Nepal: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

8/3/2019 Nepal: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

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The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies ofthe Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not

guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of theiruse. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent statusor necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.


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Concepts Followed in Project Design:

Co-financing, Cost Sharing and Cost Recovery for the development of

Water Supply and Sanitation facilities.

Empowerment and capacity building and full involvement of Users at eachstage including town project study, formulation, implementation and O&M.

Assurance of transparency through the direct involvement of users indecision making process and financial matters.

Assurance of female representation in all activities of project.

Develop DSCs, local NGOs, CBOs and private sector as partnerorganizations.

Use concept of community management.

Institutional development in the operation and maintenance of watersupply systems . 2


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Project OverviewGrant amount: $ 45.1 million

Expected impact: Improved health , economic and environmentalliving conditions of people in 20 small towns.

Expected outcome: Improved, affordable, and sustainable watersupply and sanitation services which are governed and managed by

locally accountable representative bodies.

Project scope: Provide water supply services to 240,000 people in 20small towns. Sanitation services to 270,000 people such as privatelatrines, public toilets, wastewater management facilities, and storm

water drainage

EA: Ministry of Physical Planning and Works with sub-project executiondelegated to its Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

Project Duration: 2009 - 2015


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Project Outputs

Output 1: Develop an efficient, effective, and accountableurban

water supply and sanitation sector by establishingand implementing policies, establishing service standards,and enhancing sector coordination.

Output 2: Support development of safe, accessible, and

adequate water supply and sanitation facilities includingadditional water sources, construction of water treatmentfacilities and storage tanks, and rehabilitation and/orexpansion of transmission and distribution systems inabout 20 small towns.

Output 3: Strengthen governance and capacity for projectmanagement and operation. Local NGOs will be engagedin each town for public awareness raising and health andhygiene education, construction of sanitation facilities,such as public toilets and sludge drying beds for septic tanksludge disposal, construction of storm water drainage, solid

waste management.


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Output-Based Aid (OBA)

The Project proposes a strategy for using explicitperformance-based grants to deliver WSS servicesprimarily to the poor and vulnerable groups. Under the

OBA, grants will be given to service providers, i.e., WUSCs,after delivery of the household connections has been

verified by an independent verification agent. The UrbanWater Supply and Sanitation Sector Plan (UWSSSP)

addresses the OBA to facilitate the access of poor people towater supply and sanitation services.


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Project Specific Characteristics

24 hours supply of quality water,

Service level as per the choice and affordability ofusers (Fully plumbed or yard connection or

community tap),

100% sanitation coverage, and

Cost sharing, Co-financing and full involvement ofstakeholders in decision making.

6


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Gender Equality and Social

Inclusion (GESI) Provisions Follows ADB Gender Policy 1998 and ADB Strategy 2020

Gender Equity Thematic Classification

Project Outcome Indicator: Reduced time for fetching water(essentially to zero in all towns) by 2015

Includes Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Action Plan

Grant Assurance: MPPW will ensure that GESI are duly consideredand incorporated in project planning and implementation inaccordance with the GESI Action Plan


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GESI Action Plan Activity/Measures Indicators/Targets ReOutput 1: Developing an Efficient, Effective, and Accountable Urban Water Supply

and Sanitation Sector1.1 Make water supplyand sanitationstandards genderresponsiveand socially inclusive

Inclusion of gender equality and socialinclusion approaches in the implementationof existing laws/regulations (i.e., Urban WSSPolicy) and the formulation of new laws,policies, and guidelines.

MPPW(continuous)

Output 2: Developing safe, accessible, and adequate water supply and sanitationfacilities in about 20 small towns.

2.1. Select projectservice area throughparticipatory and

inclusive approaches

Awareness raising on project approaches &participation for women and vulnerablegroups.

Service area selected through consultationswith all stakeholders from targeted vulnerablecommunities, district dalit coordinationcommittees, janajati coordinationcommittees, gender mainstreamingcoordination committees, federations of

indigenous groups and dalit organizations,and other minority groups.

PMO, WSSDO,DSC, NGO (beforeservice area

selection in eachtown)


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2. 2. Collect datadisaggregated by sex,caste, and ethnicity in

socioeconomic survey

Gender, caste, ethnicity disaggregateddata and information on relevantsocioeconomic indicators obtained from

survey reports collected by DSC andreflected in the improved PPMS (target:all towns). Number of female headed HH and othergender indicators included in HH surveys.

PMO, WSSDO,DSC, NGO (within6 months of

commencement ofDSC work)

2.3. Adopt pro-poor andgender sensitiveapproaches in WUSCoperations

IASC and WUSC operational guidelines& charters are gender-sensitive andinclusive. Include women and vulnerable groups intraining, decision-making, O&M of watersupply system, and in monitoring.

IASC and WUSC members trained onparticipatory poverty assessment andsocial inclusion. OBA effectively implemented and 75% oftotal household of poor in the service areaconnected to the piped water supply and

sanitation systems

PMO, WSSDO,WUSC, NGO(during the designand construction fortrainings)(by the end of the

first year operation)


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2.4. Ensurerepresentation ofwomen and vulnerablegroups in ISACs and

WUSCs

2.5. Conduct social

mobilization

2.6. Improve capacity ofwomen and vulnerablegroups to activelyparticipate in decision

making

33% of WUSC members are women,with at least one woman in key position(target: 75% of towns). Dalits, indigenous groups, Muslims,

and religious minorities areappropriately represented in subgroupsand/or general assembly of ISACs andWUSCs.

Local NGOs with inclusive staff

composition are selected for socialmobilization. One communitymobilizer in NGO iseither a woman or from a vulnerablegroup (dalits, marginalized indigenousgroups, Muslims, other minorities)

WUA members from vulnerablegroups and women are trained inleadership, group management, andO&M of water and sanitation service

systems

WSSDO, WUSC,NGO (during thedesign period)

PMO, WSSDOPMO, NGO (localNGO engagementin each town)

WUSC, NGO(during the designand construction)


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2.7. Provide equalemploymentopportunity to poor,women andmen in construction

works

Employment of local poor, skilled, andunskilled people, both men and women,will be encouraged in bidding andcontract documents (target: all towns). Equal wages paid for women and men for

work of equal value. Employment data disaggregated by sex.

DSC, Contractor,NGO (before andduring construction)

2.8. Make sanitation andsolid waste managementactivities gender-friendly

50% participation of women andvulnerable groups in sanitation and solid-waste management programs ensured. WUA members from vulnerable groupsand women are trained in leadership,group management, andO&M of water and sanitation servicesystems

NGO (duringconstruction)

WUSC, NGO(during the designand construction)

Output 3: Strengthen governance and capacity for project management and

operation.3.1. Designategender/socialdevelopment officers inPMOand WSSDO

Gender and social development officersplaced in PMO and WSSDO and involved inproject planning, implementation, review, andmonitoring (target: all relevant WSSDOs).

PMO, WSSDO(continuous)


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3.2. Designate genderand social inclusionofficer (governmentcounterpart) in DWSS

3.3. Develop urban water

supplyand sanitation genderequalityand social inclusiontrainingManual

3.4. Provide 1-daytrainingworkshop to PMO andWSSDO teams ongender equality and

social inclusion

Institutional capacity of DWSSenhanced on gender mainstreaming andsocial inclusion supported through GESIofficer.

Training manual on gender and social

inclusion produced (includes tools andtechniques for GESI mainstreaming inurban water supply and sanitationsector) and used to train project staff.

At least gender specialists ofPMO andWSSDO officers are trained on genderequality and social inclusion in urbanwater supply and sanitation.

DWSS(continuous)

PMO, NGO

(manual developedwithin 6 months ofcommencement ofPMC services)

PMO, WSSDO(during the designperiod)


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3.5. Develop PPMS thatincludes sex, caste, and

ethnicity disaggregateddata and information

3.6. Develop genderequality and social

inclusionimplementation plan foreach subproject

3.7. Conduct socialaudits by involving dalit,janajati, gendermainstreamingcoordinationcommittees of DDC, andothers

PPMS developed based on STWSSSP-I. Disaggregated data, gender, and social

indicators incorporated into monitoringformats and progress reports.

Implementation plan developed andimplemented effectively, and

periodically reviewed by each subproject(target: all towns).

Benefits to poor, women,disadvantaged, and vulnerable ensuredthrough project activities.

PMO, WSSDO,NGO (PPMS

developed within 9months of granteffectiveness)

PMO, WSSDO,NGO (plan

developed within 6months ofcommencement ofNGO work)

PMO, WSSDO,NGO (during thefirst year operation)


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GESI IN DMF Output 1: Improved, affordable, and sustainable

water supply and sanitation services which aregoverned and managed by locally accountablerepresentative bodiesReduced time for fetching water (essentially to zeroin all towns) by 2015

Output 2: Safe, accessible, and adequate watersupply and sanitation facilities developed in 20

towns12,000 households served through OBA for waterand sanitation connections


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GESI IN DMF (Cont.) Output 3: Governance and capacity strengthened

for project management and operation- Collection and management system for datadisaggregated by sex, caste, and ethnicity

established by 2010- At least 33% representation of women amongWUSC members upon first election- Women, poor, and vulnerable groupsappropriately represented in general assembly orother WUA subgroups in accordance with GESIaction plan- Gender/social development officer designated inPMO/WSSDOs


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GESI Outputs

33% representation of women among WUSC members already achieved.On an average a town has one female representative occupying one keyposition.

Various trainings being carried out for capacity building of WUSCs.Concerns of diverse groups of users addressed by making their

representation in executive committees, zonal committees or wardcommittees. (Total: 99. Male: 63, Female: 36)

Socio-economic profile prepared for Batch I Towns of the Project.

Women, poor, and vulnerable groups appropriately represented in generalassembly or other WUA subgroups in accordance with GESI action plan.

(Total: 3,305. Male: 2,233, Female: 1,072) Social Development Officers/Social Mobilizers already recruited and

engaged in PMO/WSSDOs . (Total: 33. Male: 1, Female: 32)

Urban WSS Policy includes and inter-relates GESI.

GESI training manual being developed and in the process of finalization.


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Challenges

Political Interference

Security situation further deteriorates

Institutionalization of WUSCs not given duepriority by the Government

Enforcement of GESI Action Plan not given duepriority by the Government

Socio-economic structure of the country


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Women Participation in meeting


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Meeting with WUSC


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Agreement signing with WUSC


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Observation Tour ofWUSCs

members


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Thank You

Nepal: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

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