PERFORMANCE TEST ON MULTI FUEL SINGLE CYLINDER SI ENGINE

ROBIN ROY (721412114068)ALEX N MATHEW (721412114301)ATHUL PREMNATH (721412114304)SHAJAHAN A P (721412114327)

Guide Name: Mr. A. NANDAGOPAL

ABSTRACT 

Internal combustion engine are the most preferred prime mover across the world. Spark ignition engine is preferred locomotive prime mover due to its smooth operation and low maintains. The gasoline is fossil fuel which is limited in reservoirs causes varieties of study in search of alternative fuel for SI engine, where alcohol promises best alternative fuel. In this paper study of three alcohols are tried to investigate and comparative study of methanol, ethanol and butanol

In this experimental investigation was conducted to determine the emission characteristics of higher alcohols and gasoline blends. The effect of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline blended with 20% of methanol, ethanol and butanol.

It works well in the existing design of engine and parameters at

which engines are operating. The performance and exhaust emissions of a

spark-ignition engine were experimentally investigated. The engine tests were

per- formed by Performance test or Load test (Rope type) using Rope brake

dynamometers

The result showed that blending unleaded gasoline with additives

increases the brake power, indicated and brake thermal efficiencies, fuel

consumption and mechanical efficiency.

EXPERIMENTAL COMPONENTS AND ELEMENTS

EXPERIMENTAL FUELS

In this paper study of gasoline and three alcohols,Petrol or Gasoline, Ethanol, Methanol and Butanol

Engine performance and exhaust emission are determined using different blend ratios:Unleaded gasoline(Unleaded Petrol)Ethanol 20 [20% Ethanol + 80% Unleaded gasoline]Methanol 20 [20% Methanol + 80% Unleaded gasoline]Butanol 20 [20% Butanol + 80% Unleaded gasoline] 

COMPONENTS

ROPE BRAKE DYNAMOMETER

FOUR-STROKE, SINGLE CYLINDER SI ENGINEFOUR-STROKE, SINGLE CYLINDER SI ENGINE

SPECIFICATION OF ENGINECompany

Model

Type

Displacement

Bore

Stroke

Compression ratio

Rated power

Rated torque

Number of cylinder

Number of stroke

Ignition Mode

Transmission

Type of cooling

Lubrication

Starting system

Hero Honda

CD 100

4 Stroke SI Engine

97.2 cc

50mm

49.5mm

8.8:1

7.5 bhp @ 8000 rpm

0.73 @ 5000 rpm

Single

4

Spark plug

4 speed constant mesh

Air Cooling

Wet sump, Forced

Kick start

SPECIFICATION OF FUELS

PROPERTIES

GASOLINE

ETHANOL

METHANOL

BUTANOL

Chemical formula

C8H18

C42H5OH

CH3OH

C4H9OH

Gross Calorific Value (GCV) kJ/kg

47300

29700

23000

32500

Flash point (°C)

−43 °C

16.6 °C

11 to 12 °C

35 °C

Density (kg/m³ )

719.7

789

792

810

Freezing point (0C)

-60°C

-80.0 °C

-97.778 °C

-89°C

Boiling temperature (°C )

35 °C

74.4 °C

64.9°C

117.7 °C

Auto-ignition temperature(°C )

247–280 °C

422.778°C

463.889°C

343 °C

Specific Gravity (SG)

0.713

0.787

0.791

0.812

air/fuel ratio (AFR)

14.7:1

9.0 :1

6.47 :1

11.1:1

Apparatuses used in the present study were an engine, a dynamometer and an exhaust analyzer.

In the experimental construction, a 100 cc 4 strokes, single cylinder SI engine fixed properly with a metal frame and the multi fuel consuming system is arranged by the top of the engine.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

The fuel consumption was measured by using a calibrated burette and a stopwatch with an accuracy.

The engine is loaded with a rope type weight loaded dynamometer by the chain drive mechanism.

• The engine was started and allowed to warm up for a period of 15-20 min.

• The fuel consumption was constant at 10 cc for each performance.

• Engine test were performed by constant speed and varying the loading condition for each individual fuel.

• A series of experiments were carried out using gasoline, and various ethanol, methanol and butanol blends.

• Before running the engine to a new fuel blend, it was allowed to run for sufficient time to consume the remaining fuel from the previous experiment.

• For each experiment, four runs were performed to obtain an average value of the experimental data.

WORKING DETAILS

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

TESTING PROCEDURE

• A series of experiments were carried out using gasoline, and various ethanol, methanol and butanol blends.

• Before running the engine with a new fuel blend, it was allowed to run for sufficient time to consume the remaining fuel from the previous experiment.

• Check the fuel supply to engine, lubrication oil level in the oil pump, water circulation in the cooling system, etc.

• Start the engine and ensure no load condition on the brake drum.

• Allow the engine to stabilize before loading.• Now the load is applied gradually on the rope brake

dynamometer.

• For every increase in load, the speed is measured using tachometer.

• All the blends were tested under varying Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with ethanol, methanol and butanol Gasoline Blended Fuels

• The required engine load was obtained through the dynamometer control. The engine speed, fuel consumption, and load were measured, while the brake power, brake torque and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were computed.

• Calculate the torque and power using the given formulae• Repeat the experiment for different loads and note down the

above readings. Repeat the procedure for various load and power is measured.

• After the completion release the load and then shut down the engine.

• Allow the water to flow for few minutes and then turn it off.

CONCLUSIONFrom the results of the study, the following conclusions can be deduced: • Using methanol, ethanol and butanol as a fuel additive to

unleaded gasoline causes an improvement in engine performance.

• Methanol, ethanol and butanol addition to gasoline results in an increase in brake power, brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and fuel consumption respectively.

• The addition of 20% of methanol, ethanol and butanol to the unleaded gasoline is achieved in our experiments without any problems during engine operation

REFERENCES

• Ayhan Demirbas (2007) “Progress and recent trends in

biofuels”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

• Kripal Sing “Automobile Engineering Vol.1&2

• Thring R.H. Alternative fuels for spark-ignition engines.

• Taylor A.B., Moran D.P., Bell A.J. Gasoline/alcohol blends:

exhaust emissions, performance and burn-rate in a multi-

valve production engine. SAE paper.