41022-022: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

147
Initial Environmental Examination March 2013 NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project- Vyas Town Project Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.

Transcript of 41022-022: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Page 1: 41022-022: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Initial Environmental Examination

March 2013

NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and

Sanitation Sector Project- Vyas Town Project

Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 March 2013)

Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR)

NPR1.00 = $0.0115 $1.00 = NPR86.8000

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Village Development Committee WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation Committee

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NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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Government of Nepal

Ministry of Urban Development

Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

Second Small Towns Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Project

Project Management Office Panipokhari, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu

OOff

VVyyaass TToowwnn WWaatteerr SSuuppppllyy aanndd SSaanniittaattiioonn PPrroojjeecctt,, TTaannaahhuu

((BBaattcchh IIII,, PPaacckkaaggee IIII))

March 2013

IInniittiiaall EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall EExxaammiinnaattiioonn ((IIEEEE))

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Executive Summary

Proponent

This IEE Report has been prepared for the construction of water supply and sanitation scheme in Vyas

Town. Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) of Government of Nepal,

Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) is the

executing agency and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for Vyas

Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Tanahu District.

Background

In January 2000 the Government endorsed the 15-year Development Plan for Small Towns Water Supply

and Sanitation in order to improve health and economic and environmental living conditions of people in

small towns in Nepal. The project embraces the community managed demand responsive approach,

where the community is involved in all aspects of planning and implementation of the town projects.

Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been providing financial assistance to this sector project.

Project Description

The proposed Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project lies in Vyas Municipality, Tanahu district

of Gandaki zone and Western Development region of Nepal. The proposal is to provide water supply

facility to wards 2, 10 and 11 and partial portion of ward 1 of Vyas Municipality.

The Project comprises of two different sources of surface water viz. Gunadi Spring with gravity flow

system and Madi River with pumping system.

Relevancy of the Proposal

IEE preparation and approval is a legal requirement before its implementation as per the provision of

Rule 3, Schedule 1, Ai (Drinking Water Sector) of the Environmental Protection Rules, (EPR, 1997 with

amendments). Thus the IEE study of the Proposal is mandatory as per this provision.

Methodology

The findings and conclusions of the report are based on the analysis of the information collected from the

field by undertaking a walk-through environmental survey along the proposed area and secondary

information collected by the social and technical teams working in the detail survey. Public consultation

was done during the field visit with the local people living around the project area, members of WUSC,

teachers and local leaders.

Existing environmental condition

The project area is located within 27o59’18’ N, 84o15’40”E and 27o58’07”N, 84o16’25”E with average

elevation of 358 m and lies in Lesser Himalaya Zone in between Madi River and Buldi Khola which

finally drain to Seti River.

The Project area lies in Sub-Tropical Climatic Zone with mean maximum temperature of 29.7oC and

mean minimum temperature of 17.7oC. Average annual precipitation of the project area is 2151 mm.

Seti, Madi and Buldi Rivers are the major river of the project area and all the catchment water is drained

to Seti River which flows towards south of the Project area.

Major tree species in the forest are Sal (Shorea robusta), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) and Simal (Bombax

ceiba). Sal trees are the dominant species. Jackal (Canis aureus), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Malsapro

(Martes foina), Hare (Caprolaus hispidus), Monkey (Macaca mulatta) etc. are the animal species found

in the forest.

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There are 2238 households in the project area (Survey year 2012). The total population is 17,765

including rental population (33.5%). The population of male comprises 49% and female population

comprises 51% which is almost equal. The average family size is 5.27.

The majority of the beneficiaries are Janajatis (51%) and Bramin/Chhetri (36%). Population of Dalits and

Others (Muslim and Madhesi) consists of 7% and 6%.respectively.

The main occupation of the people residing in the zone of influence (ZoI) is business and trade (31%).

People are also involved in different services (29%). Substantially high percentage (10%) of population

is dependent on remittance earned through foreign employment. Dependency on agricultural source of

income is very low (2 %) which indicates that the service area is remarkably urbanized.

Beneficial Impacts

Implementation of the Project will provide drinking water facility in Vyas Municipality. This will lead in

improved health and sanitation condition of the project area.

Adverse Impacts

No significant adverse environmental impact is envisaged by the implementation and operation of the

Project. Some minimal negative impacts are local in nature and low in magnitude. There are very little

possibilities of adverse impact on biological and socio economical environment of Project area. There

may be some impact due to air, water and noise pollution, soil erosion, and disturbances to community

during construction. During operation phase, there may be impact due to contaminated water in the

distribution system and toxic chemical hazards.

Mitigation Measures

Though small in magnitude, there are some possibilities of producing adverse environmental impacts,

which must be mitigated as possible. Use of labor intensive construction techniques, preservation of

vegetation, safe guarding of trees, allowing frequent movement of vehicles and pedestrian along the

existing roads within construction period etc. are some of the measures prescribed. Occupational health

and safety, insurance of workers, provision of clean drinking water and toilets in work camp and sites,

arrangement of first aid box and fire extinguishers with training to use them will be provided in the work

site.

Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring

An action plan with clear roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, time schedule and cost has been

prepared. The Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC), Water Users Committee (WUC), Project

Management Office (PMO), Contractors, Vyas Municipality office are some of the major stakeholders

responsible for implementation of the action plan.

A well defined mechanism for the monitoring of Environment Management Action Plan and the

indicators for the Monitoring of the work have been formulated.

Conclusion and Recommendation

The IEE study of the proposed water supply Project reveals that the benefits from the implementation of

the proposed Project are more significant and long term in nature against the adverse impacts most of

which could be mitigated or avoided. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient for approval of the proposed

Project. This Project is recommended for implementation with incorporation of mitigation measures and

environmental management plan and monitoring plan.

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Table of Contents

sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z.................................................................................................................................................... i 

Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... iv 

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ vi 

List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ viii 

List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... viii 

Annexes .................................................................................................................................................... viii 

List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. ix 

CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................................................. 1 

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 

1.1 Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report .............................................. 1 

1.1.1 Name of the Proposal .................................................................................................................. 1 

1.1.2 Name and Address of the Proponent ........................................................................................... 1 

1.2 Basis and Extent of the IEE Study ..................................................................................................... 1 

1.2.1 ADB Policy ................................................................................................................................. 2 

1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines ..................................... 2 

1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of Environmental Study ........................................................................... 6 

1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project ............................................................................................................. 6 

1.2.5 Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................................ 8 

Chapter II ................................................................................................................................................... 10 

Description of the Project .......................................................................................................................... 10 

2.1 Existing Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Infrastructure ...................................................... 10 

2.1.1 Water Supply Facility ............................................................................................................... 10 

2.1.2 Sanitation Facility ..................................................................................................................... 10 

2.1.3 Drainage Facility ....................................................................................................................... 10 

2.1.4 Solid Waste Management ......................................................................................................... 11 

2.2 Type, Category and Need of the Project .......................................................................................... 11 

2.3 Size or Magnitude of Operation ....................................................................................................... 11 

2.4 Proposed Schedule for Implementation ........................................................................................... 11 

2.5 Description of Project ...................................................................................................................... 12 

2.5.1 Water Source ............................................................................................................................. 12 

2.5.2 Water Treatment Facilities ........................................................................................................ 12 

2.5.3 Service Reservoirs .................................................................................................................... 13 

2.5.4 Pipe Line ................................................................................................................................... 13 

2.5.5 Other System Appurtenance ..................................................................................................... 14 

Chapter III .................................................................................................................................................. 17 

Description of the Environment ................................................................................................................. 17 

3.1 Physical Resources ........................................................................................................................... 17 

3.1.1 Topography ............................................................................................................................... 17 

3.1.2 Geology and Soils, Seismology ................................................................................................ 17 

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3.1.3 Hydrology and Climate ............................................................................................................. 17 

3.1.4 Water Resources ....................................................................................................................... 17 

3.2 Ecological Resources ....................................................................................................................... 17 

3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas .......................................................................................... 17 

3.2.2 Forests ....................................................................................................................................... 18 

3.3 Social and Cultural Resources ......................................................................................................... 18 

3.3.1 Population and Communities .................................................................................................... 18 

3.3.2 Health Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 18 

3.3.3 Educational Facilities ................................................................................................................ 18 

3.3.4 Socio-economic conditions ....................................................................................................... 18 

3.3.5 Physical or Cultural Heritage .................................................................................................... 19 

3.3.6 Employment .............................................................................................................................. 19 

3.3.7 Slums and Squatter Settlements ................................................................................................ 19 

3.4 Economic Development and Prospects for Growth ......................................................................... 19 

3.4.1 Land Use ................................................................................................................................... 19 

3.4 2 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................. 19 

3.4.3 Economic Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 20 

3.4.4 Development Organizations ...................................................................................................... 20 

3.4.5 Major Environmental Problems ................................................................................................ 21 

3.4.6 Health and Sanitation ................................................................................................................ 22 

CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................................................................ 23 

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .......................... 23 

4.1 Beneficial Impacts ........................................................................................................................... 23 

4.1.1 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 23 

4.1.2 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 23 

4.2 Adverse Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 24 

4.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase ............................................................................................................. 24 

4.2.2 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 25 

4.2.3 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 28 

CHAPTER V ............................................................................................................................................. 34 

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS ........................ 34 

5.1 Alternative in Project Location ........................................................................................................ 34 

5.2 Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials .................................... 34 

5.3 No Project Option ............................................................................................................................ 34 

CHAPTER VI ............................................................................................................................................ 35 

INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION .................................... 35 

6.1 Public Consultation .......................................................................................................................... 35 

6.2 Information Disclosure .................................................................................................................... 35 

CHAPTER VII ........................................................................................................................................... 37 

GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................................... 37 

CHAPTER VIII ......................................................................................................................................... 38 

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MATTERS TO BE MONITORED DURING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ...................... 38 

8.1 Mitigation and Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 38 

8.1.1 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 38 

8.1.2 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 38 

8.2 Environmental Procedures and Institutions ..................................................................................... 45 

8.3 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ............................................................................ 46 

8.4 Reporting Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 46 

8.5 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates ............................................................................................. 47 

8.6 Work Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 47 

CHAPTER IX ............................................................................................................................................ 49 

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 49 

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 50 

List of Tables

Table 1: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as per Annex 1

and Schedule G and Annex 3 Schedule H of Environment Protection Regulation 1997 Amendment 2007

Compared with the Situation of the Project ................................................................................................. 7 Table 2: Infrastructures needed for the Project .......................................................................................... 14 Table 3: Salient Features of Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project ......................................... 15 Table 4: Climatological record of Tanahu ................................................................................................. 17 Table 5: Industries in Project Area ............................................................................................................ 20 Table 6: Hotels in Project Area .................................................................................................................. 20 Table 7: Governmental Offices in the service area .................................................................................... 20 Table 8: Banks in the service area ............................................................................................................. 21 Table 9: Cooperatives in the Project Area ................................................................................................. 21 Table 10: Evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impacts .................................................................... 29 Table 11: Mitigation measures, responsible agencies and cost required ................................................... 31 Table 12: Summary of Public Consultation ............................................................................................... 35 Table 13: Monitoring Plan and Cost during construction Phase ................................................................ 39 Table 14: Monitoring Plan and Cost during Operation Phase ................................................................... 43 Table 15: Annual Environmental Cost ....................................................................................................... 47 Table 16: Project implementation schedule ............................................................................................... 48 List of Figures

Figure 1: Flow Diagram for Treatment Plant ............................................................................................. 12 Figure 2: Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................................................. 37 Figure 3: Organization of EMP .................................................................................................................. 46 

Annexes

Annex I: Approved TOR

Annex II: REA Checklist

Annex III: Location Map

Annex IV: Public Notice

Annex V: Deed of Inquiry

Annex VI: Minutes of Public Consultation

Annex VII: Recommendation Letter

Annex VIII: Survey Questionnaire

Annex IX: Water Quality Test Reports

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List of Abbreviations

ADB : Asian Development Bank

amsl : Above Mean Sea Level

CMA : Community Medical Auxiliary

DI : Ductile Iron

Dia. : Diameter

DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant

DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

EPA : Environmental Protection Act

EPR : Environmental Protection Rule

GI : Galvanized Iron

GoN : Government of Nepal

HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe

HHs : Households

IEE : Initial Environmental Examination

lpcd : Liter per capita per day

lps : Liter per second

MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development

NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard

NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority

NGO : Non-government Office

Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees

O&M : Operation and Maintenance

OD : Outer diameter

PMC : Project Management Consultant

PMO : Project Management Office

SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

TDF : Town Development Fund

VAT : Value Added Tax

VDC : Village Development Committee

WHO : World Health Organization

WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office

WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report

1.1.1 Name of the Proposal

1. The Name of the Proposal is Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

1.1.2 Name and Address of the Proponent

2. The Project proponent, Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) of

Government of Nepal, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), Ministry of Urban

Development (MoUD), is responsible for the preparation of IEE report.

Name of Proponent:

Project Management Office

Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

Ministry of Urban Development

Government of Nepal

Address of the Proponent:

Panipokari, Kathmandu

Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348

Fax: 977 1 4413280

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np

1.2 Basis and Extent of the IEE Study

3. In January 2000 the Government endorsed the 15-year Development Plan for Small Towns Water

Supply and Sanitation in order to improve health and economic and environmental living conditions

of people in small towns in Nepal. The Project embraces the community managed demand responsive

approach, where the community is involved in all aspects of planning and implementation of the town

projects. Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been providing financial assistance to this sector

project.

4. The first phase of the Project, whose duration was 2001 – 2008, has already been completed and the

people of 29 small towns have been benefitted by the Project. Upon the completion of the first phase

and after finding positive impacts of the Project, Government of Nepal decided to implement the

second phase, with the name, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

(SSTWSSSP). For the implementation, formulation, and operation and maintenance of the Project,

SSTWSSSP aims to have full participation of the users of the respective towns. The cost will also be

shared equally by the users and GON.

5. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the implementing agency of the Project

whereas Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) is the executive agency. The Project has many

stakeholders such as WUSC, Project Management Office (PMO) of DWSS, District Division Office,

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Town Development Fund (TDF), Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC), and local NGO

responsible for social mobilization, health and hygiene programme and preparation of social profiles.

6. Both the Nepali law and ADB policy require that the environmental implications of individual

developments are taken into account in the planning and decision making processes and that action is

taken to reduce the impacts to acceptable levels. This is done through environmental assessment

process, which has become an integral part of lending operations and Project development and

implementation.

1.2.1 ADB Policy

7. ADB’s Environment Policy requires environmental considerations to be incorporated into ADB

operations. Environmental assessment is the primary administrative tool to integrate environmental

considerations into decision-making of all types of development initiatives such as formulating

policies, programs, and development plans or projects to ensure that proposed development will have

minimal environmental impacts and be environmentally sound.

8. The nature of the assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its

environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale,

nature and magnitude of its potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective mitigation

measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to either

category A, B or C.

9. According to preliminary environmental screening and REA, the project is found to fall under

category B (Category B projects are those, which are judged to have some adverse environmental

impacts but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects). For these types of

projects IEE is required.

1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines

Law

Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)

10. The interim constitution of Nepal realized environmental protection as the policy of the state.

Clause (4) of Article (35) of the constitution states that ‘The State shall, while mobilizing the natural

resources and heritage of the country that might be useful and beneficial to the interest of the nation,

pursue a policy of giving priority to the local community’. The Clause (5) states that ‘The State shall

make necessary arrangements to maintain the natural environment. The State shall give priority to

special protection of the environment, and rare wildlife, and prevent further damage due to physical

development activities, by increasing awareness of the general public about environmental

cleanliness. Provision shall be made for the protection of the forest, vegetation and biodiversity, their

sustainable use and for equitable distribution of the benefits derived from them’.

Plan/Policies

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Policy, Strategy and Action Plan 2060 B.S. (2004

A.D.)

11. This provides guidance on water supply and sanitation service provision in rural areas using

community led participatory approaches. While partially relevant in the urban context,

particularly around the integration of inputs and local capacity building, it generally fails to

address the complex operational challenges to be faced by Municipal authorities in implementing

and managing urban services.

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Second Three Year Interim Plan 2068-71 B.S.

12. The interim plan provides the most recent guidance on urban sector priorities highlighting, in

particular, the need to address the effects of rapid urbanization on service levels, water quality and

scheme maintenance. It proposes the full integration of sewerage, on-site sanitation and solid waste

management in all urban schemes and specially endorses cost recovery from consumers. Local

authorities are responsible for overseeing project implementation but with private sector organizations

playing increasing roles.

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Policy 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)

13. This policy was recently formulated to provide an overall policy support and guidance towards

achieving equity in service delivery by ensuring that the financially marginalized households within

the system areas are mainstreamed as valid customers of service through design and implementation

of financial incentives where so required.

ADB’s “Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS)” 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)

14. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment,

Indigenous people and involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed

early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential

adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted

during project preparation and implementation

Acts and Regulations

Land Acquisition Act 2034 B.S. (1977 A.D.) and Rules 2026 (1969)

15. Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977) with amendment in 2049 (1993) guides the compulsory

acquisition of land in the country. The Land Acquisition Act and the Land Acquisition Rules are the

two main legal instruments that specify procedural matters of land acquisition and compensation.

Government can acquire land at any place in any quantity by giving compensation pursuant to the Act

for the land acquired for any public purposes or for operation of any development project initiated by

government institutions (Section 3 and 4). The powers given under these sections are very broad as

government is empowered to acquire any land in the name of public works. The Interim Constitution

of Nepal, 2007 in its Article 19 (2) directs the state to provide compensation for any property

requisitioned, acquired or encumbered by the State in implementing scientific land reform program or

in public interest in accordance with law.

Solid Waste Management Act 2011 (2068 BS)

16. The Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Centre has prepared a 'Solid Waste

Management Act' for managing increasing garbage in the city. The Act is related for sustainable

management of garbage and to minimize the negative impacts of garbage on environment and public

health. According to the act, the local agency will manage garbage under the public and private

partnership concept. The Act has provisions for segregation of garbage according to its nature and for

managing hazardous, industrial, medical and domestic wastes accordingly. Provisions of complete

responsibility to local bodies and strict punishment have also been proposed in the act for effective

monitoring system.

Water Resources Act 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.) and Regulation, 2050 B.S. (1993A.D.)

17. Water Resource Act is an umbrella act governing water resource management. It declares the

order of priority of water use; vests ownership of water in the state; prohibits water pollution; and

provides for the formation of Water User Association and system of licensing. The Regulation sets

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out the procedure to register a WUA and to obtain a license and sets out the rights and obligations of

WUA and license holders.

Water Tax Act 2023 (1966)

18. Under the Act, the water user who use water through a tap distributed by the government is

obliged to pay water tax as fixed by prevalent laws and charges are levied if the tax is not paid

within the time as fixed by the law.

Labor Act 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.)

19. The Labor Act, 1992, which is executed by Ministry of Labor, is the main regulation regulating

the working environment. Chapter 5 of this Act deals with occupational health and safety. Section 27

of Chapter 5 requires the management to make certain arrangements such as the removal of waste

accumulated during production process and prevention of accumulation of dust, fume, vapor, and

other impure materials, which would adversely affect health of workers. Sections 28 and 29 require

management to provide protective clothing and devices to workers handling chemical substances and

other hazardous and explosive substances. In order to prevent accidents, section 30 of the Act requires

the proprietor to make arrangements for fire safety equipment and emergency equipment while

section 31 requires the placement of sturdy fences around hazardous machines and equipment

operated by energy.

Forest Act 2049 (1992 A.D.) and Regulations 2050 (1993 A.D.)

20. The Forest Act, 1992 (with amendments) and its Rules 1993 contains several provisions to ensure

the development, conservation, management and sustainable use of forest resources. The Act

categories the forest into five categories viz.; state managed forest, community forest, leasehold

forest, private forest and religious forest.

21. The Act in general, prohibits the use of forest areas for development projects, but its Article 68

empowers GoN to issue permission to use the required portion of forest for development with the

assurance that it does not significantly affect the environment. Based on Forest Legislation, GoN has

legally protected thirteen plant species. The Regulation further elaborates legal measures for the

conservation of forests and wild animals.

Environmental Protection Act 2053 B.S. (1997 A.D.) Regulations 2054 (1997 A.D.) with

Amendment

22. The act requirement prescribed developmental projects to carry out Initial Environmental

Examination and such projects cannot be implemented without approval from the Ministry of Urban

Development. The proponent is required to submit Proposal with the report and the Ministry has to

grant approval of the proposal after opinions and suggestions by the general-public and by an expert

committee formed by the Ministry. The act also has the provision such that nobody can create

pollution beyond prescribed limits or standards; or nobody can cause significant adverse impacts to

the environment to safeguard to public life and health. The EPR elaborates provisions to prepare and

submit the Terms of Reference (TOR) and IEE report for approval and includes public consultation

processes. As per the EPR, the Environmental Assessment report, in general, should include detailed

information on impacts and environmental protection measures, including implementation plan,

monitoring and evaluation. Public consultation is a pre-requisite in all the prescribed projects. The

provisions of the act and regulations are directly related to the project and hence these provisions have

been considered in the design and proposed implementation.

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Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.) and Regulations 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.)

23. The Local Self-Governance Act, 1999 empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil,

forest, and other natural resources and implementation of environmental conservation activities. The

Village Development Committees (VDCs), Municipalities and District Development Committees

(DDCs) are mandated to take up the responsibilities of formulation and implementation of programme

relating to protection of environment and bio-diversity, and to give adequate priority for the protection

of environment during the formulation of local level plans and programme. The Regulation has

provisions for VDCs, District Development Committee DDCs and municipalities to coordinate and

implement development projects/programs and to provide approval or clearance of the proposed

project.

Drinking Water Regulations 2055 B.S. (1998 A.D.)

24. This regulation regulates the use of drinking water and deals with the control of water pollution

and maintenance of quality standards for drinking water. It also sets out the conditions of service

utilization by consumers.

Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act 2056 B.S. (2001 A.D.)

25. Section 3 of the act prohibits a child from engaging in work, sub clause 1 of the clause 3 states

“Nobody shall engage in work a child who has not completed fourteen years of age as a labor and sub

clause 2 states “Nobody shall engage a child in a risk full occupation or work set forth in the

Schedule”. The section 4 states “Child not to be engaged in work against his will by temptation or fear

or pressure or by any other means”.

Town Development Act 2045 (1988 A.D.)

26. The Act has provisions about the formation of town development committee in any town area to

implement town planning and in carrying out the developmental and reconstruction work of that town.

27. Clauses 9 of town development act empowers the town development committee to regulate,

control or prohibit any act which has an adverse effect on public health or the aesthetics of the town,

or in any way pollutes the environment. It contains penalty provision in the form of fines for the

violation of the Act.

Nepal Water Supply Corporation Act 1989 (and amendments) & Water Supply Management

Board Act, 2006 & Water Supply Tariff Fixation Commission Act 2006

28. These acts facilitate the improved management of water and sanitation services. They establish

the legal basis for private sector management of schemes and independent fee setting and regulation

applicable to all urban schemes.

Standards and Guidelines

National EIA Guidelines 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.)

29. GON has developed and adopted National EIA guidelines in 1993, under which projects and

programs are categorized as either requiring Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This also includes scoping, preparation of ToR for

IEE/EIA, Methods of IEE/EIA report, Impact identification, prediction, impact mitigation measures,

review of draft EIA report, impact monitoring, evaluation of impact studies, impact auditing,

community participation and schedules & annexes to IEE and EIA. Environmental Protection Act,

1997 and the Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997, were brought into force aiming at

mainstreaming of the integration of environmental aspects in development projects and programs.

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National Drinking Water Quality Standards 2062 B.S (2005 A.D.)

30. These standards provide details of the water quality standards to be applied to all water supply

schemes. These set out the water quality parameters, which the water suppliers should adhere to. The

directives also ensures that the water sampling, testing and analysis procedures used to certify that the

drinking water supplied or to be supplied conforms to the NDWQS and also sets the monitoring and

surveillance procedures to certify that the quality of supplied water conforms to the standards.

Water Resources Strategy, 2055 B.S. (2002 A.D.)

31. In order to make water resource development comprehensive, systematized and accelerate the

process of development, Government of Nepal issued Water Resource Strategy in 2002. With the goal

of meeting its water supply needs and achieving long-term sustainability, the Water Resources

Strategy aims to meet this need by providing a systematic framework for water resources

development and identifying action plans to avoid and resolve conflicts, and achieve Nepal’s water-

related development objectives.

1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of Environmental Study

32. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological,

socioeconomic and cultural environment of the project area and to propose mitigation measures to

avoid, mitigate, reduce and minimize such impacts. The specific objectives of the proposed IEE study

include to:

• To identify, predict and evaluate the potential beneficial and adverse impacts of the project on

the physical, biological and socio-economical resources in the project area • To suggest enhancement measures to augment the benefits of the project and to propose

suitable mitigation measures to avoid, minimize and compensate the adverse impacts of the

project • To prepare appropriate Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) • To inform public about the proposed project and its impact on their livelihood • To prepare an IEE as per the EPR, 1997

1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project

33. The Proposed Water Supply and Sanitation Project is intended to serve whole households of

wards 2, 10 and 11 and partial portion of ward 1 of Vyas municipality. It is expected that on

implementation of the project the users of the area will be able to avail from adequate amount of safe

drinking water and need not resort the use of unsafe water. The project needs to go through IEE

process as stipulated in EPR 1997 (Amendments 1999 and 2007). The proposed project shall rely on

spring and river water source. The Project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of

people or households, there is no need to settle any households above the gravity source, and

construction of river training works is also not required. The project is expected to benefit a design

population of about 33,085.

34. As the proposed project falls within the definitions provided in the EPR 1997 (Amendments 1999

and 2007) Annex 1(G) for drinking water projects; only an IEE shall be necessary. The regulation

stated in Annex 1 (H) shall only be applicable, if the proposal does not fall under categories (A)

through (H) of Annex 3. Table 2.1 compares the status of the project point by point against the

conditions defined by EPA 1997 and EPR 1997 (and its amendments 2007) for which a drinking

water would require IEE or EIA.

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Table 1: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as

per Annex 1 and Schedule G and Annex 3 Schedule H of Environment Protection Regulation

1997 Amendment 2007 Compared with the Situation of the Project

S.N. Condition described in the

Act and Regulations

IEE Required

as per the

Regulation

Annex 1 G

EIA Required

as per the

Regulation

Annex 3 H

Conditions in the

Project

1 River Control (Training) Up to 1

Kilometer

Over 1

Kilometer

NA

2 Channeling water from one

watershed to another

Applicable Applicable NA

3 Rain water collection and use

of spewing wetland

Up to 200

hectares

More than 200

hectares

NA

4 Supply of water in dry season

from surface water with a safe

yield of

Up to 1 cusec

and utilizing up

to 50% of the

available

quantity

More than 1

cusec and

utilizing the

total available

quantity

Within the Limit

5 Ground water Recharge Up to 50% of

total aquifer

More than 50%

of aquifer

NA

6 Water Treatment Up to 25 liter per

sec

More than 25

liter per sec

Within the Limit

7 Construction of tunnel for

Channeling drinking water

Tunnel

constructed

NA

8 Water Resource Development

which displaces people

permanent residents

25 to 100 people Over 100 people NA

9 Settlement of people upstream

of water source

Settlement of up

to 500 people

Settlement of

above 500

people

NA

10 Supply of water to a

population of

5,000 to 50,000 Over 50,000 The water supply

system is designed for

distribution of water

to a total of

population 33,085

11 Connection of New Source to

supply water to existing water

supply system for a population

of

More than

100,000

The current

population of the

project is 20,017 and

the design population

is 33,085

12 Operation of a drinking water

supply system with inclusion

of sewage disposal system

with sewage treatment system

Included NA

13 Extraction of ground water

from sources which are located

at point and non-point sources

of biological and chemical

Applicable NA

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pollution and/or their

influenced areas

14 Operation of water supply

project included in a

multipurpose project utilizing

a source of 25 liter per sec

water. (Construction of

Multiple Purpose Reservoir

Required)

Applicable This is not a

multipurpose project

and is solely for water

supply.

Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.

1.2.5 Approach and Methodology

35. The present Initial Environmental Examination report has been prepared based on the Terms of

Reference (TOR) approved by the Ministry of Urban Development, of the Government of Nepal. The

study has followed the provisions outlined in the Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and

Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997 and SPS, 2009 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

Data collection was initiated in January/February 2013 by the consultancy’s Environmental team

along with Civil engineer and Sociologist. The major activities undertaken during the preparation of

IEE are outlined below.

Desk Study and Literature Review

36. A desk review was carried out with the following steps:

Collection and review of secondary sources of information from various sources

37. Secondary information was collected through published and unpublished reports and

interpretation of maps and photographs. The sources of information were District Development

Committee (DDC), District Forest Office (DFO), other line agencies, related NGOs and other project

offices in the district.

Delineation of the geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence area on the topo-map

38. For the geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence (ZoI), whole area of wards 2, 10 and 11

and partial portion of ward 1 of Vyas municipality is taken. Construction areas including intake

structures, reservoir tanks, transmission and distribution pipes lying areas, office building and

operator/guard house are considered to be under direct influence area and remaining area is

considered to be under indirectly influenced area.

Preparation of a project specific checklist

39. A checklist was prepared as per REA checklist of ADB along with survey questionnaire to collect

physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment-related information in the field, as

given in Annex II and Annex VIII.

Field survey and Data Collection

40. Primary data was collected through the field survey within the different settlements of Vyas

Municipality. The following tools/research instruments were used for the collection of primary data:

• Public consultation - To conduct consultation with the local communities at different

settlements, with key informants and other knowledgeable persons. This was managed to

collect biological, socio-economic and cultural environment-related information. • Topographical map - This map was used to show environmental features on the map during

the walkthrough survey.

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• Photographs - Necessary photographs were taken to show different environmental features

and affected structures.

Compilation of existing information, impact identification and prediction

41. The information collected from different sources were processed and analyzed according to the

physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment within the ZoI. The secondary data

collected was used as the major source for verification and crosschecking of primary data during the

field survey. The generated information from the primary source was analyzed and tabulated.

42. Based on identification of the impacts, their predictions were done to forecast the changes in local

environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by using various methods, such

as trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert judgment, etc.

Mitigation Measures and Management Plan

43. Based on the identified impacts, the mitigation and monitoring prescriptions were developed. A

realistic approach was applied for the application of the mitigation measures in the local context. An

environmental monitoring and management plan was developed to assess the effectiveness of the

mitigation measures and implementation status.

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Chapter II

Description of the Project

2.1 Existing Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Infrastructure

2.1.1 Water Supply Facility

44. In addition to the Damauli water supply system serving ward numbers 2, 10 and 11, there are a

number of schemes serving the population of other wards of the Municipality. DWSO is

implementing a number of projects to augment the supply and expand the distribution networks of

these schemes. But due to lack of adequate yearly budget the implementation progress is slow.

45. Two scheme viz. Gunadi gravity system and Madi River pumping scheme are supplying water in

the proposed service area. During Monsoon when the Madi River water pumping is stopped due to the

presence of heavy silt and turbidity, the Gunadi source water is the only source of water. Presently

Gunadi source is estimated to supply 7 lps of water in dry season and 11 lps of water in wet season.

Madi River source supply (pumping) is nil in Monsoons. In dry seasons 10 lps is pumped for 12 hours

to 20 hours depending on the load shedding hours. However this amount of water supply is inadequate

to meet the high demand rate of the town.

46. The proposed service area has properly managed and operated water supply system. The water

production, distribution, meter reading, revenue collection, routine repair and maintenance are a

regular feature of the system management. Primary treatment facilities consist of a sedimentation tank

followed by a roughening filter. However when the river water has high turbidity, this plant does not

function well. Though the visible surface leakages are timely repaired, the proper procedure of leak

repair is not followed and sub-surface leakages go unnoticed and hence left unrepaired.

47. Many households who are deprived of connection and/or have not enough water from their

connection have resorted to pumping water from sump well built along rivers are getting polluted

water.

2.1.2 Sanitation Facility

48. The household survey shows that all houses in the service area have toilet(s) and septic tanks as a

primary mean to treat and dispose the human waste. In fact it is mandatory to house owners to build

septic tanks in their premises to obtain Municipality approval for the construction of houses.

However, there is only one public toilet (near bus stop) and many more are needed to be built at

places of public assembly. Municipality had tried to construct a few public toilets in the past without

success due to strong opposition from the neighboring resident of the location proposed for toilet

construction.

49. The existing practice of human excreta and feces management is use of septic tanks. However, in

most cases the septic tanks are not properly designed and constructed. The sludge from the septic

tank, when full, is pumped out into a truck mounted tank and disposed in to open field and river banks

without any kind of treatment.

2.1.3 Drainage Facility

50. Surface drains exist on the sides of most of the black topped and graveled roads. As Damauli is

already an improved and fast growing municipality, the Municipality office has been improving road

surfaces and putting side drains along such roads. The surface drains are discharged in to Buldi and

Madi rivers. The topography of the town is suitable for efficient drainage.

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2.1.4 Solid Waste Management

51. Vyas Municipality Office is responsible to collect solid waste from the street and transport it to

the dumping sites along the Madi river banks to be washed away in Monsoon. According to the

sample survey results solid waste from 81.41 % of the households are collected by Municipality. The

private solid waste service provider collects solid waste from 6.53 % of the households and dump

along the Madi River and Buldi Khola banks. The rest of the households dump their solid wastes into

pits on their premises.

52. The streets and public places are manually swept for liters by municipal sweepers each day in the

early morning which are collected in a tractor drawn trailer for dumping. Households bring their

trashes out to dump into the garbage collection tractor.

2.2 Type, Category and Need of the Project

53. The Vyas Small Town WSP has been conceptualized as a piped, gravity water supply system,

considering surface water at Madi Khola and renovation of existing Gunadi Spring (surface water

source) as the source with conventional treatment system plan including grit removal chamber,

sedimentation tank and slow sand filter treatment system with ground reservoirs for distribution. The

system has been formulated to provide reliable and continuous 24 hours drinking water supply in

adequate quantity and quality to the consumers at desired service level.

54. With the expansion of the population due to rapid urbanization, the supply of water from existing

schemes has become too low as compared to the demand. The quality of water supplied is also not

satisfactory especially during the rainy season when the turbidity is very high.

55. The WUSC and members of different political parties expressed that need of drinking water is

their top priority and they assured that beneficiaries are ready to pay their part of contribution. The

study of the project area indicates that the community in the project area is aware of quality of water

for drinking purpose and are paying requisite tariff as affixed by WUSC. They are not satisfied in

terms of quality and quantity of water delivered.

2.3 Size or Magnitude of Operation

56. The scheme is designed for a base population of 13,545 (year 2015) and a design year population

of 20,489 (in the year 2029). Existing Gunadi water supply scheme will be renovated and beside this,

water will be tapped from Madi River for providing water to the service area.

2.4 Proposed Schedule for Implementation

57. Major project activities are construction and installation of

• Surface sources and intakes

• Generator and Generator shed

• Pumping system

• Transmission mains

• Treatment facilities

• Reservoirs

• Distribution mains

• House connection

• Water quality testing facility

• Office building

• Guard Quarter/Operator House

• Boundary wall etc.

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58. The work will be contracted to a contractor, the standard procedure for selection and tendering

will be followed as per the norms of the Fiscal Act and Regulations. These will comprise of tendering

and approval of contract; presentation of security performance, field mobilization of workers,

technicians, and professional of the contractor; procurement and transportation of materials,

installation of structural works, mechanical works, pipe works and commissioning works.

2.5 Description of Project

2.5.1 Water Source

59. Two different surface water sources Gunadi Spring and Madi River will be used for this project.

In case of Gunadi Spring source, the existing water supply scheme will be renovated where as new

designs are needed for Madi River source.

60. The water quality test report shows presence of E-coli in both (Gunadi & Madi) sources.

Turbidity and Iron in Madi water sample exceeded the prescribed NDWQS. The water quality test

reports of samples collected at various points are attached in Annex IX.

2.5.2 Water Treatment Facilities

61. All urban water supplies must meet the National Drinking Quality Standards (NDWQS). In order

to meet the National Drinking Water Quality Standards, all sources of supply will require proper

treatment for the removal of turbidity, physical and chemical impurities and bacteriological removal

followed by disinfection by chlorination. One of the two sources, namely Madi River, will require

elaborate treatment to eliminate sand, silt and turbidity and bacteriological impurities. Both Madi and

Gunadi water source presence of e-coli bacteria which indicate fecal contamination.

62. The Madi river source water treatment plant will be located at Katpani owned by WUSC. The

treated water will be discharged into three water storage tank (one new 250 cum at the new site, one

new 400 cum at the existing site, and one old 500 cum at existing site and on new 100 cum at higher

ground above existing site.)

Figure 1: Flow Diagram for Treatment Plant

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Madi River → Sub-surface infiltration → Collector well/sump well → pumping (15 lps initially) →

plain sedimentation tank → roughening filter → slow sand filters → 4 balancing reservoirs

(250/400/500/100 cum) → chlorination → distribution

63. The Gunadi water treatment plant will be located at the existing sedimentation/roughening

filter/water storage tank site. (The treated water will be discharged into the existing 500 cum water

reservoir tank.)

Gunadi source (7 lps) → existing sedimentation tank → existing roughening filter → slow sand filter

→ existing storage reservoir (500 cum) → Chlorination → Distribution

2.5.3 Service Reservoirs

64. Three new service reservoirs are proposed to be constructed at different locations to serve

different part of the service area. The reservoirs will be partly underground and partly above ground

constructed of RCC in round shapes.

65. RVT 1: At the new treatment plant site a new service reservoir of 250 cum is proposed to serve

ward no 11. The water demand of the reservoir service area is 8.5 lps. Based on consumption patter

prescribed by the PMO design guidelines the calculated deficit of cumulative supply and demand is

233 cum. Therefore the reservoir tank size is kept at 250 cum. The size of the reservoir is filled in 10

hours at night.

66. RVT 2: At the existing reservoir site a new reservoir of 400 cum is proposed. The new reservoir

In combination with the existing 500 cum RCC storage tank will serve the lower area of ward number

2, 10 and 11 (the main consumption area). The water demand of the reservoir service area is 30.0 lps.

Based on consumption pattern prescribed by the PMO design guidelines the calculated deficit of

cumulative supply and demand for the service area is 821 cum. Therefore the reservoir tank size is

kept at 900 cum. The new and existing service reservoir will provide this capacity. The size of the

reservoir is filled in 10 hours at night.

67. RVT 3: At the upper ground of existing water storage tank site a new service reservoir of 100 cum

is proposed to serve upper settlement of ward no 11. The water demand of the reservoir service area is

2.5 lps. Based on the consumption patter prescribed by the PMO design guidelines the calculated

deficit of cumulative supply and demand is 69 cum. Therefore the reservoir tank size is kept at 100

cum. The size of the reservoir is filled in 10 hours at night.

68. The existing reservoir of capacity 500 cum will also be used for the project.

2.5.4 Pipe Line

69. Alignments of the proposed pipelines have been fixed. The distribution network follows the tracks

and roads as far as possible and no land acquisition is needed for the project.

Transmission Line

70. The existing transmission pipes (two parallel lines of 110 mm dia HDPE) of Gunadi source will

be left intact except for partial replacement at the intake and reservoir ends. The Gunadi water will be

discharged to existing water storage tank by gravity as before. At the intake end, about 1125 m length

of exposed worn out pipes of both lines laid along the water rivulet will be replaced with 125 mm OD

of HDPE and 400 m of GI pipes of dia 125 mm. Similarly about 675 m of one of the pipeline, which

has been use by WUSC for carrying water pumped from the existing tube well, will be replaced by

HDPE pipe of 125 mm OD.

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71. The existing 150 mm diameter GI transmission pipe used to carry pumped water from the Madi

River will be abandoned completely and a new transmission pipe line will be constructed to deliver

pumped water to new treatment plant site. Most of the length of new pipe will take the new route and

will be longer than the existing transmission pipeline. The existing pipe at the common route is also

un-usable because the size is not adequate to carry new design demand and the pipes are already old

enough requiring replacement

Distribution Networks

72. The existing distribution network is proposed to be replaced by a new network designed for the

design year demand of water for the projected population. New unserved area has also been provided

with new distribution pipelines. The existing distribution pipelines comprising of mostly HDPE pipes

will not be able to sustain higher design pressure as they have been joined by traditional technique of

hand pressure (lately mechanical jack were used) and heating plate (burner lamp or electrically

heated). New pipes will be joined by electro-fusion technique using a hydraulic jack in order to make

them able to withstand rated high water pressure.

73. The pipes will be of HDPE varying in sizes from 50 to 160 mm OD in varying pressure rating as

per NS. The smallest pipe diameter used will be 50 mm and the lowest pressure rating of pipes will be

6 kg/sqcm provided that they are available (smaller pipe sizes are available in pressure ratings higher

than 6 kg/sqcm). The total length of distribution network is 63 km.

74. As far as possible the distribution pipelines will be laid on both sides of the black top roads. They

will be located at the outer edges of the road surfaces. The foot paths shall be used later for laying

small bore sewers.). As most of the road surfaces in Damauli are black topped, high cost of road

surface reinstatement will be involved.

2.5.5 Other System Appurtenance

75. The distribution network is small in comparison to any big size town and cities, therefore the

concept of district metering will not be feasible and desirable. Provision of metering at the outlet of

distribution reservoirs and the billed amount of water will be able to give a good picture of non-

revenue water in the distribution network. Desired numbers of control scour and air valves will be

provided in the network for smooth network operation.

Table 2: Infrastructures needed for the Project

Infrastructure Function Description Location

Intake Structures Tapping and diversion of

water from surface water

source

A Weir to take in

water from the stream

and a settlement

tank/sump well for

insoluble particles

Existing at Gunadi river

near Gunadi Village and

new at Madi river 100 m

upstream from Madi

Bridge

Treatment Facilities Remove turbidity and

bacteria from water

Different chambers

and tanks like Grit

removal tank,

Sedimentation Tank,

Roughening Filter and

Slow Sand Filter for

surface water and

Aeration and Pressure

Filter for ground

Treatment facility for

Madi River water at

Katpani and for Gunadi

stream at existing

sedimentation/roughening

filter/water storage tank

site

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water

Reservoirs Collect and store water Covered RCC tanks RVT 1 at Katpani, RVT 2

and 3 at existing reservoir

site

Transmission Mains Transfer water from the

source to the Treatment

/storage tank

GI, DI and HDPE

pipes of size 100 to

250 mm

From source to

treatment/storage tank

Distribution Mains Transmission of water

from the

Storage/distribution

tanks to the service area

houses

GI, DI and HDPE

pipes of size 50 to

300 mm

All over service area

House Connection Connecting households

with distribution mains

GI pipe of size 15 to

25 mm

All over service area

Office Building Administrative purpose One and half storey

building with five

rooms

Ward 11 near exising

reservoir tanks

Guard/Operator

House

House for guard and

other operating works

Two one storey

building with three

rooms including toilet

One near existing

reservoir tank and one at

Katpani

Table 3: Salient Features of Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

1. Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

2. Scheme Name: Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Damauli

3. Service Area: Includes the settlements of Vyas Municipality as follows:

Wd No 1 Settlements named as Galbubesi

Wd No 2 All Settlements such as Male Bagar, Bag Bazaar, Bhorle Chowk, Ganesh Man

Chowk, Dangre Kholsi, Naya Sadak, Padam chowk, Satyabati tole, Malpot line, Safa sadak ko

Pashchim (west), Kalika Marg, Prithvi Highway Area, Sadak Parivar, Purano Bank etc.

Wd No 10 All settlements like Bishghare, Shanti Nagar, Bidhut (NEA) office area, Nim

chowk area, Southern area of Nagarpalika, DSP Office to Vetinary office line, Eastern area of

the Safa sadak, Deuralinagar, Parasar etc.

Wd No 11 Settlements like Bagbhanjhyang, Chure Khola, Biral tar, Simal Tar, Jure

Pani, Bagbajar, Birta Chhetra, Chhurekhola chhetra, Jal devi tole, Water supply Tank tole

(Sankhar area), Prithvi High way line area, Menaka Cinema hall area, Northern area of Bhorle

tar ckowk, NEA sub-station area and Barahi (Kankai) boarding School area.

4. Scheme Type: Gravity and Pumping system for both options.

5. Design Flow (base year):

15 Lps 24 Hr. Pumping per day from Madi River and 7 LPS from gravity

6. Source Discharge Measurement

Proposed Sources

Measured Discharge

(LPS)

Safe Yield

(LPS) Taps Flow (LPS)

Gunadi Source

Madi Source

12 lps

Plenty

8 lps

Plenty

7 lps

34.0 lps

7. Designed Period: 15 years (1 year preparation, 2 year construction and 15 years design period)

8. Household No. Survey Year: 2751

9. Growth rate: 3% per Annum

10. Permanent population:

Survey Year 2012 Base Year 2015 Design Year 2029

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12,396 13,545 20,489

11. Water Demand at design year (lpd) Domestic: 28, 67,633 liters

Non – domestic demand (adopts 10 % of domestic demand, which includes demand for rental

population, Institutional, Industrial/commercial, fire demand etc.):- 2, 86,763 Liters

Leakage and wastage (Approximately 10% of total demand etc.): 3, 50,488 Liters

Total: 35, 04,885 Liters

12. Structure Required

Description Quantity

Spring Intake maintenance 1

Collector Well with Radial Pipe 1

Sump Well for Lifting water 1

Generator house(no) 1

Operator / Guard house 2

Fire Hydrant 4

Boundary wall for compounding 1

Sedimentation tank 1

Roughening Filter 1

Slow sand filter for Madi & Gunadi source 2

Chlorine Dosing Unit 2

Transmission main (KM) 2.8

Distribution Main (KM) 63

Pipeline for Gunadi (KM) 1.8

Size of Transmission Main

GI main(mm) 100 – 125

HDPE(mm) 110-160

DI(m) (mm) 150-250

Size of Distribution Line

GI main(mm) 15-100

HDPE(mm) 50-160

DI(m) (mm) 150-250

Ground Storage Tank (400 Cum) 1

Ground Storage Tank(250 Cum) 1

Ground Storage Tank(100 Cum) 1

Concrete valve chamber(No) 37

Pipe valve box (No) 173

HH fully plumb and yard connection (Base year) 3006

Institutional Connection 69

WUSC/Office/Lab building(no.) 1

Electrical Works 1

Mechanical Works 1

Re-instate of Black Topped Road (KM) 17

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Chapter III

Description of the Environment

3.1 Physical Resources

3.1.1 Topography

76. The project area is located within 27o59’18’ N, 84

o15’40”E and 27

o58’07”N, 84

o16’25”E with

average elevation of 358 m in between Madi River and Buldi Khola which finally drain to Seti River.

The project area is densely populated and is the district headquarter of Tanahu District. The area is

located in between Mugling and Pokhara. Prithvi Highway passes across the project area.

3.1.2 Geology and Soils, Seismology

77. The project area lies in Lesser Himalaya Zone. Dolomite is the predominant rock of the project

area. Slate, Phyllite and quartzite are also found within the project area. No landslide is noticed in the

nearby vicinity.

3.1.3 Hydrology and Climate

78. The Project area lies in Sub-Tropical Climatic Zone. Climatological data of Tanahu is given in

table 4 below

Table 4: Climatological record of Tanahu

Mean Temperature oC Precipitation mm (1971-2000) Rainfall in mm

2007 2008 2009 2010 Annual Monsoon Winter Pre monsoon Post monsoon 2007 2008 2009 2010

23.7 23.3 23.8 23.8 2328.8 1707.3 67.1 464 90.4 2151 2122 2979 1877

Source (Dept. of Hydrology & Meteorology)

79. Seti, Madi and Buldi Rivers are the major rivers of the project area and all the catchment water is

drained to Seti River which flows towards south of the Project area.

3.1.4 Water Resources

Surface water and Quality

80. In case of surface water, Madi River is the major source of water within the project area where all

the catchment water is drained and lies towards the west. Buldi river is also a good source for water.

However water quality of these rivers is not good enough for utilizing as drinking water purpose

without some treatment facilities. There are few springs within the project area yielding sufficient

water that can be harnessed for municipal supply. The only reliable source is Gunadi spring which is

utilized at present.

Water quality of surface water is given in Annex IX. The project area does not have good ground

water source.

3.2 Ecological Resources

3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas

81. There are no National Parks or protected areas within the Project area. However the Project lies

near some community forests.

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3.2.2 Forests

82. All the project activities lie in the settlement region. However it is noticed that there are some

community forests within the municipality that can be affected by project activities if not monitored

strictly.

Flora

83. Major tree species in the forest are Sal (Shorea robusta), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) and Simal

(Bombax ceiba). Other trees like Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Kyamun (Hadychium ellipticum), Amala

(Phyllanthus emblica) and Valayo (Semecarpus anacardium) are also found in few numbers. Sal trees

are the dominant species.

Fauna

84. Jackal (Canis aureus), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Malsapro (Martes foina), Hare (Caprolaus

hispidus), Monkey (Macaca mulatta) etc. are the animal species found in the nearby forest.

3.3 Social and Cultural Resources

3.3.1 Population and Communities

85. The project area is highly urbanized and consists of dense settlements covering whole households

of wards 2, 10 and 11 and partial portion of ward 1 of Vyas Municipality. In total 2238 households are

being benefited by the project with total population of 17,765 including rental populations (33.5%).

The population of male comprises 49% and female population comprises 51% which is almost equal.

The average family size is 5.27. The majority of the beneficiaries are Janajatis (51%) and

Bramin/Chhetri (36%). Population of Dalits and Others (Muslim and Madhesi) consists of 7% and

6%.respectively.

3.3.2 Health Facilities

86. There are nine hospitals with outdoor patient services and 4 hospitals with indoor and outdoor

facilities in the service area. There are sufficient medical stores and private clinics in project area. In

case of serious health problem local people go to Pokhara, Bharatpur and Kathmandu for treatment.

3.3.3 Educational Facilities

There are 6 higher secondary schools, 7 secondary level schools, 2 lower secondary school and 10

primary level schools in the project area. The status of literacy of the project area is better than the

national figure. The illiterate percentage of the population is only 8%.The majority of the population

have secondary level education status. Similarly, the population with graduation is 11% and

population with Master degree is 5%.

3.3.4 Socio-economic conditions

87. Most of the households are dependent on business and trade. The study (socio economic survey-

2069) shows 31% households are fully dependent on business and trade. Similarly 29% of the people

are depended on different services.

88. Land ownership status of household is satisfactory, i.e. 87% have land ownership. Similarly, 44%

of houses belong to price group of more than 50 lakhs and 16% households belong to 35-49 lakhs

price category. Only 2% of houses belong to price group of less than 4 lakhs. The income level of

people is also better, 71% household have more than Nrs.15000 monthly income and 11% households

have average income in between Nrs. 10000 to Nrs. 15000. Similarly, 9% households have average

monthly income in between of Nrs.6001 to 10,000.

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3.3.5 Physical or Cultural Heritage

89. There are no remarkable cultural and physical heritage sites within the project area.

3.3.6 Employment

90. The project area consists of an urban setting and hence employment nature of people are also

influenced by the urban environment. Most of the people (31%) are involved in trade and business.

Similarly 29% of the people are being engaged in various services. 10% of the people are depended

on remittance and 5% are involved as wage labor. Only 2% of the people within the service area are

involved in agriculture.

3.3.7 Slums and Squatter Settlements

91. The Project area is over crowed but no slums and squatter settlements exists.

3.4 Economic Development and Prospects for Growth

3.4.1 Land Use

92. The agriculture land is being fragmented due to population growth, land plotting for house

construction, construction of roads, market centers and public facilities. Settlements are being

developed along the highway, urban roads and potential growth centers. Most of the private land is

used as built up area.

3.4 2 Infrastructure

Transportation

93. The service municipality lies along the Prithvi Highway and urban roads are also being upgraded

from earthen to gravel and black topped. Almost all settlements are linked by roads.

Drinking Water Supply

94. The existing water supply system serves 80% households with private connection. Similarly, 11%

households fetch water from public taps, 7% from wells and 2% households depend on streams.

During the household survey most of the people showed dissatisfaction regarding to quality,

availability and service quality of the existing water supply system. Most of the people rely on Madi

and Buldi khola for washing clothes and bathing.

Surface Drainage, Sanitation and Sewerage

95. Most of the urban roads do have facility for surface drainage but are inadequately designed for

handling monsoon rains. Similarly, almost all houses have toilet facilities but with inappropriate

septage tank and soak pit system which leads to soil and ground water contamination. There are few

public toilets to handle the high influx of people. Due to the rapid population growth in the service

area, upgradation of the facilities of surface drainage, sewerage and solid waste management is a

significant requisite for healthy and hygienic environment.

Electricity

96. The service area is connected with the national grid of NEA.

Communications

97. The network of mobile phone is of moderate quality. Landline phones are available along with

internet facility. There is one post office within the project area.

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3.4.3 Economic Characteristics

Industries

98. There are no big industries within the project area besides some cottage industries. The name,

location and types of industries established in project area are illustrated in Table 5.

Table 5: Industries in Project Area

SN Name of Industry No of Staff

1 Vyas Blovk Udhyog 7

2 Karki Cement Block Udhyog 9

3 Kalika block Udhyog 11

4 Amrit Dalmoth Udhyog 4

5 Vyas Sweet and Pickle Udhyog 3

6 Gandaki Food Production 6

7 Sulba Dalmoth Udhyog 5

8 Milan Shoes Udhyog 3

9 Laxmi chalk Udhyog 2

The project area comprises of many hotels and lodges too (Table 6)

Table 6: Hotels in Project Area

Ward No. No of hotels No. of Beds

1 3 19

2 39 468

10 13 117

11 20 280

Total 75 884

Agricultural Development

99. The project is located in the urban area and there are few agricultural land with low percentage of

people (2%) involved in agricultural activities.

Mineral Development

100. No extraction of mineral resources are noticed within the Project area.

Tourism Development

101. The Project area is not suitable for tourism development. However there are some tourism

development centers near the project area like Vyas cave and Chabdi Barahi temple.

3.4.4 Development Organizations

102. There are many development organizations within the project area. Major organizations are

mentioned in tables 7 to 9.

Table 7: Governmental Offices in the service area

SN Name Ward No. of Staff

1 District Administration Office Vyas 10 17

2 Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office Vyas 2 20

3 Office of District development Committee Vyas 2 45

4 District Technical Office Vyas 10 18

5 District Forest Office Vyas 11 13

6 District Agriculture Development Office Vyas 11 17

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SN Name Ward No. of Staff

7 District Soil Conservation Office Vyas 2 11

8 Kosh Tatha Lekha Niyantrak Office Vyas 10 9

9 District Livestock Service Center Vyas 10 18

10 Western region irrigation office Vyas 10 16

11 District Post Office Vyas 10 12

12 District Handicraft and Domestic Industries Vyas 10 15

13 Western Road Division Office Vyas 10 25

14 Cooperative Division Vyas 10 11

15 District Education Office Vyas 10 25

16 District Court Office Vyas 10 13

17 District Napi Office Vyas 10 15

18 Women and Children Development Office Vyas 10 16

19 Jilla Karagar Vyas 10 30

20 Nepal Telecom Vyas 10 15

21 District Atithi Griha Vyas 10 5

22 Academic Training Center Vyas 10 12

23 Office of Municipality Vyas Vyas 10 27

24 District Advocate Office Vyas 10 8

25 District Police Office Vyas 10 45

Total 487

Table 8: Banks in the service area

SN Name Location/Ward No. of Staff

1 Nepal Bank Limited Vyas 10 12

2 MachhapucheBank Vyas 2 9

3 Kist Bank Vyas 2 10

4 SBI Bank Vyas 10 8

5 Gandaki Bikas Bank Vyas 11 9

6 Sunrise Bank Vyas 11 13

7 Lumbinin Bikas Bank Vyas 11 9

8 Pashuimancha bikas Bank Vyas 11 8

9 Himalyayan Bank Vyas 10 13

Total 91

Table 9: Cooperatives in the Project Area

SN Name of Institutions Ward No.

1 Dovan Jaibik Krishi cooperative Ltd Vyas 2

2 Satyawoti Saving and credit Coopertive Vyas 10

3 Shree shramik Saving and Credit cooperative Vyas 10

4 Sarva Kalyan Saving and credit cooperative Vyas 2

5 Nava Jagaran Krishi cooperative Vyas 2

6 Mel milap krishi cooperative Vyas 2

3.4.5 Major Environmental Problems

103. Haphazard urbanization, unmanaged disposal of solid waste, vehicular emission, uncontrolled

use of polythene bags etc. are the major environmental problems in the service area.

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3.4.6 Health and Sanitation

104. The field study shows high a prevalence of water borne diseases in the project area. 33% of

the households within the project area are spending more than Nrs. 5000 per year, 15% households

Nrs.3001 to 5000, 19% households Nrs.2001 to 3000 and the rest are spending up to Nrs. 2000 for the

treatment of diarrhea per year.

105. In case of annual expenses for treatment of other diseases (except water borne disease), 13%

household are spending more than NRs.5000, 35% households are spending Nrs.3001 to 5000 and

25% households are spending up to Nrs 2000.

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CHAPTER IV

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

106. Environmental impacts on physical, biological and socio - economic and cultural aspects are

identified based on the existing environmental condition with respect to the proposed project

interventions. The proposed Vyas Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project by size and

technology is a small one, which will improve sanitation facilities with minimum physical

interventions. It is assessed that there will be minimal impact on environment, which can be easily

mitigated.

107. None of the components of the scheme encroaches through main forest areas of the municipality.

There are no wetlands, historic/cultural monuments, building of heritage value in the project area.

Resettlement is also not required as WSUG has already purchased/managed the land required for the

project. The route for transmission/distribution pipe has been designed through the existing roadways

or through areas where there are no tree coverage.

4.1 Beneficial Impacts

108. Development of water and sanitation facilities will have numerous beneficial impacts to

individuals as well as to the entire community. Availability of clean and adequate drinking water and

sanitary facility are basic human needs. Also any development efforts aimed at improving water and

sanitation needs of an area will significantly contribute towards improving the quality of life of that

area.

109. Some of the major beneficial impacts of the project and their maximization measures are

described below.

4.1.1 Construction Phase

Generation of employment

110. Impact: The Project will require 51,099 person days of skilled and 157,239 person days of

unskilled labors.

111. Enhancement Measures: Implementation of the Project will directly provide employment

opportunities at local level by awarding priority to local people for employment.

4.1.2 Operation Phase

Improvement in Health and Sanitation

112. Impact: After the water supply and sanitation project is completed, people living within the

project area will benefit from the supply of good quantity and quality water in their own house

premises with improved sanitary conditions.

113. Enhancement Measures: Regular maintenance of the water supply system will be done by the

users group

Women Empowerment

114. Impact: Women households in the project area are under pressure for managing low quantity of

water. Furthermore contaminated water can lead to infection by several dieses. Women from

households have to spend considerable time to care for the sick in the family. With the improvement

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of water supply there will be marked reduction in the occurrence of infectious dieses within the

households of the project area.

115. Enhancement Measures: Beneficial impacts to women and girls can be enhanced by

conducting health and awareness programs to the local community.

Increment in local economy and commercial activities

116. Impact: Unavailability of safe drinking water could be one of the reasons for some persons to

opt for conducting their business from a different location. Consequently this trend will be

discouraged with the availability of safe drinking water and improved sanitation system provided

through the development of this project. Availability of supply of drinking water will induce

multiplier effects to promote areas for multipurpose development of this region.

117. When this infrastructure is available such persons would be attracted to this place for their

operation. The land price would increase due to the availability of reliable safe drinking water and

sanitation system. The availability of good supply of drinking water will accelerate the rate of

development of this place as a leading market centre of this region.

118. Enhancement Measures: Local people will be made aware that high value lands are acceptable

to the banks and microfinance institutions to provide loans for them to start their own economic/social

ventures. DDC/municipality shall manage planned growth with required infrastructure facilities for

healthy and hygienic environment in the market areas.

4.2 Adverse Impacts

4.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase

Environmental Impacts due to Project Design

Damage to utility lines, community services and infrastructure

119. Impact: Design of the Project can have impact on existing water supply system and other

infrastructures. Natural drainage pattern may be disturbed. If not reviewed properly, project location

near forest can damage vegetation and cause habitat loss. The project can have impact on land use,

particularly agricultural land, thus reducing production and benefits of farmers.

120. Mitigation Measure: The design of the project shall be prepared in such a way that it will cause

minimal impact on environment. The location of project structures and transmission/distribution line

will be selected with minimum loss of vegetation and agricultural land.

121. The proposed structures of the project do not appear to disturb any physical or social

infrastructure in the area. It will be scrutinized to see that it does not damage or obstruct any

government and private buildings, social and cultural establishments, schools, colleges, medical

service establishments that exist in the service area. Structures of the project will be designed to avoid

relocation of electric poles.

Increased Production of Waste Water

122. Impact: Due to the project there will be adequate supply of water. Hence more water will be

used, thus increasing amount of used wastewater.

123. Mitigation Measure: Proper mechanism for disposal of wastewater will be considered by the

design. Design of septage drying beds will be done to restrict direct disposal of wastewater in natural

stream.

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Inadequate disposal of sludge from reservoirs and treatment plant

124. Impact: Some amount of sludge will be generated from reservoirs and treatment plants.

125. Mitigation Measure: Sludge generation rate and disposal plan will be prepared in the project

design.

Source dispute and water use conflicts

126. Impact: While extracting water from its source, care will be given on its existing users. They

will be consulted properly to avoid disputes and water use conflicts. Similarly, issues related with

priority rights will be given due importance.

127. Mitigation Measure: Consultation and agreement with water users groups and municipality

have been done. There are no impacts related with source dispute and water use conflicts in the

project.

4.2.2 Construction Phase

Physical Environment

Air, water and noise pollution

128. Impact: The project area is connected by road in most of the places. Trucks and tractors may be

used for the transportation of construction materials. The excavation and quarrying activities may

release dust and particulate matters. The drilling machine and other mechanical equipment may emit

some quantity of dust and smoke, but they may be of negligible quantity. Water pollution during

construction phase may be due to

• Haphazard disposal of solid waste by workers nearby the construction site.

• Excavated soil transported to the water bodies by rainwater.

• Leakage and disposal of oil and grease from construction equipments.

129. Mitigation Measure: Equipment, which produces heavy noise, will not be used. Gaseous

pollutants will be emitted by construction equipment in very limited quantity, which will be carefully

monitored and old and polluting machines will not be used. Noise will be monitored to keep within

permissible levels. Workers working in high noise area will be provided ear mufflers. Haphazard

disposal of waste by workers will be restricted. Leakage and disposal of oil and grease will be

checked regularly and prevent them to pollute natural water body by using proper grease trap.

Impacts on Quarry and Spoil disposal site

130. Impact: Construction work will require sand, gravel, boulder and other types of construction

materials. The extraction of materials from inappropriate places or in excessive amounts may cause

environmental concerns. The potential adverse impacts of quarrying are accelerated erosion,

disturbance in natural drainage patterns, water logging and water pollution. Quarry site of the project

is located in Madi River.

131. Mitigation Measure: Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, settlements and

fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation. After the extraction is completed, the quarry

site will be closed and rehabilitated to suit the local landscape

132. Impact: Excavated soil particularly during reservoir construction need to be disposed in

appropriate locations without causing contamination of water bodies, erosion, pollute water and

damage to farmlands, crops and property. If not properly and timely addressed, the impacts from spoil

disposal will be direct and of high magnitude, site-specific and long-term in nature.

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133. Mitigation Measure: Excess spoils will be disposed in specified tipping sites in a controlled

manner. Spoils will not be disposed on farmland, marshy land, forest areas, natural drainage path,

canals and other infrastructures. After the disposal, the site will be provided with drainage, vegetation

and adequate protection against erosion.

Impacts to traffic

134. Impact: Trench failure, slope disturbances, vibrations, excavation and removal of excavated

material can affect the local land system. Excavated earth for laying distribution system may obstruct

pedestrian and traffic movement because most of the pipelines pass along the roadside.

135. Mitigation Measure: Care will be taken while excavating and laying pipes, excavated soil will

be stored in outer side of trench opposite to roadside and backfilling will be done properly.

Construction during rainy season will be avoided

Biological Environment

Impacts due to Forest clearance, loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat

136. Impact: Loss of vegetation will be minimal because the project site is not located in forest area.

There will be no impact due to forest clearance as no trees will be cut down. Similarly there will be no

damage to wildlife habitat due to project construction activities.

137. Mitigation Measure: The project will support community forest users group in replantation for

any tree cleared from forest following the directions of Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation,

2063 B.S.

Possible Firewood extraction and Timber/NTFP Exploitation

138. Impact: Labor may exert pressure on the local forests of the surrounding areas for cooking and

heating.

139. Mitigation Measure: For construction labors stationed at the camp, contractor will provide

kerosene or gas for cooking and heating. Use of forest wood will be restricted and respective

provisions will be included in the contract agreement document with contractor.

Impacts due to Hunting and Poaching of Wild life by workforce

140. Impact: The proposed area is not a significant habitat for wildlife and bird species. However, as

the project area lies near community forests, there may be illegal hunting and poaching of wild life by

workers.

141. Mitigation Measure: Workers will be prohibited to enter the forest and their activities will be

regularly monitored while working near the forest area.

Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

Impacts on Land acquisition, Resettlement, Relocation and Compensation

142. Impact: All the infrastructures will be built on public land and hence there will not be any

impact related to land acquisition. Similarly there will not be impacts related to resettlement,

relocation and compensation.

Disturbances to Community activities

143. Impact: Disturbance to community activities, public/social/cultural important sites/schools may

occur due to generation of noise, vibrations, power horns and access due to excavations and vehicle

movements. Similarly festivals and social events may be affected due to project related activities.

Excessive noise can affect peace, serenity, health and sleeping time in the neighborhood of the Project

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areas. Additionally, business activities may not run smoothly due to obstructions imating from the

project construction works.

144. Mitigation Measure: Information about the work schedule will be provided to the public so that

able to adjust their individual work schedule time to the project requirements. Noise levels will be

regularly monitored and speed limits will be determined for vehicles. Use of power horns will be

banned. Operation of plants and construction vehicles between 7 PM to 6 AM in residential areas will

be prohibited. Similarly working at sensitive times (during religious festivals in the area) will be

avoided. The work force in sensitive areas will be increased so as to finish the work quickly. Wooden

bridges will be provided for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow access across open

trenches.

Social Disputes and Dissatisfaction

145. Impact: During the construction works, some workforce from outside is also required so there

will be interaction between local labor and the outside workforce. During this interaction some

disputes may arise between two workforces resulting to social and cultural conflicts. This may also

lead to social and cultural transition, whereas on the other hand there will also be increased

interdependence among diverse social groups and inter-linkages between different geographical areas,

which will promote social cohesion and a culture of tolerance amongst people.

146. Mitigation Measure: The local communities of the project area will be made aware of values

and importance of culture and religion through awareness raising campaigns. In order to minimize

disputes between local labor and outside work force law and order will be enforced strictly among the

workers. Regular inspection will be done by the contractor to find out if there is any dispute arising

between the workers. In case of disputes and misunderstandings the project in association with the

local communities will look for consensus to settle the issues.

Occupational health and safety impact

147. Impact: Since the labor forces require undertaking works especially in hazardous materials

handling, heavy equipment operations, bitumen works etc. they are exposed to various safety risks

and health hazards works undertaken without adequate safety measures will be discouraged. Health

risk is also commonly associated with the poor labor camp conditions, use of unsafe water supply

sources, poor sanitation conditions (lack of latrines and washing facilities) also cause the risk of

endemic diseases that includes dysentery, diarrhea, cholera etc. Contagious diseases HIV/AIDS, STDs

etc may surface up conspicuously and spread over extensively among local and in-migrant labor force

that may be infected with diseases and become sexually active.

148. Mitigation Measure: This risk will be minimized by properly adopting necessary safety

measures. Before construction begins the contractor will inform and provide training to its workers on

the potential occupational health and safety impacts/hazards and mitigation measures to be used

during construction. Proper sanitation system will be developed to reduce the air and water pollution.

Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be established at construction sites to control

open defecation and pollution of water bodies by the workers. Personal protective equipments (PPE)

and basic first aid will be provided to construction workers during construction of the project.

Besides, the project will provide insurance facility for injuries or death of workers.

Community Health and Safety

149. Impact: During construction phase, there may be possibility of the spread of communicable

diseases among the community due to poor sanitation and living conditions, sexual transmission and

vector-borne infections in construction labor camps, spread of food borne diseases due to street side

hawkers, possibility of the spread of vector-borne diseases due to stagnant water pools (creating

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mosquito breeding habitats). There may also be possibility of accidents to the people of the

community due to trench excavations.

150. Mitigation Measure: To avoid risks from accidents on site due to the movement of the public

and workers health and safety measures execution will be part of the contract which will includes:

• Following standard and safe procedures e.g. shoring in trenches;

• Prohibit entry at construction sites to the public; barricade the area and provide warning signs;

• Provide PPE to the workers;

• Avoid manual cleaning in very deep and narrow sections of the drains to avoid hazardous

working conditions;

• Provide First Aid kits at the site;

• Keep records of accidents; and

• Provide health and accident insurance to the workers.

151. Impact: Construction activities could be a nuisance to the public/social/cultural important

sites/schools due to generation of noise, vibrations, power horns and access due to excavations and

vehicle movements.

152. Mitigation Measure: Mitigating measures are to:

• Provide information to the public about the work schedule;

• Monitoring of noise levels regularly at site to meet the noise standards (Appendix 6);

• Fit mufflers in vehicles to control noise;

• Limit the speed of vehicles;

• Ban the use of power horns in vehicles;

• Regular maintenance of equipment and vehicles;

• Prohibit the operation of plants and construction vehicles between 7 PM to 6 AM in

residential areas;

• Compensate the damages caused by vibration to structures if caused by construction

activities;

• Avoid working at sensitive times (during religious festivals in the area);

• Increase the work force in sensitive areas so as to finish the work quickly; and

• Provide wooden bridges for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow access across

open trenches.

4.2.3 Operation Phase

Risk of Contaminated water in the distribution system

153. Impact: In general suboptimal operation of the Project will create hazards in terms of

overall delivery of the outputs and safety of the personnel. In this condition, the very existence of

the Project will be at risk. The people consuming water from such source will be at higher risk as

the majority of the population will be consuming same water. Any contamination of water is

likely to cause epidemics with water borne disease. Since the consumers believe getting safe

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water they will not be taking the precautions that they were taking prior to the project

implementation. Subsequently, any case of neglect/mistake in this aspect from the project

operators can result in serious consequences.

154. Mitigation Measure: The risks of contaminated water in the distribution system could be

mitigated by regular O&M of chlorinators; regular water quality monitoring of water in the

distribution system; immediate action in case of water quality problems; and training and

operational supervision of system staff.

Toxic Chemical Hazard

155. Impact: Chlorine and Bleaching Powder are toxic to humans. Ingestions, inhalations,

application to body parts, especially to such parts as eyes, nose, and mouths are of extreme hazard.

156. Mitigation Measure: Storage, in-plant handling and dosages of chlorine (bleaching powder)

will be monitored regularly and procedures set up and guidelines developed for its handling and first

aid measures to be introduced for emergencies, and training and operational supervision of system

staff.

Table 10: Evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impacts

Project Stage Anticipated

Impacts

Significance of the Impacts

Type Magnitude Duration

Beneficial Impacts

Construction Phase Generation of

employment

Local Moderate Temporary

Operation Phase Improvement in

Health and

Sanitation

Local Significant Permanent

Women

Empowerment

Local Small Permanent

Increment in local

economy and

commercial

activities

Local Moderate Permanent

Adverse Impacts

Pre-Construction

Phase

Damage to utility

lines, community

services and

infrastructure

Local Significant Permanent

Increased

Production of Waste

Water

Local Moderate Permanent

Inadequate disposal

of sludge from

reservoirs and

treatment plant

Local Significant Permanent

Source dispute and

water use conflicts

Local Small Temporary

Construction Phase Physical Environment

Air, water and noise

pollution

Regional Moderate Temporary

Impacts on Quarry

and Spoil disposal

site

Local Moderate Temporary

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Project Stage Anticipated

Impacts

Significance of the Impacts

Type Magnitude Duration

Impacts due to Soil

erosion and possible

land surface

disturbances

Local Small Temporary

Biological Environment

Impacts due to

Forest clearance,

loss of vegetation

and wildlife habitat

Local Small Temporary

Possible Firewood

extraction and

Timber/NTFP

Exploitation

Local Small Temporary

Impacts due to

Hunting and

Poaching of Wild

life by workforce

Local Small Temporary

Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

Impacts on Land

acquisition,

Resettlement,

Relocation and

Compensation

No impact observed No impact observed No impact observed

Disturbances to

Community

activities

Local Moderate Temporary

Social Disputes and

Dissatisfaction

Local Small Temporary

Occupational health

and safety impact

Local Significant Temporary

Community Health

and Safety

Local Significant Temporary

Operation Phase Risk of

Contaminated water

in the distribution

system

Local Significant Permanent

Toxic Chemical

Hazard

Local Significant Permanent

Basis of the categorization of impacts:

157. Type: The impacts on the environment are limited to a small area around the point of the activity

which is classified as local. If the effect is anticipated to be in the whole region it is classified as

regional. If the effect can be felt beyond the boundaries of the country then it is classified as global.

158. Magnitude: If the effect is not so significant and minor it is classified as small. If it is highly

significant to cause a high degree of change, then it is classified as significant. Any effect that comes

in a middle range is termed as moderate.

159. Duration: If the effect does not last for a long time it is termed as temporary. If the effect is

recoverable after some time is termed as temporary.

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Table 11: Mitigation measures, responsible agencies and cost required

Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)

Pre-Construction/Design Phase

Damage to utility lines, community

services and infrastructure

The location of project structures will avoid electric poles, power

supply structures and infrastructures

People will be notified and services restored as soon as possible to

overcome public inconvenience

Letter of approval and agreements will be obtained

DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC Included in

Design Cost

Risk from increased production of waste

water due to availability of increased water

supply

Design of drainage facilities and septage pumping facilities (from

latrines) to meet the new requirements

DSC Included in

Design Cost

Inadequate disposal of sludge from

reservoirs and treatment plant will cause

nuisance to properties

Design of sludge disposal from reservoir and identification of

appropriate locations.

DSC Included in

Design Cost

Source dispute and water use conflicts Consultation and agreement with water users groups DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC and

different water user groups

No extra cost

required

Construction Phase

Physical Environment

Air, water and noise pollution Dust suppression at the site will be done by sprinkling water at

regular intervals.

No equipment, which will produce heavy noise, will be used

Haphazard disposal of waste by workers will be monitored.

Leakage and disposal of oil and grease will be checked regularly

and repaired immediately if noticed.

Provision of green stickers vehicles

Contractor To be included in

BOQ

Impacts on Quarry and Spoil disposal site Unstable and erosion prone sites will be avoided and only

approved quarrying sites will be used

Quarrying activities from rivers/streams will not be done so as to

change the river cross sections and longitudinal profiles

Quarry site will be leveled to suit the local landscape after

extraction is complete

Dumping of excavated soil in outer side of trench opposite to

roadside and backfilling

Contractor To be included in

BOQ

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Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)

Erosion and land surface disturbance Excavated soil will be placed against erosion

Reuse of excavated soil and backfilling of trenches will be done

As far as possible construction activities will be avoided in the

rainy season.

Temporary diversions and signboards will be provided for the

pedestrians

Contractor To be included in

BOQ

Biological Environment

Loss of vegetation The location of reservoir and route of the transmission line from

the intake at the stream to the storage tank has been planned to

avoid main forest.

CFUs will be supported in plantation

DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC/CFUGs 70,000

Possible Firewood extraction and

NTFP/Timber Exploitation, Hunting and

Poaching of Wild life

Use of fuel wood and timber collection will be prohibited

Illegal collection of NTFPs and trade will be prohibited.

LPG/kerosene will be provided to the workforce.

The local community will be encouraged with all required support

to control illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife and smuggling

of forest resources.

Awareness raising programmes will be organized to educate local

people in wild life preservation and forest conservation.

Contractor/DSC/CFUGs To be included in

BOQ/50,000

Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

Employment generation and increase in

income

Priority to local people particularly unprivileged group will be

given

On job training will be given whenever necessary

Contractor/DSC To be included in

BOQ/50,000

Disturbance to community activities Traffic Management Plan will be developed and work will be

conducted as quickly as possible to minimize disturbance

Residents will be consulted and informed about the disturbances in

advance

Contractor/DSC 25,000

Social dispute and dissatisfaction Local people will be given priority for the employment

All the workers will be instructed to act in a responsible manner

Awareness on ill effects of alcohol, gambling

Contractor No extra cost

required

Occupational Health and Safety Provide training to its workers on the potential occupational health

and safety impacts/hazards and mitigation measures to be used

during construction

Contractor To be included in

BOQ

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Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)

First aid will be kept at hand in working area

Use of PPEs

General public will be excluded from all construction sites

Insurance will be provided to the workers

Community Health and Safety Required hygienic conditions will be maintained in the labor

camps.

Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be

established at construction sites to control open defecation and

pollution of water bodies by the workers.

Awareness raising campaigns will be conducted related to

community health and safety to the local people

Contractor

DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC

To be included in

BOQ

50,000

Operation and Maintenance Phase

Improvement in Health and Sanitation Regular operation and maintenance of the water supply and

sanitation system

WUSC/DWSS/Municipality No extra cost

required

Women empowerment Health and awareness raising programmes to the local people WUSC/Municipality 30,000

Increment in Local economy and

commercial activities

Regular supply of potable drinking water and sanitation facility WUSC/Municipality No extra cost

required

Risk of contaminated water in the

distribution system

Regular testing and maintenance of the aeration plant, pressure

filter and chlorinator and testing of residual chlorine will be done

on a routine basis and recorded

Regular water quality monitoring of water of the distribution

system

System staff will be trained and supervised

WUSC/DWSS 1,00,000

Toxic chemical hazard Usage, handling and storage of chlorine will be prescribed and

guidelines developed

First aid measures will be located in emergencies

WUSC/DWSS 50,000

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CHAPTER V

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT

PROJECT SITUATIONS

160. The alternative analysis of the project in terms of project location, technology, implementation

procedures, and the raw materials used have been studied and analyzed. Similarly, comparison

between with and without project or the "No action option" also has been studied and analyzed.

5.1 Alternative in Project Location

161. Different project locations have been analyzed. Places for intake structures, reservoirs, and

treatment area are chosen so that there will be minimal impact in physical, biological and social

environment. Similarly pipe lines are aligned along the existing roads to achieve minimal impact.

Public opinion and interest have also been considered for locating each structure during field

observation visit of the project area.

5.2 Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials

162. Most of the technologies proposed in the project are labor intensive. Minimum mechanical

equipments will be used during construction work. All major construction work will be done by labor

force without any mechanical equipment.

163. The working procedures proposed will be one of participatory process. For each and every

activities of the project, the beneficiaries have indicated to participate actively. The project has

awarded priority to use local raw materials as far as possible. Except for some mechanical equipment

necessary for pipe fitting, most of the construction materials will be local. The local raw materials

comprising steel and cement will be procured from the local market.

5.3 No Project Option

164. This analysis has also been done with and without project scenario. The implementation of the

proposed project will create substantial positive impacts on health and hygiene of people, public

environment and socio-economic status of the community. Provision of potable drinking water and

sanitation facilities will help to enhance the quality of life of the people. The project will also help to

create job opportunities at local level to considerable number of people. The implementation of the

proposed project will produce only negligible and insignificant environmental impacts; which can be

mitigated through the mobilization of local communities and resources.

165. On the other hand, if the project is not implemented, the people of the project area will have to

continue to suffer from inadequate water supply and of unsatisfactory quality.

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CHAPTER VI

INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND

PARTICIPATION

6.1 Public Consultation

166. In order to ensure public involvement, the following procedures have been followed for IEE

report preparation. For ease of comprehension, the activities outlined below were undertaken to

address public opinion towards the project.

167. Publication of notice- a 15 days public notice was published on January 9, 2013 in Rajdhani, a

national daily newspaper (Annex IV) seeking written opinion from concerned municipality, DDC,

schools, health posts and related local organizations. A copy of the public notice was also affixed in

the notice boards of the above mentioned organizations and deed of inquiry (muchulka) was collected

(Annex V)

168. IEE team conducted interaction meetings with the local communities and other concerned project

stakeholders comprising District Forest Office, District Water Supply and Sanitation Office, etc.

during field survey to collect the public concerns and suggestions (see Annex VI for meeting

minutes).

169. Draft IEE report was forwarded to Vyas Municipality for Public disclosure. Recommendation

letters were also obtained from Vyas municipality as given in Annex VII. A copy of Draft IEE will

also be kept in information centre of DDC, Tanahu for Public disclosure. After reviewing Draft IEE

report and incorporating the suggestions from the concerned stakeholders, this final IEE report has

been prepared and submitted to PMO for approval from MOUD.

Table 12: Summary of Public Consultation

Date Location Participants Issue raised

Male Female

2069/7/27 Vyas Municipality,

ward 11

122 30 Quality of river water and distributed water

Project duration

Cost of the project and loss

Proper drainage, sanitation and solid waste

management

6.2 Information Disclosure

170. A copy of final IEE will be kept at the information centre of Vyas municipality for public

disclosure. Information will also be disseminated through person to person contacts and interviews

and group discussions. Available institutions at the local level were informed through notice

distribution and pasting of notice on notice boards of the concerned municipality, school, health posts

and public places. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and general public

through websites of www.sstwsssp.gov.np. for the dissemination of information flow following

offices will be provided IEE report:

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• District Technical Office, Tanahu • District Development Committee, • District Project Office, Tanahu • District Implementation Support Team, Tanahu • Vyas Municipality • Ministry of Urban Development • Asian Development Bank, Nepal Resident Mission

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CHAPTER VII

GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM

171. The project aims to facilitate a grievance and redress mechanism to address the environmental

and social concern of the community who may be affected by the project activities. The proposed

project does not require resettlement of any community, and a Resettlement Plan that addresses the

Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is not necessary. However, all the stakeholders are to be made

aware of the project-specific GRM so that there is an appropriate channel of communication and a

formalized procedure to settle dispute.

172. The process requires a GRM committee to be established at the local level to assure accessibility

to the Affected Person or Stakeholder. The committee should consist of members with sufficient

knowledge about the project, with technical know-how and expertise and someone aware about the

socio-cultural dynamics of the community. The GRM requires that issues and comments are first

lodged with the local level GRM committee for handling of grievances at the project site. The GRM

committee should conduct their meeting within 3 weeks of receipt of complaint and solution need to

be provided at meeting or within 3 weeks.

173. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, the GRM committee needs to submit it to

the PMO. The PMO with assistance from the Environmental Specialist and WUSC experts should

resolve the grievance. If the grievance cannot be solved by the PMO, it will be referred to the

Municipality and district DWSS.

174. In case the district DWSS cannot solve the problem it will be referred to the relevant court of

law.

Figure 2: Grievance Redress Mechanism

Affected

Person

Municipality

GRM

Committee

PMO

WUSC Environmental and

Social Safeguard

Specialist

DWSS

Redress

Grievances

Court of Law

Grievance/ Complaint

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CHAPTER VIII

MATTERS TO BE MONITORED DURING

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT

8.1 Mitigation and Monitoring

175. The environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared to guide the implementation of

mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles,

environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget

for mitigation measures.

176. The EMP should be implemented in such a way that the contractor is monitored during the

construction phase (to see if the work is being done according to the contract documents where

mitigation measures are specified). The mitigation measures required is outlined in chapter IV of this

report. The EMP will require regular monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during project

operations over the years following project completion. The impacts that have been monitored will be

compared with the anticipated impacts at the time of the preparation of the project.

177. The following are the monitoring indicators during the construction and operation stages:

8.1.1 Construction Phase

178. Environmental Management Plan along with monitoring plan and associated cost during

Construction Phase are given below in Table 13

8.1.2 Operation Phase

179. Environmental Management Plan along with monitoring plan and associated cost during

Operation Phase are given below in Table 14

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Table 13: Monitoring Plan and Cost during construction Phase

Impacts/Project

Activities Monitoring Plan

Environmental

Impact

Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

Monitored

Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost

Physical Environment

Damage to utility lines,

community services

and infrastructure

Location of project

structures avoid electric

poles, power supply

structures and

infrastructures

People will be notified and

services restored as soon as

possible to overcome public

inconvenience

Letter of approval and

agreements will be obtained

Number of

infrastructures

damaged

Disagreements with

local people

Within project

construction

activities

Observation,

consultation with

local people

DWSS/SSTWSSSP Weekly

during

construction

No extra

cost

required

Air, water and noise

pollution

Dust suppression at the site

by sprinkling water at

regular intervals.

No equipment, which will

produce heavy noise will be

used

Haphazard disposal of

waste by workers will be

monitored. Leakage and

disposal of oil and grease

will be checked regularly

and repaired immediately if

noticed.

Dust problem within

the locality

Degradation of surface

and ground water

Noise levels

Areas within

construction

activities

Observation,

sprinkling of water;

DO, oil and grease,

turbidity etc. in

surface and ground

water;

Amount of noise

levels in dB

PMO/DSC Monthly 30,000

Impacts on Quarry and

Spoil disposal site

Avoiding unstable and

erosion prone sites

Quarrying activities from

rivers/streams will not be

Condition of quarry

sites

and spoil disposal sites

Quarry sites

and spoil

disposal sites

Observation DSC/WUSC Monthly No extra

cost

required

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40

Impacts/Project

Activities Monitoring Plan

Environmental

Impact

Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

Monitored

Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost

allowed so as to change the

river cross sections and

longitudinal profiles

Quarry site will be levelled

to suit the local landscape

after extraction is complete

Dumping of excavated soil

in outer side of trench

opposite to roadside and

backfilling

Erosion and land

surface disturbance

Excavated soil will be

placed against erosion

Reuse of excavated soil and

backfilling of trenches will

be done

As far as possible

construction activities will

be avoided in the rainy

season.

Temporary diversions and

signboards will be provided

for the pedestrians

Excavated soil reused,

Condition of land

exposed

Excavation

sites

Observation and

records on amount

of land excavated

and excavated soil

reused

DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra

cost

required

Biological Environment

Loss of vegetation The location of reservoirs

and route of the

transmission line from the

intake at the stream to the

storage tank has been

planned to avoid main

forest.

Amount of trees fell

and ground vegetation

cleared, Status of

community forest

Community

forest

Observation,

Consultation with

CFUGs

DFO/DSC Daily while

working

inside forest

area

No extra

cost

required

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41

Impacts/Project

Activities Monitoring Plan

Environmental

Impact

Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

Monitored

Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost

CFUs will be supported in

afforestation

Possible Firewood

extraction and

NTFP/Timber

Exploitation, Hunting

and Poaching of Wild

life

Use of fuel wood and

timber collection will be

prohibited

Illegal collection of NTFPs

and trade will be prohibited.

LPG/kerosene will be

provided to the workforce.

Encourage and support the

local community to control

illegal hunting and poaching

of wildlife and smuggling of

forest resources.

Awareness raising

programmes will be

organized to educate local

people in forest

conservation.

Amount of illegal

collection and harvest

of fuel wood, timber

and NTFP

Records on hunting

and poaching of

wildlife

Forest and

nearby project

area

Observation,

Records and

consultation with

local people and

CFUGs

DFO/DSC Monthly No extra

cost

required

Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

Source dispute and

water use conflicts

Consultation and agreement

with water users groups

Agreements with

different water users

groups

Project area Consultation with

different water users

groups

DWSS/SSTWSSSP Once during

Design Phase

No extra

cost

required

Employment

generation and increase

in income

Priority to local people

On job training

Number of local

people employed

Number and

effectiveness of on job

training provided

Camp site Consultation with

local people,

employment records

PMO/DSC Monthly No extra

cost

required

Disturbance to

community activities

Traffic Management Plan

will be developed and work

Traffic disturbance

during construction

High traffic

areas

Observation and

Consultation with

DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra

cost

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Impacts/Project

Activities Monitoring Plan

Environmental

Impact

Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

Monitored

Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost

will be conducted as quickly

as possible to minimize

disturbance

Residents will be consulted

and informed about the

disturbances in advance

local people required

Social dispute and

dissatisfaction

Local people will be given

priority for the employment

All the workers will be

instructed to act in a

responsible manner

Prohibition of alcohol,

gambling

Number of conflicts

and social disputes

aroused

Construction

area

Observation,

Consultation with

local people

DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra

cost

required

Occupational Health

and Safety

Provide training to workers

on the potential

occupational health and

safety impacts/hazards and

mitigation measures to be

used during construction

First aid will be kept at hand

in working area

General public will be

excluded from all

construction sites

Insurance will be provided

to the workers

Use of occupational

health and safety

measures, first aid box

at camps and

construction sites,

insurance papers

Construction

sites and camp

sites

Observation and

consultation with

labors and local

people

PMO/DSC Weekly No extra

cost

required

Community Health and

Safety

Required hygienic

conditions will be

maintained in the labor

camps.

Hygienic condition of

the community and

labor camps

Community

and labor

camps

Observation DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra

cost

required

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Impacts/Project

Activities Monitoring Plan

Environmental

Impact

Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

Monitored

Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost

Drinking water facility and

temporary pit latrine will be

established at construction

sites to control open

defecation and pollution of

water bodies by the

workers.

Awareness related to

community health and

safety to the local people

Table 14: Monitoring Plan and Cost during Operation Phase

Impacts/Project

Activities Monitoring Plan

Environmental

Impact

Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

Monitored

Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost

Improvement in

Health and Sanitation

Regular operation and

maintenance of the water

supply and sanitation system

Adequacy and

quality of water

supplied and

sanitation system

Users

committe,

individual hh

Consultation with local

people, site observation,

water quality test

DWSS/WUSC/

Municipality

Annually 10,000

Women

empowerment

Health and awareness raising

programmes

Number of

awareness

programs

launched

Women in the

community

Consultation with women

and different

groups/organizations

involved in women

empowerment

WUSC/

Municipality

Annually No extra

cost

required

Increment in Local

economy and

commercial activities

Regular supply of potable

drinking water and sanitation

facility

Increase in income

level, market

development etc.

Commercial

areas

Site observation, consultation

with local people

Municipality Annually No extra

cost

required

Risk of contaminated Regular testing and Quality of water Water supply Testing of water quality of DWSS/WUSC Monthly 25,000

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44

Impacts/Project

Activities Monitoring Plan

Environmental

Impact

Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

Monitored

Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost

water in the

distribution system

maintenance of the aeration

plant, pressure filter and

chlorinator and testing of

residual chlorine will be done

on a routine basis and

recorded

Regular water quality

monitoring of water of the

distribution system

System staff will be trained

and supervised

supplied from the

water supply

scheme

Trainings

provided to staffs

facility supplied drinking water

Records of training provided

to staffs

Toxic chemical

hazard

Usage, handling and storage

of chlorine will be prescribed

and guidelines developed

First aid measures will be

located in emergencies

Knowledge on

handling toxic

chemicals

including chlorine

Provision of First

aid measures

Water

Treatment

Plant

O&M manual.

O&M records

DWSS/WUSC Once in

Three

month

No extra

cost

required

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45

8.2 Environmental Procedures and Institutions

180. Responsibility for environmental management associated with the proposed water supply project

involves a number of parties, each with specific responsibilities for particular activities. Main parties

responsible for the implementation of environmental safeguards measures prior to -, during – and

following - proposed water supply project are:

• MOUD • DWSS • SSTWSSSP • Project Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC) • Contractor – construction

181. Within this water supply sector, MOUD has the overall responsibility for ensuring whether

environmental safeguards are being respected.

182. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), as the main proponent, has the ultimate

responsibility for the supervision of proposed project including environmental safeguards to be fully

respected. Implementation of proposed water supply project in Vyas Municipality will be under the

responsibility of SSTWSSSP which will undertake responsibility including environmental assessment

(study) for the proposed project, provide advice related to environmental augmentation and

mitigation, for monitoring of the implementation in proposed project.

183. Design and Supervision consultant (DSC) has prepared final detail designs of the proposed water

supply scheme, conducted necessary environmental study, and ensures that EMAP recommendations

are incorporated in the design. DSC will also oversee entire activities of proposed water supply

project including day to day supervision of construction undertaken by the contractor, making sure

environmental safeguards fully respected as a part of constructions. This will ensure full compliance

of all aspects of work related to EMAP specifications by the contractor, with reporting direct to

SSTWSSSP and DWSS.

184. Construction contractor will be responsible for undertaking all project works assigned to him in

accordance with contract document, including specified conditions in EMAP. Consultant contractor

will prepare an Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) before the work starts and get it

approved. Contractor will work closely with the supervising consultant in order to ensure that

proposed water supply project works are undertaken according to EMAP specified standards.

185. The DWSS and MOUD will evaluate the monitoring results, as and when necessary. The Project

intends to invite an independent monitoring team to safeguard its environmental image. The

environmental agencies will have a number of opportunities to visit and monitor the Project activities

as a part of compliance monitoring. Hence, environmental monitoring is an additional commitment of

the Proponent to best implement the mitigation measures and make the project environment-friendly.

DWSS staff will work alongside with the construction and operation personnel to ensure that the

measures and requirements outlined in the EMP are carried out effectively.

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46

MOUD

• District Forest Office • District Agriculture

Office • District Irrigation Office

• CFC • CDO • DDC/Municipality • District Survey Office • Local consultative Forum

(LCF)

DWSS

SSTWSSSP

Consultant

Contractors

NGOs/CBO

Figure 3: Organization of EMP

8.3 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures

186. Potential Environmental enhancement measures required for this project are Enhancement of

Community Development Services, Women Empowerment, use of local labor and their Skill

enhancement, Enterprise development and business promotion, Appreciation of land value and

Support to Community forests. Mitigation measures for these enhancement measures are already

mentioned in chapter IV. DWSS will be responsible for monitoring with incorporation of Potential

Environmental Enhancement Measures for the Project.

8.4 Reporting Procedure

187. It is necessary to have a mechanism in order to put together the entire mitigation operation plus

the reports on progress and status of all mitigation activities undertaken in the project.

188. The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented during

construction. The contractor will develop in consultation with supervision consultant an

Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) based on the EMP provided in the IEE report. The

contractor shall report weekly about the progress of work with safeguard compliances to the

supervision consultant.

189. The supervision consultant then shall ensure that all the procedures and mitigation measures are

being compiled by the contractor. The supervision consultant shall be responsible to check the weekly

progress report of the contractor and conduct field verification to ensure if the mitigation measures as

designed in EMEP are being implemented.

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47

190. The supervision consultant shall prepare an environmental monitoring section to be inserted in

the monthly and routine periodic reports based on the weekly status report. The Environmental

Specialist of the PMO will review the status and recommendations and act accordingly to take

corrective measures.

191. Routine progress reports, including biannual and annual reports on the implementation of EMP

will be produced by the PMO on a regular basis and submit to ADB for review. The report should

contain information of all the activities conducted within the given time including the non-

compliances and any corrective measures undertaken.

8.5 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates

192. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates will be prepared including mitigation measures and EMP

as mentioned in this IEE report. This will make contractors and other stakeholders responsible for

adopting mitigation measures as mentioned in this reoprt.

193. Most of the costs related to the mitigation and monitoring activities are either included in the

construction cost estimates in accordance with the contract specification or covered in the operation

and maintenance costs and thus are not detailed here.

194. Further funds are needed mainly for developing the capacity and facilities of the WUSC for

environmental monitoring and for conducting environmental training and awareness campaigns. The

estimate is presented in table 15.

Table 15: Annual Environmental Cost

S.N Activities Estimated Cost

(NRs.)

Remarks

1 Training for WUSC staff 20,000 During operation period

2 Environmental Awareness

Campaigns

50,000 During construction and operation

periods

Total 70,000

8.6 Work Plan

195. The agencies responsible, period and frequency of monitoring for the implementation of the

required mitigation measures have been outlined in the above sections with consolidated summary

below.

196. During the design phase PMO and the consultant should see that mitigation measures are

included in the design and contract documents in compliance with Environment Protection Act and

Regulations.

197. During the construction phase the parties involved should see that all mitigation measures and

precautions that are required to be taken by the contractor are written explicitly SPSC and WUSC

shall be responsible to see that works carried out by the contractor are according to the contract

documents and mitigation measures are taken accordingly with the overall guidance of the DWSO

and the PMO.

198. During the operation phase, DWSO, and WUSC should monitor the system for leakage, water

quality, pump maintenance and disease outbreak etc. and prepare a monthly report should be sent to

DWSS via the Regional Directorate.

199. If impacts other than those mentioned in the report are observed, they shall be mitigated at the

project cost.

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48

200. Following table shows the proposed implementation schedule for the project:

Table 16: Project implementation schedule

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49

CHAPTER IX

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

201. It is expected that the planned water supply and sanitation project for Vyas Municipality will

have only minor adverse impacts on the environment which can be easily and cheaply mitigated

through adequate mitigation measures and regular monitoring during the design, construction and

operation phases.

202. Due to this Project, there will be significant improvement in personal, household and community

hygiene practices, and environmental sanitation thereby increasing the quality of life and community

health.

203. From this IEE, it can be seen that no adverse or harmful impacts of any significance are expected

and hence a full scale EIA is not required. The project falls under Category B (no major

environmental impacts expected) for which only an IEE is required.

204. Hence the project is recommended along with implementation of mitigation measures and

management framework mentioned in this IEE report.

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50

REFERENCES

ADB (2003): Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Asian Development Bank

ADB (2009): Safeguard Policy Statement. Asian Development Bank

HMG/N (1996): Environmental Protection Act (with amendments). His Majesty‟s Government of

Nepal

HMG/N (1997): Environmental Protection Rules (with amendments). His Majesty‟s Government of

Nepal

Draft Detailed Design Report of Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Tanahu (Batch II,

Package II).

Initial Environmenal Examination (IEE) Report on Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector

Project, Phidim

Initial Environmenal Examination (IEE) Report on Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector

Project, Phidim

National EIA Guidelines 2050 B.S.

Uprety, B. K. 2003: Environmental Impact Assessment: Process and Practice.

www.lawcommission.gov.np

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Annexes

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Annex I: Approved TOR

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Annex II: REA Checklist

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Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is

to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are

adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential

impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Sector Division:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. Project Siting Is the project area…

Densely populated? √ The project area consists of dense settlements with total of 2238 households

Heavy with development activities?

√ The service area of the project has urban setting with development activities

Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?

• Cultural heritage site

√ There are no remarkable cultural heritage sites except few newly constructed temples and Vyas cave near project area. The project activity does not have any impact on these sites

• Protected Area

√ There are no environmentally sensitive areas within the project area

• Wetland

• Mangrove

• Estuarine

• Buffer zone of protected area

• Special area for protecting biodiversity

Vyas Small Town Water Supply Project

Water Supply and Sanitation

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

• Bay

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff?

impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water pumping?

√ The project does not include ground water extraction

social conflicts arising from displacement of communities ?

√ No any communities will be displaced due to project

conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters?

√ Madi river has sufficient water quantity

unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)?

√ The raw water quality in the area will be treated to meets the National Drinking Water Quality Standards.

delivery of unsafe water to distribution system?

√ Treated water will be supplied which will be under NDWQS

inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to pollution of water supply?

√ The subproject includes fencing and other protection works of water intakes to prevent pollution of water supply, and will be accessible only to authorized persons. The water will also be regularly monitored to ensure only treated water is distributed.

over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?

excessive algal growth in storage reservoir?

√ Storage reservoirs are only for treated water. The water will be chlorinated and the reservoirs covered to prevent algal growth

increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of community facilities?

√ Only manageable amount of sludge will be generated

inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants?

√ Disposal of sludge to be done at designated sites as per the EMP.

inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and protect facilities?

√ Adequate amount of buffer zone along with plantation has been designed around treatment plants. submersible pumps and noiseless generators will be used

impairments associated with transmission lines and access roads?

√ Expected during pipe-relaying but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Good construction practices to mitigate transmission line impairments and to be specified in the EMP. A section-wise approach will also limit impairments to traffic and businesses during construction.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals.

√ Handling of hazardous materials associated with treatment facilities addressed in the EMP. O&M manual will specifically deal with the handling and storage of chlorine.

health and safety hazards to workers from handling and management of chlorine used for disinfection, other contaminants, and biological and physical hazards during project construction and operation?

√ Personal protective equipment will be provided to workers. Regular training will also be conducted to ensure that workers are aware of the health hazards of chemicals. O&M manual will be developed which will specifically deal with the handling and storage of chlorine and emergency response.

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

√ No any dislocation or involuntary resettlement is required for the project

disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

√ The subproject will not affect indigenous peoples or other vulnerable groups. It will be beneficial to women and children as water will be available in their home and fetching water will no more be a problem. The contractor will be encouraged to hire local workers from the local labor force.

noise and dust from construction activities?

√ Expected but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Good construction practices to mitigate noise and dust and to be specified in the EMP.

increased road traffic due to interference of construction activities?

√ Expected but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Traffic management plan to form part of the EMP

continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations?

√ Good construction practices to mitigate soil erosion and silt runoff and to be specified in the EMP.

delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems?

√ Any distributed water to comply with the National Drinking Water Quality Standards and addressed in the EMP

delivery of water to distribution system, which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals?

√ The O&M manuals will include maintenance schedules and monitoring program.

accidental leakage of chlorine gas?

√ Not applicable as calcium hypochlorite will be used in the chlorination process and chlorine gas will not be used.

excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users?

√ Only sustainable amount (around 50%) of surface water will be diverted for project

competing uses of water? √ No competing users are noticed

increased sewage flow due to increased water supply

√ Sewage flow will be increased but within normal range

increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment plant

√ Sullage and sludge will be increased but within normal range

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

√ Priority in employment will be given to local residents. Construction contractors will be required to provide a worker’s camp, if required, with basic facilities.

social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

√ Priority in employment will be given to local residents.

risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction?

√ Construction will not involve use of explosives and chemicals. Trenching will be done manually.

community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

√ Construction areas will be clearly demarcated and access controlled. Only workers and project staff will be allowed to visit operational sites.

* Hazards are potentially damaging physical events

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No Remarks

• Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)?

√ Not applicable

Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (e.g., changes in rainfall patterns disrupt reliability of water supply; sea level rise creates salinity intrusion into proposed water supply source)?

√ Not applicable

Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g.,high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

√ Not applicable

Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by using water from a vulnerable source that is relied upon by many user groups, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

√ Not applicable

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Annex III: Location Map

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Annex IV: Public Notice

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Annex V: Deed of Inquiry

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Annex VI: Minutes of Public Consultation

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Annex VII: Recommendation Letter

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Annex VIII: Survey Questionnaire

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Annex IX: Water Quality Test Reports

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