Protestant Reformation

Ch. 1

Sec. 3

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

Lawyer turned monkJustification by faithDispute with Pope Leo X over church

abusesOn October 31st, 1517 Luther nailed

the 95 Theses on the church door in Wittenberg

Luther’s ProtestChurch sold indulgences to pay for St.

Peter’s BasilicaIn 1520 Luther was condemned and

his works bannedIn 1521 Luther was excommunicatedTranslated the New Testament into

German-(significance?)

Spread of Protestantism

John Calvin

Henry VIII

Ch. 1 Sec. 4

Church of EnglandHenry VIII wanted a male heir so he

wanted to divorce his wife, CatherineCatherine was the Aunt to Charles V,

Holy Roman Emperor Pope needed for protection

Henry passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534 Separated from the Catholic Church

Church of England

Under Edward VI, Protestant ideas entered the Church of England

Mary tried to restore Catholicism Elizabeth I introduced a moderate

blend of both called Anglicanism. Puritans wanted to “purify” Church of

England of Catholicism

Calvinists (1541)John Calvin formed the very

conservative Calvinists in SwitzerlandGeneva became a theocracyGod determined events-predestinationSpread quickly

Presbyterians-ScotlandHuguenots-France

Philosophies led to later revolutions

Other Protestant Movements

AnabaptistsBaptized as adultsSeparate church and state

Viewed as radicalsLed to Mennonites, Amish, Quakers,

Baptists

Catholic Reformation

Ignatius Loyola

Council of Trent

Reaffirming CatholicismCouncil of Trent reaffirmed what

protestants had challengedEliminated abuses by clergy and

required them to attend seminaryLatin Vulgate Bible only acceptedInquisition did more to attack heresy

and instituted censorship to fight the influx of new ideas

Fallout from the Reformations

Jesuits helped spread Catholicism and educated many around the world

Division arose between Catholics and Protestants-Peace of Augsburg

Many rulers chose Protestantism for their people as a way to promote the economy and keep money out of Italy

Baroque Art

Emotion, complexity, exaggeration

Peter Paul Rubens-artist

Lorenzo Bernini-St. Peter’s Square