi
es a
s an
incr
easi
ng n
umbe
r of t
alen
ted
indi
vidu
als
star
t loo
king
for e
ntre
-pr
eneu
rial o
ppor
tuni
ties.
2021
: A n
etw
ork
of e
nerg
y co
nsci
ous
cons
umer
s w
ho h
ave
open
ly p
ublis
hed
thei
r clim
ate
impa
ct
info
rmat
ion,
pro
pose
as
a ci
tizen
s’ a
ct to
sca
le u
p th
eir b
ehav
iour
. Hac
kath
on e
vent
s po
wer
sim
ilar
citiz
en in
itiat
ives
acr
oss
all E
U c
ount
ries.
The
goa
l is
to re
form
taxa
tion
so th
at it
sup
port
s su
stai
nabl
e co
nsum
er c
hoic
es.
2024
: Con
sum
er b
rand
s th
at h
ave
not y
et s
tart
ed to
op
erat
e su
stai
nabl
y st
art t
o ov
erpr
oduc
e. T
his
cycl
e dr
amat
ical
ly d
ecre
ases
the
qual
ity o
f the
pro
duct
s an
d m
ore
peop
le tu
rn to
war
ds s
elf-
cust
omiz
atio
n.
2023
: Aug
men
ted-
real
ity s
ervi
ces
beco
me
avai
l-ab
le in
300
Eur
opea
n ci
ties.
The
se s
ervi
ces
alte
r w
orld
-vie
ws
and
lifes
tyle
s si
gnifi
cant
ly a
s th
e ne
ed to
trav
el a
nd c
onst
ruct
dec
reas
es.
2025
: Peo
ple
acro
ss d
iffer
-en
t net
wor
ks fi
nd a
wid
e ra
nge
of m
eans
to s
ecur
e an
inco
me
by d
oing
diff
er-
ent k
inds
of m
icro
wor
k.
2025
: Bas
ed o
n th
e ci
tizen
s’ a
cts
of th
e ea
rly
2020
s, a
ll EU
cou
ntrie
s re
form
thei
r tax
atio
n to
incl
ude
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s in
pric
es.
2024
: City
3.0
and
the
“int
erne
t of t
hing
s”: s
endi
ng
info
rmat
ion
to a
part
men
t blo
ck-b
ased
3D
prin
t-er
s in
ord
er to
cre
ate
any
obje
cts
e.g.
com
pute
rs.
Rep
rodu
ctio
n st
arts
at c
ity le
vel,
whi
ch d
efine
s th
e st
ruct
ure
of th
e ph
ysic
al s
pace
.
A fr
iend
of m
ine
cam
e to
ta
ke a
look
at m
y ap
art-
men
t with
his
hea
t cam
era.
S
he c
heck
ed m
y en
ergy
co
nsum
ptio
n an
d I o
rder
ed
ener
gy r
etro
fittin
g fr
om h
er
on th
e sp
ot!
2
020
2
02
5
I’m a
par
t of a
No-
Impa
ct
Gro
up th
at w
as fo
rmed
5
year
s ag
o. It
rea
lly
show
ed p
eopl
e th
at it
is
pos
sibl
e to
live
with
in
plan
etar
y lim
its.
“My
kids
say
th
ere
are
enou
gh e
xcit-
ing
thin
gs to
di
scov
er in
di
gita
l sch
ools
, vi
rtua
l tou
rism
se
rvic
es a
nd
augm
ente
d re
ality
gam
es.
You
don’
t ne
ed to
trav
el
to h
ave
new
ex
perie
nces
as
I onc
e di
d.”
Eve
ry v
illag
e an
d su
burb
has
a r
emot
e co
-wor
king
spa
ce
that
allo
ws
peop
le to
get
toge
ther
, sha
re th
ough
ts a
nd
redu
ce th
e ne
ed to
com
mut
e. E
very
mun
icip
ality
set
s up
thes
e sp
aces
for
peop
le to
wor
k or
eve
n to
get
new
jo
bs, b
ased
on
earli
er s
hare
d br
ains
torm
ing
sess
ion
and
coop
erat
ion.
2019
: Th
anks
to G
EKS
, di
vers
e da
ta re
gard
ing
peop
les’
hom
es is
gat
h-er
ed. B
ased
on
this
dat
a,
inha
bita
nts
rece
ive
feed
-ba
ck w
hich
enc
oura
ges
hom
e re
paire
s th
at h
elp
to
max
imiz
e en
ergy
effi
cien
cy.
Mul
ti-pl
ayer
s
open
-air
gam
esA
ugm
ente
d
real
ity g
lass
es
30 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
3rd
indu
stria
l rev
olut
ion
Ubi
tech
eco
nom
y
Wik
idem
ocra
cy
2027
: A c
ar s
harin
g co
mpa
ny th
at u
ses
an “
acce
ss”
busi
ness
mod
el ri
vals
tr
aditi
onal
mar
ket l
eade
rs in
mob
ility
an
d ac
quire
s on
e of
the
trad
ition
al c
ar
com
pani
es.
2027
: The
exa
mpl
e of
pee
r pow
er th
at p
rodu
ced
the
fam
ous
citiz
en
mov
emen
t for
sus
tain
abili
ty in
the
early
202
0s, i
nspi
res
man
y m
ore
of
thes
e ci
tizen
s’ a
cts.
Lar
ge n
umbe
rs o
f peo
ple
draf
t citi
zen
mov
emen
ts
that
are
bas
ed o
n no
ted
best
pra
ctic
es –
thes
e m
ovem
ents
soo
n st
art
to s
hape
mai
nstr
eam
life
styl
es.
2027
: Rec
ogni
tion
is g
iven
to
peop
le in
way
s th
at d
o no
t m
ake
narr
ow a
ssum
ptio
ns
abou
t ind
ivid
ual’s
wor
k.
2029
: 80%
of E
ston
ian
citiz
ens
own
a pe
r-so
nal a
pplia
nce
that
opt
imiz
es th
eir m
obili
ty,
diet
s an
d el
ectr
icity
con
sum
ptio
n th
roug
h co
nsta
nt re
cogn
ition
and
feed
back
of t
heir
cons
umer
cho
ices
. The
se p
erso
nal a
ppli-
ance
s, fo
r exa
mpl
e, h
elp
peop
le to
opt
imis
e pu
blic
tran
spor
tatio
n us
e an
d en
able
diff
eren
t ty
pes
of v
ehic
le a
nd ri
de s
harin
g sc
hem
es.
2030
: Uni
vers
al tr
ansl
a-to
r app
s m
ake
it po
s-si
ble
for c
omm
uniti
es
wor
ldw
ide
to c
omm
u-ni
cate
with
eve
ryon
e ev
eryw
here
.
2031
: Sm
art t
echn
olog
ies
and
augm
ente
d-re
ality
se
rvic
es h
ave
prod
uced
a n
ew b
usin
ess
sect
or th
at
doub
les
its s
ize
each
yea
r for
the
next
thre
e ye
ars.
A
ccor
ding
to s
tudi
es th
is s
ecto
r em
ploy
s ei
ght m
illio
n pe
ople
Eur
ope-
wid
e.
2026
: Due
to th
e 3D
-prin
t-in
g m
arke
t, th
e N
asda
q su
ccee
ds th
e D
ow J
ones
as
the
glob
ally
rele
vant
m
arke
t ind
ex.
2026
: A n
ew c
ompa
ny th
at
faci
litat
es d
iffer
ent m
icro
wor
k op
port
uniti
es, i
s am
ong
the
big-
gest
com
pani
es in
Eur
ope.
2026
: Use
r gro
up o
rient
ed
hosp
itals
em
erge
and
peo
ple
who
sha
re s
imila
r gen
etic
risk
pr
ofile
s fo
r cer
tain
dis
ease
s he
lp p
rovi
de b
est p
ossi
ble
care
, kno
wle
dge
and
reac
tion
time
for i
ts c
usto
mer
s.
I onl
y bu
y bo
oks
with
virt
ual m
oney
. It
mak
es n
o se
nse
for
me
to u
se “
real
” cu
rren
cies
any
mor
e to
buy
boo
ks.
20
30
Ther
e’s
a hi
gh e
ffici
ency
inte
r-m
odal
ity s
yste
m th
at
lets
me
trav
el b
y bi
ke, t
rain
and
sha
red
car
– al
l w
ithin
the
sam
e ne
twor
k.
The
Wis
e P
erso
nal F
ood
Sho
pper
-a
pplic
atio
n an
alys
es u
ser’s
gen
etic
da
ta a
nd p
ropo
ses
heal
thy
diet
s.
To b
e ho
nest
, I h
aven
’t se
en
a ne
w b
uild
ing
cons
truc
ted
in m
y to
wn
in th
e pa
st fi
ve
year
s. In
stea
d, a
ll of
the
offic
e bu
ildin
gs h
ave
been
ret
rofit
-te
d fo
r re
side
ntia
l use
.
“You
sho
uld
mee
t up
on W
edne
s-da
y in
stea
d of
Tue
sday
as
ther
e’s
very
litt
le d
iffer
ence
in y
our
pref
eren
ces,
but
a h
uge
gap
in
effic
ienc
y in
reg
ard
to m
obili
ty, f
or
inst
ance
.” s
ays
my
phon
e w
hen
I se
t up
a m
eetin
g w
ith m
y fr
iend
.
“I o
ften
log
on to
thes
e pa
rtic
ipat
ive
gove
rnan
ce p
rogr
ams
in o
rder
to m
eet
peop
le w
ith w
hom
I sh
are
com
mon
Bet
ter w
ork
crea
tes
wel
l-bei
ng
Del
iber
ativ
e pr
oces
ses
on lo
cal g
over
nanc
e
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 3
1
2035
2031
: Sm
art t
echn
olog
ies
and
augm
ente
d-re
ality
se
rvic
es h
ave
prod
uced
a n
ew b
usin
ess
sect
or th
at
doub
les
its s
ize
each
yea
r for
the
next
thre
e ye
ars.
A
ccor
ding
to s
tudi
es th
is s
ecto
r em
ploy
s ei
ght m
illio
n
2032
: Cop
yrig
ht is
foun
d to
be
redu
ndan
t, as
the
best
met
hod
to
map
sol
utio
ns is
to c
row
dsou
rce
inpu
ts to
pro
blem
s fro
m re
leva
nt
onlin
e co
mm
uniti
es. A
n ex
plos
ion
of im
mat
eria
l cre
ativ
ity fo
llow
s.
2033
: Val
ue is
cro
wds
ourc
ed th
roug
h ev
ery
piec
e of
mea
ning
ful o
r mea
ning
less
act
ion.
It is
gat
h-er
ed th
roug
h di
ffere
nt s
enso
rs a
nd n
ow e
xcee
ds
the
amou
nt o
f tim
e pe
ople
spe
nd e
xplic
itly
wor
k-in
g. T
he v
irtua
l env
ironm
ent h
as m
ade
it po
ssib
le
for n
eigh
bour
s no
t to
com
pete
with
in th
e m
ater
ial
real
m, w
hich
lead
s to
, inc
redi
ble
amou
nts
of n
ew
onlin
e co
nten
t cre
atio
n.
2036
: Peo
ple
mov
e be
yond
the
divi
sion
bet
wee
n re
al-
life
and
virt
ual i
dent
ities
; wha
teve
r hap
pens
in o
ne
auto
mat
ical
ly fo
llow
s in
to th
e ot
her a
s w
ell.
Peo
ple
-not
cor
pora
tions
- ar
e in
cha
rge
of th
e ne
twor
ks.
“Whe
n I fi
nish
pi
ckin
g up
an
d cu
stom
is-
ing
item
s fr
om
virt
ual c
ata-
logu
es, I
can
ju
st g
o do
wn-
stai
rs a
nd p
ick
them
up
from
th
e 3D
prin
ter
spac
e.”
A n
ew b
ook
com
es o
ut
desc
ribin
g ho
w th
e la
st o
f th
e po
litic
al p
artie
s is
stil
l ha
ngin
g on
in th
ere.
I fin
d th
ese
part
ies
to b
e a
rem
-na
nt o
f pas
t. N
ow p
oliti
cal
deci
sion
s st
art f
rom
, and
ar
e in
timat
ely
linke
d to
, ev
eryd
ay p
ract
ices
.
This
old
offi
ce b
uild
-in
g is
ren
ovat
ed a
nd
will
bec
ome
a hi
ghly
en
ergy
effi
cien
t hom
e fo
r m
any
fam
ilies
. Th
ese
are
amon
g th
e m
ost w
ante
d ho
mes
av
aila
ble!
3D p
rintin
g an
d se
lf-pr
otot
ypin
g fa
cilit
ies.
2034
: The
clim
ate
chan
ge d
enia
l of
the
21st
cen
tury
is v
iew
ed a
s so
me-
thin
g co
mpa
rabl
e to
the
witc
h hu
nts
of th
e 17
th c
entu
ry.
My
frie
nd w
ho’s
be
en p
artia
lly
disa
bled
for
the
past
10
year
s is
an
act
ive
part
icip
ant i
n so
-ci
ety,
as
digi
tal t
ools
hav
e em
pow
ered
him
to a
cces
s in
form
atio
n an
d se
rvic
es
as e
ffici
ently
as
anyo
ne
coul
d im
agin
e.
I don
’t ev
en h
ave
to u
se
repa
ir se
rvic
es a
s I c
an
just
upg
rade
my
mod
ular
app
lianc
e by
prin
ting
off a
new
pa
rt fo
r it.
“I s
pend
mos
t of
my
time
very
ef
ficie
ntly
. Eve
n w
hen
trav
ellin
g, I’
m
com
plet
ing
a m
ul-
titud
e of
diff
eren
t m
icro
task
s.”
2033
: Use
r gro
up o
rient
ed h
ospi
tals
in
itiat
e a
citiz
ens’
act
to a
lloca
te m
ost
avai
labl
e he
alth
care
fund
s to
sup
port
-in
g th
ese
hosp
itals
spe
cific
ally
.
inte
rest
s. W
e re
gula
rly p
ropo
se
initi
ativ
es th
at la
ter
beco
me
the
basi
s of
new
pol
icie
s.”
Loca
l ci
tizen
ship
ne
twor
ks
Del
iber
ativ
e pr
oces
ses
32 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
3rd
indu
stria
l rev
olut
ion
Ubi
tech
eco
nom
y
Bet
ter w
ork
crea
tes
wel
l-bei
ng
Wik
idem
ocra
cy20
44: C
itize
n m
ovem
ents
repl
ace
trad
ition
al p
oliti
cal m
echa
nism
s in
de
cisi
on-m
akin
g. P
eer-
to-p
eer p
ower
fo
rms
the
basi
s of
“w
ikid
emoc
racy
.”
2045
: New
ly s
et s
tand
ards
are
fo
rmed
for d
igita
l net
wor
ks to
se
rve
as a
pla
tform
for p
rovi
d-in
g m
anuf
actu
ring
blue
prin
ts.
The
inte
rnet
is o
ne o
f the
se
ad-h
oc n
etw
orks
of k
now
ledg
e ex
chan
ge.
2042
: A g
loba
l act
for s
elf-
surv
eil-
lanc
e ta
kes
plac
e, in
itiat
ed b
y m
any
of th
e pe
er-t
o-pe
er n
etw
orks
. Eve
ry
digi
tal i
tem
con
nect
ed to
the
glob
al
netw
ork
oper
ates
with
in s
usta
inab
le
para
met
ers.
Exc
eedi
ng th
ese
pa-
ram
eter
s is
onl
y po
ssib
le o
utsi
de th
e di
gita
l rea
lm (w
hich
for t
he m
ajor
ity
of th
e pe
ople
is im
poss
ible
).
“Our
Act
ive
Hou
se is
con
stan
tly
optim
isin
g th
e w
ay w
e liv
e, fr
om
sugg
estin
g gr
een
cook
ing
reci
-pe
s an
d au
tom
atic
ally
pre
vent
-in
g fo
od w
aste
to im
plem
entin
g E
nerg
y W
atch
er d
ietin
g pr
o-gr
ams
for
the
fam
ily.”
2040
: Diff
eren
t int
eres
t gro
ups
prov
ide
blue
prin
ts fo
r ind
ivid
uals
to
gat
her r
esou
rces
and
“pr
int”
th
eir o
wn
item
s, a
lthou
gh in
hig
hly
cust
omis
ed w
ays.
Mos
t cor
pora
-tio
ns h
ave
been
suc
ceed
ed b
y su
ch in
tere
st g
roup
s.
2040
: Sus
tain
abili
ty is
not
eve
n ta
lked
abo
ut a
nym
ore
as b
y 20
34 g
loba
l kn
owle
dge
of w
hat c
an a
nd c
anno
t be
done
with
in th
e bo
unda
ries
of
one
Eart
h be
cam
e ap
pare
nt to
eve
ryon
e. W
hat w
ere
seen
as
sust
aina
ble
lifes
tyle
s in
201
2 ar
e si
mpl
y ra
tiona
l cho
ices
in 2
040.
2040
2
04
5
I am
a m
embe
r of
a h
ealth
cen
-tr
e w
ith m
y pe
ers.
Thi
s sp
ecifi
c ce
ntre
is o
ptim
ised
for
peop
le
who
hav
e th
e sa
me
gene
tic r
isk
profi
les
as I
do.
Sen
sors
and
feed
-ba
ck s
yste
ms
Situ
ated
adv
ise
on
ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
I mon
itor
my
heal
th c
onst
antly
th
roug
h th
ese
sens
ors
that
are
in
stal
led
in m
y ar
m. I
t’s a
rel
ief.
Wha
teve
r ha
ppen
s, m
y ho
spita
l is
aw
are
of m
y co
nditi
on a
nd I
save
a lo
t of m
oney
, ene
rgy
and
effo
rt s
ince
I do
n’t h
ave
to d
o th
e ev
alua
tions
mys
elf.
I can
trus
t my
doct
ors
to d
o th
em –
no
mor
e fu
tile
visi
ts to
the
hosp
ital!
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 3
3
2046
: The
val
ue o
f life
com
es fr
om n
etw
orks
. To
exis
t is
to b
e pa
rt o
f a
spec
ific
netw
ork.
Peo
ple
build
thei
r rep
utat
ions
virt
ually
and
thos
e w
ith a
goo
d re
puta
tion
can
join
net
wor
ks m
ore
easi
ly th
an o
ther
s.
Whi
le th
e ru
les
and
guid
elin
es o
f diff
eren
t com
mun
ities
diff
er, i
nter
act-
ing
in th
e vi
rtua
l rea
lm is
one
of t
he b
asic
form
s of
hum
an b
ehav
iour
.
2049
: Con
sum
ers
recy
cle
ever
ythi
ng in
th
eir “
prin
ters
.” T
he o
nly
trad
ition
al fa
ctor
y le
ft in
Eur
ope
prod
uces
apa
rtm
ent b
lock
-sc
ale
3D p
rinte
rs.
I des
ign
my
hom
e’s
new
in
terio
r by
put
ting
my
old
chai
r in
to m
y pr
inte
r so
that
I c
an g
et a
new
on
e as
a r
esul
t.
2
05
0
The
Dom
estic
Fee
dbac
k S
ervi
ce
allo
ws
seni
ors
in h
ouse
hold
s to
use
us
er fr
iend
ly s
mar
t hom
e so
lutio
ns
to c
ontr
ol a
nd e
duca
te th
eir
fam
i-lie
s on
sus
tain
able
livi
ng.
My
wife
and
I ha
ve s
ome
old
cook
ing
book
s th
at w
e us
e fo
r ho
me
deco
ratio
n as
we
have
no
othe
r pr
actic
al u
se fo
r th
em. I
t am
uses
us
that
so
muc
h em
-ph
asis
was
onc
e pl
aced
on
the
prep
ara-
tion
of fo
od. I
nste
ad, w
e ju
st u
se o
ur 3
D
prin
ters
to p
rint s
ynth
etic
food
that
has
ve
ry h
igh
nutr
ition
val
ue.
“My
fath
er s
tudi
ed b
io-e
ngin
eerin
g an
d or
gani
c fa
rmin
g an
d no
w h
e is
a c
ook.
Eve
ry
mor
ning
he
look
s fo
r m
icro
-job
off
ers
he c
an r
espo
nd to
, fro
m c
oach
ing
youn
g fa
rmer
s to
doi
ng s
usta
inab
le a
sses
smen
ts o
f the
food
cha
in. A
nd h
e lo
ves
it!”
Wor
king
age
nda
co
mpo
sed
ever
yday
.O
nlin
e ta
sk o
ffers
34 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Mob
ility
(dai
ly a
nd to
uris
m)
11 0
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: bui
ldin
g
2400
kg
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n 26
00 k
g
Leis
ure
time
15
00 k
g
Food
73
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: el
ectr
icity
33
00 k
g
Oth
ers
900
kg
Leis
ure
time
Con
sum
er n
etw
orks
…fir
st o
rgan
ise
into
dec
isio
n m
aker
s th
at a
ffect
loc
al a
nd
glob
al p
olic
ies.
Agi
le m
arke
ting
agen
cies
…m
ake
use
of th
e pe
er in
form
atio
n av
aila
ble
in p
urch
asin
g de
cisi
ons.
Con
stru
ctio
n co
mpa
nies
…st
art s
ellin
g sm
all s
cale
ene
rgy
retr
ofitt
ing
serv
ices
to h
omeo
wne
rs
Gam
ing
indu
stry
…gr
ows
in s
igni
fican
ce a
nd
turn
s in
to a
gia
nt c
row
dsou
rc-
ing
mec
hani
sm th
at c
ombi
nes
play
ing
and
wor
k.
Sm
art
mob
ility
com
pani
es
…co
me
up w
ith p
erso
naliz
ed s
olu-
tions
that
let p
eopl
e op
timiz
e th
eir
mob
ility
bas
ed o
n th
eir
need
s.
Gat
ekee
pers
for l
ifest
yle
chan
ges
Six
-pac
k of
mos
t infl
uent
ial l
ifest
yle
trigg
ers
1.
All
appl
ianc
es a
nd b
uild
ings
are
equ
ippe
d w
ith th
e te
chno
logy
to a
dvis
e th
eir u
sers
on
smar
t use
an
d m
aint
enan
ce re
quire
men
ts. S
mar
t, en
ergy
effi
cien
t use
is th
e de
faul
t opt
ion.
With
the
help
of
dive
rse
and
plen
tiful
dat
a ab
out t
heir
own
and
thei
r pee
rs’ h
omes
, peo
ple
rece
ive
feed
back
that
en
cour
ages
them
to re
pair
thei
r hom
es s
o th
ey re
ach
max
imum
ene
rgy
effic
ienc
y.
2.
Sm
art m
obili
ty s
ervi
ces
chan
ge th
e w
ay p
eopl
e pl
an th
eir t
ime,
and
how
they
com
bine
rout
es a
nd
mod
es o
f tra
nspo
rt. T
hese
ser
vice
s he
lp to
opt
imiz
e pu
blic
tran
spor
tatio
n us
e an
d en
able
the
de-
velo
pmen
t of v
ehic
le a
nd ri
de s
harin
g sc
hem
es.
3.
Ubi
quito
us te
chno
logi
es g
ive
rise
to a
new
eco
syst
em o
f Pee
r-to
-Pee
r—se
rvic
es th
at a
re a
vaila
ble
for p
eopl
e w
hene
ver t
hey
need
or w
ant t
hem
. The
se s
ervi
ces
with
retr
ofitt
ing
hom
es o
r cho
osin
g su
stai
nabl
e di
etar
y op
tions
, am
ong
othe
r thi
ngs.
4.
A n
ew g
ener
atio
n of
virt
ual r
ealit
y an
d on
line
com
mun
ities
bec
omes
pop
ular
, whi
ch m
eans
a d
e-cr
ease
in n
eeds
for l
arge
livi
ng s
pace
s, fu
rnitu
re a
nd e
ven
food
stuf
fs.
5.
The
scal
e up
of 3
D-p
rintin
g ch
ange
s th
e w
ay p
eopl
e se
ek s
elf-
actu
alis
atio
n. C
onsu
min
g go
ods
desi
gned
and
mad
e by
som
eone
els
e is
no
long
er th
e m
ost e
labo
rate
way
to e
xpre
ss o
ne’s
iden
tity
and
styl
e. In
stea
d, p
eopl
e co
llect
ivel
y de
sign
the
good
s th
ey d
esire
and
wan
t to
be id
entifi
ed w
ith.
6.
Onl
ine
netw
orks
bui
lt on
a s
hare
d in
tere
st in
life
styl
e is
sues
ena
ble
peop
le to
real
ise
thei
r pot
entia
l an
d to
con
stitu
te th
emse
lves
as
grou
ps w
ith p
oliti
cal p
ower
. The
exa
mpl
e an
d su
ppor
t of o
ther
net
-w
ork
mem
bers
enc
oura
ges
expe
rimen
tatio
n w
ith n
ew s
usta
inab
le li
fest
yle
patt
erns
. Gra
dual
ly th
ese
netw
orks
and
exp
erim
ents
gro
w in
to m
ovem
ents
that
sta
rt re
form
ing
the
polit
ical
age
nda.
The
aver
age
mat
eria
l foo
tpri
nt o
f a E
urop
ean
in
2050
in t
he G
over
ning
the
Com
mon
s sc
enar
io (8
000
kg p
er p
erso
n in
a y
ear)
com
pare
d to
the
ave
rage
m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint
in 2
007
(29
000
kg).
Mob
ility
(d
aily
and
tour
ism
) 27
00 k
g
Food
25
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: bu
ildin
g 14
00 k
g
Oth
ers
200
kg
Hou
sing
: el
ectr
icity
30
0 kg
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n 50
0 kg
Leis
ure
time
400
kg
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 3
5
Loca
l Loo
ps
Crit
ical
cha
lleng
es a
nd s
olut
ions
in th
e sc
enar
io G
over
ning
the
Com
mon
sQ
1.
How
to
min
imiz
e th
e co
nsum
ptio
n of
res
ourc
es in
term
s of
pow
er p
rodu
ctio
n an
d IC
T pr
oduc
tion?
1.
Ener
gy is
pro
duce
d fro
m d
iver
se re
new
able
sou
rces
and
di
strib
uted
with
the
help
of a
Eur
ope-
wid
e su
per g
rid.
2.
Foss
il fu
els
phas
ed o
ut fo
llow
ing
a gl
obal
trea
ty. L
ots
of
play
ers
in e
nerg
y m
arke
ts h
arne
ssin
g va
rious
sou
rces
.
3.
Virt
ual s
ervi
ces,
ent
erta
inm
ent a
nd c
omm
uniti
es a
re
so a
ttra
ctiv
e th
at it
has
redu
ced
the
need
for s
pace
in
hom
es. U
biqu
itous
tech
nolo
gies
hav
e en
able
d gr
owth
of
serv
ices
that
incr
ease
sm
art a
nd e
ffici
ent u
se o
f hom
es.
4.
Peo
ple
use
less
ICT
appl
ianc
es, b
ecau
se th
ere
is o
nly
need
for o
ne d
evic
e yo
u al
way
s ca
rry.
Mod
ular
app
li-an
ces
and
cent
raliz
ed c
loud
farm
s w
ith o
ptim
al lo
catio
n en
sure
long
life
-cyc
le fo
r app
lianc
es, a
s w
ell a
s ef
ficie
nt
reso
urce
use
.
Q2.
H
ow t
o lim
it m
obili
ty a
nd t
he e
nvir
onm
enta
l im
pact
s
of in
form
atio
n te
chno
logy
in a
ubi
quito
us s
ocie
ty?
1.
Virt
ual c
onsu
mpt
ion,
per
sona
l opt
imiz
atio
n an
d di
rect
be
havi
oura
l fee
dbac
k re
duce
com
mut
ing
and
trav
el
need
s. M
eetin
g vi
rtua
lly is
che
aper
, sm
arte
r and
coo
ler.
2.
Alth
ough
peo
ple
don’
t fee
l the
re is
muc
h ne
ed fo
r tr
avel
ling
any
mor
e, s
mar
t and
flex
ible
pub
lic tr
ansp
ort,
car-
shar
ing
and
slow
air
trav
el (e
.g. s
olar
Zep
pelin
es) a
re
in u
se to
som
e ex
tent
.
3.
Citi
es a
re d
ense
. The
re a
re fe
w n
ew b
uild
ings
and
re
trofi
tted
flat
s. T
he b
asic
infr
astr
uctu
re o
f the
201
0’s
rem
ains
.
4.
Cha
ngin
g pr
oduc
tion
and
empl
oym
ent p
atte
rns
mak
e a
larg
e pa
rt o
f offi
ce b
uild
ing
stoc
k re
dund
ant i
n th
eir
prev
ious
use
. Thi
s ha
s en
able
d sm
art u
rban
gro
wth
: af-
ford
able
new
hom
es in
cen
tral
loca
tions
.
Q3.
H
ow t
o m
ake
sure
tha
t de
cent
raliz
ed p
rodu
ctio
n
of
item
s pr
omot
es s
usta
inab
ility
?
1.
Alth
ough
3D
com
pone
nt p
rintin
g an
d 3D
sho
ppin
g cu
l-tu
re h
ave
beco
me
popu
lar,
virt
ual c
onsu
mpt
ion
ensu
res
that
peo
ple
own
only
a s
mal
l am
ount
of t
ailo
red
pers
onal
go
ods.
The
se a
re m
ainl
y m
ade
out o
f rec
ycle
d m
ater
i-al
s in
ord
er to
com
ply
with
the
glob
al tr
eaty
on
reso
urce
ef
ficie
ncy.
36 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Loca
l Loo
ps
The
dram
atic
rise
of r
esou
rce
pric
es a
nd th
e sc
ar-
city
of o
il fi
nally
arr
ives
in la
te 2
010s
, tho
ugh
it co
mes
as
a gr
eat s
urpr
ise
to m
any.
Sev
eral
com
-pa
nies
, pol
itici
ans
and
citiz
ens
wer
e ill
-pre
pare
d fo
r an
era
of ra
dica
l ris
e of
reso
urce
pric
es a
nd
oil s
carc
ity. T
he ri
se o
f log
istic
s co
sts
mea
nt a
sh
ift to
war
ds lo
cal p
rodu
ctio
n. T
his
mak
es p
eopl
e vi
ew lo
cal r
esou
rces
, lik
e so
il, in
a n
ew li
ght.
As
a re
actio
n to
the
new
era
of g
row
ing
reso
urce
pr
ices
in th
e 20
20s,
ther
e w
as a
citi
zen
upris
ing,
w
hich
forc
ed s
ever
al E
urop
ean
stat
es a
nd th
e EU
to
laun
ch n
ew p
rogr
amm
es to
re-d
efine
pol
icy
stru
ctur
es to
sup
port
the
reso
urce
con
stra
ined
re
ality
. The
new
pro
gram
mes
wer
e ba
sed
on a
n id
ea o
f “lo
cal r
esou
rce
loop
s”, r
efer
ring
to lo
cal
regi
ons
that
are
sel
f-su
ffici
ent i
n ke
y re
sour
ces.
Th
ese
prog
ram
mes
foun
d in
spira
tion
in tr
ansi
-tio
n to
wn
and
eco-
villa
ge e
xper
imen
ts th
at h
ad
been
gro
win
g st
eadi
ly in
the
prev
ious
dec
ades
. Th
is d
oes
not m
ean
that
all
prod
uctio
n of
food
or
ener
gy n
eces
saril
y ha
ppen
s w
ithin
the
city
lim
its,
but r
athe
r tha
t citi
es h
ave
man
agem
ent s
yste
ms
help
ing
to m
ap re
sour
ce fl
ows
and
mai
ntai
n cl
ose
ties
with
pro
duct
ion
faci
litie
s cr
eatin
g a
Loca
l Lo
op w
ith th
em.
In th
e w
orld
of L
ocal
Loo
ps s
cien
tific
expe
rtis
e st
ill d
omin
ates
glo
bal s
truc
ture
s. T
he te
chno
logi
-ca
l and
sci
entifi
c kn
owle
dge
base
is g
loba
l and
ev
enly
dis
trib
uted
. But
the
emph
asis
of m
any
busi
ness
es a
nd p
rofe
ssio
ns is
on
user
-cen
tred
de
sign
that
pro
duce
s sm
art a
nd c
reat
ive
loca
l ad
apta
tions
. In
thei
r hea
rts
and
min
ds p
eopl
e st
ill
reco
gniz
e th
eir d
epen
denc
e on
glo
bal n
etw
orks
, bu
t the
y va
lue
loca
l pro
duct
s an
d cu
lture
mor
e
than
per
haps
pre
cedi
ng g
ener
atio
ns d
id. C
on-
sum
er c
hoic
es b
ecom
e m
ore
unifo
rm –
onl
y a
few
wou
ld b
uy fu
rnitu
re, c
loth
es, c
hees
e or
cer
e-al
s pr
oduc
ed o
utsi
de th
eir L
ocal
Loo
p. F
orei
gn
desi
gns
and
flavo
urs
just
are
not
app
ealin
g to
the
aver
age
cons
umer
any
mor
e. T
his
all m
arks
a n
ew
phas
e of
glo
bal c
ultu
re a
nd g
loba
lizat
ion.
All
loop
s ha
ve th
eir o
wn
com
bina
tion
of in
flu-
entia
l pro
fess
iona
l gro
ups.
Loc
al p
rofe
ssio
nal
guild
s fo
rm th
e co
re o
f loc
al in
nova
tion
syst
ems
and
com
petit
iven
ess.
The
y ar
e al
so a
n ex
trem
ely
impo
rtan
t for
ce in
pol
itics
hel
ping
to p
repa
re le
g-is
latio
n th
at is
bas
ed o
n lo
cal r
esou
rces
, med
ical
pr
actic
es a
nd th
e bo
unda
ries
with
in w
hich
glo
bal
sust
aina
bilit
y is
pos
sibl
e.
In s
ocie
ties
of L
ocal
Loo
ps w
ork
has
a sp
ecia
l va
lue,
par
tly b
ecau
se lo
cal v
alue
cha
ins
are
very
cl
ear.
Peo
ple
unde
rsta
nd th
at th
ey a
re d
epen
d-en
t on
each
oth
ers’
ski
lls. T
his
unde
rline
s th
at
ever
yone
’s w
ork
is m
eani
ngfu
l. O
ther
s kn
ow th
at
they
nee
d yo
ur w
ork;
you
r wor
k so
lves
com
mon
is
sues
. The
bou
ndar
ies
of w
ork
and
free
time
are
uncl
ear.
How
are
sus
tain
able
lif
esty
les
achi
eved
?P
eopl
e sp
end
mos
t of t
heir
time
addi
ng v
alue
to
thei
r com
mun
ities
, whi
ch is
som
ethi
ng th
ey c
an
best
do
thro
ugh
enga
ging
in g
uild
s as
mem
bers
. A
flou
rishi
ng s
ervi
ce s
ecto
r with
in th
e lo
ops
help
s pe
ople
to o
utso
urce
eve
ryda
y ro
utin
es s
uch
as
Sin
gula
r
Sup
er C
ham
pion
s
Loca
l Loo
ps
Gov
erni
ng
the
Com
mon
s
Em
path
etic
C
omm
uniti
es
Pan
dem
ic te
chno
logy
Ende
mic
tech
nolo
gy
Human-centrism
Meritocracy Alte
rnat
ive
Sus
tain
able
S
ocie
ty 3
: Sup
porti
ng 8
000
kg
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
esLo
cal L
oops
is a
sce
nario
in w
hich
a r
adic
al
ener
gy c
risis
forc
es s
ocie
ties
to r
e-ev
alua
te fu
n-da
men
tally
the
foun
datio
ns o
f the
ir w
ell-
bein
g.
Ene
rgy
and
reso
urce
sys
tem
s ar
e in
crea
sing
ly
seen
thou
gh “
Loca
l Loo
ps”,
whi
ch is
a te
chni
-ca
l con
cept
that
can
be
appl
ied
in th
e co
ntex
t of
loca
l and
reg
iona
l pro
duct
ion
cycl
es. P
eo-
ple
build
thei
r lif
esty
le a
nd w
ays
of b
elon
ging
ar
ound
thei
r w
ork,
whi
le te
chno
logy
is b
ette
r ad
apte
d th
roug
h lo
cal d
esig
n so
lutio
ns, w
hich
cr
eate
roo
m fo
r ne
w k
inds
of p
rofe
ssio
nalis
m.
A n
ew e
thos
of c
raft
sman
ship
and
pro
fess
iona
l co
mm
uniti
es s
hape
the
way
peo
ple
live,
org
an-
ize
thei
r w
ork
and
spen
d th
eir
leis
ure
time.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 3
7
cook
ing
or d
oing
laun
dry,
whi
ch in
turn
rele
ases
tim
e fo
r col
labo
ratio
n. T
he c
entr
aliz
ed e
xecu
tion
of th
e fo
rem
entio
ned
hous
ehol
d ta
sks
redu
ces
the
mat
eria
l foo
tprin
t at t
he c
omm
unity
leve
l, by
en-
surin
g th
ere
is le
ss fo
od w
aste
and
mor
e ef
ficie
nt
use
of a
pplia
nces
and
indo
or s
pace
s.
A b
reak
thro
ugh
in s
olar
pan
el te
chno
logy
and
ef-
ficie
nt n
eigh
bour
hood
com
bine
d he
at a
nd p
ower
(C
HP
) sys
tem
s he
lps
to b
ring
carb
on e
mis
sion
s of
livi
ng s
pace
s do
wn.
As
peop
le s
pend
mos
t of
thei
r tim
e in
wor
king
hub
s, c
olla
bora
ting
with
thei
r gu
ild p
eers
, les
s sp
ace
is n
eede
d fo
r hom
es th
an
in 2
012.
Col
labo
rativ
e co
nsum
ptio
n is
per
soni
fied
as m
ost h
ome
appl
ianc
es a
re s
hare
d am
ongs
t ne
ighb
ours
, and
are
loca
ted
in th
e sh
ared
spa
ces
of b
uild
ings
. Rea
lizin
g th
at th
e lo
cally
des
igne
d go
ods
mee
t the
ir ne
eds
bette
r (te
chno
logi
cal i
n-no
vatio
ns h
ave
focu
sed
on lo
cal s
olut
ions
), pe
ople
pr
efer
them
ove
r the
ir in
tern
atio
nal s
ubst
itute
s. L
o-ca
l ada
ptat
ions
are
ver
y ap
peal
ing
to p
eopl
e, th
eir
mai
nten
ance
is e
asie
r and
con
veni
ent r
ecyc
ling
and
up-c
yclin
g se
rvic
es a
re in
pla
ce.
Ther
e is
no
need
to le
ave
one’
s ne
ighb
orho
od
ofte
n as
peo
ple
live
near
by th
eir w
ork,
fam
ily a
nd
peer
s. C
yclin
g ro
utes
and
wal
king
lane
s ar
e in
go
od c
ondi
tion
and
are
built
aro
und
the
best
pos
-si
ble
scen
ery
to m
eet m
ultip
le u
ser n
eeds
. Thi
s ea
sy a
cces
s to
con
veni
ent a
nd h
ealth
y m
obili
ty le
d to
resi
lient
beh
avio
ur c
hang
es, n
udgi
ng p
eopl
e to
w
alk
and
cycl
e to
get
aro
und
inst
ead
of u
sing
car
s or
oth
er im
pact
ful t
rans
port
.
For h
olid
ays
and
leis
ure
time,
new
soc
ial n
orm
s in
cent
ivis
e pe
ople
to s
tay
clos
e to
hom
e. L
ocal
Wha
t is
life
like
in th
e Lo
cal L
oops
?
Wha
t ch
ange
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
050?
Edu
catio
nEd
ucat
ion
is a
bout
tran
smitt
ing
and
shar
ing
skill
s.
Cra
ftsm
ansh
ip a
nd s
peci
aliz
atio
n ar
e pr
omot
ed th
roug
h m
utua
l tea
chin
g an
d pr
oble
m-b
ased
lear
ning
.
Wor
kW
ork
is c
hara
cter
ized
by
enga
gem
ent w
ith is
sues
and
col
labo
ratio
n w
ithin
and
am
ong
guild
s.
Nee
ds m
et b
y ap
plyi
ng d
esig
n th
inki
ng a
nd fo
rmul
atin
g lo
cal s
olut
ions
.
City
Citi
es a
re m
ultic
entr
ed a
nd fo
rmed
into
thei
r ow
n lo
ops.
G
uild
s w
orki
ng a
nd li
ving
in th
e lo
ops
lay
thei
r ow
n st
rong
cha
ract
eris
tics
on th
eir l
oops
.
Hea
lthW
ork
plac
es p
rovi
de h
ealth
-car
e an
d sk
illed
doc
tors
. Th
ere
are
basi
c rig
hts
that
all
regi
ons
agre
e to
prio
ritiz
e w
ith re
gard
to h
ealth
-car
e.
Livi
ngLi
ving
in th
e lo
ops
is c
hara
cter
ized
by
shar
ed s
pace
s, e
xist
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd c
o-w
orki
ng s
pace
s.
Gui
ld m
embe
rs o
ften
live
in th
e sa
me
neig
hbou
rhoo
d
Food
Food
pro
duct
ion
and
dist
ribut
ion
are
mar
ked
by lo
calit
y, m
inim
ized
tran
spor
tatio
n an
d ne
ighb
ourh
ood
cant
eens
. En
ergy
use
d fo
r foo
d pr
oduc
tion
is o
ptim
ized
.
Mob
ility
Tran
spor
tatio
n is
abo
ut w
alka
bilit
y an
d cy
clin
g. E
xist
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re is
opt
imiz
ed.
Inte
rcity
mob
ility
is n
eede
d le
ss a
nd s
ervi
ces
are
hom
e-de
liver
ed. L
ocal
tour
ism
and
long
vac
atio
ns a
re fa
vour
ed b
y pe
ople
.
Con
sum
ptio
nC
onsu
mpt
ion
driv
ers
incl
ude
a m
ass
ques
t to
redu
ce th
e ov
eral
l vol
ume
of a
pplia
nces
nee
ded
thro
ugh
shar
ing
sche
mes
and
re
plac
emen
t ser
vice
s. P
rodu
cts
are
mad
e w
ith h
igh-
qual
ity lo
cal m
ater
ials
and
des
ign.
Ava
ilabi
lity
of fo
reig
n go
ods
is li
mite
d. A
ll pr
oduc
ts a
re re
paira
ble.
Eco
nom
yTh
e ec
onom
y is
bas
ed a
roun
d lo
cal u
ser-
cent
ric a
dapt
atio
ns a
nd e
ffici
ent l
ocal
clu
ster
ing.
Sen
se o
f sec
urity
Sen
se o
f sec
urity
is g
ener
ated
thro
ugh
guild
s an
d un
ders
tand
ing
of h
ow th
e sy
stem
, i.e
. the
clo
sed
cycl
es, w
ork.
P
eopl
e id
entif
y th
emse
lves
prim
arily
as
part
of t
heir
wor
k co
mm
uniti
es.
Leis
ure
time
Peo
ple
have
out
sour
ced
thei
r hou
sew
ork
in o
rder
to b
e ab
le to
max
imiz
e th
eir i
nput
s in
wor
k co
mm
uniti
es.
Leis
ure
time
is m
ostly
spe
nt w
ith g
uild
mem
bers
.
Loca
l Loo
ps s
cena
rio n
arra
tive
–
how
did
it a
ll ha
ppen
? »
Pea
k-oi
l gam
e-ch
ange
r »
Red
isco
very
of l
ocal
reso
urce
s »
Loca
l tur
n »
Cra
ftsm
an a
ttitu
de
Thes
e dr
iver
s ar
e de
pict
ed a
s ev
ents
on
the
timel
ine.
tour
ist d
estin
atio
ns h
ave
incr
ease
d in
num
ber
and
prov
ide
desi
rabl
e re
crea
tiona
l val
ue s
uch
as
loca
l bio
dive
rsity
rese
rves
or f
arm
s pr
oduc
ing
thei
r fav
ourit
e fo
od p
rodu
cts.
In 2
050,
mem
bers
of
som
e fa
mili
es m
ight
stil
l liv
e in
diff
eren
t citi
es. T
o se
e ea
ch o
ther
, fam
ily m
embe
rs m
ay ta
ke lo
nger
ho
liday
s to
geth
er in
one
of t
he lo
cal t
ouris
m d
esti-
natio
ns.
38 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Pea
k-oi
l gam
e-ch
ange
r
Red
isco
very
of l
ocal
reso
urce
s
Loca
l tur
n
Cra
ftsm
an a
ttitu
de
2014
: Ris
e in
glo
bal e
nerg
y pr
ices
and
ot
her c
omm
odity
pric
es s
tart
a n
ew c
y-cl
e of
inde
bted
ness
for m
any
Euro
pean
co
untr
ies.
Thi
s im
pact
s up
on p
eopl
e’s
lives
in th
e fo
rm o
f soa
ring
inte
rest
rate
s as
wel
l as
mor
e ex
pens
ive
food
, tra
ns-
port
atio
n an
d el
ectr
icity
pric
es.
2015
: The
firs
t rep
orts
are
pub
lishe
d ci
ting
un-
tapp
ed lo
cal r
esou
rces
and
em
ergi
ng te
chno
lo-
gies
that
pre
sent
new
opp
ortu
nitie
s fo
r com
mu-
nity
sel
f-su
ffici
ency
.
2014
: Eur
opea
n P
arlia
men
tary
ele
ctio
ns
cata
lyze
a s
erie
s of
new
exp
ress
ions
on
long
term
goa
ls fo
r the
regi
on o
f wha
t the
EU
is a
ll ab
out.
Sev
eral
par
ties
cam
paig
n w
ith s
loga
ns a
nd to
pics
that
hig
hlig
ht th
e EU
as
a sa
fegu
ard
that
sec
ures
pro
gres
s th
at is
em
bedd
ed in
loca
l res
ourc
es a
nd
trad
ition
s.
2015
: A g
roup
of w
orke
rs in
Irel
and
laun
ches
the
New
Cra
ftsm
ansh
ip-
Inde
x to
mea
sure
em
ploy
ee e
ngag
e-m
ent,
mot
ivat
ion
and
a se
nse
of
usef
ulne
ss a
nd p
urpo
se in
thei
r wor
k.2016
: Man
y se
min
ars
deba
t-in
g th
e Eu
rope
an d
ebt c
risis
co
ncer
n th
emse
lves
incr
eas-
ingl
y w
ith th
e re
veal
ed li
nk b
e-tw
een
a co
untr
y’s
high
ene
rgy
depe
nden
cy a
nd p
ublic
deb
t.
2017
: Tw
elve
Eur
opea
n ci
ties
publ
ish
a jo
int i
nitia
tive
on th
e “L
ocal
Loo
ps E
cono
my”
bas
ed o
n th
e ea
rlier
20
00W
soc
iety
initi
ativ
e th
at a
imed
at e
nerg
y in
de-
pend
ence
. Eac
h of
thes
e ci
ties
star
ts im
plem
entin
g th
e in
itiat
ive
with
thei
r ow
n pr
ogra
mm
es a
nd d
efin-
ing
mea
sure
s an
d st
anda
rds
for t
he fi
elds
of b
uild
ing,
en
ergy
and
food
.
2018
: Sev
eral
Eur
opea
n co
untr
ies
refo
rm th
eir
econ
omic
pol
icie
s an
d go
vern
men
tal s
truc
ture
s.
Afte
r the
refo
rm, e
nerg
y an
d na
tura
l res
ourc
e po
li-ci
es fo
rm th
e co
re o
f eco
nom
ic p
olic
y.
2019
: Gro
ups
of c
ompa
nies
and
uni
vers
ities
join
the
Loca
l Lo
ops
Econ
omy
initi
ativ
e an
d an
noun
ce th
e cr
eatio
n of
par
t-ne
rshi
ps w
here
the
citie
s de
velo
p an
d te
st n
ew te
chno
logi
es
and
serv
ice
mod
els
that
sup
port
Loc
al L
oops
.
2019
: In
Ger
man
y, s
ome
prog
ress
ive
citie
s w
ith w
ell-t
rave
lled
inte
rnat
iona
l pop
ulat
ions
sta
rt a
mov
emen
t of c
yber
-loca
lism
th
at c
eleb
rate
s gl
obal
cul
ture
and
tech
nolo
gy to
geth
er w
ith
trad
ition
al w
ays
of b
uild
ing
and
agric
ultu
re.
“For
my
husb
and
and
me,
leis
ure
mea
ns v
isiti
ng o
ne th
e Lo
cal G
astr
onom
y G
uild
s ar
ound
, who
are
rei
nven
ting
new
rec
ipes
from
loca
l sea
sona
l foo
d.”
I’ve
hear
d ab
out t
his
new
type
of
cra
ftm
ansh
ip c
ultu
re. A
ppar
-en
tly it
has
em
erge
d re
cent
ly
and
has
star
ted
to d
efine
an
era
of u
ser-
led
desi
gn. I
t loo
ks li
ke a
go
od th
ing,
as
the
maj
ority
of a
pplia
nces
, cl
othe
s an
d fu
rnitu
re a
re lo
cally
pro
duce
d ye
t the
y co
me
in d
iver
se d
esig
ns fi
ttin
g di
f-fe
rent
use
r gr
oups
.
I tho
roug
hly
enjo
y liv
ing
in
the
“ten
min
ute
city
” th
at w
e ha
ve h
ere
in
Sto
ckho
lm! I
do
n’t h
ave
to
wor
ry a
bout
sp
endi
ng ti
me
in
tran
sit a
s al
l the
se
rvic
es I
need
ar
e ju
st te
n m
in-
utes
aw
ay.
2
015
Som
e of
the
larg
e di
stric
ts h
ere
in
Am
ster
dam
are
com
plet
ely
car
free
. Th
is m
eans
I ca
n en
joy
it ei
ther
by
wal
king
or
cycl
ing
bett
er th
an e
ver
befo
re.
Ope
n ki
tche
ns p
rom
otin
g lo
cal
gast
rono
my
Food
less
ons
of
gree
n co
okin
g
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 3
9
2020
: A s
tudy
pub
lishe
d in
Lon
-do
n pr
opos
ing
a ne
w m
anag
e-m
ent m
etho
d th
at fo
cuse
s on
the
inte
grity
of p
rofe
ssio
nal g
roup
s an
d on
agi
le d
ivis
ion
of la
bour
bet
wee
n pr
ofes
sion
als
beco
mes
a b
ests
elle
r, re
volu
tioni
sing
man
agem
ent a
nd
lead
ersh
ip in
man
y co
mpa
nies
.
2023
: A g
roup
of t
op E
urop
ean
univ
ersi
ties
open
s sa
telli
te
cam
puse
s in
Lus
aka,
Bam
ako
and
Bog
ota
supp
orte
d by
thei
r ho
me
citie
s an
d by
som
e of
the
wor
ld’s
big
gest
com
pani
es in
m
inin
g an
d fa
rmin
g. T
he in
tent
is to
sec
ure
the
univ
ersi
ties’
role
as
pla
ces
of s
ocia
l and
tech
nolo
gica
l inn
ovat
ion
sinc
e pr
evio
usly
ex
istin
g gl
obal
sys
tem
s an
d te
chno
logi
cal r
egim
es a
re e
rodi
ng.
Thes
e ne
w u
nive
rsiti
es a
re s
een
as a
way
of a
dapt
ing
som
e of
th
e m
ost l
ong-
last
ing
glob
al s
truc
ture
s, li
ke s
cien
ce, t
o th
e ne
w
era
of lo
calis
m.
2023
: Oil
pric
es c
ontin
ue to
rise
bey
ond
belie
f, pu
shin
g gr
eat n
umbe
rs o
f log
istic
s co
mpa
nies
out
of t
he m
arke
t or f
orci
ng th
em to
sel
l the
ir op
erat
ions
to th
e fe
w re
mai
n-in
g la
rge
ones
. As
a re
sult,
a s
mal
l num
ber o
f firm
s do
min
ate
tran
spor
t mar
kets
in
man
y co
untr
ies,
whi
ch u
ltim
atel
y le
ads
to s
igni
fican
t pric
e in
crea
ses.
2023
: Oil
pric
es b
ecom
e ve
ry v
olat
ile, n
ew p
eak
pric
es a
re re
ache
d in
four
con
secu
tive
year
s an
d th
ere
are
occa
sion
al s
uppl
y sh
orta
ges.
The
se d
rast
ic p
rice
shift
s pe
rsua
de
peop
le to
sta
rt e
xplo
ring
mor
e lo
cal a
nd s
ecur
e pr
oduc
tion
alte
rnat
ives
.
2021
: A n
umbe
r of r
egio
ns a
nd e
ven
som
e na
tions
hav
e m
anag
ed to
mak
e th
eir b
uild
ing,
ene
rgy
and
agric
ultu
ral
sect
ors
self-
suffi
cien
t thr
ough
loca
l res
ourc
es.
2024
: A n
ew fi
eld
of re
sear
ch
that
mod
els
loca
l eco
sys-
tem
s an
d th
e sp
read
of
tech
nolo
gica
l app
licat
ions
be
twee
n re
gion
s em
erge
s in
La
tvia
.
2025
: The
fina
ncia
l mar
ket s
yste
m is
in tu
rmoi
l, re
sulti
ng in
a n
ew w
ave
of b
ankr
uptc
ies
and
bailo
uts
of b
ig c
ompa
nies
in s
trat
egic
sec
tors
(lo
gist
ics,
ban
ks, c
onst
ruct
ion
indu
stry
and
reta
il).
2025
: Lea
ding
eco
nom
ists
in
Slo
veni
a la
unch
the
conc
ept
of th
e “G
uild
Eco
nom
y” th
at
build
s on
find
ings
con
cern
ing
prod
uctiv
ity g
ains
pro
vide
d by
st
rong
gui
ld-li
ke s
truc
ture
s pr
e-se
nt in
man
y ne
ighb
ourh
oods
in
Eur
opea
n ci
ties.
“Loc
al fo
od
only
” to
wns
at
trac
t ple
nty
of
atte
ntio
n w
ith
thei
r vi
bran
t mar
kets
and
ric
h fo
od c
ultu
re.
2
015
20
20
2
02
5
Her
e in
Cop
enha
gen
in o
ur c
o-ho
usin
g fla
t, w
e ju
st b
ough
t a
win
dmill
that
pro
-vi
des
us w
ith e
noug
h en
ergy
to s
uppo
rt
ever
yone
’s n
eeds
.
In o
rder
to g
et a
mas
ter
degr
ee o
f so
cial
sci
ence
s fr
om th
e un
iver
sity
, I
have
to c
ompl
ete
a tw
o-ye
ar p
rofe
s-si
onal
inte
rnsh
ip. I
hav
e to
adm
it th
at
this
put
s so
me
pres
sure
on
me.
It’s
hard
for
me
to fi
nd c
offe
e in
st
ores
now
aday
s. In
stea
d, I
drin
k go
od v
arie
ties
of c
offe
e su
bstit
utes
th
at h
ave
been
dev
elop
ed u
sing
m
oder
n te
chno
logy
.
It am
uses
me
that
just
a w
hile
bac
k,
ther
e w
ere
so m
any
inef
ficie
nt a
ppli-
ance
s on
the
mar
ket.
Now
aday
s, it
’s
such
a p
leas
ure
to g
o an
d bu
y a
new
re
frig
erat
or, s
ince
I kn
ow a
ll of
them
ar
e hi
gh-q
ualit
y an
d co
nsum
e ve
ry
little
ene
rgy.
40 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Pea
k-oi
l gam
e-ch
ange
r
Red
isco
very
of l
ocal
reso
urce
s
Loca
l tur
n
Cra
ftsm
an a
ttitu
de
2028
: The
re a
re n
o sa
fe h
aven
s fo
r inv
estm
ents
no
w th
at c
ount
ries
agre
e on
lim
iting
and
regu
lat-
ing
trad
e in
com
mod
ities
der
ivat
ives
. The
vol
-um
e of
trad
ing
on th
e gl
obal
fina
ncia
l mar
kets
de
crea
ses.
2027
: The
Gui
ld E
cono
my
spee
ds u
p th
e ris
e of
a
new
mov
emen
t in
urba
n pl
anni
ng th
at fo
cuse
s on
cre
atin
g de
nse
wor
king
-livi
ng “
ecos
yste
ms”
th
at in
spire
the
form
atio
n of
gui
lds.
2029
: In
Nor
ther
n Eu
rope
the
num
ber o
f vi
llage
s th
at a
re s
elf-
suffi
cien
t exc
eeds
th
e nu
mbe
r of t
hose
that
are
bas
ed o
n ce
ntra
lized
ene
rgy
solu
tions
.
2029
: It i
s a
wid
ely
acce
pted
fa
ct th
at th
e er
a of
oil
and
mod
est e
nerg
y pr
ices
is o
ver.
2030
: In
man
y Eu
rope
an c
ount
ries,
nat
iona
l go
vern
men
ts h
ave
dele
gate
d a
subs
tant
ial
part
of t
heir
budg
etin
g po
wer
to c
ities
and
re
gion
s th
at h
ave
grea
t fre
edom
to d
ecid
e on
how
to b
uild
new
infr
astr
uctu
re, p
rovi
de
publ
ic s
ervi
ces
and
defin
e le
vels
of t
axa-
tion.
How
ever
, the
re a
re c
erta
in E
U-w
ide
goal
s an
d m
inim
um re
quire
men
ts th
at
regi
ons
have
to m
eet.
2030
: The
Eur
opea
n U
n-io
n re
-defi
nes
its s
truc
-tu
re b
ased
on
an id
ea o
f “l
ocal
reso
urce
loop
s”,
refe
rrin
g to
regi
ons
that
ar
e se
lf-su
ffici
ent i
n ke
y re
sour
ces
and
that
ope
r-at
e w
ithin
the
sam
e lo
cal
tech
nolo
gica
l par
adig
m.
2030
: Eur
opea
n ed
ucat
ion
polic
y re
cogn
izes
gui
lds
as
part
of t
he e
duca
tion
syst
em
and
guar
ante
es th
em th
e rig
ht
to g
ive
degr
ees
that
can
be
cons
ider
ed e
quiv
alen
t to
MA
an
d P
hD -
degr
ees.
Rep
air
and
upsc
ale
serv
ices
are
so
met
hing
I us
e al
mos
t eve
ry m
onth
. I’v
e ha
d m
y vi
deo
proj
ecto
r fo
r 10
ye
ars
now
, sin
ce I
know
I ca
n ge
t the
be
st p
ossi
ble
mai
nten
ance
for
it.
My
guild
take
s ca
re o
f all
my
heal
th c
are
rela
ted
prac
tical
ities
. Th
ey e
nsur
e th
at b
oth
diag
nost
ics
and
trea
tmen
t are
pre
vent
ive
in
man
ner.
We
take
prid
e in
sup
port
ing
loca
l de
sign
and
goo
ds.
I enj
oy li
ving
in th
ese
bran
d ne
w
bloc
ks m
ade
out o
f the
fine
st w
ood
in E
urop
e. C
onst
ruct
ion
com
pani
es
in o
ur r
egio
n he
re in
Wes
tern
Aus
tria
ha
ve a
wel
l-kn
own
trad
ition
in w
ood
arch
itect
ure
to d
raw
upo
n.
Our
em
ploy
er h
ired
a pr
ofes
-si
onal
who
take
s ca
re o
f our
ch
ildre
n w
hile
we
wor
k.
This
allo
ws
us a
nd o
ur k
ids
to b
e in
the
sam
e pl
ace
all
the
time.
“My
elde
st d
augh
ter
was
alw
ays
hang
ing
arou
nd th
e cl
othe
s de
sign
gu
ilds’
wor
ksho
ps a
nd n
ow s
he’s
do
ing
her
appr
entic
eshi
p th
ere.
She
w
ants
to e
nter
the
guild
that
’s p
ro-
duce
d m
ost o
f the
clo
thes
I w
ear.”
“Thi
s is
our
Gui
ld C
ante
en. I
t’s w
here
we
usua
lly g
et
our
mea
ls. I
t is
also
her
e th
at w
e ha
ve o
ur s
hare
d re
frig
erat
ion
spac
e an
d eq
uipm
ent.”
20
30
2026
: Som
e un
iver
sitie
s
are
rest
ruct
ured
aro
und
an
idea
fam
iliar
to d
esig
n.
This
des
ign-
thin
king
is
abou
t app
lyin
g th
e be
st
avai
labl
e kn
owle
dge
to lo
-ca
l con
ditio
ns.
I lov
e liv
ing
in m
y D
anis
h to
wn.
We
have
n’t h
ad to
w
orry
abo
ut b
uyin
g en
-er
gy in
age
s. I
know
lots
of
oth
er to
wns
that
enj
oy
the
sam
e si
tuat
ion.
2026
: Peo
ple
star
t to
look
for t
owns
and
citi
es th
at a
re
capa
ble
of im
plem
entin
g sm
art a
dapt
atio
n pl
ans
that
hel
p th
eir i
nhab
itant
s co
pe w
ith p
eak-
oil b
ette
r tha
n pe
ople
in
othe
r par
ts o
f the
cou
ntry
.
Gui
ld C
ante
en w
here
G
uild
mem
bers
enj
oy th
eir
lunc
hes
and
dinn
ers
Equi
pmen
ts fo
r lo
cal p
rodu
ctio
n
Loca
l des
ign
and
pr
oduc
tion
wor
ksho
p
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 4
1
2032
: Peo
ple
incr
easi
ngly
put
thei
r mon
ey in
to la
nd
and
prop
erty
that
they
them
selv
es o
r the
ir fa
mili
es
inte
nd to
use
. Spe
cific
ally
in It
aly,
peo
ple
are
very
ex
cite
d ab
out t
his
retu
rn to
loca
l val
ues.
2034
: Ada
ptat
ion
to n
ew c
ondi
tions
af
ter p
eak-
oil h
appe
ns q
uite
une
ven-
ly –
not
onl
y be
caus
e so
me
coun
trie
s an
d re
gion
s ha
ve m
ore
reso
urce
s,
but b
ecau
se s
ome
bene
fit fr
om
bett
er s
tart
ing
poin
ts th
an o
ther
s in
te
rms
of n
atur
al re
sour
ces,
pre
viou
s ex
perim
ents
, or m
ore
agile
inno
va-
tion
syst
ems. 20
34: W
hile
the
tran
sitio
n to
loca
l dis
trib
uted
ene
rgy
syst
ems
and
th
e us
e of
loca
l con
stru
ctio
n m
ater
ials
is w
ell o
n its
way
, cre
atin
g
relia
ble
loca
l foo
d/nu
triti
on s
yste
ms
seem
s to
be
muc
h m
ore
diffi
cult.
2035
: Som
e na
tions
and
regi
ons
bene
fit fr
om th
e de
clin
e of
glo
bal m
arke
ts. M
any
reso
urce
-ric
h bu
t pre
viou
sly
unde
rdev
elop
ed A
fric
an, A
sian
and
Sou
th A
mer
ican
nat
ions
hav
e be
en a
ble
to c
olle
ct in
vest
men
ts a
nd ta
xes
from
inte
rnat
iona
l com
pani
es h
arne
ssin
g th
eir r
esou
rces
.
2035
: A n
umbe
r of f
orer
unne
r reg
ions
in E
urop
e, C
hina
and
the
US
A h
ave
been
abl
e to
de
velo
p w
ell-f
unct
ioni
ng lo
cal e
nerg
y an
d fo
od s
yste
ms.
Man
y of
them
are
pra
ctic
ally
en-
ergy
inde
pend
ent a
nd h
ave
repl
aced
man
y en
ergy
-inte
nsiv
e im
port
pro
duct
s w
ith lo
cal,
less
en
ergy
-inte
nsiv
e on
es (e
.g. c
oncr
ete
and
stee
l with
tim
ber a
nd s
tone
as
cons
truc
tion
mat
eria
l).
Nor
ther
n Eu
rope
is a
prim
e ex
ampl
e.
2035
: In
Fran
ce, t
he n
umbe
r of p
eopl
e w
orki
ng
in fa
rmin
g ha
s in
crea
sed
due
to th
e sl
ow d
evel
-op
men
t of n
ew a
gric
ultu
ral m
etho
ds b
ased
on
loca
l res
ourc
es. T
his
is o
ne o
f the
reas
ons
why
fo
od p
rices
rem
ain
high
.
An
old
frie
nd o
f min
e no
w w
orks
as
a lo
-ca
l ada
ptor
. He
know
s a
lot a
bout
glo
bal
mob
ility
sol
utio
ns a
nd b
rings
them
into
th
e lo
cal c
onte
xt v
ery
wel
l.
At 7
8, I
still
wor
k 4
hour
s a
day
at o
ur o
ffice
. Mos
t of
my
wor
k th
ere
is e
valu
at-
ing
proj
ects
and
talk
ing
with
m
y co
lleag
ues.
Tra
inin
g pr
ogra
mm
es, d
iets
and
diff
eren
t typ
es
of m
edic
ine
have
hel
ped
me
reta
in m
y m
enta
l vita
lity.
Ther
e’s
a ne
w b
icyc
le r
oute
that
just
op
ened
out
side
the
city
. It a
llow
s m
e to
get
to th
e lo
cal w
iner
y an
d ap
pre-
ciat
e th
e sc
ener
y he
re in
B
avar
ia. W
e ty
pica
lly tr
y to
leav
e th
e ci
ty fo
r lo
ng
wee
kend
s.
“I lo
ve th
e fa
ct th
at th
ere’
s so
m
uch
mor
e yo
u ca
n do
in o
ur
neig
hbou
rhoo
d. T
he U
rban
P
lann
ing
Gui
ld h
as r
eally
don
e a
grea
t job
mak
ing
the
area
m
ore
com
pact
.”
2
03
5
2031
: Mor
e an
d m
ore
peop
le li
ve in
the
sam
e ne
ighb
ourh
ood
with
ot
her m
embe
rs o
f the
ir gu
ilds.
Les
s sp
ace
for
livin
g is
requ
ired
as
man
y ap
plia
nces
are
sh
ared
and
pro
vide
d by
th
e gu
ild fo
r lar
ge g
roup
of
peo
ple.
I wor
k as
an
expe
rt in
so
lar
pane
ls th
at a
re b
est
suite
d to
con
ditio
ns h
ere
in S
pain
. I ju
st g
ot a
n in
vite
to
join
the
best
gui
ld o
f my
prof
es-
sion
.
Rec
ent p
assi
ve h
ouse
bui
ld
for d
ensi
ficat
ion
Gar
den
plot
My
husb
and
and
I wan
ted
to g
et a
bl
ende
r. W
e m
anag
ed to
buy
a v
ery
good
Spa
nish
one
from
a lo
cal c
om-
pany
that
had
cus
tom
ised
it to
fit
wel
l with
our
Slo
vaki
an in
gred
ient
s.
42 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
2040
Pea
k-oi
l gam
e-ch
ange
r
Red
isco
very
of l
ocal
reso
urce
s
Loca
l tur
n
Cra
ftsm
an a
ttitu
de
2036
: Citi
es a
gree
on
glob
al
evid
ence
-bas
ed fr
amew
orks
for
regi
onal
ly im
plem
ente
d po
licie
s on
su
ch k
ey is
sues
as
heal
th, e
nviro
n-m
ent a
nd s
afet
y.
2040
: 2/3
of t
he p
opul
atio
n liv
e in
ne
ighb
ourh
oods
that
are
defi
ned
acco
rdin
g to
a p
rofe
ssio
n an
d a
guild
. The
se n
eigh
bour
hood
s al
so fo
rm th
e ba
sic
polit
ical
uni
ts
that
hav
e th
e rig
ht to
ele
ct th
eir
own
repr
esen
tativ
es to
regi
onal
co
unci
l.
2042
: A n
ew g
loba
l tre
aty
on th
e op
enne
ss o
f re-
sear
ch is
neg
otia
ted.
It d
efine
s th
e ne
w th
inki
ng o
n sc
ienc
e an
d te
chno
logy
, hig
hlig
htin
g th
e be
nefit
s of
the
trad
ition
al v
irtue
s of
sci
ence
(ope
nnes
s,
freed
om, t
enta
tiven
ess…
) and
of t
he o
pen-
sour
ce
appr
oach
to te
chno
logy
whi
le a
t the
sam
e tim
e bo
lste
ring
a te
chno
logi
cal r
egim
e in
whi
ch m
ost
tech
nolo
gica
l app
licat
ions
are
ver
y lo
cal.
2037
: The
EU
is p
uttin
g m
ore
pow
er a
nd
reso
urce
s in
to tr
ansf
errin
g kn
owle
dge
in
the
field
of “
Loca
l Loo
ps m
anag
emen
t”.
How
ever
, the
glo
bal e
cono
my
has
been
st
agna
nt fo
r ove
r a d
ecad
e, u
nem
ploy
-m
ent i
s hi
gh in
man
y Eu
rope
an re
gion
s an
d th
e po
wer
of n
atio
nal
gove
rnm
ents
is e
rodi
ng e
ven
as th
ere
is le
ss p
ublic
reso
urce
to in
vest
.
2040
: Man
y co
untr
ies
that
use
d to
hav
e a
low
sta
ndar
d of
livi
ng h
ave
man
aged
to ra
ise
the
gene
ral l
evel
of t
heir
infr
astr
uctu
re, e
duca
tion
and
heal
th c
are.
Thi
s en
cour
ages
man
y pr
ofes
sion
als
from
the
deve
lope
d w
orld
to m
igra
te to
thes
e co
untr
ies
as in
tern
atio
nal m
arke
ts s
tart
to
decl
ine.
The
ski
lls g
ap b
etw
een
“dev
elop
ed”
and
“dev
elop
ing”
cou
ntrie
s an
d re
gion
s st
arts
to n
arro
w.
2040
: Afte
r yea
rs o
f neg
otia
tions
, citi
es a
gree
on
a ne
w g
loba
l fina
ncia
l re
gim
e ba
sed
on lo
cal c
urre
ncie
s an
d ta
ngib
le a
sset
s su
ch a
s en
ergy
, st
rate
gic
min
eral
s or
ski
lls.
Inte
r-ge
nera
tiona
l fur
nitu
re is
a n
ew d
esig
n tr
end
that
pro
mot
es lo
cal d
esig
n th
at la
sts
for
gene
ratio
ns. I
t’s e
asy
and
chea
p to
re-
asse
mbl
e an
d ad
apta
ble
to a
use
r’s n
eeds
.
Gre
en d
oork
eepe
rs a
re a
spe
cial
-iz
ed g
uild
that
con
trol
s, m
onito
rs
and
ensu
res
the
ener
gy e
ffici
ency
of
bui
ldin
gs a
nd b
lock
s. T
hey
serv
e as
link
s be
twee
n th
e ne
igh-
bour
hood
s.
I can
qui
ckly
mov
e w
ithin
citi
es a
nd
betw
een
diff
eren
t ar
eas
of th
e ci
ties
inha
bite
d by
gui
lds
with
the
new
Sup
er-
bus
syst
em.
Just
last
yea
r, w
e m
anag
ed
to tu
rn s
ome
old
city
rai
lway
tr
acks
into
sta
te-o
f-th
e-ar
t bi
cycl
e la
nes.
Cyc
ling
is a
pl
easu
re in
Bra
tisla
va n
ow!
All
wor
kpla
ces
in S
we-
den
intr
oduc
e a
happ
i-ne
ss in
dex
to m
easu
re
empl
oyee
sat
isfa
ctio
n. T
his
lead
s to
a m
ore
fulfi
lling
wor
k en
viro
nmen
t and
sta
rts
to
resh
ape
Sw
edis
h w
ork
cultu
re.
My
guild
bou
ght m
e a
ser-
vice
rob
ot th
at ta
kes
care
of
clea
ning
and
coo
king
so
that
I d
on’t
have
to.
In th
e ar
ea I
live
in, l
ots
of
wor
ksho
ps a
nd w
orkp
lace
s ha
ve d
isap
pear
ed a
s th
ere
are
man
y pe
ople
her
e w
ho
don’
t bel
ong
in g
uild
s.
I hav
e al
loca
ted
a se
t am
ount
of m
oney
eac
h m
onth
for
expe
nsiv
e fo
reig
n pr
oduc
ts, s
uch
as
coff
ee a
nd te
a. P
rices
are
hig
h,
as th
e tr
ansp
ort m
arke
t is
dom
i-na
ted
by a
few
glo
bal c
ompa
nies
.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 4
3
2045
2
05
0
2044
: Tec
hnic
ally
, peo
ple
are
still
ci
tizen
s of
a n
atio
n. H
owev
er,
natio
nal p
oliti
cs is
und
erst
ood
to b
e a
cere
mon
ial t
radi
tion
that
re
min
ds c
itize
ns o
f suc
h va
lues
as
dem
ocra
cy, e
qual
ity, f
reed
om a
nd
solid
arity
.
2043
: The
re is
stil
l a s
igni
fican
t am
ount
of g
loba
l tra
de in
en
ergy
, foo
d an
d ot
her b
asic
com
mod
ities
, but
com
pare
d w
ith le
vels
in 2
012,
man
y of
the
mos
t flou
rishi
ng re
gion
s do
no
t im
port
man
y ta
ngib
le g
oods
. In
thes
e re
gion
s a
disc
ours
e on
the
“cris
is o
f 202
0s”
is a
lread
y pa
rt o
f col
lect
ive
mem
ory
as p
eopl
e co
nsid
er th
emse
lves
to b
e pa
rt o
f a n
ew e
ra o
f de
velo
pmen
t.
2044
: A g
loba
l gui
ld o
f sci
entis
ts is
form
ed, w
ith
the
right
and
dut
y to
sec
ure
that
tech
nolo
gica
l kn
owle
dge
is s
prea
d ev
enly
acr
oss
the
wor
ld.
2045
: Peo
ple
spen
d m
uch
of th
eir l
eisu
re
time
with
in th
eir o
wn
neig
hbou
rhoo
d. T
hey
wor
k lo
ng h
ours
and
ofte
n se
e th
eir f
ello
w
guild
mem
bers
as
thei
r clo
sest
frie
nds.
“I m
et m
y hu
sban
d w
hen
I was
doi
ng m
y in
tern
ship
at E
nerg
y S
av-
ing
Doc
tors
, one
of t
he to
wn
guild
s fo
r en
ergy
pre
serv
atio
n an
d pr
oduc
tion.
It w
as e
asy
to fi
nd a
n ap
artm
ent f
or o
ur fa
mily
. Now
we
have
acc
ess
to c
onve
nien
t lod
ging
con
nect
ed to
our
wor
kspa
ce.
Hom
e w
aste
-man
agem
ent o
ppor
tuni
ties
allo
w h
ouse
hold
s to
turn
in
to s
uppl
iers
of r
aw m
ater
ials
for
loca
l com
pani
es.
Inte
r-ge
nera
tiona
l fur
nitu
re is
a n
ew d
esig
n tr
end
that
pro
-m
otes
loca
l des
ign
that
last
s fo
r ge
nera
tions
. It’s
eas
y an
d To
mor
row
, our
gui
ld w
ill s
et u
p gu
idel
ines
for
zero
net
ene
rgy
in
cons
truc
tion.
Our
gui
ld h
as th
e m
ost e
xper
tise
in th
is is
sue
and
our
guid
elin
es a
re e
xpec
ted
to b
ecom
e th
e ba
sis
of le
gisl
atio
n to
be
pass
ed
late
r th
is y
ear.
My
daug
hter
just
set
off
on
her
jour
neym
an y
ear
to
Buc
hare
st to
wor
k in
a lo
cal
cons
truc
tion
com
pany
. She
’s
taki
ng th
e in
tern
atio
nal t
rain
.
2046
: Man
y Eu
rope
ans
feel
th
at c
urre
ntly
the
EU is
an
inte
rim s
olut
ion
on th
e w
ay
tow
ards
glo
bal g
over
nmen
t.
Bui
ldin
g fo
r wor
k-lif
e in
tegr
atio
nO
ffice
s an
d
loca
l pro
duct
ion
pl
ants
44 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Mob
ility
(dai
ly a
nd to
uris
m)
11 0
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: bu
ildin
g
2400
kg
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n 26
00 k
g
Leis
ure
time
15
00 k
g
Food
73
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: el
ectr
icity
33
00 k
g
Oth
ers
900
kg
Gat
ekee
pers
for l
ifest
yle
chan
ges
Six
-pac
k of
mos
t infl
uent
ial l
ifest
yle
trigg
ers
1.
Extr
emel
y hi
gh e
nerg
y an
d fo
od p
rices
per
suad
e pe
ople
to fo
cus
thei
r cho
ices
on
loca
l an
d se
cure
alte
rnat
ives
.
2.
Tigh
t wor
kpla
ce a
nd n
eigh
bour
hood
-bas
ed c
omm
uniti
es e
nabl
e an
d en
cour
age
peo-
ple
to s
hare
spa
ces
and
equi
pmen
t. Th
e ne
ed fo
r liv
ing
spac
e is
redu
ced.
3.
Peo
ple
live
clos
e to
thei
r gui
ld p
eers
. Am
ple
serv
ice
optio
ns m
ean
min
imal
nee
d to
co
mm
ute
outs
ide
the
neig
hbou
rhoo
d.
4.
Peo
ple
pref
er a
pplia
nces
, fur
nitu
re a
nd c
loth
es to
be
sold
as
serv
ices
. Mai
nten
ance
an
d ad
apta
tion
serv
ices
are
impr
oved
and
they
sig
nific
antly
pro
long
the
lifec
ycle
of
prod
ucts
.
5.
Con
sum
ers
can
no lo
nger
mak
e m
ista
kes:
pol
icie
s bu
ilt o
n sc
ient
ifica
lly b
acke
d en
vi-
ronm
enta
l and
hea
lth o
bjec
tives
elim
inat
e ba
d ch
oice
s.
6.
Peo
ple
eat o
ut m
ore.
Bet
ter f
ood
serv
ices
ens
ure
a he
alth
y di
et, a
djus
t por
tions
to
optim
al s
ize,
elim
inat
e fo
od w
aste
and
hel
p pe
ople
focu
s on
thei
r wor
k an
d so
cial
life
.
Food
, ene
rgy
and
co
nstr
uctio
n co
mpa
nies
…fo
cus
on lo
cal a
ltern
ativ
es
and
loca
l mar
kets
to o
ffer
se-
cure
cho
ices
.
App
lianc
e in
dust
ry…
turn
s to
war
ds b
usin
ess
mod
els
that
take
loca
l con
text
into
acc
ount
an
d in
clud
e re
pair
in th
eir
prod
ucts
.
Ser
vice
indu
stry
…le
ases
pro
duct
s th
at w
ere
prev
i-ou
sly
avai
labl
e on
ly a
s pu
rcha
ses
and
crea
tes
a le
asin
g ec
onom
y.
Pro
fess
ion
spec
ific
net-
wor
ks a
nd a
ssoc
iatio
ns…
ackn
owle
dge
thei
r ca
paci
ty a
nd
inlu
ence
as
expe
rts
and
netw
orks
w
ho h
ave
a sh
ared
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
so
ciet
y.
The
aver
age
mat
eria
l foo
tpri
nt o
f a E
urop
ean
in 2
050
in t
he L
ocal
Loo
ps s
cena
rio
(800
0 kg
per
per
son
in a
yea
r)
com
pare
d to
the
ave
rage
mat
eria
l foo
tpri
nt in
200
7 (2
9 00
0 kg
).
Mob
ility
(d
aily
and
tour
ism
) 15
00 k
g
Food
33
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: bu
ildin
g 13
00 k
g
Oth
ers
700
kg
Hou
sing
: el
ectr
icity
40
0 kg
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n 40
0 kg
Leis
ure
tim
e 40
0 kg
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 4
5
Em
path
etic
C
omm
uniti
es
Crit
ical
cha
lleng
es a
nd s
olut
ions
in
the
scen
ario
Loc
al L
oops
Q1.
H
ow t
o av
oid
biod
iver
sity
dec
line
and
soil
fert
ility
loss
cau
sed
by
loca
l res
ourc
e ov
erus
e an
d co
mpe
titio
n fo
r la
nd a
lloca
tion
be
twee
n en
ergy
and
food
pro
duct
ion?
1.
Ther
e is
str
ict r
egul
atio
n ba
sed
on g
loba
l tre
atie
s on
bio
dive
rsity
an
d ot
her e
nviro
nmen
tal i
ssue
s. T
hese
trea
ties
are
linke
d to
a g
loba
l tr
adin
g sc
hem
e on
the
limits
of g
loba
lly tr
aded
com
mod
ities
. Reg
u-la
tion
ensu
res
that
eve
ryw
here
10%
of t
he la
nd a
nd w
ater
are
as a
re
prot
ecte
d as
bio
dive
rsity
rese
rve.
Thi
s lim
its th
e us
e of
thes
e ar
eas
for b
uild
ing,
farm
ing,
tran
spor
tatio
n or
recr
eatio
nal u
se.
2.
Livi
ng in
resi
lient
mid
-siz
ed to
wns
with
sur
roun
ding
pro
duct
ion
area
s an
d na
ture
rese
rves
mak
e pe
ople
aw
are
of a
nd a
ble
to e
njoy
bio
di-
vers
ity a
nd d
iffer
ent t
ypes
of l
ivin
g ec
osys
tem
ser
vice
s.
3.
Valu
es o
f loc
alis
m s
teer
peo
ple
to fa
vour
loca
l tou
rism
. Loc
al b
iodi
-ve
rsity
rese
rves
com
e to
hav
e gr
eat r
ecre
atio
nal s
igni
fican
ce a
nd to
be
sou
rces
of r
egio
nal p
ride.
4.
Bre
akth
roug
hs in
sol
ar te
chno
logy
ena
ble
roof
s, w
alls
and
win
dow
s to
be
used
as
loca
l, cu
stom
ized
mea
ns o
f ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n. L
o-ca
lly d
evel
oped
tech
nolo
gies
offe
r ref
eren
ce s
olut
ions
.
Q2.
H
ow t
o av
oid
inef
ficie
ncie
s th
at r
esul
t fr
om t
he d
ecre
ase
in
gl
obal
com
petit
ion?
1.
Tech
nolo
gy fo
cuse
s on
loca
l, bo
ttom
up
solu
tions
that
use
reso
urc-
es e
ffici
ently
as
a re
sult
of h
igh
expe
rtis
e an
d ex
perie
nce
of lo
cal
prof
essi
onal
s. B
ench
mar
k ca
ses
on b
est s
olut
ions
are
pro
vide
d w
ith
publ
ic s
uppo
rt a
nd a
re o
pen
for e
very
one
to u
tilis
e.
2.
Loca
l mai
nten
ance
, reu
se a
nd re
cycl
ing
serv
ices
are
wid
ely
avai
labl
e an
d su
ppor
ted
by p
rodu
ct d
esig
n. P
eopl
e fa
vor t
he u
se o
f the
se
serv
ices
. Lon
gevi
ty a
nd u
ser-
cent
ric ta
ilorin
g of
pro
duct
s is
ens
ured
by
a b
road
rang
e of
loca
l pro
fess
iona
ls.
Q3.
H
ow t
o av
oid
stat
us c
ompe
titio
n ba
sed
on m
ater
ial c
onsu
mp-
tion
trig
gere
d by
elit
es a
nd t
heir
acc
ess
to n
atur
al r
esou
rces
?
1.
Wor
k is
see
n as
a m
ore
inte
rest
ing
field
for s
tatu
s co
mpe
titio
n th
an
cons
umpt
ion,
whi
ch fu
rthe
r str
engt
hens
the
impe
tus
to u
se m
ore
serv
ices
inst
ead
of m
ater
ial g
oods
.
2.
Peo
ple
valu
e lo
cal,
serv
ice-
base
d co
nsum
ptio
n an
d ar
e aw
are
of it
s ro
le a
s th
e en
gine
of t
he lo
cal e
cono
my.
3.
Tigh
t gui
ld a
nd n
eigh
bour
hood
com
mun
ities
resu
lt in
sha
red
owne
r-sh
ip o
f goo
ds a
nd s
pace
s so
that
peo
ple’
s ho
mes
are
sm
alle
r and
le
ss e
quip
ped.
Peo
ple
appr
ecia
te in
divi
dual
and
tailo
red,
long
-livi
ng
prod
ucts
mai
ntai
ned
and
pers
onal
ized
by
the
loca
l ser
vice
pro
vid-
ers.
4.
As
a re
sult
of th
e in
secu
rity
caus
ed b
y pe
ak o
il an
d gl
obal
reso
urce
us
e, p
eopl
e ha
ve p
lace
d th
eir t
rust
in e
xper
t-or
ient
ed lo
cal d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing.
Peo
ple
appr
ecia
te tr
ansp
aren
t Loc
al L
oops
and
trus
t in
the
self-
regu
latio
n of
gui
lds.
46 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Em
path
etic
C
omm
uniti
es
cal i
nnov
atio
n ar
e en
joye
d, a
lthou
gh p
eopl
e in
ge
nera
l foc
us o
n co
mm
unic
atin
g an
d de
velo
ping
so
lutio
ns o
n th
e lo
cal l
evel
.
The
brea
kdow
n of
the
econ
omic
sys
tem
and
na-
tion
stat
es h
as it
s ro
ots
in re
sour
ce c
onst
rain
ts,
decl
ine
in tr
ust i
n fin
anci
al in
stitu
tions
and
the
publ
ic d
ebt c
risis
. Man
y Eu
rope
an re
gion
s ne
ver
reco
vere
d an
d a
grow
ing
num
ber o
f peo
ple
face
d di
fficu
lties
find
ing
jobs
, inc
ome
and
livel
yhoo
ds.
Incr
ease
d ris
ks in
the
finan
cial
mar
kets
led
to
dram
atic
inte
rest
rate
hik
es, w
hich
dro
ve s
ever
al
maj
or in
dust
ries
into
ban
krup
tcy
and
evok
ed a
br
eakd
own
of v
alue
cha
ins.
Mos
t of t
he g
over
nmen
ts c
ould
sim
ply
not a
fford
to
bai
l out
thes
e co
mpa
nies
as
they
had
bef
ore.
Th
e re
sult
was
a p
oliti
cal c
risis
whe
re c
abin
ets
step
ped
dow
n an
d th
e fo
rmat
ion
of n
ew, t
rust
ed
gove
rnm
ent t
urne
d ou
t to
be im
poss
ible
. Whe
n bo
th th
e ec
onom
y an
d na
tiona
l pol
itics
wer
e in
a
stat
e of
par
alys
is, p
eopl
e st
arte
d or
gani
sing
”P
lan
B”
solu
tions
on
loca
l and
regi
onal
leve
ls. T
his
deve
lopm
ent p
ushe
d fo
rwar
d re
form
s th
at h
elpe
d co
mpa
nies
, ind
ivid
uals
and
loca
l aut
horit
ies
to re
-fo
cus
on n
urtu
ring
the
loca
l eco
nom
y. G
radu
ally
ci
ties
and
tow
ns in
crea
sed
thei
r pol
itica
l pow
er
over
dys
func
tiona
l nat
ion
stat
es.
The
birt
h of
a s
ocie
ty o
f Em
path
etic
Com
mun
ities
w
as n
ot, h
owev
er, o
nly
the
resu
lt of
an
econ
omic
cr
isis
. In
the
early
202
0s a
new
vie
w o
n hu
man
na
ture
sta
rted
to g
ain
popu
larit
y. N
ew re
sear
ch a
t th
at ti
me
show
ed a
n in
crea
sing
am
ount
of e
vi-
denc
e on
gen
uine
ly a
ltrui
stic
feat
ures
in p
rimat
e an
d hu
man
beh
avio
ur. T
he w
ay p
eopl
e pe
rcei
ved
thei
r ow
n pl
ace
at w
ork,
in th
eir c
omm
unity
, in
thei
r fa
mili
es a
nd in
soc
iety
at l
arge
sta
rted
to c
hang
e.
New
type
s of
col
labo
ratio
ns a
nd in
nova
tion
both
te
chno
logi
cal a
nd s
ocia
l, em
erge
d an
d he
lped
pe
ople
to re
form
pol
itica
l dec
isio
n-m
akin
g an
d w
orkp
lace
pra
ctic
es. T
his
crea
ted
huge
effi
cien
cy
gain
s in
org
aniz
atio
ns. C
ompa
red
to p
rece
ding
ge
nera
tions
, peo
ple
in 2
050
feel
that
col
labo
ratin
g an
d sh
arin
g du
ties,
spa
ces
and
good
s w
ith o
ther
pe
ople
is a
nat
ural
and
ple
asan
t par
t of t
heir
life.
The
sim
ulta
neou
s de
clin
e of
nat
ion
stat
es a
nd
the
glob
al e
cono
my,
toge
ther
with
the
new
rise
of
colla
bora
tive
norm
s in
all
aspe
cts
of h
uman
life
, ga
ve im
petu
s to
new
loca
l gov
erna
nce
mod
els.
D
urin
g an
era
of h
igh
unem
ploy
men
t man
y pe
o-pl
e st
arte
d ex
plor
ing
new
and
alte
rnat
ive
way
s to
im
prov
e liv
ing
cond
ition
s fo
r the
mse
lves
and
thei
r pe
ers.
Hun
dred
s of
exp
erim
ents
with
loca
l ene
rgy
and
food
pro
duct
ion,
ene
rgy
retr
ofitt
ing
and
dif-
fere
nt ty
pes
of p
eer-
to-p
eer s
ervi
ces
prov
isio
n st
arte
d to
take
pla
ce a
ll ov
er E
urop
e. G
radu
ally
th
ese
proj
ects
gre
w in
to la
rger
loca
l ini
tiativ
es in
w
hich
ent
repr
eneu
rs, c
omm
unity
lead
ers,
civ
il se
rvan
ts a
nd p
oliti
cian
s jo
ined
forc
es to
bui
ld th
e ne
w fo
unda
tions
for a
loca
l eco
nom
y. C
oope
ra-
tives
dev
elop
ed s
tep
by s
tep
into
pro
vide
rs o
f lo-
cal e
duca
tion,
hea
lth a
nd s
ocia
l ser
vice
s, s
ourc
es
of s
econ
dary
inco
me
and
plat
form
s fo
r loc
al
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
proj
ects
.
In E
mpa
thet
ic C
omm
uniti
es p
eopl
e sp
end
a gr
eat
part
of t
heir
leis
ure
time
in a
ctiv
ities
that
take
pl
ace
with
in th
eir n
eigh
bour
hood
. It i
s th
roug
h th
ese
gath
erin
gs th
at c
o-cr
eate
d in
nova
tions
de-
Alte
rnat
ive
Sus
tain
able
S
ocie
ty 4
: Sup
porti
ng 8
000
kg
S
usta
inab
le L
ifest
yles
Em
path
etic
Com
mun
ities
is a
sce
nario
whe
re
Wes
tern
soc
ietie
s fa
ced
a cr
isis
they
had
long
dr
eade
d, a
nd h
ow th
e ch
ange
turn
ed o
ut to
be
easi
er a
nd m
ore
frui
tful
than
any
one
had
expe
ct-
ed. I
t is
a st
ory
in w
hich
the
glob
al e
cono
my
as
we
knew
it in
201
2 fa
ils, f
ollo
wed
by
para
lysi
s of
na
tion
stat
es a
nd th
eir
polit
ical
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g st
ruct
ures
. By
2050
this
all
lead
s to
life
styl
es in
w
hich
the
com
mun
ity a
nd n
eigh
bour
hood
s ha
ve
an im
port
ant r
ole
in e
very
day
life.
New
form
s of
col
labo
ratio
n an
d go
vern
ance
gro
w o
n th
e le
vel o
f citi
es a
nd to
wns
mak
ing
them
the
mos
t po
wer
ful l
evel
of p
ublic
dec
isio
n-m
akin
g. In
Em
-pa
thet
ic C
omm
uniti
es th
e m
any
frui
ts o
f glo
bal
cultu
re a
nd a
dvan
cem
ents
in la
test
tech
nolo
gi-
Sin
gula
r
Sup
er C
ham
pion
s
Loca
l Loo
ps
Gov
erni
ng
the
Com
mon
s
Em
path
etic
C
omm
uniti
es
Pan
dem
ic te
chno
logy
Ende
mic
tech
nolo
gy
Human-centrism
Meritocracy
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 4
7
Wha
t is
life
like
in th
e Em
path
etic
Com
mun
ities
?
Wha
t ch
ange
s be
twee
n 20
12 a
nd 2
050?
Edu
catio
nEd
ucat
ion
and
lear
ning
are
pro
blem
-bas
ed a
nd c
olla
bora
tion-
driv
en.
Wor
kW
ork
happ
ens
colla
bora
tivel
y in
hub
s an
d pe
ople
lear
n th
roug
h as
king
for i
nput
from
col
leag
ues.
Han
ds-o
n w
ork
is h
ighl
y va
lued
. W
ork
is n
eigh
bour
hood
-bas
ed a
nd a
ims
at c
ontr
ibut
ing
to th
e co
mm
unity
.
City
Villa
ge in
fill f
rom
spr
awl t
o fa
rm v
illag
e. P
arki
ng lo
ts a
re tu
rned
into
pla
ces
of fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n. T
he p
ublic
spa
ce g
ains
gre
at s
igni
fican
ce.
Villa
ges
with
in c
ities
are
key
ele
men
ts in
the
urba
n fa
bric
.
Hea
lthP
arad
igm
of q
ualit
y ov
er q
uant
ity c
hara
cter
izes
the
heal
th-c
are
syst
em. T
his
mea
ns th
at th
e m
eani
ngfu
lnes
s of
a p
erso
n’s
lifes
pan
is
seen
as
mor
e im
port
ant t
han
the
amou
nt o
f yea
rs li
ved.
Loc
al a
dmin
istr
atio
n pr
iorit
izes
hea
lth-c
are
and
heal
thy
livin
g.
Ever
y m
unic
ipal
ity h
as a
hos
pita
l. H
ealth
y-liv
ing-
circ
les
shar
e pr
even
tativ
e kn
owle
dge
loca
lly.
Livi
ngFa
rmin
g op
port
uniti
es ra
ise
prop
erty
val
ues.
Peo
ple
live
in s
hare
d ap
artm
ents
and
mak
e us
e of
sha
red
spac
es.
Food
Gro
win
g fo
od in
urb
an fa
rmin
g ci
rcle
s m
eets
loca
l foo
d de
man
d. F
ood
tran
spor
tatio
n ne
eds
are
very
low
. In
add
ition
to p
rodu
ctio
n, h
igh
impo
rtan
ce is
als
o pl
aced
on
food
qua
lity,
and
dis
trib
utio
n.
Mob
ility
Lo
cal m
obili
ty is
em
phas
ized
and
less
road
spa
ce is
dev
oted
for p
rivat
e ve
hicl
es. O
ld a
nd n
ew in
fras
truc
ture
is a
dapt
ed to
cyc
ling.
Con
sum
ptio
nC
onsu
mpt
ion
is g
eare
d to
war
ds m
eetin
g pe
ople
’s b
asic
nee
ds. S
harin
g, s
wap
ping
and
rent
ing
succ
eed
priv
ate
owne
rshi
p.
Eco
nom
yTh
e ec
onom
y is
org
aniz
ed a
roun
d th
e se
lf-su
ffici
ency
of s
mal
l uni
ts. F
ood
prod
uctio
n is
prio
ritiz
ed. E
xper
imen
tatio
n ha
ppen
s on
the
loca
l le
vel a
nd h
igh
valu
e is
giv
en to
com
mun
ity a
ctiv
ities
.
Sen
se o
f sec
urity
Sen
se o
f sec
urity
is g
ener
ated
by
com
mun
ities
, clo
sed
circ
les,
coo
pera
tives
as
wel
l as
by h
ealth
and
food
circ
les.
PP
P-s
yste
ms
guar
an-
tee
part
icip
atio
n an
d se
nse
of o
wne
rshi
p in
pub
lic a
nd s
ocia
l affa
irs.
Leis
ure
time
Leis
ure
time
is m
ostly
pub
lic a
nd u
sed
for s
ocia
l act
iviti
es, e
.g. i
n ga
rden
ing
circ
les.
Vac
atio
ns p
rovi
de ti
me
for s
elf-
refle
ctio
n.
Empa
thet
ic C
omm
uniti
es s
cena
rio
narr
ativ
e –
how
did
it a
ll ha
ppen
?
»Th
e sy
stem
bre
aks
dow
n »
“We
can”
gen
erat
ion
wor
ks
toge
ther
»P
ublic
, priv
ate
and
peop
le (P
PP
) –
the
new
wel
fare
»C
omm
uniti
satio
n of
urb
an p
lann
ing
Thes
e dr
iver
s ar
e de
pict
ed a
s ev
ents
on
the
timel
ine.
velo
p. T
his
in tu
rn c
reat
es n
ew ty
pes
of (e
cono
m-
ic) a
ctiv
ity. F
requ
ent e
ncou
nter
s in
pub
lic s
pace
s cr
eate
opp
ortu
nitie
s fo
r ide
as a
nd in
itiat
ives
on
new
col
labo
rativ
e pr
ojec
ts, s
ervi
ces
and
busi
-ne
sses
. Dai
ly p
ract
ices
and
life
styl
es a
re fo
rmed
st
rong
ly a
roun
d co
llect
ive
activ
ities
and
sha
ring.
One
of t
he g
reat
est c
hang
es p
eopl
e ex
perie
nced
ov
er o
ne g
ener
atio
n re
late
s to
the
use
of th
eir
surr
ound
ings
and
phy
sica
l inf
rast
ruct
ure.
Peo
-pl
e un
ders
tand
cou
rtya
rds,
str
eets
and
diff
eren
t ty
pes
of s
hare
d in
door
-spa
ces
as s
omet
hing
that
is
in th
eir s
hare
d po
sses
sion
and
in a
ctiv
e us
e.
How
are
sus
tain
able
lif
esty
les
achi
eved
?Th
e br
eakd
own
of th
e gl
obal
mar
ket e
cono
my
chan
ged
peop
le’s
live
s pe
rman
ently
. As
glob
al
and
natio
nal s
truc
ture
s co
uld
no lo
nger
be
trus
t-ed
, peo
ple
incr
easi
ngly
turn
ed to
look
afte
r the
m-
selv
es a
nd e
ach
othe
r. C
omm
uniti
es a
nd n
eigh
-bo
urho
ods
beca
me
key
elem
ents
in p
eopl
e’s
lives
as
glob
al tr
ansa
ctio
ns d
ecre
ase
in n
umbe
r. A
part
men
ts a
nd p
ublic
spa
ces
are
shar
ed a
nd
used
for m
any
func
tions
.
Ther
e is
a re
al s
carc
ity o
f ene
rgy,
food
and
man
y ot
her p
rodu
cts
in E
mpa
thet
ic C
omm
uniti
es.
Whe
n pr
ices
soa
r to
ridic
ulou
sly
expe
nsiv
e le
vels
ne
w s
olut
ions
sta
rt to
em
erge
. Afte
r all,
peo
ple
still
hav
e th
e hi
gh s
kill-
leve
ls a
nd a
cces
s to
info
r-m
atio
n th
at in
dust
rial a
nd k
now
ledg
e ec
onom
ies
deliv
ered
in th
e 20
th c
entu
ry. P
eopl
e an
d th
eir
com
mun
ities
lear
ned
to c
ope
with
new
circ
um-
stan
ces
and
som
e of
the
mos
t was
tefu
l life
styl
es
patt
erns
wer
e ab
ando
ned.
The
infr
astr
uctu
re in
Em
path
etic
Com
mun
ities
is
mai
nly
the
sam
e in
205
0 as
it w
as in
201
2. H
ow-
ever
, wha
t has
cha
nged
is th
e w
ay it
is u
sed.
For
ex
ampl
e tr
ansp
orta
tion
and
mob
ility
is o
f litt
le
sign
ifica
nce.
Hen
ce, s
tree
ts a
nd ro
ads
built
in th
e 20
th c
entu
ry a
nd in
ear
ly 2
1st c
entu
ry, a
re e
ither
tr
ansf
orm
ed to
farm
ing
land
or a
djus
ted
to s
up-
port
hea
lthy
mob
ility
, suc
h as
cyc
ling
and
wal
king
.
Ther
e is
sm
art h
ousi
ng d
esig
n an
d di
vers
e re
tro-
fittin
g of
exi
stin
g bu
ildin
gs. A
s gl
obal
pro
duct
ion
chai
ns lo
se s
igni
fican
ce, l
ocal
pro
duct
ion
rises
in
impo
rtan
ce. F
ood
and
othe
r nec
essi
ties
are
pro-
vide
d lo
cally
. Urb
an fa
rmin
g sp
read
s ev
eryw
here
. P
eopl
e he
lpin
g on
e an
othe
r bec
omes
an
esse
n-
tial e
lem
ent o
f the
soc
iety
and
a g
uidi
ng p
rinci
ple
for e
very
day
life.
Citi
es fr
agm
ent i
nto
villa
ges
that
ai
m fo
r sel
f-su
ffici
ency
mea
ning
that
food
peo
ple
eat i
s se
ason
al a
nd lo
cally
gro
wn.
48 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
syst
em b
reak
s do
wn
The
“We
can”
gen
erat
ion
w
orks
toge
ther
Pub
lic, p
rivat
e an
d pe
ople
(PP
P)
– th
e ne
w w
elfa
re m
odel
Com
mun
itisa
tion
of u
rban
pla
nnin
g
2015
: Une
mpl
oym
ent i
n m
any
Euro
pean
cou
n-tr
ies
and
in th
e U
SA
rem
ains
hig
h du
e to
the
ef-
fect
s of
aus
terit
y m
easu
res
on p
ublic
bud
gets
, an
d be
caus
e of
a h
esita
nt m
ood
in th
e bu
si-
ness
wor
ld, a
n ag
eing
poo
l of c
onsu
mer
s an
d a
cont
inui
ng d
eclin
e in
man
ufac
turin
g jo
bs.
2015
: A n
ew te
levi
sion
sho
w fo
rmat
, “Th
e A
ltrui
st”,
turn
s ou
t to
be a
hug
e su
cces
s al
l ove
r the
wor
ld. T
he c
once
pt is
cre
ated
in th
e N
ethe
rland
s, b
ut
with
in c
oupl
e of
yea
rs it
spr
eads
acr
oss
Euro
pe a
nd b
ecom
es lo
caliz
ed. C
on-
trar
y to
the
hund
reds
of c
ompe
titiv
e TV
-sho
w fo
rmat
s of
the
past
50
year
s,
the
show
cel
ebra
tes
empa
thy
and
the
capa
city
for c
olla
bora
tion.
For
man
y,
this
sym
boliz
es a
turn
ing
poin
t in
prev
ailin
g th
inki
ng a
bout
hum
an n
atur
e.
2015
: The
org
aniz
atio
n of
wor
k ch
ange
s du
e to
lo
ng re
cess
ion
and
high
une
mpl
oym
ent.
Mor
e an
d m
ore
peop
le s
tart
to w
ork
outs
ide
of tr
adi-
tiona
l com
pani
es.
2016
: A la
rge
publ
ic s
timul
us p
acka
ge is
ann
ounc
ed in
sup
port
of d
evel
op-
ing
urba
n ha
bita
ts. I
t is
aim
ed a
t im
prov
ing
publ
ic s
pace
, bas
ic tr
ansp
orta
-tio
n an
d en
ergy
infr
astr
uctu
re, e
spec
ially
in n
eigh
bour
hood
s bu
ilt in
the
seco
nd h
alf o
f the
20t
h ce
ntur
y. T
he ra
tiona
le b
ehin
d it
is to
ena
ble
the
crea
tion
of lo
cal s
ervi
ce e
cono
mie
s th
roug
h th
e cr
eatio
n of
mor
e at
trac
tive
publ
ic s
pace
s an
d em
ploy
ing
peop
le to
do
cons
truc
tion
wor
k.
2017
: The
hig
h pr
ice
of
ener
gy a
nd o
ther
nat
ural
re
sour
ces
affe
cts
hous
e-ho
ld b
udge
ts w
ith p
rices
of
food
, mob
ility
and
el
ectr
icity
soa
ring.
2018
: Peo
ple’
s in
tere
st in
st
udyi
ng e
xam
ples
and
ex
perim
enta
l pro
ject
s ar
ound
the
“sci
ence
of
empa
thy
and
com
pas-
sion
” gr
ows
rapi
dly.
2018
: GD
P is
repl
aced
with
mor
e ad
equa
te in
dica
tors
for t
rack
ing
soci
al d
evel
opm
ent a
nd p
rogr
ess
in s
usta
inab
ility
. Hea
lth, h
appi
-ne
ss a
nd a
n in
divi
dual
’s e
colo
gica
l fo
otpr
int a
re a
mon
g th
e as
pect
s m
easu
red.
2018
: Peo
ple
in m
any
regi
ons
are
stim
ulat
ed to
find
new
way
s to
sec
ure
inco
me,
bui
lt on
mut
ual h
elp
and
af-
ford
able
acc
ess
to b
asic
reso
urce
s su
ch a
s en
ergy
and
food
. The
resu
lt is
a
new
boo
m in
coo
pera
tives
that
em
-pl
oy p
eopl
e an
d he
lp th
em to
cre
ate
loca
l ver
sion
s of
sus
tain
able
life
styl
es.
“I k
now
a lo
t abo
ut e
asy
and
cost
-effi
cien
t ene
rgy
retr
ofitt
ing
jobs
suc
h as
insu
latio
n. O
ur c
o-op
erat
ive
is v
ery
good
at t
hese
qu
ick
fixes
and
we
enjo
y sh
arin
g ou
r kn
owle
dge
with
the
com
-m
unity
.”
I get
mos
t of m
y da
ily g
ro-
cerie
s th
roug
h ur
ban
farm
-in
g po
ols
that
exi
st a
roun
d th
e ci
ty. S
ome
of th
e fo
od I
rece
ive
dire
ctly
from
our
nei
ghbo
ur-
hood
gar
den.
I on
ly b
uy fr
om s
uper
-m
arke
ts w
hat I
can
not g
et e
asily
get
th
roug
h th
ese
chan
nels
.
2
015
Toge
ther
with
my
fam
ily, I
par
-tic
ipat
e in
hug
e de
mon
stra
tions
to
supp
ort e
nerg
y ef
ficie
nt
polic
ies
and
prot
est
agai
nst t
he in
abili
ty o
f go
vern
men
t to
pro
vide
pe
ople
with
a
dece
nt li
veli-
hood
in th
is
era
of e
xpen
-si
ve o
il.
Her
e in
Nijm
egen
chi
ldre
n gr
ow u
p pa
rtic
ipat
ing
in c
omm
unal
act
iviti
es fr
om
a yo
ung
age
as p
art o
f the
loca
l soc
ial
envi
ronm
ent.
Lear
ning
by
doin
g is
em
pha-
sise
d.
Mix
of n
ew a
ctiv
e co
nstr
uctio
ns
Insu
latio
n ba
sed
on D
IY s
olut
ions
Ret
rofit
ted
pa
ssiv
e ho
usin
g
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 4
9
2020
: Due
to h
igh
unem
ploy
-m
ent a
nd ri
sing
pric
es, p
eopl
e ha
ve ti
me
to s
tart
exp
erim
ent-
ing
with
loca
l pro
duct
ion
of
ener
gy a
nd fo
od.
2021
: New
mod
els
of lo
cal
colla
bora
tion
emer
ge a
roun
d en
ergy
and
food
saf
ety.
2020
: App
licat
ions
of t
he S
ci-
ence
of E
mpa
thy
have
had
a
sign
ifica
nt s
uppo
rtiv
e im
pact
on
suc
h fie
lds
as c
olla
bora
tive
cons
umpt
ion
and
the
orga
nisa
-tio
n of
wor
k.
2025
: As
the
‘Tw
in c
risis
’ of
finan
cial
mar
kets
and
nat
iona
l po
litic
s pe
rsis
ts fo
r sev
eral
ye
ars,
an
incr
easi
ng n
umbe
r of
tow
ns d
ecid
e th
at e
nerg
y an
d fo
od s
ecur
ity m
ust b
e ad
-dr
esse
d th
roug
h ne
w p
olic
ies
and
way
s of
org
aniz
ing
at th
e lo
cal l
evel
.
2025
: A n
ew E
urop
e-w
ide
netw
ork
of “
villa
ges
in to
wns
” is
est
ab-
lishe
d. M
embe
rs o
f the
net
wor
k es
tabl
ish
urba
n fa
rmin
g co
oper
a-tiv
es in
thei
r nei
ghbo
urho
ods
and
star
t neg
otia
ting
with
mun
icip
ali-
ties,
real
-est
ate
owne
rs a
nd in
hab-
itant
s fo
r acc
ess
to u
nder
-use
d la
nd fo
r far
min
g pu
rpos
es.
“Mos
t of t
he s
pace
out
side
our
bui
ldin
g is
for
farm
-in
g us
e. W
e ha
d to
pay
a s
ubst
antia
l am
ount
for
a pl
ot to
gro
w o
ur fo
od, b
ut n
ow w
e pr
oduc
e en
ough
fo
r ou
r ne
ighb
ours
, as
wel
l.”
2
020
2
02
5
2024
: Gov
ernm
ents
are
una
ble
to h
elp
bank
s ou
t of
inso
lven
cy. S
tock
mar
kets
are
clo
sed
and
re-o
pene
d ag
ain,
sev
eral
tim
es. G
over
nmen
ts fa
il to
cre
ate
poli-
cies
that
wou
ld h
elp
the
mar
kets
out
of t
he c
risis
.
2022
: The
fina
ncia
l mar
kets
face
sev
ere
cris
is. S
ever
al b
ig b
anks
col
laps
e as
a
resu
lt of
the
bank
rupt
cies
of b
ig c
ompa
nies
, the
bub
ble
in e
nerg
y m
arke
ts,
turm
oil i
n re
al e
stat
e m
arke
ts, u
ncon
trol
led
risk-
taki
ng a
nd p
erve
rse
ince
ntiv
es
for m
anag
ers
and
CEO
s w
orki
ng in
hed
ge fu
nds.
I use
d to
wor
k in
the
finan
ce
sect
or, b
ut I
gain
ed a
nd lo
st
mon
ey a
t an
incr
edib
le s
peed
, w
hich
led
to a
hor
rible
per
-so
nal s
ituat
ion.
I w
ant t
o w
ork
hand
s-on
from
now
on.
At s
choo
l, ki
ds w
ant t
o do
thei
r ho
mew
ork
and
even
exa
ms
toge
ther
with
oth
er k
ids.
Thi
s is
be
caus
e th
e hu
gely
po
pula
r TV
ser
ies
Th
e A
ltrui
st is
run
ning
in
its
fifth
yea
r an
d is
bei
ng c
opie
d in
sc
hool
s.
Mic
ro-p
rodu
cers
of f
ood
are
orga
nise
d in
co-
ops
that
al
low
them
to tr
ade
food
on
a ve
ry lo
cal b
asis
. The
se
netw
orks
bec
ome
huge
ly p
opul
ar in
eve
ryda
y lif
e.
Opt
imiz
atio
n of
or
char
d sp
ace
Form
er s
tree
t tr
ansf
orm
ed
into
orc
hard
50 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
syst
em b
reak
s do
wn
The
“We
can”
gen
erat
ion
wor
ks to
geth
er
Pub
lic, p
rivat
e an
d pe
ople
(PP
P)
– th
e ne
w w
elfa
re m
odel
Com
mun
itisa
tion
of u
rban
pla
nnin
g
20
30
2028
: “Vi
llage
s in
tow
ns”
star
t to
deve
lop
loca
l nut
ri-tio
n cy
cles
thro
ugh
colle
ctin
g or
gani
c w
aste
and
hel
ping
inha
bita
nts
build
thei
r ow
n dr
y-to
ilets
. Th
e id
ea o
f tow
n vi
llage
s sp
read
s fa
st a
nd s
oon
shap
es th
e ge
ogra
phy
of m
any
Euro
pean
tow
ns a
nd c
ities
.
2028
: The
abs
ence
of d
ynam
ic g
loba
l m
arke
ts re
sults
in e
xtre
me
ener
gy a
nd
food
sca
rcity
. Peo
ple
rely
on
thei
r im
me-
diat
e ci
rcle
to g
uara
ntee
acc
ess
to fo
od
and
othe
r bas
ic c
omm
oditi
es. P
rodu
cts
are
used
as
effic
ient
ly a
s po
ssib
le.
2030
: The
mos
t suc
cess
ful m
odifi
-ca
tions
of t
he n
ew P
ublic
-Priv
ate-
Peo
ple-
mod
el (P
PP
) gai
n pl
enty
of
atte
ntio
n at
a ti
me
whe
n m
ost o
f the
re
gion
s of
Eur
ope
are
ham
pere
d by
ro
cket
ing
ener
gy a
nd fo
od p
rices
an
d oc
casi
onal
sho
rtag
es.
2030
: Whi
le la
ck o
f bot
h pu
blic
and
pr
ivat
e m
oney
in R
&D
slo
ws
dow
n th
e di
ssem
inat
ion
of n
ew in
nova
-tio
ns, a
pplic
atio
ns o
f the
‘tec
hnol
ogy
of e
mpa
thy’
see
m to
be
an e
xcep
tion
and
they
pic
k up
pac
e in
com
paris
on
to o
ther
fiel
ds.
“Whe
n w
e ha
ve d
ays
off w
e lik
e to
find
a h
ost f
amily
in th
e fa
rmin
g lo
ops
near
by. I
cyc
le
ther
e w
ith m
y hu
sban
d an
d ki
ds.”
I am
rea
lly lo
okin
g fo
rwar
d to
the
BB
Q n
ight
nex
t wee
k.
I lik
e it
whe
n co
-hou
sing
co
mm
uniti
es d
ecid
e to
co
ok a
nd e
at to
geth
er o
n a
regu
lar
basi
s. T
his
build
s co
mm
unity
resi
lienc
e.
I do
mos
t of m
y w
ork
at h
ub-
like
offic
e sp
aces
that
exi
st
ever
ywhe
re. I
like
thes
e co
llab-
orat
ion
spac
es a
s I fi
nd th
em
stim
ulat
ing.
The
y sp
ur o
n ne
w
inno
vatio
ns a
s I m
eet m
ore
and
mor
e ne
w p
eopl
e.
2026
: In
man
y co
untr
ies
gove
rnm
ents
resi
gn
and
it tu
rns
out t
o be
impo
ssib
le to
form
new
co
aliti
ons,
whi
ch p
aral
yzes
nat
iona
l pol
itics
and
pu
blic
inve
stm
ents
.
2027
: Giv
en th
e hi
gh a
nd p
ersi
sten
t une
mpl
oym
ent,
man
y lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es h
ave
adop
ted
new
pra
ctic
es fo
r pee
r-to
-pee
r net
wor
king
bas
ed o
n th
e la
test
und
erst
andi
ng o
f peo
ple’
s ca
pabi
lity
for e
mpa
thy
and
colla
bora
tion.
The
shi
ft fro
m o
wne
rshi
p to
acc
ess
is fo
ster
ed. T
his
mea
ns m
ore
and
mor
e pr
oduc
ts a
re s
hare
d an
d co
nsum
ptio
n is
ve
ry n
eeds
-bas
ed.
2028
: Vis
iona
ry p
oliti
cian
s, e
ntre
pren
eurs
and
ci
vic
lead
ers
gath
er a
nd u
nite
loca
l (hu
man
, ma-
teria
l and
fina
ncia
l) re
sour
ces
to re
form
exi
stin
g in
fras
truc
ture
and
ser
vice
pro
visi
on to
mat
ch th
e ne
w p
oliti
cal r
ealit
y.
My
mon
thly
out
put o
f soi
l is
enou
gh to
sup
port
my
own
farm
ing
need
s. I
get m
y so
il th
roug
h m
y su
per-
effic
ient
dr
y to
ilet a
nd c
ompo
st.
Hea
lth is
of t
he h
ighe
st
impo
rtan
ce in
loca
l ad-
min
istr
atio
n an
d in
eve
ry
mun
icip
ality
her
e in
the
Net
herla
nds,
as
it is
in a
ll ot
her
Eur
opea
n co
untr
ies.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 5
1
2
03
5
2035
: Tow
ns a
nd re
gion
al c
ounc
ils in
di
ffere
nt c
ount
ries
resi
ze th
eir p
ower
to
com
pens
ate
for t
he d
ysfu
nctio
n-al
ity o
f nat
iona
l gov
ernm
ents
and
gl
obal
mar
kets
.
2035
: In
man
y ci
ties
and
tow
ns lo
cal P
PP
-cou
ncils
hav
e fo
-cu
sed
thei
r effo
rts
on e
stab
lishi
ng a
cces
sibl
e pu
blic
spa
ces
for e
very
nei
ghbo
urho
od a
nd v
illag
e.
“Our
fam
ily lo
ves
the
fact
that
ther
e’s
so m
uch
of s
hare
d sp
ace
in o
ur n
eigh
bour
hood
. Kid
s ca
n pl
ay to
geth
er in
the
Toy
Hou
se a
nd w
e ca
n al
so c
ook
toge
ther
with
our
com
mun
ity.”
2034
: The
big
gest
tech
nolo
gica
l boo
m s
ince
the
ar-
rival
of t
he in
tern
et a
nd m
obile
pho
nes
is c
reat
ed a
s ne
w a
pplic
atio
ns a
re d
evel
oped
at l
ocal
and
glo
bal
leve
l. Th
ese
incl
ude
man
y th
ings
from
neu
ral s
can-
ners
that
hel
p to
det
ect w
hen
you
are
feel
ing
empa
thy
to n
etw
ork
tool
s th
at re
flect
how
oth
er p
eopl
e ar
e fe
elin
g an
dw tr
aini
ng c
ours
es in
rein
forc
ing
the
ben-
efits
of c
ompa
ssio
nate
act
ions
with
in g
roup
s.
At a
ny g
iven
tim
e, I’
m p
art o
f at l
east
five
di
ffer
ent c
o-op
erat
ives
that
are
invo
lved
in
hob
bies
, foo
d an
d el
derly
car
e –
all o
f th
e ne
cess
ities
of l
ife a
re p
rovi
ded
for
by
mak
ing
com
mun
ities
res
ilien
t. Th
e ra
pid
decl
ine
of p
ublic
wel
fare
has
forc
ed p
eo-
ple
to s
tart
look
ing
afte
r th
emse
lves
.
Eve
ry d
ay I
activ
ely
offe
r m
y to
ols
for
othe
r pe
ople
to s
hare
. Th
is m
eans
that
whe
n I h
ave
a va
cuum
cl
eane
r, m
y co
mm
unity
can
us
e it
as w
ell.
At e
lect
ion
time,
I su
ppor
t act
s,
like
a lo
wer
t tax
on
loca
l foo
d,
not a
per
son
or a
par
ty. T
his
lead
s to
a m
ore
part
icip
ator
y po
litic
al s
yste
m, a
s el
ecte
d po
l-iti
cian
s ar
e no
long
er th
e ke
y.
I sha
re a
140
m2 a
part
men
t with
m
y pa
rent
s, m
y fr
iend
Chr
is-
tina
and
her
pare
nts
and
my
mot
her’s
long
-tim
e fr
iend
Jan
. 20
yea
rs a
go th
e sa
me
apar
t-m
ent w
as h
ome
to a
n el
derly
co
uple
. App
aren
tly th
eir
desi
gn
for
usin
g th
e sp
ace
was
n’t a
s cl
ever
as
ours
. My
pare
nts
built
m
e m
y ow
n ro
om la
st m
onth
. It
took
us
one
wee
kend
.
Her
e in
Cro
atia
spo
ntan
eous
ne
ighb
ourh
ood
danc
ing
ses-
sion
s ar
e a
sign
of t
rust
and
he
alth
y co
mm
unity
.
I fre
quen
tly u
se p
ublic
tran
spor
t tha
t is
ac-
cess
ible
on
dem
and
from
the
coun
trys
ide
to th
e ci
ty. S
mal
l bus
es m
ake
it ef
fort
less
to
trav
el w
ithin
vill
ages
. The
re a
re a
lso
lots
of
mod
ular
mic
ro-t
ram
s th
at p
rovi
de e
ffici
ent
mob
ility
.
Unf
ortu
nate
ly w
e ha
d a
serie
s of
con
flict
s be
twee
n di
ffer
ent n
eigh
bour
hood
s he
re in
Mad
rid, o
ver
how
to
shar
e la
nd th
at w
as fr
eed
up
from
car
use
.
Act
ive
farm
ing
clas
ses
edu-
cate
chi
ldre
n to
be
com
e ad
-eq
uate
farm
ers
know
ledg
eabl
e in
sus
tain
able
m
etho
ds. T
his
type
of e
duca
-tio
n em
erge
s in
sc
hool
s al
l ove
r E
urop
e.
Com
mun
ity
cook
ing
spac
e
& d
inin
g ar
ea
Sha
red
kids
’ To
y H
ouse
52 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
The
syst
em b
reak
s do
wn
The
“We
can”
gen
erat
ion
wor
ks to
geth
er
Pub
lic, p
rivat
e an
d pe
ople
(PP
P) –
the
new
wel
fare
mod
el
Com
mun
itisa
tion
of u
rban
pla
nnin
g
2040
2045
2050
2040
: Pol
itica
l par
ticip
atio
n ta
kes
plac
e at
the
loca
l lev
el a
nd n
ew m
etho
ds o
f dire
ct d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
are
intr
oduc
ed.
2040
: One
mill
ion
Euro
pean
coo
pera
tives
agr
ee
on o
pen
sour
ce s
tand
ards
for t
heir
tech
nolo
gies
an
d w
ays
of o
rgan
izin
g. T
he s
tand
ards
requ
ire
mut
ual h
elp
from
coo
pera
tives
in te
achi
ng th
e be
st
poss
ible
met
hods
. The
his
tory
of t
he n
ew a
gree
-m
ent g
oes
back
to o
pen
sour
ce e
ntre
pren
eurs
fro
m th
e N
ordi
c co
untr
ies
in th
e ea
rly 2
000.
The
se
entr
epre
neur
s ar
gued
that
eve
rybo
dy w
ould
hav
e so
met
hing
to o
ffer f
or th
e so
ciet
y if
only
they
wer
e pr
ovid
ed w
ith th
e ac
cess
to th
e da
ta.
2041
: Sev
eral
mic
rona
tions
hav
e ad
opte
d ne
w
deci
sion
-mak
ing
proc
esse
s as
sist
ed b
y Te
ch-
nolo
gy o
f Em
path
y to
ols.
The
se to
ols
mak
e it
poss
ible
to e
ngag
e ci
tizen
s at
new
leve
ls,
and
they
hel
p in
cre
atin
g co
nsen
sus
on m
any
far-
reac
hing
issu
es th
at in
the
prev
ious
era
of
part
y po
litic
s be
cam
e lo
cked
in s
tale
mat
e.
2040
: The
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
is p
ract
ical
ly tr
ansf
orm
ed in
to U
nite
d C
ities
, Tow
ns a
nd R
egio
ns a
s th
e si
gnifi
canc
e of
the
natio
n st
ate
dim
inis
hes.
A n
ew G
loba
l Tra
de C
ounc
il is
form
ed th
roug
h w
hich
m
icro
natio
ns m
anag
e tr
ade
and
com
mer
ce.
2040
: The
gen
erat
ion
of p
eopl
e w
ho h
ave
grow
n up
with
in th
e em
path
y pa
radi
gm g
ain
perm
anen
t pos
ition
s in
po
litic
s, c
ompa
nies
and
co
mm
uniti
es.
2040
: ‘S
harin
g th
e vi
llage
’, a
colla
bora
tivel
y cr
eate
d m
anua
l on
plan
ning
loca
l ene
rgy,
fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n an
d sm
art s
harin
g of
nei
gh-
bour
hood
indo
or a
nd o
utdo
or s
pace
s, g
ains
im
men
se p
opul
arity
all
over
Eur
ope.
2037
: One
of t
he m
ost s
ucce
ssfu
l met
hods
of P
PP
has
bee
n th
e fo
rmat
ion
of n
eigh
bour
hood
coo
pera
tives
. The
se s
truc
ture
s w
ere
kick
star
ted
with
the
help
of m
unic
ipal
ities
and
PP
P v
olun
tary
gr
oups
that
wen
t to
advi
se n
eigh
bour
hood
s on
how
to o
rgan
ize
peer
-to-
peer
ser
vice
s, s
tart
thei
r ow
n en
ergy
and
food
pro
duct
ion,
ga
ther
reso
urce
s fo
r inf
rast
ruct
ure
alte
ratio
ns a
nd h
ow to
form
sus
-ta
inab
le m
odel
s fo
r col
labo
ratio
n.
2037
: Fun
ds a
re c
olle
cted
from
indi
vidu
als,
loca
l ent
er-
pris
es a
nd m
unic
ipal
ities
to fo
rm p
laza
s, in
ner c
ourt
-ya
rds,
mee
ting
spac
es a
nd n
eigh
bour
hood
ass
embl
y ha
lls w
here
peo
ple
can
join
thei
r nei
ghbo
urs,
sta
rt p
lan-
ning
for l
ocal
ene
rgy
and
food
pro
duct
ion,
and
lear
n ho
w to
form
tim
eban
ks, p
eer-
to-p
eer s
ervi
ces
and
othe
r typ
es o
f sha
ring
syst
ems.
Reo
rgan
isin
g pu
blic
sp
ace
also
hel
ps re
duce
the
need
for i
ndiv
idua
l spa
ce.
2038
: Sol
utio
ns o
f em
ergi
ng
citie
s, to
wns
and
regi
ons
focu
s on
cre
atin
g a
new
ki
nd o
f loc
al e
cono
my
and
new
type
of s
hare
d po
wer
be
twee
n th
e pu
blic
sec
tor,
com
pani
es a
nd in
divi
dual
s.
2038
: A g
roup
of i
nitia
tors
that
al
loca
te lo
cal r
esou
rces
em
erge
s.Th
ey s
et u
p ex
perim
ents
on
way
s to
take
of c
are
of lo
cal r
esou
rces
th
roug
h ne
w ty
pes
of lo
ng-t
erm
pl
anni
ng o
f e.g
. rar
e m
iner
als.
Form
er c
ounc
il bl
ocks
ope
r-at
e lik
e se
lf-su
ffici
ent v
illag
es.
Par
king
lots
hav
e be
en tu
rned
in
to a
gric
ultu
ral fi
elds
, new
in
fill p
rovi
des
mod
ern,
wel
l-de
sign
ed fl
ats
and
new
type
s of
com
mun
al s
pace
.
I’ve
hear
d th
at th
ey ju
st
star
ted
to s
lash
and
bur
n la
nd
to c
reat
e be
tter
farm
ing
poss
i-bi
litie
s he
re in
Fin
land
. Tha
t’s
an o
ld a
nd lo
cal t
radi
tion,
but
it’
s no
w d
one
by a
pply
ing
new
te
chno
logy
.
I’m p
ursu
ing
an o
ptio
n to
att
end
a pr
ogra
m th
at
allo
ws
me
to m
ove
into
a
bett
er fu
nctio
ning
nei
gh-
bour
hood
. I k
now
I ha
ve
to w
ork
hard
ther
e, b
ut
I rea
lly a
ppre
ciat
e th
at
mor
e pr
estig
ious
com
mu-
nitie
s ar
rang
e th
ese
type
of
PP
P p
ossi
bilit
ies.
As
mos
t of m
y tim
e is
spe
nt
wor
king
and
co
llabo
ratin
g in
ver
y so
cial
se
ttin
gs, I
spe
nd
my
holid
ays
go-
ing
som
ewhe
re
whe
re I
can
be b
y m
ysel
f in
sile
nce
and
refle
ct o
n pa
st e
xper
ienc
es
and
feel
ings
.
Peo
ple
who
are
ill c
an
quar
antin
e th
emse
lves
from
th
eir
wid
er c
omm
unity
in
flu h
oste
ls, t
hus
redu
cing
th
eir
impa
ct o
n co
mm
unity
’s
reso
urce
s.
I use
a n
ew s
ervi
ce th
at
prov
ides
effi
cien
t int
ra-
city
pro
duct
logi
stic
s th
roug
h a
netw
ork
of b
icyc
les
that
del
iver
pro
duct
s w
her-
ever
and
whe
neve
r.
Eac
h ne
ighb
ourh
ood’
s av
erag
e le
vel o
f hap
-pi
ness
is s
omet
hing
I fo
llow
clo
sely
whe
n I’m
lo
okin
g to
cha
nge
apar
t-m
ents
. The
inde
x al
low
s m
e to
spo
t the
hap
pies
t ar
eas
to li
ve in
– I
wan
t to
kno
w a
bout
mor
e th
an
the
mat
eria
l off
erin
gs o
f th
e ar
ea.
Som
e of
my
frie
nds
are
educ
ated
to h
elp
the
elde
rly.
They
’re
the
mos
t res
pect
ed
indi
vidu
als
amon
g m
y fr
iend
s.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 5
3
2045
2
05
0
“I lo
ve th
e fa
ct th
at th
e ol
d st
reet
s ar
e no
w tu
rned
into
urb
an fa
rmin
g pl
ots
whi
le s
till m
aint
aini
ng p
lent
y of
spa
ce
for
wal
king
and
cyc
ling.
”
2043
: The
new
gen
erat
ion
that
now
dom
inat
es th
e w
ork
life
has
grea
ter e
xper
ienc
e w
orki
ng c
olla
bora
tivel
y th
an
ever
bef
ore.
The
se p
eopl
e un
ders
tand
that
bra
ins
also
ne
ed s
ome
time
off.
2044
: Mos
t of t
he v
illag
es in
Eur
ope
have
tr
aine
d on
e or
two
of th
eir i
nhab
itant
s to
be
thei
r “sh
arin
g ar
chite
cts”
. The
y ta
ke c
are
of
deve
lopi
ng a
vill
age’
s bu
ildin
gs a
nd s
pace
s to
ser
ve th
e ne
eds
of th
e ne
w e
ra.
2045
: The
not
ion
of le
isur
e tim
e ch
ange
s. P
eopl
e se
ek ‘r
eflec
tion
time’
, tim
e w
hen
they
are
free
from
info
rmat
ion
flow
s an
d so
cial
role
s. A
ddre
ssin
g th
is
need
for ‘
refle
ctio
n tim
e’ re
quire
s sp
ecia
l ser
vice
s, b
ecau
se th
e m
ajor
ity o
f pe
ople
live
in s
uch
clos
e ne
ighb
ourh
oods
.
2047
: Peo
ple
spen
d tim
e th
at
wou
ld p
revi
ousl
y ha
ve b
een
calle
d ‘v
acat
ions
’ in
solit
ude
in c
abin
s lo
cate
d in
the
mid
st o
f nat
ure.
Toda
y is
the
final
mat
ch o
f th
e W
orld
Cup
for
Citi
es
whe
re fo
otba
ll cl
ubs
com
-pe
te in
this
mos
t pre
stig
ious
of
tour
nam
ents
, hel
d ev
ery
four
yea
rs.
I wor
k fo
r a
loca
l cou
ncil
coor
dina
ting
a ne
twor
k of
nei
ghbo
urho
od h
ealth
pr
ogra
mm
es. M
y ro
utin
e w
orki
ng
day
is 6
hou
rs lo
ng. I
n ad
ditio
n to
m
y da
y jo
b I s
pend
two
hour
s ev
ery
day
(occ
asio
nally
a li
ttle
bit
mor
e on
w
eeke
nds)
wor
king
with
my
neig
h-bo
urs
on fa
rmin
g an
d di
ffer
ent t
ypes
of
mai
nten
ance
wor
k.
In m
y ne
ighb
ourh
ood,
th
ere’
s a
neig
hbou
r re
sour
c-es
’ man
agem
ent s
yste
m
so th
at e
very
one
can
shar
e ne
cess
ary
task
s an
d ap
pli-
ance
s ef
ficie
ntly
.
Ther
e’s
a m
onth
ly
prev
enta
tive
heal
th
circ
le in
my
com
-m
unity
. We
disc
uss
topi
cs
such
as
nutr
ition
, die
ts a
nd
slee
p cy
cles
. The
se h
ealth
ci
rcle
s ar
e ve
ry p
opul
ar.
Pro
vide
s co
mpl
emen
tary
fo
od re
sour
ces
for h
ouse
s an
d ap
artm
ents
nea
rby
Min
or s
tree
ts
tran
sfor
med
and
di
vide
d in
to lo
cal
neig
hbou
rhoo
d ga
rden
sR
e-ap
prop
riatio
n of
pub
lic s
pace
re
gene
rate
s lo
cal
soci
al li
fe
Form
er s
idew
alks
m
aint
aine
d fo
r lo
cal m
obili
ty
My
gran
dpar
ents
are
stil
l act
ive
mem
bers
of s
ocie
ty a
nd th
eir
effo
rts
in ta
king
car
e of
com
mun
ity w
ell-
bein
g ar
e ve
ry m
uch
valu
ed. T
hey
take
car
e of
chi
ldre
n in
the
stre
et
park
out
side
our
bui
ldin
g.
Mob
ility
(dai
ly a
nd to
uris
m)
11 0
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: bui
ldin
g
2400
kg
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n 26
00 k
g
Leis
ure
time
15
00 k
g
Food
73
00 k
g
Hou
sing
: el
ectr
icity
33
00 k
g
Oth
ers
900
kg
54 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Loca
l lea
ders
from
bus
ines
s,
polit
ics
and
civi
l soc
iety
…em
erge
as
key
deci
sion
mak
ers
push
ing
for
alte
rnat
ives
aft
er th
e br
eakd
own
of th
e gl
obal
sys
tem
.
Arc
hite
cts
…fo
cus
on d
esig
ning
op-
port
uniti
es fo
r fle
xibl
e ho
usin
g an
d pu
blic
spa
ce.
Nei
ghbo
urho
ods
…st
art c
o-op
s to
sup
port
sel
f rel
i-an
cy in
ene
rgy
and
food
sec
urity
.
Jour
nalis
ts a
nd
med
ia p
rodu
cers
…co
ncep
tual
ise
the
new
not
ion
of h
uman
nat
ure
that
spr
eads
em
path
y an
d hu
man
cen
tris
m.
Gat
ekee
pers
for l
ifest
yle
chan
ges
Urb
an p
lann
ers
…he
lp p
eopl
e an
d co
mm
uni-
ties
in a
dapt
ing
to th
e ne
w re
-gi
me
by c
hang
ing
stre
ets
and
publ
ic s
pace
s to
new
use
s.
Six
-pac
k of
mos
t infl
uent
ial l
ifest
yle
trigg
ers
1.
Ris
ing
ener
gy a
nd fo
od p
rices
com
bine
d w
ith a
long
eco
nom
ic d
ownt
urn
lead
to p
eopl
e be
-co
min
g m
ore
inte
rest
ed in
and
aw
are
of th
e st
ruct
ures
that
und
erpi
n th
eir l
ifest
yle
patt
erns
, as
wel
l as
of a
ltern
ativ
e, c
ost-
effe
ctiv
e so
lutio
ns to
cur
rent
food
, hou
sing
and
mob
ility
pat
tern
s.
2.
Do-
it-yo
urse
lf (D
IY) f
arm
ing,
ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n an
d re
trofi
ttin
g so
lutio
ns g
ain
popu
larit
y am
ong
man
y of
the
unem
ploy
ed. T
he in
tern
et a
nd s
ocia
l net
wor
ks h
elp
spre
ad b
est p
ract
ices
qui
ckly
an
d cr
eate
spa
ce fo
r alte
rnat
ive
econ
omie
s.
3.
New
loca
l par
tner
ship
s em
pow
er p
eopl
e to
sha
pe th
eir n
eigh
bour
hood
s to
bet
ter f
acili
tate
sel
f-su
ffici
ency
in fo
od a
nd e
nerg
y pr
oduc
tion,
and
in d
iffer
ent f
orm
s of
com
mun
al c
onsu
mpt
ion
(sha
red
use
of to
ols,
app
lianc
es a
nd s
pace
s).
4.
Hea
lth c
ease
s to
be
an in
divi
dual
issu
e an
d be
com
es a
com
mun
al o
ne. P
eopl
e pr
actic
e pr
e-ve
ntiv
e he
alth
care
in w
orkp
lace
s an
d in
nei
ghbo
urho
ods
toge
ther
with
thei
r pee
rs.
5.
New
tool
s an
d se
rvic
es fo
r int
erio
r des
igns
mak
e pe
ople
thin
k ab
out t
heir
hom
es in
new
way
s.
The
func
tiona
lity
and
flexi
bilit
y of
hom
es a
re fe
atur
es th
at p
eopl
e in
205
0 ar
e ab
le to
com
pare
an
d im
prov
e as
eas
ily a
s pe
ople
use
d to
com
pare
livi
ng s
pace
in 2
012.
6.
Occ
asio
nal s
hort
ages
cha
nge
attit
udes
and
exp
ecta
tions
. A re
duct
ion
in fo
od, l
ivin
g sp
ace,
co
nsum
er e
xpen
ditu
re, t
rave
l and
oth
er le
isur
e tim
e ac
tiviti
es is
com
pens
ated
for b
y th
e ric
h-ne
ss o
f soc
ial l
ife a
nd a
sen
se o
f pur
pose
in o
ne’s
wor
k an
d co
mm
unal
act
iviti
es.
The
aver
age
mat
eria
l foo
tpri
nt o
f a E
urop
ean
in 2
050
in t
he
Em
phat
hetic
Com
mun
ities
sce
nari
o (8
000
kg p
er p
erso
n in
a y
ear)
co
mpa
red
to t
he a
vera
ge m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint
in 2
007
(29
000
kg).
Mob
ility
(d
aily
and
tour
ism
) 12
00 k
gFo
od
3600
kg
Hou
sing
: bu
ildin
g 13
00 k
g
Oth
ers
300
kg
Hou
sing
: el
ectr
icity
80
0 kg
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n 50
0 kg
Leis
ure
tim
e 30
0 kg
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 5
5
Crit
ical
cha
lleng
es a
nd s
olut
ions
in
the
scen
ario
Em
phat
hetic
Com
mun
ities
Q1.
H
ow t
o av
oid
biod
iver
sity
dec
line
and
soil
fert
ility
loss
cau
sed
by
lo
cal r
esou
rce
over
use
and
com
petit
ion
for
land
allo
catio
n be
twee
n
ener
gy a
nd fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n?
1.
The
impe
rativ
e of
sel
f-su
ffici
ency
mak
es c
omm
uniti
es p
lan
the
villa
ges
arou
nd n
utrit
ion
cycl
es. D
iffer
ent c
omm
uniti
es n
etw
ork
and
exch
ange
so
lutio
ns o
n ho
w to
mak
e nu
triti
on c
ycle
s w
ork.
2.
Red
uced
leve
l of m
obili
ty a
nd in
crea
sed
need
for f
arm
ing
land
resu
lt in
lo
cal i
nitia
tives
to c
onve
rt fo
rmer
traf
fic in
fras
truc
ture
into
gre
en s
pace
s.
This
has
allo
wed
bio
dive
rsity
to c
ome
back
into
vill
ages
and
tow
ns w
hile
al
so fa
cilit
atin
g fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n e.
g. w
ith lo
cal f
ruit
varie
ties
on fo
rmer
in
fras
truc
ture
spa
ce.
3.
Mun
icip
al p
artn
ersh
ips
offe
r ser
vice
s, p
eer h
elp
and
supp
ort i
n m
oney
an
d m
ater
ials
for n
eigh
bour
hood
s to
bui
ld u
p ne
w v
illag
e in
fill,
new
so-
cial
pra
ctic
es a
nd c
omm
unity
spa
ces.
Urb
an s
praw
l dec
reas
es.
4.
Loca
l com
mun
ities
util
ize
loca
l low
-tec
h en
ergy
sol
utio
ns. B
est p
ract
ices
ar
e ex
chan
ged
betw
een
com
mun
ities
in g
loba
l onl
ine
netw
orks
that
en
cour
age
com
mun
ities
to e
xper
imen
t and
inno
vate
. Hig
h pr
ices
and
hi
gh le
vels
of u
nem
ploy
men
t pus
h pe
ople
tow
ards
com
mun
al w
ays
of
livin
g w
hich
ena
ble
low
er le
vels
of e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
n an
d sm
alle
r liv
ing
spac
es
Q2.
H
ow t
o av
oid
glob
al r
esou
rce
over
use,
reg
iona
l con
flict
s an
d
in
effic
ient
use
of l
ocal
res
ourc
es?
1.
Occ
asio
nal s
carc
ity o
f cer
tain
food
stuf
fs, p
rodu
cts
and
reso
urce
s fo
ster
lif
esty
les
base
d on
suf
ficie
ncy.
Peo
ple
lear
n to
sha
re s
pace
s an
d go
ods
and
enjo
y co
mm
unal
way
s of
livi
ng. D
iffer
ent t
ypes
of s
wap
ping
sys
tem
s m
ake
peop
le fe
el s
ense
of s
uffic
ienc
y an
d in
crea
se e
ffici
ency
of m
ater
ial
use.
2.
Ope
n so
urce
exc
hang
e sy
stem
s fo
r cer
tain
nat
ural
reso
urce
s an
d m
anu-
fact
ured
pro
duct
s in
crea
se c
oope
ratio
n be
twee
n re
gion
s an
d pr
ovid
e so
me
addi
tiona
l val
ue to
loca
l com
mun
ities
thus
avo
idin
g co
nflic
ts.
Q3.
H
ow t
o av
oid
unhe
alth
y di
ets
and
lifes
tyle
s?
1.
Equa
l acc
ess
to p
reve
ntat
ive
heal
th in
form
atio
n an
d se
rvic
es is
a m
ajor
fie
ld o
f pub
lic s
ecto
r on
the
loca
l lev
el. M
unic
ipal
par
tner
ship
s an
d ne
ighb
ourh
oods
col
labo
rate
in c
reat
ing
serie
s of
inte
rven
tions
aim
ing
at
pro-
heal
th c
ultu
re w
ithin
com
mun
ities
. Life
is b
ased
on
phys
ical
wor
k so
pe
ople
are
in g
ood
shap
e.
2.
Mob
ility
bas
ed o
n w
alki
ng a
nd c
yclin
g an
d a
do-it
-you
rsel
f life
styl
e pr
omot
e go
od h
ealth
.
3.
Sca
rcity
of i
mpo
rted
food
stuf
fs m
ake
peop
le a
dopt
sea
sona
l die
ts th
at
cons
tant
ly u
tiliz
e va
ryin
g so
urce
s of
pro
tein
and
vita
min
s. T
here
fore
pe
ople
’s n
utrit
ion
is m
ostly
suf
ficie
nt a
nd b
alan
ced,
but
not
exc
essi
ve o
r ov
erab
unda
nt a
s in
ear
lier d
ecad
es.
56 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Sin
gula
r S
uper
Cha
mpi
ons
Gov
erni
ng t
he C
omm
ons
Loca
l Loo
psE
mpa
thet
ic C
omm
uniti
esE
duca
tion
Embe
dded
into
eve
ryda
y lif
e an
d pr
actic
es, l
ifelo
ng in
-st
ead
of s
hort
cyc
les
in th
e be
ginn
ing
of li
fe. I
ndiv
idua
lized
an
d co
mm
odifi
ed. B
asis
of w
elfa
re p
rovi
sion
.
The
mai
n fo
cus
of e
duca
tion
is o
n pe
er-t
o-pe
er s
kill-
shar
ing.
Lea
rnin
g by
doi
ng is
em
phas
ized
in it
erat
ive
way
s.
Pan
dem
ic te
chno
logy
ena
bles
inst
ant f
eedb
ack
loop
s,
whi
ch a
ccel
erat
e sh
arin
g of
kno
wle
dge.
Foc
us o
n in
form
al
educ
atio
n w
here
cla
ssro
oms
do n
ot e
xist
.
Educ
atio
n is
abo
ut tr
ansm
ittin
g an
d sh
ar-
ing
skill
s. C
rafts
man
ship
and
spe
cial
isa-
tion
are
prom
oted
thro
ugh
mut
ual t
each
ing
and
prob
lem
-bas
ed le
arni
ng.
Educ
atio
n an
d le
arni
ng a
re p
robl
em-b
ased
and
co
llabo
ratio
n-dr
iven
.
Wor
kH
uman
reso
urce
s hi
ghlig
ht w
ork.
Tal
ent i
s co
ncen
trat
ed
in g
loba
l org
anis
atio
ns. E
ntre
pren
eur v
s. s
uper
tale
nted
m
ultin
atio
nal c
lass
Peo
ple’
s so
urce
s of
inco
me
have
frag
men
ted.
Com
preh
en-
sive
use
of s
kills
are
val
ued.
Eve
ryon
e ha
s so
met
hing
to
offe
r to
soci
ety.
Key
wor
ds d
escr
ibin
g w
ork
incl
ude
mic
ro-
task
s, c
row
dsou
rcin
g an
d be
ing
usef
ul to
one
’s p
eers
.
Wor
k is
cha
ract
eris
ed b
y en
gage
men
t with
is
sues
and
col
labo
ratio
n w
ithin
and
am
ong
guild
s. N
eeds
met
by
appl
ying
des
ign
thin
king
and
form
ulat
ing
loca
l sol
utio
ns.
Wor
k ha
ppen
s co
llabo
rativ
ely
in h
ubs
and
peop
le le
arn
thro
ugh
aski
ng fo
r inp
ut fr
om c
olle
ague
s. H
ands
-on
wor
k is
hig
hly
valu
ed. W
ork
is n
eigh
bour
hood
-bas
ed a
nd
aim
s at
con
trib
utin
g to
the
com
mun
ity.
City
10-1
5 hi
ghly
urb
anis
ed m
etro
polis
es in
Eur
ope.
Ext
rem
ely
dens
e. L
ots
of n
ew in
fras
truc
ture
. New
spe
cial
ised
are
as
of e
xcel
lenc
e.
Citi
es a
re b
ased
on
alre
ady
exis
ting
infr
astr
uctu
re. O
ffice
an
d sc
hool
bui
ldin
gs h
ave
been
con
vert
ed in
to fl
ats
and
publ
ic s
pace
s. U
rban
exp
erie
nces
are
enr
iche
d by
aug
-m
ente
d re
ality
. Peo
ple
find
pers
onal
ised
sol
utio
ns to
fulfi
l th
eir n
eeds
and
asp
iratio
ns o
n bo
t the
phy
sica
l and
virt
ual
laye
rs.
Citi
es a
re m
ultic
entr
ed a
nd fo
rmed
into
th
eir o
wn
loop
s. G
uild
s w
orki
ng a
nd li
ving
in
the
loop
s la
y th
eir o
wn
stro
ng c
hara
c-te
ristic
s on
thei
r loo
ps.
Villa
ge in
fill f
om s
praw
l to
farm
vill
age.
Par
king
lots
are
tu
rned
into
pla
ces
of fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n. T
he p
ublic
spa
ce
gain
s gr
eat s
igni
fican
ce. V
illag
es w
ithin
citi
es a
re k
ey
elem
ents
of t
he u
rban
fabr
ic.
Hea
lthP
reve
ntat
ive
publ
ic h
ealth
care
. Rat
iona
l die
ts. S
elfd
iag-
nosi
s.P
eer-
to-p
eer n
etw
ork
supp
ort i
s ch
arac
teris
tic o
f bot
h pr
even
tativ
e an
d re
activ
e he
alth
car
e. P
ublic
fund
ing
is
prov
ided
for h
ealth
-car
e co
oper
ativ
es. A
wid
e va
riety
of
heal
thy
lifes
tyle
s ha
ve b
ecom
e ro
utin
ised
. Dig
ital f
eedb
ack
tool
s ar
e us
ed b
y ev
eryo
ne.
Wor
k pl
aces
pro
vide
hea
lth-c
are
and
skill
ed d
octo
rs. T
here
are
bas
ic ri
ghts
that
al
l reg
ions
agr
ee to
prio
ritis
e w
ith re
gard
to
heal
th-c
are.
Par
adig
m o
f qua
lity
over
qua
ntity
cha
ract
eris
es th
e he
alth
-car
e sy
stem
. Thi
s m
eans
that
the
mea
ning
fuln
ess
of a
per
son’
s lif
espa
n is
see
n as
mor
e im
port
ant t
han
the
amou
nt o
f yea
rs li
ved.
Loc
al a
dmin
istr
atio
n pr
iorit
ises
he
alth
-car
e an
d he
alth
y liv
ing.
Eve
ry m
unic
ipal
ity h
as
a ho
spita
l. H
ealth
y-liv
ing-
circ
les
shar
e pr
even
tativ
e kn
owle
dge
loca
lly.
Livi
ngLo
catio
n co
mpe
nsat
es s
ize
of th
e fla
t. N
ew m
ater
ials
and
de
sign
. Pric
e dr
ives
den
sity
.P
eopl
e liv
e in
sm
all fl
ats
and
wor
k in
new
offi
ce lo
fts. T
he
digi
tal l
ayer
is k
ey to
ovi
de p
eopl
e w
ith q
ualit
y in
thei
r liv
es.
Sm
art h
omes
, aus
tere
furn
iture
and
dig
ital s
ervi
ces
char
ac-
teris
e do
mes
ticity
.
Livi
ng in
the
loop
s is
cha
ract
eris
ed b
y sh
ared
spa
ces,
exi
stin
g in
fras
truc
ture
and
co
-wor
king
spa
ces.
Gui
ld m
embe
rs o
ften
live
in th
e sa
me
neig
hbou
rhoo
d.
Farm
ing
oppo
rtun
ities
rais
e pr
oper
ty v
alue
s. P
eopl
e liv
e in
sha
red
apar
tmen
ts a
nd m
ake
use
of s
hare
d sp
aces
.
Food
Pric
e an
d he
alth
effi
cien
t die
t. La
rge
scal
e or
gani
c pr
o-du
ctio
n.Fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n an
d di
strib
utio
n ar
e m
anag
ed b
y gl
obal
fo
od s
yste
ms
and
smar
t foo
d st
orag
e m
echa
nism
s ar
e in
pl
ace.
A m
ultit
ude
of d
iets
are
offe
red
and
ener
gy in
take
is
redu
ced.
Veg
etab
le c
hoic
es a
nd s
ynth
etic
mea
ts fo
rm
diffe
rent
iatio
ns in
die
ts.
Food
pro
duct
ion
and
dist
ribut
ion
are
mar
ked
by lo
calit
y, m
inim
ised
tran
spor
ta-
tion
and
neig
hbou
rhoo
d ca
ntee
ns. E
nerg
y us
ed fo
r foo
d pr
oduc
tion
is o
ptim
ised
.
Gro
win
g fo
od in
urb
an fa
rmin
g ci
rcle
s m
eets
loca
l foo
d de
man
d. F
ood
tran
spor
tatio
n ne
eds
are
very
low
. In
ad-
ditio
n to
pro
duct
ion,
hig
h im
port
ance
is a
lso
plac
ed o
n fo
od q
ualit
y, a
nd d
istr
ibut
ion.
Mob
ility
New
rail
syst
ems
with
in a
nd b
etw
een
met
ropo
lises
. P
erso
naliz
ed ra
pid
tran
spor
t sys
tem
s. S
mar
t mob
ility
so
lutio
ns. H
igh
pric
es.
Mob
ility
is g
reat
ly re
duce
d by
the
use
of d
igita
l too
ls. C
om-
mut
ing
is m
inim
ised
and
the
cons
truc
tion
of n
ew tr
affic
in
fras
truc
tue
has
beco
me
unne
cess
ary.
Sm
art p
ublic
tran
sit
and
car a
nd ri
de s
harin
g ar
e th
e m
ain
form
s of
tran
spor
t.
Tran
spor
tatio
n is
abo
ut w
alka
bilit
y an
d cy
clin
g. E
xist
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re is
opt
i-m
ised
. Int
erci
ty m
obili
ty is
nee
ded
less
an
d se
rvic
es a
re h
ome-
deliv
ered
. Loc
al
tour
ism
and
long
vac
atio
ns a
re fa
vour
ed
by p
eopl
e.
Loca
l mob
ility
is e
mph
asis
ed a
nd le
ss ro
ad s
pace
is
devo
ted
for p
rivat
e ve
hicl
es. O
ld a
nd n
ew in
fras
truc
ture
is
ada
pted
to c
yclin
g.
Con
sum
ing
Mea
ning
s an
d sy
mbo
ls g
et c
onsu
med
mor
e th
an p
rod-
ucts
. Edu
catio
n an
d se
lf-pr
ojec
ted
me.
Pric
e m
echa
nism
.3D
-prin
ting
pers
onal
ises
con
sum
ptio
n. M
ater
ial c
onsu
mp-
tion
is re
duce
d by
usi
ng m
odul
ar a
pplia
nces
, whi
ch e
nabl
e do
-it-y
ours
elf (
DIY
) rep
air a
nd u
pgra
de o
f pro
duct
s. H
igh
degr
ees
of a
pplia
nce
pers
onal
isat
ion,
virt
ual c
onsu
mpt
ion
and
recy
clab
le g
ener
ic m
ater
ials
form
new
des
ign
and
prod
ucer
cul
ture
s, h
elpi
ng to
redu
ce th
e ov
eral
l num
ber o
f ap
plia
nces
.
Con
sum
ptio
n dr
iver
s in
clud
e a
mas
s qu
est
to re
duce
the
over
all v
olum
e of
app
li-an
ces
need
ed th
roug
h sh
arin
g sc
hem
es
and
repl
acem
ent s
ervi
ces.
Pro
duct
s ar
e m
ade
with
hig
h-qu
ality
loca
l mat
eria
ls
and
desi
gn. A
vaila
bilit
y of
fore
ign
good
s is
lim
ited.
All
prod
ucts
are
repa
irabl
e.
Con
sum
ptio
n is
gea
red
tow
ards
mee
ting
peop
le’s
bas
ic
need
s. S
harin
g, s
wap
ping
and
rent
ing
succ
eed
priv
ate
owne
rshi
p.
Mat
rix o
n lif
esty
le d
iffer
ence
s in
the
four
sce
nario
s
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 5
7
Eco
nom
yLa
rge
mul
tinat
iona
l firm
s. E
ffici
ency
. Com
petit
ion.
Eco
-in
dust
rial r
evol
utio
n. S
tand
ardi
sed
tran
spar
ent d
ata.
Mic
ro-t
asks
cha
ract
eris
e ec
onom
ic o
rgan
isat
ion.
New
bus
i-ne
sses
are
cre
ated
in a
nd b
y da
ta-r
ich
envi
ronm
ents
. Ope
n so
urce
, ope
n da
ta a
nd fr
ee d
istr
ibut
ion
of in
form
atio
n dr
ive
new
inno
vatio
n. P
erso
nal o
ptim
isat
ion,
DIY
, pee
r ser
vice
s an
d m
anuf
actu
ring
are
driv
ers
of th
e ne
w e
cono
my.
The
econ
omy
is b
ased
aro
und
loca
l use
r-ce
ntric
ada
ptat
ions
and
effi
cien
t loc
al
clus
terin
g.
The
econ
omy
is o
rgan
ized
aro
und
the
self-
suffi
cien
cy o
f sm
all u
nits
. Foo
d po
duct
ion
is p
riorit
ised
. Exp
erim
enta
-tio
n ha
ppen
s on
the
loca
l lev
el a
nd h
igh
valu
e is
giv
en to
co
mm
unity
act
iviti
es.
Sen
se o
f se
curi
tyFr
om te
chno
logi
cal p
rogr
ess.
Tra
nspa
renc
y. S
urve
illan
ce.
Indi
vidu
al c
hoic
es. T
houg
ht le
ader
s.S
ense
of s
ecur
ity is
hei
ghte
ned
by m
embe
rshi
p in
pee
r-to
-pe
er c
omm
uniti
es. D
emoc
ratis
ed d
ata
empo
wer
s pe
ople
. Ea
sy a
cces
s to
ser
vice
s, p
rodu
cts
and
glob
al k
now
ledg
e-ba
ses
prom
otes
equ
ality
. Per
sona
lised
app
lianc
es a
nd
dire
ct p
artic
ipat
ion
incr
ease
a s
ense
of b
elon
ging
and
se
curit
y.
Sen
se o
f sec
urity
is g
ener
ated
thro
ugh
guild
s an
d un
ders
tand
ing
of h
ow th
e sy
s-te
m, i
.e. t
he c
lose
d cy
cles
, wor
k. P
eopl
e id
entif
y th
emse
lves
prim
arily
as
part
of
thei
r wor
k co
mm
uniti
es.
Sen
se o
f sec
urity
is g
ener
ated
by
com
mun
ities
, clo
sed
circ
les,
coo
pera
tives
as
wel
l as
by h
ealth
and
food
ci
rcle
s. P
PP
-sys
tem
s gu
aran
tee
part
icip
atio
n an
d se
nse
of o
wne
rshi
p in
pub
lic a
nd s
ocia
l affa
irs.
Leis
ure
time
Inve
stin
g in
ow
n ed
ucat
ion
and
trai
ning
.Le
isur
e tim
e is
form
ed a
roun
d a
mul
titud
e of
dig
ital i
nter
ac-
tions
. Hom
e co
nsum
ptio
n, h
igh
qual
ity h
ouse
hold
cap
abili
-tie
s an
d di
gita
l cro
wd
expe
rienc
es a
re th
e m
ain
way
s of
sp
endi
ng fr
ee ti
me.
Peo
ple
have
out
sour
ced
thei
r hou
sew
ork
in o
rder
to b
e ab
le to
max
imis
e th
eir i
nput
s in
wor
k co
mm
uniti
es. L
eisu
re ti
me
is
mos
tly s
pent
with
gui
ld m
embe
rs.
Leis
ure
time
is m
ostly
pub
lic a
nd u
sed
for s
ocia
l act
ivi-
ties,
e.g
. in
gard
enin
g ci
rcle
s. V
acat
ions
pro
vide
tim
e fo
r se
lf-re
flect
ion.
Sin
gula
r S
uper
Cha
mpi
ons
Gov
erni
ng t
he C
omm
ons
Loca
l Loo
psE
mpa
thet
ic C
omm
uniti
es
58 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
How
did
the
SPR
EAD
sce
nario
s re
ach
lifes
tyle
s
of 8
000
kg m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint?
Mat
eria
l Foo
tpri
nt
(kg/
pers
on/y
ear)
Sin
gula
r S
uper
C
ham
pion
s
Cen
tral
ass
umpt
ions
on
tech
nolo
gyC
entr
al a
ssum
ptio
ns o
n lif
esty
leG
over
ning
th
e C
om-
mon
s
Cen
tral
ass
ump-
tions
on
tech
nol-
ogy
Cen
tral
ass
ump-
tions
on
lifes
tyle
Food
2500
Hi-t
ech
orga
nic.
Pric
e m
echa
nism
, sus
tain
-ab
le e
lite,
low
to n
o m
eat,
effic
ient
die
ts (e
cono
my-
ecol
ogy-
heal
th).
2500
Hig
h-yi
eld
plan
ts,
synt
hetic
mea
t, le
ss
was
te.
Sm
alle
r ene
rgy
in-
take
, no
appe
tite
for
mea
t, he
alth
y di
ets.
Hou
sing
: bui
ldin
g13
00G
loba
l zer
o en
ergy
tech
nol-
ogy
(no
heat
ing
or c
oolin
g),
long
evity
of b
uild
ings
, but
m
ostly
new
ly b
uilt,
flex
ibili
ty
of fl
ats,
upc
yclin
g of
con
-st
ruct
ion
mat
eria
ls.
Sm
all,
smar
t flat
s, fl
exib
le
spac
e us
e, d
ense
livi
ng.
1400
Sm
art h
omes
, ret
rofit
-tin
g fu
nctio
nal,
spac
e-ef
ficie
nt fl
ats.
Few
new
bui
ldin
gs,
effic
ient
spa
ce u
se,
mai
nly
from
woo
d,
virt
ual s
ervi
ces
re-
duce
nee
d fo
r spa
ce
at h
ome,
hom
e re
plac
es o
ffice
.
Hou
sing
: ele
tric
ity30
0Th
e en
ergy
dem
and
of
hous
ing
and
ICT
has
de-
crea
sed,
than
ks to
effi
cien
t te
chno
logi
cal s
olut
ions
. H
ighl
y re
sour
ce-e
ffici
ent a
nd
carb
on-n
eutr
al w
ind,
as
wel
l as
sol
ar p
ower
.
Ener
gy d
eman
d ha
s de
-cr
ease
d in
hou
sing
and
ICT,
bu
t not
sub
stan
tially
, as
ICT
is e
very
whe
re.
300
Red
uced
ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
but
ubiq
uito
us IC
T, b
ased
on
ele
ctric
ity a
nd
supe
r grid
, div
erse
re
new
able
reso
urce
s,
dist
ribut
ed p
rodu
ctio
n,
foss
il fu
els
phas
ed
out,
lots
of p
laye
rs in
en
ergy
mar
ket.
Ubi
quou
s IC
T,
hom
es re
plac
e of
fic-
es a
nd m
eetin
g lo
ca-
tions
, lim
ited
amou
nt
of 3
D-p
rodu
cts.
Mob
ility
(d
aily
and
tou
rism
)28
000.
2-0.
4 kg
/km
. Den
se lo
cal
serv
ice
netw
ork
as a
resu
lt of
eco
nom
ic e
ffici
ency
and
su
per-
effic
ient
logi
stic
s sy
stem
s, s
hift
in u
rban
in
fras
truc
ture
from
car
traf
fic
to s
mar
t mob
ility
bas
ed o
n ef
ficie
nt P
erso
nal R
apid
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
syst
ems,
ex-
pens
ive
high
-vol
ume
fast
rail
netw
ork
betw
een
aggl
om-
erat
ions
(new
but
effi
cien
tly
used
infr
astr
uctu
re).
5000
-150
00 k
m/y
r. P
eopl
e liv
e ne
ar a
nd m
ove
afte
r w
ork
in(to
) ext
rem
ely
dens
e ar
eas
of e
xcel
lenc
e, h
ealth
y m
obili
ty p
atte
rns
maj
or p
art
of d
aily
exe
rcis
e, tr
ansp
aren
t pr
icin
g bo
oste
d aw
are-
ness
and
pha
sed
out c
ar
use
in u
rban
are
as, p
rices
re
duce
trav
elin
g in
gen
eral
, bu
t man
y pe
ople
stil
l tra
vel
occa
sion
ally
, onl
y fu
ll pl
anes
an
d ot
her v
ehic
les.
2700
0.3
kg/k
m. S
mar
t and
in
divi
dual
ly c
usto
m-
ised
pub
lic tr
ansp
ort,
car-
shar
ing,
slo
w a
ir tr
avel
(e.g
. sol
ar z
ep-
pelin
s). M
aint
enan
ce
of e
xist
ing
basi
c in
fras
truc
ture
.
9000
km
/yr.
Car
-sh
arin
g, m
inim
al
com
mut
ing
(e.g
. no
mor
e of
fices
), pe
r-so
nal o
ptim
isat
ion,
di
rect
beh
avio
ral
feed
back
,virt
ual c
on-
sum
ptio
n re
duce
s tr
avel
nee
ds.
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n50
0Ex
trem
ely
effic
ient
ICT
solu
-tio
ns (s
enso
rs, c
entr
aliz
ed
com
putin
g, c
loud
farm
s),
use
of a
bund
ant i
nste
ad
of s
carc
e m
ater
ials
for I
CT,
co
mbi
natio
n of
long
evity
and
so
phis
ticat
ed re
cycl
ing.
Low
to n
o-m
ater
ial e
lite:
de
mat
eria
lisat
ion
is c
ool.
Peo
ple
inve
st in
them
selv
es.
500
Mod
ular
app
lianc
es.
Cen
tral
ized
clo
ud
farm
s, o
ptim
al lo
ca-
tion.
3D
com
pone
nt
prin
ting.
Rec
ycle
d m
ater
ials
.
Less
ICT
appl
ianc
es.
Virt
ual c
onsu
mp-
tion
redu
ces
over
all
reso
urce
use
. Sm
all
amou
nt o
f tai
lore
d pe
rson
al g
oods
. 3D
sh
oppi
ng c
ultu
re.
Leis
ure
time
300
Impr
oved
reso
urce
effi
cien
cy
of IC
T.Ed
ucat
iona
l ser
vice
s.40
0Im
prov
ed re
sour
ce
effic
ienc
y of
ICT.
Virt
ual e
nter
tain
men
t.
Oth
ers
300
200
Sum
8000
8000
In th
e S
PR
EA
D S
usta
inab
le L
ifest
yles
205
0 pr
ojec
t we
have
defi
ned
the
mat
eria
l foo
tprin
t of
a su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
le a
t 800
0kg
for
one
pers
on
per
year
. Thi
s fo
rms
the
fund
amen
tal a
ssum
p-tio
n on
whi
ch e
ach
of o
ur fo
ur d
evel
oped
and
pr
evio
usly
des
crib
ed s
cena
rios
are
built
.
The
mat
eria
l foo
tprin
t of 8
000
kg c
onsi
sts
of
hous
ehol
d go
ods,
food
and
bev
erag
es, e
very
-da
y m
obili
ty a
nd to
uris
m, e
lect
ricity
, hea
ting
and
hous
ing.
How
ever
, the
com
posi
tion
of th
e fo
ot-
prin
t is
not t
he s
ame
for e
very
one.
The
sha
re o
f ea
ch c
onsu
mpt
ion
dom
ain
in th
e an
nual
mat
eria
l fo
otpr
int o
f 800
0 kg
dep
ends
on
the
chan
ges
the
driv
ers
have
bro
ught
abo
ut.
All
four
sce
nario
s, h
owev
er, s
hare
the
follo
win
g as
sum
ptio
ns a
bout
tech
nolo
gy a
nd li
fest
yle
pa
tter
ns:
virt
ually
zer
o-em
issi
on e
lect
ricity
pro
duct
ion
radi
cal r
educ
tion
of e
nerg
y re
quire
d fo
r hea
t-in
g an
d co
olin
g of
bui
ldin
gs, b
oth
in n
ew a
nd
exis
ting
ones
decr
ease
d ne
ed fo
r mob
ility
and
radi
cally
re
duce
d le
vels
of p
rivat
e ca
r use
redu
ced
cons
umpt
ion
of m
eat
The
follo
win
g ta
ble
prov
ides
an
expl
anat
ion
on
how
eac
h sc
enar
io d
iffer
s in
term
s of
reac
hing
th
e 80
00 k
g ta
rget
in th
e di
ffere
nt li
fest
yle
do-
mai
ns.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 5
9
How
did
the
SPR
EAD
sce
nario
s re
ach
lifes
tyle
s
of 8
000
kg m
ater
ial f
ootp
rint?
Mat
eria
l Foo
tpri
nt
(kg/
pers
on/y
ear)
Loca
l Lo
ops
Cen
tral
ass
ump-
tions
on
tech
nolo
gyC
entr
al a
ssum
p-tio
ns o
n lif
esty
leE
mpa
-th
etic
C
om-
mun
i-tie
s
Cen
tral
as-
sum
ptio
ns o
n te
chno
logy
Cen
tral
ass
ump-
tions
on
lifes
tyle
Ave
rage
Eur
o-pe
an in
200
8 (L
ähte
enoj
a, S
., Le
tten
mei
er, M
., S
alo,
M. (
2008
))
Ref
eren
ce
goal
: Sus
tain
-ab
le M
ater
ial
Foot
prin
t 20
50
(Let
tenm
eier
, M.
(201
2))
Cen
tral
ass
ump-
tions
on
tech
nol-
ogy
Cen
tral
as-
sum
ptio
ns o
n lif
esty
le
Food
3300
Effic
ient
pro
duct
ion
and
plan
ts, l
ess
tran
spor
ta-
tion
Opt
imal
food
inta
ke,
use
of fo
od s
ervi
ces,
no
lefto
vers
3600
Loca
l nut
ritio
n cy
cle,
ver
y lo
w
tran
spor
t.
Suf
ficie
nt a
nd h
ealth
y lif
esty
le, o
ccas
iona
l sc
arci
ty, s
elf-
suffi
-ci
ency
.
7300
3000
Low
er re
sour
ce
inte
nsity
(9=>
5-6k
g/kg
), e.
g. le
ss w
aste
.
Low
mea
t and
da
iry(9
=>5-
6kg/
kg),
low
inta
ke
(500
-600
kg),
less
w
aste
.
Hou
sing
: bui
ldin
g13
00M
odul
ar in
fills
hel
p in
us
ing
exis
ting
infr
astr
uc-
ture
. Woo
den
cons
truc
-tio
n in
crea
ses.
Less
app
lianc
es, l
ess
room
s, le
ss li
ving
sp
ace,
mor
e sh
ared
sp
aces
out
side
the
hom
e.
1300
Res
ourc
e-sa
ving
ho
usin
g de
sign
, di
vers
e re
trofi
ttin
g of
exi
stin
g bu
ildin
gs,
long
evity
of b
uild
-in
gs, i
nfill
on y
ards
m
akes
hou
sing
de
nser
and
allo
ws
mor
e co
mm
unity
-ba
sed
livin
g.
Cle
ver h
ousi
ng d
esig
n al
low
s liv
ing
in le
ss
spac
e, d
ense
livi
ng,
new
soc
ial p
ract
ices
, co
mm
unity
spa
ce.
2400
1300
Zero
ene
rgy
and
low
re
sour
ce in
tens
ity
(long
evity
, new
ma-
teria
ls) =
>65k
g/m
2 (a
bout
201
2 in
bui
ld-
ing
reso
urce
inte
n-si
ty b
ut in
205
0 as
a
zero
ene
rgy
build
ing
incl
. ene
rgy)
.
20m
2/pe
rson
, no
built
yar
ds.
Hou
sing
: ele
tric
ity40
0B
reak
thro
ugh
in s
olar
pa
nel t
echn
olog
y, lo
cal
ener
gy s
ourc
es, n
o or
fe
w e
nerg
y ex
port
s,
diffe
rent
CO
2 an
d re
sour
ce in
tens
ities
, ef
ficie
nt n
eigh
bour
hood
-le
vel C
PH
pro
duct
ion
for
hom
e an
d w
ork.
Less
app
lianc
es, l
ess
room
s, le
ss li
ving
sp
ace.
800
Loca
l low
-tec
h so
lutio
ns, d
istr
ib-
uted
pro
duct
ion,
lo
w-t
ech
solu
tions
us
ing
win
d, s
olar
an
d re
sidu
es o
f bi
omas
s.
Sig
nific
ant v
olun
tary
re
duct
ion
in c
onsu
mp-
tion
leve
ls, l
ess
appl
i-an
ces.
3300
300
1000
kW
h 0.
3 kg
/kW
h, w
ind
and
sola
r, ef
ficie
nt a
pplia
nces
Less
app
lianc
es
thro
ugh
smal
ler
room
spa
ce.
Mob
ility
(d
aily
and
tou
rism
)15
000,
25 k
g/km
. Cyc
ling
rout
es, r
educ
ed tr
avel
-lin
g m
eans
that
old
ra
ilroa
d an
d sh
ip s
tock
an
d in
fras
truc
ture
are
st
ill s
uffic
ient
and
in u
se.
6000
km
/yr.
No
need
to
go fa
r, re
gion
al h
olid
ay,
high
recr
eatio
nal v
alue
of
loca
l bio
dive
rsity
re-
serv
es. H
ome
deliv
ery
of e
very
thin
g. W
ork
and
hom
e in
the
sam
e pl
ace.
Jou
rney
man
, tr
avel
onc
e in
you
r lif
etim
e.
1200
0.3
kg/k
m. L
ess
road
spa
ce, s
tree
ts
conv
erte
d to
food
pr
oduc
tion
lane
s.
4000
km
/yr.
Min
imal
m
obili
ty a
nd tr
avel
ing,
w
alki
ng, c
yclin
g. V
il-la
ge in
fill,
from
spr
awl
to fa
rm v
illag
e.
1100
020
000.
2kg/
km (1
,5-2
m
ore
effic
ient
than
pr
esen
t bik
e, b
us,
loca
l rai
l, bo
at,
fligh
t).
10,0
00 k
m/y
r, no
ca
r use
.
Pro
duct
co
nsum
ptio
n40
0Lo
cal m
aint
enan
ce,
reus
e an
d re
cycl
ing
serv
ices
. Lon
gevi
ty a
nd
user
-cen
tric
tailo
ring
of
prod
ucts
. Lig
ht IC
T.
Ser
vice
s re
plac
e ow
n-in
g. L
ess
good
s at
ho
me.
500
Occ
asio
nal a
vail-
abili
ty o
f im
port
ed
good
s. D
o it
your
-se
lf. R
egio
nal m
anu-
fact
urin
g.
A s
mal
ler n
umbe
r of
prod
uct (
grou
p)s
in
use.
Col
lect
ive
hous
e-ho
ld a
ctiv
ities
, sha
red
owne
rshi
p.
2600
500
12 p
rodu
ct g
roup
s 42
kg/
a, in
drea
sing
lo
ngev
ity, d
ecre
asin
g m
ater
ial i
nten
sity
.
Dec
reas
ing
own-
ersh
ip, i
ncre
asin
g sh
arin
g op
tions
, re
use,
sec
ond
hand
.
Leis
ure
time
400
Den
se u
rban
str
uctu
re.
Ser
vice
s w
idel
y us
ed.
300
Col
lect
ive
leis
ure
time
activ
ities
.15
0040
0
Oth
ers
700
300
900
500
Sum
8000
8000
2900
080
00
60 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Ann
ex A
:
SPR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
-st
yles
205
0 D
elph
i sur
vey
Que
stio
nnai
res
1st r
ound
of t
he D
elph
i suv
eyA
) ME
GAT
RE
ND
SH
ow re
leva
nt is
the
meg
atre
nd?
Wha
t kin
d of
impa
ct d
o yo
u se
e th
is tr
end
has
on s
usta
inab
le
lifes
tyle
s in
Eur
ope?
1.
Glo
bal p
opul
atio
n gr
owth
2.
Urb
anis
atio
n3.
C
limat
e ch
ange
4.
Incr
easi
ng re
sour
ce c
onst
rain
ts5.
T
echn
olog
ical
inno
vatio
n6.
A
ging
pop
ulat
ion
7.
Incr
ease
of m
enta
l and
phy
sica
l illn
ess
in E
urop
e8.
R
isin
g re
sour
ce a
nd e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
n le
vels
9.
‘B
eyon
d G
PD
/eco
nom
ic g
row
th’ t
hink
ing
B) B
EH
AV
IOR
CH
AN
GE
Ple
ase
asse
ss th
e pr
obab
ility
, im
port
ance
and
des
irabi
lity
of th
e fo
llow
ing
stat
emen
ts a
nd o
ffer a
rgum
ents
sup
port
ing
your
vie
ws.
10. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 on
e th
ird o
f ove
r 65-
year
-old
s liv
es in
a
co-o
pera
tive
com
mun
ity.
Sen
ior c
itize
ns fo
rm c
omm
uniti
es w
hich
com
bine
co-
hous
ing,
se
rvic
e pr
oduc
tion
and
co-o
pera
tive
busi
ness
. The
se c
omm
uni-
ties
have
gat
here
d se
nior
peo
ple
to in
habi
t tow
ns a
nd v
illag
es
whi
le re
duci
ng li
ving
in s
ingl
e-fa
mily
hou
ses.
Co-
oper
ativ
e bu
si-
ness
es a
re a
rele
vant
sou
rce
of in
com
e fo
r agi
ng p
eopl
e an
d ha
r-ne
ss th
e va
st s
kills
of e
xper
ienc
ed p
eopl
e w
hile
allo
win
g w
orki
ng
at a
pac
e su
itabl
e fo
r ind
ivid
ual c
apac
ities
.
11. Q
UES
TIO
N: W
hat a
re th
e av
erag
e pr
opor
tions
of i
ncom
e sp
ent t
o ho
usin
g, tr
ansp
ort a
nd fo
od in
205
0?to
hou
sing
, ele
ctric
ity a
nd g
as in
205
0to
tran
spor
tatio
n in
205
0to
food
and
non
-alc
ohol
ic b
ever
ages
in 2
050
12. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 th
e pr
opor
tion
of p
eopl
e in
Eur
ope
who
re
cogn
ise
need
s an
d m
otiv
es o
utsi
de th
eir i
mm
edia
te s
elf h
as
risen
from
app
roxi
mat
ely
25 %
in 2
010
to 5
5 %
.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
valu
e su
rvey
s, p
eopl
e w
ho ta
ke e
nviro
nmen
t in
to a
ccou
nt in
thei
r eve
ryda
y ch
oice
s, r
epre
sent
ver
y of
ten
“uni
vers
alis
t” v
alue
pos
ition
s. (S
ee fo
r exa
mpl
e Th
eory
of b
asic
hu
man
val
ues
by p
rof.
Sho
lom
Sch
war
tz)
13. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 Eu
rope
ans
eat a
mea
l con
tain
ing
mea
t on
ave
rage
twic
e a
wee
k. 14
. STA
TEM
ENT:
In 2
050
num
ber o
f goo
ds o
wne
d by
an
aver
age
Euro
pean
is a
roun
d 1
000.
C) C
ITIE
S A
ND
EN
AB
LIN
G IN
FRA
STR
UC
TUR
ES
P
leas
e as
sess
the
prob
abili
ty, i
mpo
rtan
ce a
nd d
esira
bilit
y of
the
follo
win
g st
atem
ents
and
offe
r arg
umen
ts s
uppo
rtin
g yo
ur v
iew
s.
15. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 90
% o
f Eur
opea
ns li
ve in
a p
lace
whe
re
they
can
reac
h w
ork,
dai
ly s
ervi
ces,
div
erse
leis
ure
activ
ities
and
gr
een
spac
es b
y w
alki
ng in
10
min
utes
.
16. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 th
e av
erag
e ho
usin
g sp
ace
per p
erso
n in
Eur
ope
has
decr
ease
d fro
m th
e le
vel o
f 201
1 by
a th
ird.
17. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
ajor
ity o
f big
citi
es in
Eur
ope
are
self-
suffi
cien
t in
term
s of
ene
rgy
from
loca
l ren
ewab
le s
ourc
es.
18. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
any
of th
e su
burb
s bu
ilt in
the
latt
er
half
of th
e 20
th c
entu
ry in
Eur
opea
n ci
ties
have
turn
ed to
be
the
mos
t sou
ght-
afte
r and
ene
rgy
effic
ient
nei
ghbo
urho
ods.
D) P
OLI
TIC
S A
ND
PU
BLI
C L
IFE
Ple
ase
asse
ss th
e pr
obab
ility
, im
port
ance
and
des
irabi
lity
of th
e fo
llow
ing
stat
emen
ts a
nd o
ffer a
rgum
ents
sup
port
ing
your
vie
ws.
19. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 su
ppor
ting
peop
le li
ving
in a
reas
con
-st
antly
suf
ferin
g fro
m c
limat
e ch
ange
-rel
ated
ext
rem
e w
eath
er
cond
ition
s (e
xten
ded
heat
wav
es, s
torm
s, fl
oodi
ngs)
is o
ne o
f the
pr
iorit
ies
in th
e Eu
rope
an s
ocia
l pol
icy.
This
kin
d of
vul
nera
bilit
y ha
s em
erge
d as
one
of t
he b
igge
st
sour
ces
of in
equa
lity.
Pol
icy
mea
sure
s he
lp p
eopl
e to
mov
e to
le
ss v
ulne
rabl
e ar
eas,
to re
furb
ish
hom
es to
sus
tain
ext
rem
e w
eath
er c
ondi
tions
and
to p
rote
ct th
emse
lves
from
new
ly s
prea
d di
seas
es.
20. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 in
habi
tant
s of
Eur
opea
n ci
ties
spen
d an
nual
ly s
ever
al d
ays
cont
ribut
ing
to u
rban
pla
nnin
g pr
oces
ses
shap
ing
thei
r ow
n ne
ighb
ourh
ood.
21. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 gl
obal
com
pact
s de
finin
g pe
rson
al q
uo-
tas
for G
HG
em
issi
ons
and
natu
ral r
esou
rce
usag
e ar
e in
pla
ce
and
have
a g
reat
impa
ct o
n co
nsum
ptio
n pa
tter
ns a
nd p
ublic
in
vest
men
ts.
22. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 ro
ad to
ll is
col
lect
ed fr
om a
ll ro
ad tr
affic
in
EU
cou
ntrie
s, b
oth
with
in a
nd o
utsi
de c
ities
.
23. S
TATE
MEN
T: D
evel
opin
g su
stai
nabl
e en
ergy
, tra
nspo
rt, c
om-
mun
icat
ion
and
urba
n in
fras
truc
ture
has
requ
ired
long
-ter
m p
ub-
lic in
vest
men
ts 2
012-
2050
that
are
man
yfol
ded
com
pare
d to
e.g
. Th
e st
imul
us p
acka
ges
laun
ched
by
man
y na
tions
in 2
009-
2010
.
24. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 G
DP
has
bee
n re
plac
ed b
y ot
her i
ndi-
cato
rs m
easu
ring
such
phe
nom
ena
as h
appi
ness
, env
ironm
enta
l st
ress
and
soc
ial e
quity
.
E) B
US
INES
S S
UP
PO
RTI
NG
SU
STA
INA
BLE
LIF
ESTY
LES
P
leas
e as
sess
the
prob
abili
ty, i
mpo
rtan
ce a
nd d
esira
bilit
y of
the
follo
win
g st
atem
ents
and
offe
r arg
umen
ts s
uppo
rtin
g yo
ur v
iew
s.
25. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 th
e fo
od a
nd re
tail
indu
stry
sup
port
s cu
stom
ers
in m
akin
g he
alth
y an
d su
stai
nabl
e ch
oice
s an
d ha
s ag
reed
on
self-
regu
latio
n th
at li
mits
mar
ketin
g an
d pr
icin
g of
ite
ms
such
as
cand
ies,
pot
ato
snac
ks a
nd s
oft d
rinks
.
26. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 th
e m
ajor
ity o
f Eur
opea
n bu
sine
sses
se
lling
con
sum
er g
oods
(clo
thin
g, h
ome
appl
ianc
es) g
ain
sign
ifi-
cant
pro
port
ion
of th
eir r
even
ue fr
om m
aint
enan
ce, r
epai
r, re
-use
, al
tera
tions
and
upg
radi
ng.
27. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 90
% o
f car
s in
Eur
ope
are
owne
d by
m
obili
ty s
ervi
ce c
ompa
nies
or c
o-op
erat
ives
.
28. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 a
typi
cal v
isito
r of h
ealth
car
e se
rvic
es
(bot
h pu
blic
and
priv
ate)
is n
ot il
l but
look
ing
for p
reve
ntiv
e se
rvic
es.
2nd
Rou
nd o
f the
Del
phi s
urve
y
A) C
ON
SU
MP
TIO
N P
ATTE
RN
SP
leas
e as
sess
the
prob
abili
ty, i
mpo
rtan
ce a
nd d
esira
bilit
y of
the
follo
win
g st
atem
ents
and
offe
r arg
umen
ts s
uppo
rtin
g yo
ur v
iew
s.
1. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 3D
prin
ting
has
expa
nded
eno
rmou
sly
self-
expr
essi
onis
t cap
acity
of p
eopl
e co
mpa
red
to c
urre
nt m
ass
cons
umpt
ion.
2. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 pe
ople
buy
mos
t of t
he g
oods
and
se
rvic
es n
eede
d in
dai
ly li
fe fr
om th
eir p
eers
with
in th
e sa
me
reco
gnis
ed g
roup
.
3. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 pe
ople
use
ove
r 25%
of t
heir
time
awak
e co
llabo
ratin
g w
ith th
eir n
eigh
bour
s an
d pe
ers
in o
rder
to p
rovi
de
food
and
oth
er b
asic
goo
ds n
eede
d.
4. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
ajor
ity o
f too
ls a
nd s
ervi
ces
that
are
to
day
unde
rsto
od a
s pr
ivat
ely
owne
d pr
oper
ty a
re in
sha
red
use
with
in th
e co
mm
unity
.
5. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
ost o
f the
peo
ple
build
thei
r per
sona
l st
atus
thro
ugh
cons
umpt
ion
choi
ces
and
ther
efor
e sa
crifi
ce lo
ts
of p
erso
nal r
esou
rces
in o
rder
to m
ake
qual
ified
dec
isio
ns.
6. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 in
divi
dual
s co
nsum
ptio
n ch
oice
s ar
e ba
sed
on re
sour
ce b
udge
t car
ds. T
hese
car
ds a
re s
hopp
ing
lists
th
at y
ou u
se to
pla
n an
d al
loca
te y
our p
erso
nal n
atur
al re
sour
ce
budg
et.
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 6
1
7. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
ost o
f the
thin
gs th
at w
ould
’ve
been
bo
ught
as
prod
ucts
in 2
012
are
boug
ht a
s se
rvic
es.
Toda
y co
nsum
ptio
n ch
oice
s ca
use
stre
ss to
man
y pe
ople
be-
caus
e of
info
rmat
ion
over
flow
and
com
plex
ity o
f alte
rnat
ives
.
8. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 co
nsum
er c
ultu
res
are
extr
emel
y lo
cal
and
thus
diff
eren
t pen
ding
whe
re y
ou a
re in
the
wor
ld.
B) E
CO
NO
MIC
STR
UC
TUR
ES
Ple
ase
asse
ss th
e pr
obab
ility
, im
port
ance
and
des
irabi
lity
of th
e fo
llow
ing
stat
emen
ts a
nd o
ffer a
rgum
ents
sup
port
ing
your
vie
ws.
1. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
ajor
ity o
f peo
ple
have
mul
tiple
ski
lls
they
use
as
a so
urce
of i
ncom
e an
d th
ey tr
ade
serv
ices
bas
ed o
n th
eir s
kills
with
thei
r pee
rs.
2. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 th
ere
two
leve
ls o
f tra
nsac
tion
syst
ems:
gl
obal
one
ope
ratin
g w
ith g
loba
l cur
renc
y an
d m
any
loca
l one
s th
at a
re n
on-m
onet
ery
by n
atur
e. M
ajor
ity o
f peo
ple
take
par
t in
bot
h of
thes
e sy
stem
s bu
t it i
s po
ssib
le to
live
onl
y as
par
t of
loca
l eco
nom
y.
3. S
TATE
MEN
T : I
n 20
50 g
loba
l res
ourc
e sc
arci
ty a
nd in
stab
ility
of
fina
ncia
l sys
tem
s ha
ve fo
rced
gov
ernm
ents
to fo
rfei
t eco
nom
ic
grow
th a
s an
indi
cato
r of d
evel
opm
ent f
or th
e so
ciet
y.In
the
first
roun
d of
SP
REA
D 2
050
Del
phi s
urve
y 92
% o
f the
re
spon
dent
s ev
alua
ted
the
desi
rabi
lity
of a
situ
atio
n w
here
by
2050
GD
P h
as b
een
repl
aced
by
othe
r ind
icat
ors
with
num
bers
5
or 6
(in
a sc
ale
of 1
-6).
4. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 te
chno
logy
has
dev
elop
ed in
a w
ay
that
bas
ic n
eces
sitie
s fo
r eve
ryon
e ar
e pr
ovid
ed th
roug
h lo
cal
prod
uctio
n w
ithou
t im
port
s.
5. S
TATE
MEN
T: B
y 20
50 m
any
trad
ition
al a
nd re
sour
ce in
ten-
sive
, but
tech
nolo
gica
lly a
nd e
colo
gica
lly o
utda
ted
prod
uctio
n pr
oces
ses
have
dis
appe
ared
thro
ugh
cutt
ing
subs
idie
s an
d in
tern
aliz
ing
ecol
ogic
al c
osts
in p
rices
.
6. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 th
e m
ost v
alua
ble
and
high
ly s
ough
t af
ter r
esou
rces
are
in w
hat n
ow u
nder
stoo
d as
was
te. E
g. g
loba
l co
mpa
nies
com
pete
in w
ho c
an c
lear
the
Gre
at P
acifi
c G
arba
ge
Pat
ch fi
rst a
nd m
ake
best
use
of i
t.
7. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 lo
cal e
cono
mie
s ar
e hy
per e
ffect
ive
in
term
s of
use
of n
atur
al a
nd h
uman
reso
urce
s be
caus
e of
loca
lly
adap
ted
tech
nolo
gies
and
sm
art d
ivis
ion
of la
bor b
etw
een
diffe
r-en
t exp
ertis
es.
C) S
OC
IAL
BO
ND
SP
leas
e as
sess
the
prob
abili
ty, i
mpo
rtan
ce a
nd d
esira
bilit
y of
the
follo
win
g st
atem
ents
and
offe
r arg
umen
ts s
uppo
rtin
g yo
ur v
iew
s.
1. S
TATE
MEN
T : I
n 20
50 s
ocie
ties
are
hype
r-ba
lkan
ized
. Thi
s m
eans
that
mos
t of p
eopl
e in
tera
ct v
ery
little
with
peo
ple
outs
ide
thei
r ow
n so
cial
bub
ble.
The
se b
ubbl
es a
re fo
rmed
of s
ame
con-
sum
ptio
n pa
tter
ns, a
reas
of l
ivin
g, w
ork
plac
es a
nd h
obbi
es.
2. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 lo
cal p
rodu
ctio
n of
ene
rgy
and
food
hav
e dr
iven
peo
ple
to c
olla
bora
te w
ith th
eir n
eigh
bour
s on
dai
ly b
asis
.
3. S
TATE
MEN
T: I
n 20
50 th
e ex
trem
e sc
arci
ty o
f res
ourc
es h
as
driv
en p
eopl
e to
mai
ntai
n an
d bu
ild tr
ust a
nd re
puta
tion
with
thei
r m
ost i
mm
edia
te s
ocia
l gro
up.
4. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
ost a
dults
hav
e a
pers
onal
teac
her
or m
ento
r the
y m
eet a
t lea
st o
nce
a w
eek.
The
se te
ache
rs h
elp
peop
le to
mai
ntai
n th
eir p
hysi
cal,
psyc
holo
gica
l and
pro
fess
iona
l co
mpe
titiv
e ed
ge.
5. S
TATE
MEN
T : I
n 20
50 p
eopl
e fo
rm g
uild
s w
ith th
eir p
rofe
s-si
onal
pee
rs. G
uild
s ar
e hi
ghly
impo
rtan
t in
mai
ntai
ning
pro
fes-
sion
al s
kills
, pro
vidi
ng s
ocia
l sec
urity
and
impr
ovin
g in
divi
dual
lif
esty
les.
D) P
OLI
TIC
AL
DE
CIS
ION
MA
KIN
GP
leas
e as
sess
the
prob
abili
ty, i
mpo
rtan
ce a
nd d
esira
bilit
y of
the
follo
win
g st
atem
ents
and
offe
r arg
umen
ts s
uppo
rtin
g yo
ur v
iew
s.
1. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 pa
rliam
ents
and
oth
er re
pres
enta
tive
stru
ctur
es o
f dem
ocra
cy e
xist
but
issu
e ba
sed
inte
rest
gro
ups
have
repl
aced
pol
itica
l par
ties
as m
ain
polit
ical
act
ors.
2. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 th
ere’
s a
glob
al re
sear
ch a
nd k
now
ledg
e ba
nk th
at fo
rms
stan
dard
s fo
r all
natio
nal a
nd lo
cal l
evel
pol
itica
l de
cisi
on m
akin
g. It
gua
rant
ees
scie
ntifi
c ba
sis
for a
ll go
vern
men
t ac
tion
and
can
be u
sed
to v
eto
any
deci
sion
that
is e
cono
mic
ally
, ec
olog
ical
ly o
r soc
ially
irre
spon
sibl
e.
3. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 pe
ople
in e
lect
ions
vot
e fir
st o
n th
e sp
ecifi
c ag
enda
at h
and
for t
he c
omin
g te
rm a
nd th
en e
lect
the
repr
esen
tativ
es to
put
that
age
nda
and
goal
s fo
rwar
d.
4. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 na
tiona
l dec
isio
n m
akin
g do
esn’
t exi
st
any
mor
e. It
has
bee
n re
plac
ed b
y to
wn
base
d co
unci
ls th
at h
ave
agre
ed to
mee
t cer
tain
glo
bal s
tand
ards
.
5. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 te
chno
logy
has
mad
e al
l inf
orm
atio
n ac
cess
ible
. Thi
s ha
s le
ad p
eopl
e to
thin
k tr
ansp
aren
cy a
s a
norm
in
all
wal
ks o
f life
, inc
ludi
ng p
oliti
cs, b
usin
ess
as w
ell a
s pe
rson
al
life.
6. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 C
hina
has
acq
uire
d co
ntro
l of m
ost o
f th
e fo
und
stra
tegi
c na
tura
l res
ourc
es. T
his
has
lead
to s
ituat
ion
whe
re E
urop
ean
coun
trie
s ha
ve to
regu
late
reso
urce
str
eam
s an
d us
e. H
eavy
taxa
tion
is u
sed
to c
ontr
ol p
rivat
e us
e.
7. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 po
litic
s is
exp
ert d
riven
. Exp
ert g
roup
s de
fine
guid
elin
es a
nd b
ound
ary
cond
ition
s lo
cally
for s
uch
is-
sues
as
natu
ral r
esou
rce
usag
e an
d he
alth
than
are
bas
ed o
n ev
iden
ce.
8. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 ci
ties
have
inve
sted
hea
vily
in th
e pa
st
30 y
ears
to s
afeg
uard
gua
rant
eed
ener
gy a
nd fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n an
d re
sour
ce-e
ffici
ent i
nfra
stru
ctur
e re
gard
ing
eg. m
obili
ty a
nd
hous
ing.
In th
e pr
evio
us ro
und
of th
e S
PR
EAD
205
0 D
elph
i, tw
o
third
s of
the
answ
ers
high
light
ed th
e im
port
ance
and
pro
babi
lity
of m
ore
publ
ic in
vest
men
ts in
ena
blin
g su
stai
nabl
e lif
esty
les.
9. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 W
orld
Par
liam
ent c
ontr
ols
polic
ies
on
natu
ral r
esou
rces
. Env
ironm
enta
l tax
atio
n an
d m
arke
t mec
ha-
nism
s ar
e de
fined
glo
bally
.
E) E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TS O
F LI
VIN
G A
ND
EN
AB
LIN
G IN
FRA
-S
TRU
CTU
RE
S
Ple
ase
asse
ss th
e pr
obab
ility
, im
port
ance
and
des
irabi
lity
of th
e fo
llow
ing
stat
emen
ts a
nd o
ffer a
rgum
ents
sup
port
ing
your
vie
ws.
1. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
ajor
ity o
f inv
estm
ents
pre
viou
sly
mad
e to
impr
ove
phys
ical
infr
astr
uctu
re in
citi
es a
re n
ow m
ade
with
in
virt
ual r
ealm
.
2. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 tr
aditi
onal
urb
an p
lann
ing
offe
rs m
erel
y in
fras
truc
ture
fram
ewor
k fo
r inh
abita
nts
to s
hape
thei
r sur
roun
d-in
gs th
roug
h co
llect
ive
actio
n.
3. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 m
ost o
f the
recr
eatio
nal a
nd h
ouse
hold
ac
tiviti
es a
re p
erfo
rmed
in th
e pu
blic
and
sha
red
spac
es in
stea
d of
priv
ate
ones
.
4. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 pe
ople
app
reci
ate
flexi
bilit
y an
d fu
nc-
tiona
lity
of h
omes
ove
r lar
ge li
ving
spa
ces.
5. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 sm
art t
echn
olog
ies
(mob
ility
, ene
rgy
us-
age,
recy
clin
g an
d ot
her l
ogis
tics
inte
rcon
nect
ed th
roug
h hi
ghly
ce
ntra
lized
con
trol
) hel
p pe
ople
to a
dopt
sus
tain
able
life
styl
e pa
tter
ns w
ithou
t ext
ra e
ffort
.
6. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 pr
actic
ally
all
of th
e un
built
spa
ce in
cit-
ies
is in
farm
ing
use.
7. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 in
man
y Eu
rope
an c
ities
, peo
ple
who
be
long
to p
rofe
ssio
nal g
uild
s liv
e in
the
sam
e ne
ighb
ourh
oods
.
8. S
TATE
MEN
T: In
205
0 th
e em
erge
nce
of a
dapt
ive,
dig
italiz
ed
and
loca
l ser
vice
eco
nom
y ha
s de
crea
sed
the
need
for m
obili
ty.
62 | S
PR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
List
of I
nvite
d ex
pert
sYa
smin
e A
bbas
Olu
bam
idel
e A
deye
mo
Pid
gin
Per
fect
Nik
Bae
rten
P
anto
pico
nM
erve
Bed
irD
elft
Uni
vers
ity o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
Gun
illa
Blo
mqv
ist
Sw
edis
h M
inis
try
of th
e En
viro
nmen
tN
aom
i Raj
a B
oean
Mod
elM
inds
/You
thfo
odm
ovem
ent/
Kno
wm
ads
Lena
Bra
ndt
Lena
Bra
ndt
Pro
dukt
/Mar
ke/K
omm
unik
atio
nC
lare
Bra
ssR
oyal
Col
lege
of A
rt a
nd S
EED
Fou
ndat
ion
Jani
s B
rizg
aG
reen
Lib
erty
/Lat
via
and
AN
PED
John
Cha
ngS
kype
Ann
a H
ult
KTH
& C
ITIE
SM
ikel
Insa
usti
Art
eaga
Fou
ndat
ion
(Kut
xa E
kogu
nea)
Jule
Jen
ckel
358
Fran
çois
Jég
ouS
trat
egic
Des
ign
Sce
nario
sLi
isa
Kar
ttun
enB
onni
erJo
hann
es K
opon
enFo
rum
Viri
um H
elsi
nki
Juha
Kop
onen
Net
cycl
er O
yK
ai K
uikk
anie
mi
HIIT
Tobi
as L
eena
erts
EVA
vzw
Mic
hael
Let
tenm
eier
D-m
atJo
hn M
anoo
cheh
riR
esou
rce
Visi
onP
aul M
etz
Pla
tform
Sus
tain
able
& S
olid
ary
Econ
omy
Veer
a M
usto
nen
Ski
llsH
elsi
nki o
yM
aria
ana
Nel
imar
kka
Free
lanc
e jo
urna
list
Juss
i Nik
ula
WW
F Fi
nlan
dN
ikos
Pal
avits
inis
Agr
o-K
now
Tec
hnol
ogie
sS
ini P
unta
nen
Finn
ish
Tran
spor
t Age
ncy
Flor
ence
Riz
zoC
IDEL
Art
o S
ivon
enM
ånda
gD
raga
na S
tojk
ovic
Inde
pend
ent r
esea
rche
rS
ebas
tian
Str
aube
Inst
ytut
Odp
owie
dzia
lneg
o B
izne
s
Vict
oria
W. T
hore
sen
PER
L, H
edm
ark
Uni
vers
ity C
olle
geS
haw
n W
estc
ott
SS
D A
dvis
ers
Isab
el W
etze
lLS
EVe
nla
Virk
amäk
iFi
nnis
h A
ssoc
iatio
n fo
r Nat
ure
Con
serv
atio
n
List
of p
artic
ipat
ing
SP
RE
AD
Pro
ject
par
tner
s an
d ad
viso
rsA
na A
lcan
tud
Ecoi
nstit
ut B
arce
lona
Ines
Bie
derm
ann
Hen
kel A
G &
Co
KG
aAN
ora
Brü
ggem
ann
CS
CP
Cri
stin
a C
hiot
anEu
roH
ealth
Net
Mar
ta C
orub
olo
PO
LIM
IÉ
va C
sobo
dR
ECE
ngin
Guv
enc
BC
SD
Tur
key
Elin
a H
eiki
nhei
mo
Dem
os H
elsi
nki
Che
ryl H
icks
CS
CP
Sin
i Hir
vone
nD
emos
Hel
sink
iTu
uli K
aski
nen
Dem
os H
elsi
nki
Tom
mi K
aupp
inen
Dem
os H
elsi
nki
Out
i Kui
ttin
enD
emos
Hel
sink
iK
aisa
Kär
kiD
emos
Hel
sink
iJu
ha L
eppä
nen
Dem
os H
elsi
nki
Sat
u Lä
htee
noja
Dem
os H
elsi
nki
Ann
a M
eron
iP
OLI
MI
Roo
pe M
okka
Dem
os H
elsi
nki
Oks
ana
Mon
tU
LUN
DA
leks
i Neu
vone
nD
emos
Hel
sink
iH
arri
Pal
ohei
mo
Nok
iaM
ia P
auko
vic
ECN
Kur
t P
elem
an
Ash
oka
Leid
a R
ijnho
utA
NP
EDM
aria
Rito
laD
emos
Hel
sink
iK
im-P
atri
ck S
abla
Uni
vers
ity o
f Vec
hta
Bet
tina
Sch
aefe
rEc
oins
titut
Bar
celo
naK
oen
Str
aver
ECN
Ott
ó S
zabó
REC
Pét
er S
zupp
inge
rR
ECS
imo
Vass
inen
Dem
os H
elsi
nki
Ann
ex B
:
SPR
EAD
Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050
Cou
ntin
g B
ackw
ards
Wor
ksho
p
(Tuu
sula
, Fin
land
23–
25 N
ovem
ber 2
011)
Sce
nario
s fo
r Sus
tain
able
Life
styl
es 2
050:
Fro
m G
loba
l Cha
mpi
ons
to L
ocal
Loo
ps | 6
3
Ref
eren
ces
IEA
(201
0) “
Ener
gy te
chno
logi
es P
ersp
ectiv
es
2010
: Sce
nario
s an
d st
rate
gies
to 2
050.
” In
tern
atio
nal E
nerg
y A
genc
y, P
aris
.
EEA
(201
0a) “
The
Euro
pean
env
ironm
ent –
sta
te
and
outlo
ok 2
010:
syn
thes
is.”
Eu
rope
an E
nviro
nmen
t Age
ncy,
Cop
enha
gen.
Lett
enm
eier
, M. (
2012
) “S
usta
inab
le m
ater
ial
foot
prin
t 205
0.”
Pre
sent
atio
n at
the
Fact
or X
N
etw
ork
Mee
ting
13.-
14.2
.201
2 in
Ber
lin. D
-mat
, Fi
nlan
d.
Läht
eeno
ja, S
., Le
tten
mei
er, M
. & S
alo,
M.
(200
8) “
The
ecol
ogic
al b
ackp
ack:
ver
satil
e in
dica
-to
r for
sus
tain
able
con
sum
ptio
n.”
Pre
sent
atio
n at
the
Con
-Acc
ount
Con
fere
nce,
11.
–12.
9.20
09,
Cha
rles
Uni
vers
ity, P
ragu
e.
Roc
kstr
öm J
. et a
l. (2
011)
“P
lane
tary
bou
ndar
ies:
Ex
plor
ing
the
safe
ope
ratin
g sp
ace
for h
uman
ity.”
ht
tp://
ww
w.s
tock
holm
resi
lienc
e.or
g/do
wnl
oad/
18.8
615c
7812
5078
c8d3
3800
0219
7/ES
-200
9-31
80.
Tukk
er, H
., et
al.
(200
6) “
Envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
of
prod
ucts
(EIP
RO
): A
naly
sis
of th
e lif
e cy
cle
envi
-ro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
rela
ted
to th
e fin
al c
onsu
mp-
tion
of th
e EU
-25.
” JR
C/IP
TS/ E
STO
: 139
, Sev
ille.
UN
DP
(201
1) “
Fore
cast
ing
the
impa
cts
of e
nvi-
ronm
enta
l con
stra
ints
on
hum
an d
evel
opm
ent.”
ht
tp://
hdr.u
ndp.
org/
en/r
epor
ts/g
loba
l/hdr
2011
/pa
pers
/HD
RP
_201
1_08
Wei
dem
a, B
., et
al.
(200
8) “
Envi
ronm
enta
l im
-pr
ovem
ent p
oten
tials
of m
eat a
nd d
airy
pro
d-uc
ts.”
P. E
der &
L. D
elga
do (E
ds.),
htt
p://
ww
w.
saip
latfo
rm.o
rg/u
ploa
ds/L
ibra
ry/E
nviro
nmen
talIm
-pr
ovem
ents
Pot
entia
lsof
Mea
tand
Dai
ryP
rodu
cts.
WH
O (2
011)
“O
besi
ty a
nd o
verw
eigh
t.” F
act
shee
t N°3
11, u
pdat
ed M
arch
201
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