Opportunities and Challenges for 60 GHz Wireless … Presentation.pdf · 2021. 7. 2. · 0 50 100...
Transcript of Opportunities and Challenges for 60 GHz Wireless … Presentation.pdf · 2021. 7. 2. · 0 50 100...
Opportunities and Challenges
for 60 GHz Wireless Communication
Presented at: 1998 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference Yokohama, Japan
Solid-State Technology Laboratory
Hewlett-Packard Laboratories
Palo Alto, California
Rory Van Tuyl
Yokohama, Japan 11 December, 1998
Nature Has Created a Short Range Band.........56 - 64 GHz is Severely Range-Limited by Oxygen
15 dB/km
R. Van Tuyl, APMC ‘98Source:
H.J. Liebe et al.,
1993 AGARD
Conference ProceedingsFor Details of this study, contact US Dept. of Commerce,
NTIA/ITC, Boulder, CO, USA.
Terrestrial Transmitters Can �ot Interfere With Satellites................
130 km
>>100 dB Attenuation
O2 Radiation
130 km
Transmitters
R. Van Tuyl, APMC ‘98
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Terrestrial Range is Limited ..................60 GHz Compared to 1 GHz
cast
Loss
[d
B]
1 GHz
60 GHz
45 dB
93 dB
80
100
120
R. Van Tuyl, APMC ‘98
Iso
trop
ic B
road
c
Range
138 dB140
160
180
200
10m 100m 1 km 10 km
Isotropic Broadcast Loss -vs- Distance For 60 GHz and 1 GHz
OxygenAbsorption@10 dB/km
International Spectrum Allocations ................Present and Proposed
Japan
Test
Radar
Wireless LAN
e
ace A
pps
ed &
Mobile
ed
Oxygen Absorption Band
R. Van Tuyl, APMC ‘98
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 6656 57
US
Europe
Mobile
IBC
N
Road
Info
r-
matics
Unlicensed
ISM
Prim
ary
: Spa
Secondary
: Fix
e
Pro
hib
ite
Wireless LAN
Frequency, [GHz]
Unlicensed
Unlicensed
Pt. - Pt.
R. Van Tuyl, APMC ‘98
If There Were a Problem, It Would
Be With the EYE
Recently, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Has
Are 60 GHz mmWaves Safe?
R. Van Tuyl, APMC ‘98
Recently, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Has Studied the Question
Reference: Kues, H.A. et al., “Absence of Ocular Effects Following Either Single or Repeated Exposure to 10 mW/cm2 from a 60-GHz Source,” submitted to Bioelectromagnetics Journal, for 1999 Publication.
For details, contact Henry A. Kues at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory: [[email protected]].
Johns Hopkins Experimental Setup
10 mW/cm2
60 GHz Beam
Control
Applications for 60 GHz Wireless Communications
Indoors: Outdoors:
Wireless Lans Point-to-Point Data Links
Point-to-Point Links
Sensors
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Wireless LANs at 60GHz .........Are they Possible and Useful?
Positives:
Compact Antennas are Possible
Very High User Data Rates are Practical
Highest Aggregate System Data Rate
�egatives:
Range is Short
Line-of-Sight Required in Most Cases
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Wireless LANs in Offices .........A Ceiling Mounted �etwork
Hubs & Transceivers
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Useful Antennas for Wireless LAN
Up-Tilted Omni Steerable Four Sector Patch
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
60GHz Office Environment Channel Sounder
200
250
300
350
dis
tance (cm
)
TXTXTXTX
Angular Variation in Received Power
1111
2222 33334444
5555
6666
1111
2222 33334444
5555
6666
Furnished
Unfurnished6dB/Division
Maximum
-60 dBm
Minimum
60 GHz Measurements in a Typical Office Cubicle
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0
50
100
150
distance (cm)
dis
tance (cm
)
6666
7777 8888 9999
10101010
6666
7777 8888 9999
10101010
-90 dBm
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20
40
60
80
100
Locations <
Abcis
sa (%
)
c)
2
1
3
4
Delay Spreads for Office Cubicle Environment
1) Ceiling-Mounted Base Station Configuration : Directional Mobile
2) Cubicle-Mounted Base Station : Omni-Directional Mobile
3) Cubicle-Mounted Base Station : Directional Mobile, using single BS
4) Cubicle-Mounted Base Station : Directional Mobile, choice of BS1 or BS2
0 5 10 15
0
Delay Spread (ns)
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Wireless LANs at 60GHz .........Are they Possible and Useful?
Answer:
YES!
However:
The Case is Hot Compelling At Present
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Point-to-Point Data Links at 60GHz .........Are they Possible and Useful?
Positives:
Compact Directional Antennas are Available
Very High Data Rates are Practical
Low Interference Probability
Ho License Heeded Ho License Heeded
Simple, Cheap Radios May Be Possible
Hegatives:
Range is Short
Line of Sight is Required
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Ad Hoc Video Links
“Last 100 meters”
Building-to-Building
Communications Backbone
Some Point-to-Point Applications
In-Building Backbone
Highway Applications
Ad Hoc Video Links
60 GHz Beams XBC
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
1000
2xT1
e [m
eter
s] Range for
99.99%Available
Pt.-Pt. Link
1200
1400 60 GHz
10W EIRP
6dB HF
I I I I I
3/4 Mile
1600
1800
1 Mile
3.7o Beamwidth
FM System
Denver
Range -vs- Rainfall Rate for 60 GHz Links
I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
0
OC-3
Rain Rate [mm/hr]
R
an
ge
Ho R
ain200
400
600
800
I I I I I
1/4 Mile
1/2 Mile
S
an
Die
go
Se
att
le
Atl
an
ta
Ho
no
lulu
Bost
on
Mia
mi
Dall
as
Hew
Orl
ean
s
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Hokia launches a new solution capable of increasing a network capacity ten-fold...
(October 26, 1998) - Hokia today launches the new MetroSite capacity solution...intended for networks in areas of dense call traffic, such as business sectors, train or subway stations and shopping districts.
First Products are Being Announced... As of 1998
“Using revolutionary new access transmission at the 58 GHz frequency, this solution makes it possible to select sites virtually anywhere...”
Source: http://wwwdb.nokia.com/pressrel/webpr.nsf
2009
Point-to-Point Data Links at 60GHz .........Are they Possible and Useful?
Answer:
YES!
However:
Work is Heeded to Reduce Cost
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
How to Reduce Hardware Costs? .......What Will Make 60GHz Competitive?
Answer:
MMICs!
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
What MMIC Technologies?
GaAs pHEMT
InP HEMT
GaAs MHEMT
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
CMOS in 2009!
Osc.LHA Mxr
Buffer
Oscillator Output
Vtuning
Single-Chip Downconverter .......Block Diagram
RF Input
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
Osc.
IFA
LHA Mxr
Balun
I.F. OUT
Vtuning
+1.5V
-3V
Fre
qu
ency
, G
Hz
64
Receiver VTO Tuning Curve
F
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Fre
qu
ency
, G
Hz
Tuning Voltage, [V]
0 1.0 2.0
Po
wer, d
Bm
+1
59
P
Receiver Gain and Noise Figure (Tested with External LO)
32dB Gain
G
Frequency, [GHz]
6dB HF
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HF
Predictions for the Future .......Of 60GHz Wireless Communication
First Point-to-Point Links in 1999
Technology Costs Will Fall Over 5 Years
Cheap Indoor/Outdoor Data Links Will Follow
LAHs Will Emerge When Demand for Ultra High Data Rate Arrives
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98
A Special Plea for Standardization.......But �ot Government-Imposed Rules
Worldwide Harmonization of Frequency Spectrum Allocations
Industry Heeds to Work Toward Basic Standards
Governments and Standards Bodies Should Be Permissive: �o Licenses! �o Lockouts!
R. Van Tuyl APMC ‘98