Outcome of GCARD and implications for Outcome of GCARD and implications for the AARINENA region:the AARINENA region:

Transforming Agricultural Research Transforming Agricultural Research forfor DevelopmentDevelopment

The Global Forum on Agricultural Research

Secretariat

GCARD: The Context and ChallengesGCARD: The Context and Challenges One in six of the world’s population go hungry

“a moral outrage that must be abolished” (Ismael Serageldin)

Agricultural research investment via aid has declined around the world, yet returns are clear, the incubation period 30 – 50 years

Smallholder farmers and women are last to benefit from research

Over 2 billion more people by 2050, 30% more food required, 70% of people will be in cities; food demands changing

The poor are increasingly marginalised; South Asia home to 50% of world’s undernourished children; poverty is already concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

Increasing climate vulnerability and market volatility

Fast changing land use and diminishing soil, water and biodiversity resource

Most developing countries off-track meeting the MDGs, especially MDG1 – halving hunger and poverty by 2015

Source: FAO, 2009Source: FAO, 2009

CONTEXT- the scourge of hunger

42(+13.5%) 15

(+15.4%)53

(12.8%)

265(+11.8%)

642(+10.5%)

Asia and the Pacific

Sub-Saharan Africa

Latin America and theCaribbean

Near East and NorthAfrica

Developed Countries

For the first time > 1 billion people are undernourished

Smallholder farming

500 million smallholder farms worldwide supporting around 2 billion people. They:

Farm 80% of the farmland in Asia and Africa.

Produce 80% of the food consumed in the developing world

Feed 1/3 of the global population. Women are increasingly the

farmers of the developing world, producing between 45% and 80% of household food.

R. CookeR. Cooke

Potential for increasing agricultural Potential for increasing agricultural productivityproductivity

%

East/SE AsiaEast/SE Asia 2.72.7

South AsiaSouth Asia 1.01.0

East AfricaEast Africa 0.40.4

West AfricaWest Africa 1.61.6

Southern AfricaSouthern Africa 1.31.3

Latin AmericaLatin America 2.72.7

North Africa & West AsiaNorth Africa & West Asia 1.41.4

All regionsAll regions 2.12.1

Annual total factor productivity growth, 1992-2003

Source: von Braun et al. 2008.

The GCARD Process

WDR 2008

Millennium

Ecosystem

Assessment

IAASTD

PRSPs

Pre

vio

us

Reg

ion

al

Res

earc

h N

eed

s A

sses

smen

ts

Regional Reviews

E-Consultations

Face to Face Workshops

Regional Recommendations

GCARD Report on Transformation of ARD

Systems

CGIAR Results and

Strategic Framework

CGIAR Consortium

Programs

Draft Action Plan and Road Map

GCARD Synthesis Report and Proceedings

Roadmap

GCARDGCARD

ConferenceConference

GCARD: a groundbreaking process of learning and GCARD: a groundbreaking process of learning and change among all actorschange among all actors

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Year 6

Global & regional reviews & actions

Consultations & learning

GCARD Conference Event

Active GCARD Task Force

GCARD – Not just a standard ConferenceGCARD – Not just a standard Conference

Truly a Global Process, Regional actions and national ownership emphasized

Collective action, but differentiated accountability

Over 800 invited participants from all sectors

Participants rated the Conference as highly successful, median score of 8/10

GCARD – AR4D seeks radical change to GCARD – AR4D seeks radical change to increase food security while:increase food security while:

Abolishing rural poverty

Meeting societal needs

Sustainably managing environmental resources

Current agricultural research systems are fragmented, incoherent and unable to deliver to the required scale of development impacts

Factors determining rural poverty

Knowledge Flow

Policy

Processes &

Networks

Markets

GCARD: GCARD: agricultural agricultural research research centredcentred on meeting on meeting development development needs of the poorneeds of the poor

Innovation pathways

Enabling environment & inputs

Desired development

outcome

GCARD: Knowledge is essential for development, GCARD: Knowledge is essential for development, but development requires more than knowledgebut development requires more than knowledge

Policies promoting

agriculturaldevelopment & innovation

Collective research actions Collective research actions towards development outcomestowards development outcomes

GCARD – Broadly common themes across all, but specifics determined by sovereign national priorities and commitments All themes involve trade-offs and synergies Need to revisit ‘fit’ of research in national development frameworks

Outcome based planning of collective AR4D requires common objectives, defined by national development policies & frameworks, e.g.: National agricultural frameworks & FAO-CFS, GAFSP Regional frameworks e.g. CAADP GFAR-GPPs – partnerships for actionCGIAR-SRF

Two interlinked approaches of Two interlinked approaches of AR4D:AR4D:

Collective research and knowledge sharing actions on key outcome-focused themes

Transformation and strengthening of agricultural innovation systems of developing countries

Why A Roadmap?

A Plan setting out a way forwards for all.

Identifies how all stakeholders can play their respective roles and commit themselves to action in improving AR4D:

• A consensus on systematic needs of common international importance and the solutions required to satisfy those needs;

• A mechanism to look forward;• A framework to help plan and coordinate actions

Effective AR4D Systems Effective AR4D Systems commit to action for impactcommit to action for impact and: and:

1. Inclusively define key research priorities and actions, driven by evolving national, regional and global development objectives and shaped by science and society to meet our future needs;

2. Invest in ensuring equitable partnership and accountability among all stakeholders, addressing research in the context of agricultural innovation and developmental change;

Key system characteristics required...

3. Actively achieves increased investments in human, institutional and financial resources;

4. Develops required institutional capacities for generation, access and effective use of agricultural knowledge in development;

Key system characteristics required...

5. Effectively coordinate operational linkages relating research to development programmes and policies;

6. Demonstrate their value and gain recognition by society through involvement of stakeholders in effective monitoring, evaluation and reporting of outcomes.

What?

Who?Who?

How?

Increased, improved and targeted investment in Agricultural development, research and Innovation

Transformed, Inclusive ARD Systems, related Institutions and Processes that contribute to development, especially of resource poor small holder farmers

Greater, Effective Collaboration and Partnerships in ARD globally

Sharing of agriculture related information, knowledge, skills and technology increased and embedded in development process

Effective application and use of Science and Technology to meet current and emerging challenges in Agricultural Development

GFAR, NARS

Donors, FGE

CGIAR, NGOs

Farmer Orgs.

ARIs,

Governments

Private Sector

Scientific

Associations

Advocacy, Policy Support, Capacity Development, Collaborative Mechanisms

Revamping Old Institutions and Building New Institutions,

Extension, NARIS to NARS and Innovation Systems etc

When (Sequence and Time)?

Road Map Plan to Transform ARD SystemsRoad Map Plan to Transform ARD Systems

Reorientation of AR4DReorientation of AR4D Clients: small farm holders, poor producers, poor

consumers, women in agriculture Primary production level:

1. Sustainable intensification

2. Agro-ecosystem framework – resource-poor farmer realities

3. Integrated natural resource management

4. Risk management: adaptation and mitigation

Holistic: food supply chain (input sector primary production post-harvest/processing/marketing markets

Cross-cutting and coordinated: knowledge based, socio-economic and policy research, capacity building, participatory

VALUE CHAIN APPROACH:

Input industry

Research

PrimaryProducers

Food process industry

Food retail

industry

Consumers

Extension service

I

• Integrate livestock to Integrate livestock to match rising demandmatch rising demand

• Develop private Develop private Agro-processing & Agro-processing & marketingmarketing

• Cash crops: a role Cash crops: a role for promising under-for promising under-utilised cropsutilised crops

Options for rural smallholders

Improve basic foods Improve basic foods and staplesand staples

Developing countries have a major gap to fillDeveloping countries have a major gap to fill

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

USA Belgium China Malaysia Uganda

Researchers per million people

UNESCO 2004

Shaping the new CGIARShaping the new CGIAR

Need to refine core strategy and address fit with ‘the 96%’: Role of CRPs in relation to national and regional policies,

programmes & commitments – who owns the outcomes? CGIAR’s role and positioning and expected partnership

behaviour vis-à-vis other national, regional & international actors,

Shared responsibilities for outcomes need defining How SRF can foster change beyond the CGIAR? Regional Fora engagement of innovation partners in

national systems around key themes SRF currently being refined – INPUT REQUIRED

Evolution of Advisory Services

Roles -Building capacities, managing risk, improving market access, sustainable NRM, empowering people

New opportunities/risks – changes in market and food systems, climate change, price volatility

Partnerships- demand-driven, market led, locally adapted to farmer-private sector-research (NARES)-NGO-Govt. interactions

ICTs - Massive impact on information access and its transformation into goods and services

Changing the rulesChanging the rules Adaptive science is not a lesser science; agriculture

embeds science in society & environment Better integrate education, research and extension and

recognize the new architecture internationally (eg FGEs) and nationally (e.g. private sector)

‘Publish or perish’ is not the only relevant value system

Reassess value & rewards placed on forms and types of innovation that more directly benefit the poor

Rethink research questions through the eyes of a small farmer

Examine value of research to a country’s development and the returns from different forms of research investment

Making the case for agricultural investment

1% p.a. increase in agriculture growth, on average leads to a 2.7% increase in income of the lowest 3 income deciles in developing countries (WDR 2007)

Agriculture is 2.5 to 3 times more effective in increasing income of the poor than is non-agriculture investment (WDR 2007)

Agriculture growth, as opposed to growth in general, is typically found to be the primary source of poverty reduction (IFPRI, 2007)

Agricultural growth the pre-cursor to overall economic growth: Europe and North America (in the early part of the 20th century), then Japan and more recently in China, India, and Vietnam

National commitment to change is National commitment to change is essentialessential

Aggressive advocacy for increased AR4D funding is needed

Government to provide at least 1% of total agricultural GDP for AR4D

Agriculture research investments to be doubled

Increased capital investment through public-private-partnership

Government financial commitments are essential, supported by mobilizing ODA

Requires effective M&E and documenting of successes

GFAR – the multistakeholder catalyst for:GFAR – the multistakeholder catalyst for:

Advocacy for change: Strengthen the voice and demand of society for agricultural innovation to address key development issues

Institutions for the Future: Transform agricultural research, extension and education institutions and systems to better meet development needs

Inter-regional learning: Equitable partnerships catalysing rapid and efficient change through collective actions

Knowledge for All: Empower change by overcoming the barriers to knowledge flow and use

G8 Statement on Food Security 2009:G8 Statement on Food Security 2009:

““We support the fundamental reform processes We support the fundamental reform processes underway in the global agricultural research system underway in the global agricultural research system through the Global Forum on Agricultural Research"through the Global Forum on Agricultural Research"

Breaking down the wallsBreaking down the walls

Outcome-centred, not technology-centred thinking

Innovative knowledge access & transformation systems

Stakeholders learning & innovating together, managing benefits & risks

Institutional reorientation & changed attitudes/values

Convergence of policies and resources

joed

ale.

type

pad

Over to YouOver to You

You have tremendous capability to transform AR4D in the WANA region

GFAR provides the open, inclusive Mechanism to enable this transformation and GCARD the Process

Together we can bring real change...

Thank YouThank Youwww.egfar.orgwww.egfar.org