NJ Future Redevelopment Forum 2017 Cammarata

Green City, Clean WatersThe City of Philadelphia’s Combined Sewer Overflow Long Term Control Plan Update

Green City, Clean Waters

Metric UnitsCumulative amount

as of Year 25 (2036)

NE / SW / SE WPCP upgrade: Design &

ConstructionPercent complete 100%

Miles of interceptor lined Miles 14.5

Overflow Reduction Volume

Million Gallons per year 7,960

Equivalent Mass Capture TSS / BOD / Fecal

ColiformPercent 85%

Total Greened Acres Greened Acres 9,564

Consent Order and Agreement Requirements

Green Infrastructure

Bureau of Laboratory Science planters Columbus Square planters

George W. Nebinger School rain garden Kemble Park rain garden

Greened Acre = IC * Wd Impervious

CoverRunoff Depth

Opportunities & Barriers

Year Greened Acres Square Miles % Imperviouscover managed

5 750 1 3%10 2,100 3 8%15 3,800 6 14%20 6,400 10 23%25 9,600 15 34%

25-Year Implementation of Green City, Clean Waters

Green Stormwater Infrastructure Requirements

Assumes GSI storage equivalent to 1.0 inch of runoff

Southeast Philadelphia (10th & Moyamensing), photo by Andrew Dobshinsky

Pathway to Green

$$$$$ $ $$

Public Investments: Streets, Parks & Schools

Photo : Jenna Stamm , courtesy of The Trust for Public Land


Private Investment: Development Regulations

New Development & Redevelopment with earth disturbance exceeding 15,000 square feet:

• Water Quality; Channel Protection; Flood Control • Meets the definition of a greened acre and manages the first inch of

runoff• Opportunity to leverage private development

Sites: Philadelphia Zoo, Shoemaker Green (Penn Campus), Paseo Verde (APM), Pashall Village (affordable housing), Radian (40th and Walnut)Photo Credits: WRT and Paul Rider

Local Business:PWD Storm water pioneer

Development:Granary Green Roof

Private Investment: Development Regulations

Public/Private Investments: Incentivized Retrofits• Up to 80% credit for the management of 1” of stormwater

• 1 acre parcel pays $500/mo, $5600/yr for stormwater / Managing 1” over property lowers bill to $100/mo, $1100/yr

Rain Garden

Porous Pavement

Sub-surface Detention PondGreen Roof

Surface Detention Pond

Stormwater Wetland

Greene Street Friends School

Public/Private Investments: Incentivized Retrofits

Dependable DistributionWharton Street Lofts

You can do it anywhere!

GSI on Streets, Schools, Parks, and other Public Property

PWD has completed or is in the process of designing:• 485 Stormwater Tree Trenches• 73 Stormwater Planters• 49 Stormwater Bump-outs• 96 Rain Gardens• 12 Stormwater Basins• 141 Infiltration/Storage

Trenches• 31 Porous Paving Projects• 28 Swales• 2 Stormwater Wetlands• 33 Downspout Planters• 15 Other Projects

137 sites, 179.7 acres

GSI on (Re)Development Projects and Incentivized Retrofits

266 projects, 423.4 acres


(Re) Development Projects

Incentivized Retrofits

GSI on Streets, Schools, Parks, and other Public Property

+

GSI on Private Development and Redevelopment Projects

+

GSI Through Incentivized Retrofits


266 projects, 423.4 acres


SUCCESS!

Metric Units BaseLine Value

First 5-Year WQBEL Target

Cumulative as of Year 5 (2016)

Miles of Interceptor Lined Miles 0 2 7.5

Overflow Reduction Volume

Million Gallons Per Year 0 600 1,710

Equivalent Mass Capture (TSS) Percent 62% Report value 70.5%

Equivalent Mass Capture (BOD) Percent 62% Report value 88.9%

Equivalent Mass Capture (Fecal

Coliform)Percent 62% Report value 72.0%

Total Greened Acres Greened Acres 0 744 837.7

We have not only achieved out year 5 targets, we have exceeded them!

5 Year GSI Costs – Design, Construction, Construction Mgmt (as of June 2016)

(Re)Development Regulations Greened Acres: $10M• Spend approximately $2M/year in Operating costs to manage all

aspects of the Stormwater Regulations program (Plan Review Staff, Inspections and Enforcement, Website and Data Management )

Public Retrofit Greened Acres: approx. $40M / $225k per GA• $30.2M for Compensated Construction• $5.5M for Professional Service Costs (Design and Construction Mgmt)

• $4M PWD Labor Costs (Design and Construction Mgmt)

Incentivized Retrofit Greened Acres: $16.5+M• $10.5 SMIP-related Design, Construction and Construction Mgmt• $5M GARP-related Design, Construction and Construction Management• $1+M to date for PWD Labor (Design Reviews and Construction

Inspections)** Don’t forget about Maintenance Costs!

$75M+

Years 6-10 Look Ahead – Double our output!

Metric Units WQBEL TargetMiles of interceptor lined miles 6

Overflow Reduction Volume million gallons per year 2,044

Equivalent Mass Capture (TSS) percent Report value

Equivalent Mass Capture (BOD) percent Report value

Equivalent Mass Capture (Fecal Coliform) percent Report value

Total Greened Acres Greened Acres 2,148

Additional 1300 GA

• GSI Planning Guidelines• GSI Design Process Workflow Packet• GSI Design Requirements & Guidelines• GSI Drawing Requirements Packet

– GSI CAD Standards• GSI Standard Details• GSI Project Implementation Workflows• Landscape Guidebookwww.phillywatersheds.org/gsi_design_resources

Planning and Design | Key Resources

http://www.phillywatersheds.org/gsi_design_resources

Stormwater Tree Trench

Stormwater Planter

Permeable Pavement

Rain Garden

Planning | Large Area Disconnection

Analysis for Large Area Disconnection (LAD) is performed when there are open space areas that appear to provide the opportunity to manage runoff from areas beyond those immediately adjacent to the site.

Topic Current Design Requirement/GuidelineTarget depth of runoff managed 1.5”, maximum of 2”

Design drainage areas Directly connected impervious areas (DCIA)Sizing methodology Static storage

Infiltration Rate > 0.25”/hrDrain Down Time 72 hours

Slow-Release Rate 0.05 cfs/acre DCIAMinimum Orifice Size 0.5”

Underdrains Always included, (safe guard for future clogging)Loading Ratio Target 10:1, higher rates permitted on case by case basis

Building Setback 10 feetInlet Capacity Rational method, using 1 yr storm intensityInlet Selection PWD Standard Inlets preferredLandscaping Species selection from a recommended plant list

Reporting Design Report (as per GreenIT specifications)

MonitoringMinimum one observation well per system (not applicable

to rain gardens/planters without stone)Drawing Requirements OOW GSI CAD StandardsReview Requirements Based on PWD & City Standards

Submission Requirements Based on PWD Standards

Design: Requirements and/or Constraints

Construction

• Soil Compaction• Erosion and Sediment

Controls• Prime/Sub Supervision and

Communication• Warranties

• Material availability and integrity

• Landscaping• Grading• Small tolerances• Punchlist items

Inspection:• Visual/photographic• Record condition of vegetative and structural

features• Measure sediment and water levels

Maintenance:• Trash and sediment removal• Weeding, pruning, etc.• New product testing• Structural repairs• Erosion control• Reseeding / Watering

Reporting:• Labor effort and materials required to

maintain each siteCreating Standards and Protocols:

• Required tools and Crew Size• Frequency of visits• Responsible party

Maintenance


Diversity: Resources and Workforce

Professional Services Contracts

City Workforce

Adoption Programs

Requirements ContractsSpecial Service Districts

PowerCorpsPHL

Equipment, Materials, Supplies Contracts

Business Improvement Districts

PowerCorpsPHL

The Importance of Monitoring

“Information from pilot projects will be collected to develop a cost effective GSI program by testing a variety of projects and evaluating them for a number of factors, including:

• Ability to meet performance requirements

• Ease of implementation for on-street and off-street settings

• Cost-effectiveness of various physical conditions

• Efficiency of various systems • Effectiveness of various materials

• Ease of maintenance

Feedback Loop!

Program Performance/Pilot Results Summary• The performance monitoring of GSI (results of infiltration rate, storage use, and

drain down duration analyses together) makes a strong case that GSI systems are performing better than predicted using current engineering design assumptions

• The systems overflow less often than predicted• The systems experience higher infiltration rates and

faster drain down times than predicted• The systems have more excess storage capacity

available than predicted over a range of events

Triple Bottom Line – How it begins to pay for itself

Environmental Benefits• Fish in streams• Swimmable streams• Habitat quality• Air quality• Energy savings• Carbon footprint

Social Benefits• Safe and accessible

streams• Recreation• Aesthetics• Public health• Social equity• Crime Reduction

Economic Benefits• Property values• Job creation• City competitiveness

http://www.phillywatersheds.org/ltcpu/Vol02_TBL.pdf

Not your traditional Return on Investment…• Public Health and Safety

– significant reductions in narcotics possession and narcotics manufacture

• Crime– 10% increase in urban tree canopy was associated with a roughly 12% decrease in

crime • Mental Health

– Areas that have the most trees along the streets also had fewer prescriptions for antidepressants

– …people reported less mental distress and higher life satisfaction when they were living in greener areas

– Life satisfaction increased by 2% and psychological distress decreased by 4%

– As green space increased within a 2.5-mile radius of where they lived, overall well-being increased proportionally

Not your traditional Return on Investment…• Academics

– richer and poorer areas saw similar increases in scores with increasing vegetation– …that surrounding greenness has approximately equal effects on student academic

performance regardless of financial status or gender

– …consistent and systematically positive relationships between nature exposure and student performance

– Views with greater quantities of trees and shrubs from cafeteria as well as classroom windows are positively associated with:

• standardized test scores, graduation rates, and percentages of students planning to attend a four-year college

• restoration from mental fatigue and stress reduction

Where we are going next…

• Innovation– Cost reduction and efficiencies particularly within Design, Construction,

Maintenance and Monitoring elements – Standardizing best practices– Expanding programs and incentives for private green infrastructure

activities – Alternative Project Delivery Methods– National GSI Practitioners Information Exchange

• Continue to generate more Green Jobs • Monitoring performance at scale• Grow community partnerships to engage in planning and to

address local needs• Integrate CSO controls with flooding and climate change

Green City, Clean Waters

www.phila.gov/waterwww.phillywatersheds.orgwww.pwdplanreview.org

www.phila.gov/water/swmap/@PhillyH2O

www.facebook.com/PhillyH2O

NJ Future Redevelopment Forum 2017 Cammarata

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