Name of the Center: Center for the Study of Multiple ... · 3 Pollution Bulletin, ... acuicultura....

Guidelines for Annual Reports of MSI Institutes and Nuclei – 2017

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COVER

Name of the Center: Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems

(MUSELS) Acronym MUSELS Code NC120086 Reported period 1 August to December 31, 2017 Starting date of the Center 26-12-2013

Address Barrio Universitario s/n, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales & Centro EULA, Concepción

Telephone(s) +56 41 2204032 Web Page http://www.eula.cl/musels

Host Institution(s) Universidad de Concepción y Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA)

Contact Information

Scientific Contact Cristian Vargas Gálvez, Principal Researcher

E-Mail [email protected]

Institute / Nucleus Principal Researcher

Name Institute / Nucleus Deputy Principal

Researcher Name

Cristian Antonio Vargas Gálvez

Bernardo Oscar Broitman Rojas

Principal Researcher’s Signature Deputy Principal Researcher’s Signature

http://www.eula.cl/musels

mailto:[email protected]


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1. 1.1 Executive Summary Globally, aquaculture provides about half of the high-quality animal protein consumed by human activities and Chile is one of the global leaders in fisheries and aquaculture. However, an integrative view of the human, environmental, economic and ecological factors that sustain the socio-ecological system is an urgent need. The central objective of our proposal, and the focus of the second stage of MUSELS is defining social-ecological aquaculture clusters, addressing specific and recurring events with potentially harmful effects that will allow us to formulate novel hypotheses about the evolution of plasticity patterns under increasingly fluctuating environments and extreme conditions. By using this information we can develop spatially explicit vulnerability maps, which connected with information from social sciences, can help design and guide local adaptation actions. In collaboration with the industry, we are conducting translocation and common-garden experiments, aimed to construct the reaction norm for relevant phenotypic traits of the cultured species to use them in marine spatial planning. We are generating pioneering information focusing on multiple-stressor impacts on market attributes. Driven by new evidences about changing landscape composition in southern Chile, we are giving first steps in the multiple-combination of satellite tools and field campaigns, connecting land use change and the coastal ocean. By integrating information resulting from oceanographic, ecological and social assessments we have developed a framework for shellfish aquaculture to improve their own capabilities in R&D, to face multiple environmental and socio-economic drivers upon global change. Our research is organized around three Research Lines (RL) dedicated to understand environmental variability in the areas where bivalve farming takes place (RL1), to carry out experiments that will allows us to characterize the biological responses to multiple environmental stressors (RL2) and to study the human dimension and the socio-ecological system where the aquaculture industry takes place (RL3). Efforts around RL1 included disciplines such as physical, biological and chemical oceanography, toxicology and biogeochemistry; we have characterized spatial and temporal heterogeneity in temperature, pH, pCO2 and salinity in full engagement with the industry, government and other relevant stakeholders. These activities provided socially validated, realistic ranges of environmental information for experiments (RL2) and also helped us examine the adaptive capacity of the socio-economic system to concrete scenarios (RL3). During this stage RL2 is working at full capacity, involving ecophysiology, molecular genetics and experimental biology and using detailed environmental information (RL1). Large factorial experiments involving many researchers and students are underway using ranges of stressors (i.e. RL1, temperature, pollutants, metals and pH/ pCO2) and livestock from our partners in the industry to generate results relevant for adaptive capacity, and identified as primary concerns by the socio-ecological system (RL3). The build-up of results from the RL1&2 have allowed RL3 to also reach full capacity, integrating ecology, sociology, psychology, and economy of natural resources, to understand how decision-making and the preferences of people participating of the aquaculture industry provides opportunities and barriers to generate adaptive capacity to face multiple environmental (RL1), physiological (RL2), economic and social stressors. The interdisciplinary feedback broadened the parameters estimated by RL2, oriented field campaigns from RL1 and enriched our conception of the socio-ecological system. Thus, the flow of information between research lines successfully operationalized our interdisciplinary character and caused a significant impact on science. Integrating our research lines was challenging, and we feel that our success can be gauged in the achievements described in this report and summarized below. Scientific productivity commitment has included associate, assistant and young researchers, postdocs and graduate students and has resulted outstanding scientific productivity in frontier research, totaling 29 publications during the first six months, from July to December 2017, of our three-year extension. Besides integrative publications co-authored by multiple PI’s in journals such as Nature Ecology & Evolution, we have also generated several in journals such as Aquaculture, Ambio and Marine


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Pollution Bulletin, and co-authored a landmark book chapter on the adaptation of fisheries and aquaculture to climate change, which provides us with increased visibility in the broader scientific community traditionally related to aquaculture. During this new 3-year period, MUSELS starts with 6 associate researchers, 2 assistant researchers, 5 young researchers, 4 senior researchers, 5 postdoctoral fellows, 5 PhD students, 4 MSc students, 6 undergraduate students, 5 research assistants, 1 journalist, and 1 administrative manager, consolidating a team of 44 people. We are providing leadership opportunities in our burgeoning group of early-career scientists and increasing their commitment to MUSELS. We now host 5 postdoctoral fellows, and 15 students (5 PhD, 4 MSc, 6 undergraduate) who are fully engaged in vigorous cross-disciplinary networking within our nucleus, which is complemented with interaction with other ICM initiatives. In this context we organized three different short and focused courses for graduate students and technicians. Sustained outreach took place through our Website and a growing presence in social networks that now include an active Facebook page and a YouTube Channel and over 46 print, multimedia and online articles. These constant activities are supplemented by the MUSELS’ Webinars Series together with a total of 12 presentations in national and 18 in international conferences, the organization of one large international symposia and the attendance to 4 international and 3 national workshops. National and international collaboration networks are now a consolidated part of MUSELS. We participate and sustain collaborations with all the global networks for the study of Ocean Acidification (OA) and Ocean Carbon (OA-ICC, OAIRUG and IOCCP) and we are leading the expansion of the Latin America OA network (LAOCA). We also consolidated our collaborative effort with the Chilean shellfish farming industry and related socio-ecological actors through research and outreach activities, following the production of regular online reports and data feeds, periodic meetings with strategic industry partners and other knowledge transfer and capacity-building mechanisms. During the 2017-2019 stage we aim to consolidate resilience in the socio-ecological sector solidifying our partnerships and connecting the social capital we are helping to build. High-school graduates from partner technical schools supported by MUSELS are now being incorporated in the workforce to act as in-house peers in our collaborative work with the industry. This will enable the scientific basis for adaptation and resilience of the social-ecological system to come from the bottom-up, and open the door for the sustainable placement of young scientists in the aquaculture industry. This is outstanding and truly pioneering. Its continued progress will no doubt provide the basis for a world-class, sustainable shellfish aquaculture industry.


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1.2 Resumen Ejecutivo A nivel mundial, la acuicultura proporciona aproximadamente la mitad de la proteína animal de alta calidad que consumen las actividades humanas y Chile es uno de los líderes mundiales en la pesca y la acuicultura. Pese a este liderazgo, se requiere de forma urgente una visión integradora de los factores humanos, ambientales, económicos y ecológicos que sostienen el sistema socioecológico de la acuicultura en el país y el mundo. El objetivo central de nuestra propuesta, y el foco de la segunda etapa de MUSELS es definir clusters dentro del sistema socio-ecológico de acuicultura, abordando eventos específicos y recurrentes con efectos potencialmente dañinos, lo que nos permitirá formular nuevas hipótesis sobre la evolución de los patrones de plasticidad en condiciones de ambientes variables y condiciones extremas. Queremos usar esta información para desarrollar mapas de vulnerabilidad espacialmente explícitos, que conectados con la información de las ciencias sociales pueden ayudar a diseñar y guiar las acciones de adaptación locales. En colaboración con la industria, estamos llevando a cabo experimentos de translocación y de jardín común, con el objetivo de construir la norma de reacción para los rasgos fenotípicos relevantes de las especies cultivadas y así utilizar esto en la planificación espacial marina. Estamos generando información pionera enfocándonos en los impactos de múltiples estresores en los atributos del mercado. Impulsados por nuevas evidencias sobre el cambio en la composición del paisaje en el sur de Chile, estamos dando los primeros pasos en la combinación múltiple de herramientas satelitales y campañas de campo, conectando el cambio de uso de la tierra y el océano costero. Al integrar la información resultante de las evaluaciones oceanográficas, ecológicas y sociales, hemos desarrollado un marco para la para que la industria mejore sus propias capacidades en I + D, y pueda hacer frente a múltiples forzantes ambientales y socioeconómicos que trae el cambio global. Nuestra investigación se organiza en torno a tres líneas de investigación (RL) dedicadas a comprender la variabilidad ambiental en las áreas donde se desarrolla la cría de bivalvos (RL1), llevando a cabo experimentos que nos permitan caracterizar las respuestas biológicas a múltiples estresores ambientales (RL2) y estudiar la dimensión humana y el sistema socio-ecológico en el que se desarrolla la industria acuícola (RL3). Los esfuerzos en torno a RL1 incluyeron disciplinas como la oceanografía física, biológica y química, la toxicología y la biogeoquímica; hemos caracterizado la heterogeneidad espacial y temporal en temperatura, pH, pCO2 y salinidad en pleno compromiso con la industria, el gobierno y otros actores relevantes. Estas actividades han proporcionado ambiental socialmente validada para guiar el trabajo experimental (RL2) y ayudado a examinar la capacidad de adaptación del sistema socioeconómico a escenarios concretos (RL3). Durante esta etapa, RL2 está trabajando a plena capacidad, involucrando ecofisiología, genética molecular y biología experimental y ahora utilizando información ambiental muy detallada (RL1). Grandes experimentos factoriales que involucran a muchos investigadores y estudiantes están en proceso utilizando rangos de factores estresantes (e.g. RL1, temperatura, contaminantes, metales y pH/pCO2) y animales de nuestros socios en la industria para generar resultados relevantes para la capacidad de adaptación, e identificados como preocupaciones primordiales por el sistema socio-ecológico (RL3). La acumulación de resultados de RL1 y 2 ha permitido que RL3 también alcance su plena capacidad, integrando ecología, sociología, psicología y economía de recursos naturales, para comprender cómo la toma de decisiones y las preferencias de las personas que participan en la industria de la acuicultura brindan oportunidades y barreras para generar capacidad de adaptación para enfrentar múltiples estresores ambientales (RL1), fisiológicos (RL2), económicos y sociales. La retroalimentación interdisciplinaria amplió los parámetros estimados por RL2, orientó campañas de campo de RL1 y enriqueció nuestra concepción del sistema socio-ecológico. Por lo tanto, el flujo de información entre las líneas de investigación puso en práctica con éxito nuestro carácter interdisciplinario y causó un impacto significativo en la ciencia. La integración de nuestras líneas de investigación ha sido un desafío y creemos que nuestro éxito se puede medir en


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los logros descritos en este informe y se resumen a continuación. El compromiso de la productividad científica ha incluido investigadores asociados, asistentes e investigadores jóvenes, postdoctorados y graduados y ha generado una productividad científica sobresaliente en investigación de frontera, totalizando 29 publicaciones durante los primeros seis meses, de julio a diciembre de 2017, de nuestra extensión de tres años. Además de publicaciones integrativas escritas en colaboración entre varios PI en revistas como Nature Ecology & Evolution, también hemos generado varias en revistas como Aquaculture, Ambio y Marine Pollution Bulletin, y hemos sido coautores de un capítulo de un libro histórico sobre la adaptación de la pesca y la acuicultura a cambio climático, lo que nos proporciona una mayor visibilidad con la comunidad científica más amplia tradicionalmente relacionada con la acuicultura. Durante este nuevo período de 3 años, MUSELS comienza con 6 investigadores asociados, 2 investigadores asistentes, 5 investigadores jóvenes, 4 investigadores sénior, 5 becarios postdoctorales, 5 estudiantes de doctorado, 4 estudiantes de maestría, 6 estudiantes de pregrado, 5 asistentes de investigación, 1 periodista, y 1 gerente administrativo, consolidando un equipo de 44 personas. Estamos brindando oportunidades de liderazgo en nuestro floreciente grupo de científicos que inician su carrera y aumentando su compromiso con MUSELS. Actualmente, contamos con 5 becarios postdoctorales y 15 estudiantes (5 de doctorado, 4 de maestría y 6 de pregrado) que participan plenamente en una red interdisciplinaria dentro de nuestro núcleo, y que se complementa a través de la interacción con otras iniciativas de ICM. En este contexto, hemos organizado tres diferentes cursos cortos y enfocados para estudiantes de posgrado y técnicos. Este éxito sostenido se ha llevado a cabo a través de nuestro sitio web y una creciente presencia en las redes sociales que ahora incluyen una página activa de Facebook y un canal de YouTube y más de 46 artículos impresos, multimedia y en línea. Estas actividades constantes se complementan con nuestro nuevo Webinars MUSELS, junto con un total de 12 presentaciones en conferencias nacionales y 18 en conferencias internacionales, la organización de un gran simposio internacional y la asistencia a 4 talleres internacionales y 3 nacionales. Las redes de colaboración nacionales e internacionales son ahora además, un componente realmente consolidado en MUSELS. Participamos y mantenemos colaboraciones con todas las redes mundiales para el estudio de la Acidificación Oceánica (OA) y el Carbono Oceánico (OA-ICC, OAIRUG e IOCCP) y lideramos la expansión de la red OA en América Latina (LAOCA). También consolidamos nuestro esfuerzo de colaboración con la industria chilena de moluscos y actores socio-ecológicos relacionados, ya sea a través de actividades de investigación y/o divulgación, siguiendo la producción de informes en línea y alimentando periódicamente las bases de datos, realizando además reuniones periódicas con socios industriales estratégicos y otros mecanismos de transferencia de conocimiento y creación de capacidades. Durante la etapa 2017-2019, buscamos consolidar la resiliencia en el sector socio-ecológico solidificando nuestras asociaciones y conectando el capital social que estamos ayudando a construir. Los graduados de secundaria de las escuelas técnicas asociadas a MUSELS, se están ahora incorporando a la fuerza de trabajo para actuar como pares internos en nuestro trabajo colaborativo con la industria. Esto permitirá crear las bases científicas para la adaptación y la resiliencia del sistema socio-ecológico de este sector productivo, y que provenga de abajo hacia arriba, abriendo de esta forma la puerta para la ubicación sostenible de jóvenes científicos en la industria de la acuicultura. Esto es sobresaliente y verdaderamente pionero. Su progreso continuo sin duda proporcionará la base para una industria acuícola sostenible y de clase mundial.


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2. Introduction

a) Description of the Nucleus: There is growing global concern regarding the effects and possible interactions, both synergistic and antagonistic, of the multiple and new sources of environmental stress for marine biota (e.g. ocean acidification, global warming, deoxygenation or pollution). MUSELS aims to generate scientific information of the environmental and ecosystem services from which the industry depends, and employs interdisciplinary research approaches to test hypotheses associated to how multiple stressors could alter coastal resources, society and farmed shellfish species. Our main challenge is to develop a frontier scientific process in close proximity with the industry, transmitting, and installing scientific capabilities through the establishment of scientists and R&D networks within them. For this new period (2017-2019) we propose new scientific challenges. MUSELS is defining social-ecological aquaculture clusters, to address specific recurring events that have potentially harmful effects. On a regional spatial scale, this information will allow us to formulate novel hypotheses about the evolution of plasticity patterns under increasingly fluctuating environments and extreme conditions that populations might experience in their local habitats. By using this information we can develop spatially explicit vulnerability maps, which connected with information from social sciences, can help design and guide local adaptation actions. Moreover, these regional scenarios will be used to design perturbations experiments and its consequences on the socio-ecological system. In collaboration with the industry, we are conducting translocation and common-garden experiments, aimed to construct the reaction norm for relevant phenotypic traits of the cultured species to use them in marine spatial planning. From our experimental program in small in-house laboratories in the industry, we are generating pioneering information focusing on multiple-stressor impacts on market attributes. Driven by new evidences about changing landscape composition in southern Chile, we are giving first steps in the multiple-combination of satellite tools and field campaigns, for connecting land use change and the coastal ocean. Much of this innovation is carrying out by graduate students and postdocs, training a new generation of scientists capable of addressing complex and interdisciplinary challenges. By integrating information resulting from oceanographic, ecological, and social assessments we have developed a framework for shellfish aquaculture to improve their own capabilities in research and development, to face multiple environmental and socio-economic drivers upon global change. b) Research Lines: MUSELS has three scientific lines dedicated to understand environmental

variability in the areas where bivalve farming takes place (RL1), to carry out experiments that will allows us to characterize the biological responses to multiple environmental stressors (RL2) and to study the human dimension and the socio-ecological system where the aquaculture industry takes place (RL3):

RL1-Environmental Variability, which includes physical, biological and chemical oceanography, toxicology and biogeochemistry, has the main goal of characterizing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of environmental conditions that aquaculture farms are exposed to. During this new stage RL1 included the collection of observations through deployment of sensors and the compilation and validation of environmental information generated by the industry. Recently, we submitted our first study focused in the establishment of a baseline of the environmental conditions in the areas where bivalve farming takes place, allowing us to derive realistic ranges of environmental variability (or different scenarios). These results will clarify and define key forcing or environmental stressors that were used to carry out experiments, define biological responses for the target species (RL2), and examine the adaptive capacity of the socio-economic system upon such scenarios (RL3). Our laboratories have also standardized new analytical techniques for characterization of environmental variability in northern and southern Chile.


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RL2-Experiments and Biological Response, which involves ecophysiology, molecular genetics and experimental biology. Experimental design was based in environmental variability information from RL1. The individuals used in our experiments were obtained directly from our partners in the industry, allowing us to work with the natural biological stock. During this renewal period of our fourth year, we are conducting in situ experiments with juvenile mussels in order to understand how natural environmental variability may impact physiological traits of farmer mussels. New experiments have been conducted aiming to understand the transgenerational carry-over of mussels upon changing environmental conditions. These results have been focused on detecting biological responses that are relevant for the adaptive capacity of the industry, importantly; these responses were determined by RL3 as primary concerns for the socio-ecological system and represent an enormous and innovative departure from our traditional approach. RL3-Human Dimension and Social-Ecological Systems, which integrates ecology, sociology, psychology, and economy of natural resources, has the aim of understanding how decision-making and the preferences of people participating of the aquaculture industry, provides opportunities and barriers to generate adaptive capacity to face multiple environmental (RL1), physiological (RL2), economic and social stressors. The research line studies the perception of civil society towards different anthropogenic impacts by surveying the key actors of the industry and the diverse productive sectors united around it. It also conducts analysis of regulatory coherence regarding aquaculture in Chile. This information is complemented with secondary data from state institutions, associated civil entities and networking with other national research institutions. Surveys are promptly communicated to RL1 and RL2, and the preliminary results determined a broadening of the range of parameters estimated for RL2 and have provided local ecological insights to orient the field campaigns from RL1. Thus, the information flow between research lines operationalized our interdisciplinary character and has caused a significant impact on how the three research lines generate science.

c) Organization of researcher’s team: During this new 3-year period, MUSELS starts with 6 associate researchers, 2 assistant researchers, 5 young researchers, 4 senior researchers, 5 postdoctoral fellows, 5 PhD students, 4 MSc students, 6 undergraduate students, 5 research assistants, 1 journalist, and 1 administrative manager, consolidating a team of 44 people. A new associate researcher has been included in the core of MUSELS’s researcher, the benthic ecologist, Dr. Nelson Lagos. One of the policies of our research center has been to encourage the participation of early career researchers, providing them with leadership opportunities and increasing their commitment in MUSELS. For instance, two of the MUSELS’s young researchers advanced to assistant researcher (Dr. Cristian Duarte& Dr. Roberto Ponce), and three post-doctorates are now young researchers in MUSELS, which also implies the incorporation of a new female scientist to our team (Dr. Laura Ramajo, Dr. Antonio Cuevas &Dr. Carlos Lara). We have also included a new young researcher, Dr. Andrés Marín from the Universidad de Los Lagos, thus increasing our geographical coverage in Chile and bolstering our social sciences area. As in previous years, different researchers organized multiple activities for each research line, coordinating the manpower; infrastructure and funding required accomplishing our multiple objectives. To encourage interaction, cooperation and transdiscipline, we organized several meetings involving all or part of part of the core members that were complemented with visits and training courses for students and technicians in different partner laboratories. Additionally, each associate has been responsible for reviewing and evaluating new applications from students and postdocs, organizing fieldwork, analyzing databases and promoting collaborative networks and scientific events together with our administration office. Interacting with other ICM initiatives, the MUSELS’ Director is also part of IMO as an associate researcher. Other core researchers (S. Gelcich, B. Broitman) were also associated to the CMC initiative during part of 2017, the new associate Dr. Lagos is also a PI of a CONICYT program (Anillos-PIA) which is producing interesting synergies as joint workshops, use of equipment and some co-authored publications.


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3. Scientific and technological research: a) Current status of research lines: One of the main achievements for this new stage of the MUSELS’s program has been the impressive engagement of our broad multidisciplinary team of research scientists and the full coordination between our field research activities and mussels/scallops producers. We’ve consolidated our position as an internationally recognized research group with most of our researchers engaged in international cooperation research proposals (IOCCP, GOA-ON, OAiRUG, LAOCA, SOLAS, etc), workshops and working groups This commitment has included associate, assistant and young researchers, postdocs and graduate students and has resulted outstanding scientific productivity in frontier research, totaling 29 publications in less than one year. Here, we present some of the main achievements during the first six months, from July to December 2017, of our three-year extension. RL1-Environmental Variability: The short 6-month initial period of the last leg of MUSELS has allowed us to carry out an extensive synthesis and re-analysis of the information generated during the first three years of research. The new analysis has provided an unprecedented baseline of the dominant scales of variability for the sources of variability of water column properties across the mussel-farming region in the Inner Sea of Chiloé (ISC), from large-scale meteorological forcing to mesoscale and local processes. We examined meteorological time series from NCEP-DOE Reanalysis, which were combined with satellite-derived data (MODIS-Aqua) and in situ records from the mussel farming industry as well as from our oceanographic buoys moored at 2 locations of this region. Our results revealed that patterns of atmospheric and oceanographic variability along this region in southern Chile are extremely heterogeneous both in time and space. The northern Patagonia, where a significant fraction of the mussel farming industry is located, is strongly affected by large-scale processes at the South Pacific basin-scale (Narváez et al. submitted). This response enhances the importance of large-scale processes in the local aquaculture activities in the region and need to be taken in account in planning and management decisions and future environmental change. During 2017, we conducted the first regional assessment of MODIS satellite ocean color products (OC3 and nFLH), to understand the natural variability of chlorophyll/phytoplankton in the Inner Sea of Chiloé, northern Patagonia (Lara et al. 2017). This is a highly relevant tool, since we can now better understand the interaction among oceanographic processes, phytoplankton biomass, and mussel growth, and it can also inform new tools designed to characterize the temporal dynamic of harmful algal blooms in the region. We also defined the sampling areas of a specific study aiming to understand the impact of changing land uses on the distribution of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and its relationship with the carbonate system in the coastal ocean (PhD Thesis, Elizabeth Curra). The information recorded by our oceanographic platforms is also regularly distributed to the entire industry and stakeholders through Newsletter and/or online website (e.g., CEAZA-Net), some of whom make intensive use of it (e.g. INVERTEC Scallop farming company). During 2017 we have continued with a time series of carbonate system in coastal waters off Concepcion, near a small mussel farming area (Mytilus galloprovincialis) (Sepúlveda et al. in preparation). This time-series is focused in the characterization of pH/pCO2 variability in an upwelling ecosystem, providing basis for the design of future experiments in natural corrosive waters (low CaCO3 saturation). One of our novel findings reported, was the persistent presence of high- pCO2 waters at several locations of the coastline used by the shellfish industry, with pH and pCO2 levels corresponding to ocean acidification (OA) scenarios projected for 2100 according the IPCC Panel (Vargas et al. 2017). During this year, most MUSELS’s associate researchers (Lagos, Broitman, Gelcich, Lardies) were invited to participate in a book about the impacts of climate change on marine fisheries and aquaculture in Chile, which also give us the possibility to synthesize some of the information collected by MUSELS during the last three to four years (Yáñez et al. 2017). The use of public-only data highlighted the value of open, long-term observations as a key for the resilience of the socio-ecological sector. Based in the


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recent paper published in Nature Ecology & Evolution (Vargas et al. 2017), we are using public information from GLODAP (Global Ocean Data Analysis Project) and SOCAT (Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas) for understand the biological response of different marine invertebrates upon changing ocean conditions reported in the literature. This meta-analysis will provide the basis for understand the plasticity of marine organisms upon natural variability in different regions of the world ocean, expanding our knowledge from local/regional to global scale (Vargas et al. in preparation). MUSELS has also strengthened the cooperation programs with research groups both in Chile (COPAS Sur Austral, INCAR) and abroad (CEFAS and PML (UK), OAICC-IAEA (Monaco), and public and private institutions to jointly characterize environmental variability in areas of interest for aquaculture production. Finally, during 2017 we have standardized new analytical techniques, such as measurements of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) at high precision level, as requested by international carbon research programs (e.g. International Ocean Carbon Coordination Program, IOCCP). RL2-Experiments and Biological Response: During this first year we have moved forward materializing experiments regarding multiple stressors linked to global anthropogenic environmental change (e.g., ocean acidification, warming, salinity, cadmium and microplastic pollution), using realistic scenarios based on our environmental monitoring (RL1) and its impact on life stages (adults, juveniles) critical for the aquaculture socio-ecological system (RL3). Field experiments and sampling incorporated geographic variability evaluating biological responses of farmed resources and alternative species models along the Chilean coast, including upwelling influences, estuarine areas and intertidal pools, which evidenced important increments in pCO2 levels (hypercapnic habitats). Experimental results inon scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) cultured in northern Chile (Tongoy Bay) indicate variable responses which are ameliorated by increased temperature, suggesting that natural variability in upwelling areas (low temperature, high pCO2, low pH) may promote acclimation and adaptation potential in this mollusk (Lardies et al. 2017). Our results on mussels (M.chilensis) farmed in southern Chile combined with low pH, low salinity has a important role on decreasing clearance rate, absorption efficiency and scope for growth (Duarte et al. accepted), which is relevant for ecosystems of the northern Patagonia, where occur the 60% of mussel production, and is already exposed to progressive acidification and decrease of salinity by ice melting (Vargas et al. 2018, not included in this report). The interaction of acidification, temperature and cadmium was evaluated by using trans-generational experiments, evidencing that the exposure of parents to acidification, induce a relevant transgenerational effect on larval stages of M. chilensis to withstand high pCO2 scenarios (Díaz et al.submitted). Finally, experiments incorporating the giant mussels Choromytiluschorus as alternative resource model, we find that ocean acidification scenarios do not affect their scope for growth of juveniles, highlighting the potential importance of this resource as adaptation strategy for the sustainability activities of the aquaculture to be performed in northern Patagonia (Benitez et al. accepted). However, the combined impact of ingestion of microplastic with acidification evidenced a significant reduction in the scope for growth of this giant mussel. Exposures to 100 microplastic/L particles lead to a decrease in biomass ca. 8%, which may imply economic losses in aquaculture of more than $200 million annually (Opitz, 2017; Master in Sciences Thesis). Finally, field experimental studies with M. chilensis using reciprocal transplants showed high inter-population variability, being individuals inhabiting estuarine zones more tolerant to low pH levels than individuals from inhabiting marine populations, a pattern that may result from an energetic compromise evidenced through low growth and high metabolic costs (Osores et al. in 2017). Using alternative species models along the Chilean coast we evaluated the expression of environmentally induced plasticity in thermal physiology and local thermal adaptation in different populations along the coast. Results indicate that for to understand the likely effects of climate change on energy metabolism of natural populations of marine (e.g., crustacean, crabs), is require to perform


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multivariate assessment integrating the species range distribution (Gaitán-Espitía et al. 2017). In addition, the metabolism of the shrimp B. emarginatus did not vary linearly with latitude, but we found higher plasticity in populations located at the zones of biogeographic breaks and in populations subject to seasonal upwelling (Barria et al. submitted). This pervasive role of upwelling dynamics on acclimation also affects the reproductive output of neritic copepods (Acartia tonsa) when exposed to acidification scenarios (Aguilera et al. submitted). Finally, the impact of ocean acidification was also evaluated on marine vertebrates, the fish Girella laevifrons, which inhabit hypercapnic habitats such as the intertidal pools and this exposure to high CO2 levels promote a strong physiological homeostasis in juvenile fishes but negative effects on animal behavior (Benitez et al. 2017). A book chapter about of the “Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture in Chile” (Yañez et al. 2017), summarizes our cross-disciplinary vision about which efforts need to be performed by the Chilean aquaculture to reduce the risks and uncertainties associated with future climate scenarios in the region. RL3-Human Dimension and Social-Ecological Systems: During year 2017 research line 3 has continued to address issues related to the mussel industry and the development and testing of approaches aimed at understanding vulnerability, adaptive capacity and the way global stressors can impact people and business at local scales. Rivera et al 2017 assessed used perception research, an efficient tool to inform on the implementation of management strategies, to provide policy makers with the tools necessary for the development of strategies that will aid in the sustainability of the mussel industry. The study assessed the perceptions of the four main small and medium scale stakeholder groups in the mussel industry (i.e., seed collectors, growing farms, processing plants and service providers) on the challenges, obstacles and improvements in the industry. Results and co-authorship is shared with industry consultants and have begun to help scientist and policymakers become more knowledgeable about how to trigger and support individual and collective action towards sustainability. A new article, which draws on these results, is currently in the process of being published (Fernandez et al accepted). It is an extension of this work but focuses in the heterogeneity and the building of typologies within artisanal seed producers as a way to target policy and development interventions. As part of the renewal process of the center, this research line has begun to address issues of vulnerability. The papers of Thiault et al 2017 and Crona et al 2017 have begun to allow addressing determinants and frameworks to address vulnerability. In fact, drawing on these 2 studies and a few others (reported in the year 2016) we have managed to develop an adaptive capacity framework (Cinner et al 2018). Importantly, this framework is informing research which is assessing 90 mussel aquaculture centers drivers of adaptive responses to different crisis. Results show the industry adapts in heterogeneous ways and that financial assets and social capital drive willingness to invest in adaptive capacity. During this year we have also begun to explore sea-land interactions and how these relations might affect the adaptive potential of different coastal livelihoods (Van Holt et al 2017). Results of this initial study, although correlational, suggest that fishers harvesting in areas near tree plantations reduced benthic-invertebrate harvests in favor of demersal and pelagic finfish that are usually located further offshore. This behavioral pattern can be predicted by landscape change patterns at local (~ 200 km) and regional (~ 1200 km) levels. One of the key developments during 2017 has been the implementation and analysis of a large economic experiment survey aimed at addressing consumer’s marginal willingness to pay for different mussel attributes which can be impacted by ocean acidification (PhD thesis, Valeska San Martin). An article, shortly to be submitted, combines both biological and these economic experiments to assess the impacts of ocean acidification over physical and nutritional attributes of mussels and their consequences over consumers’ preferences and wellbeing. We specifically test the impact of OA over commercially relevant attributes of mussels, and then use these results to inform economic choice models, which assess the marginal effects of these impacts over consumers´ preferences and wellbeing. Importantly, results show that attributes, which are significantly affected by OA, are also the most valued for consumers and affect their marginal willingness to pay. This trans-


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disciplinary approach developed complements research on OA by providing a way to bridge the disconnection between ocean acidification as a global phenomenon and the local economic implications it has for people and industry. Finally, based on the learning process associated to the writing of articles on conceptual boundaries for aquaculture growth (Broitman et al 2017) and the use of biodiversity offsetting schemes (Gelcich et al 2017) we are designing a new survey aimed at addressing economic instruments associated to the use and investment in the science of global stressors by aquaculture industry. We anticipate this new survey will shed important insights into how to design information centers and protocols aimed at anticipating future change. b) Publications: The outstanding publication track of MUSELS is a suitable gauge of our common drive to bridge interdisciplinary gaps. Over 50% of the publications has been co-authored or led by our current and former students and postdocs, more than 50% of our publications involves more than 2 MUSELS’s researchers, and we have generated three synthesis publications that were coauthored by most of the PI’s, together with our international collaborators. One of these publications (Vargas et al. 2017 - Nº16) has accrued 15 citations in less than a year. Below we provide their description:

1. Saavedra L.M., Parra D., San Martin V., Lagos N.A., Vargas C.A. (2017) This publication explores the effects of future ocean pH conditions on the performance of a wild mussel species using individuals from populations living under contrasting environmental conditions, finding a surprising degree of phenotypic plasticity.

2. Castillo N., Saavedra L.M., Vargas C.A., Gallardo-Escárate C. and Detree C. (2017) This paper leverages on our prior experience the effects of pH on commercial mussels to assess their immune response to pathogens under future ocean pH scenarios using transcriptomics.

3. Parada G.M., Martínez E.A., Aguilera M.A., Oróstica M.H. and Broitman B.R. (2017) Using field and laboratory experiments, this work establishes the interplay between the recolonization of an exploited kelp and the abundance of two others species of algae.

4. Mardones F.O., Paredes F., Medina M., Tello A., Valdivia V., Ibarra R., Correa J. and Gelcich S. (2017) Through a participatory research approach, this publication defines the main challenges and cross-validated R&D avenues to address a widely prevalent and costly aquaculture disease.

5. Rivera A., Unibazo J., León P., Vázquez F.,Ponce R., Mansur L. and Gelcich S. (2017) A wide interview encompassing the mussel aquaculture sector identifies the main opportunities for targeted interventions around technology, finance, infrastructure and management.

6. Yáñez E., Lagos N.A., Norambuena R., Silva C., Letelier J., Muck K-P., San Martin G., Benítez S., Broitman B.R., Contreras H., Duarte C.,Gelcich S., Labra F.A., Lardies M.A., Manríquez P.H., Quijón P.A., Ramajo L., et al. (2017) This book chapter provides a comprehensive outline of the main effects expected from climate change on the Chilean fisheries and aquaculture sectors.

7. Lara C., Saldías G.S., Westberry T.K., Behrenfeld M.J. and Broitman B.R. (2017) This report provides the first empirical assessment of some of the widely utilized ocean color products, validating them against data collected in the region where most mussel aquaculture takes place.

8. Davis K., Kragt M.E., Gelcich S., Burton M., Schilizzi S. and Pannell D.J. (2017) This paper assesses the contextual reasons why fishermen are disincentivized from enforcing their exclusive territorial rights concluding that the main reason is a perceived ineffectiveness from the government.

9. Rivera A., Gelcich S., García-Florez L. and Acuña J.L. (2017) This report presents an assessment of the current status of a long-held fisheries scheme detecting some notable heterogeneity between users, but highlighting an overall convergence to a strong conservation ethics among users.


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10. García-Huidobro M., Aldana M., Duarte C., Galbán-Malagón C. and Pulgar J. (2017) This report assess the effects of multiple stressors on a wild fish, reinforcing our understanding of the deleterious effects of these stressors on organismal performance.

11. Lardies M.A, Benitez S., Osores S.J.A., Vargas C.A., Duarte C., Lohrmann K.B. and Lagos N.A. (2017) By manipulating pH and temperature, this paper establishes the deleterious effects of future scenarios on the performance of a cultured scallop.

12. Perez-Matus A., Carrasco S.A., Gelcich S., Fernandez M. and Wieters E.A. (2017) This paper examines of the combined effect of contrasting oceanographic conditions and differences in the kelp fisheries management regime on the integrity of coastal kelp forest ecosystems

13. MacMillan M.R., Cristian C. and Quijón P. (2017) This manuscript provides a critical examination of the combined effects of backshore geology and erosion rates on the ecology of sandy beach habitats indicating contrasting conditions arising from the control exerted by geological features.

14. Arnold W.S., Meyers S.D., Geiger S.P., Luther M.E., Narváez D.A., Frischer M.E. and Hoffman E. (2017) An integrated biophysical flow model explicitly simulates larval trajectories and ontogeny is used to assess connectivity patterns between exploited bivalve populations to guide ongoing conservation and management efforts.

15. Quijón P., Tummon Flynn P. and Duarte C. (2017) The overtly negative perception of invasive species is commented against the positive evidence available for some of them as trophic subsidies.

16. Vargas C.A., Lagos N.A., Lardies M., Duarte C., Manríquez P.H., Aguilera V., Broitman B.R., Widdicombe S. and Dupont S. (2017) A meta-analysis of the effects of experimental manipulation of pH on benthic organisms along the eastern Pacific uncovered large phenotypic plasticity within and between species, which were largely explained by the range of conditions found in the habitats.

17. Crona B., Gelcich S. and Bodin O. (2017) This analysis explores goes beyond fisheries outcomes by providing a critical examination of the social sources of of success, or failure, in the management of coastal fisheries, highlighting the importance of broad social indicators and the nuanced nature of social capital as a metric.

18. Jacob B.G., Von Dasow P., Salisbury J.E. Navarro J.M. and Vargas C.A. (2017) The experimental assessment of the effects of ocean acidification on an important species of microalgae suggested minor effects, that appear to be trade-off through changing lipid composition, and therefore in its food quality for potential consumers.

19. Gaitán-Espitia J.D., Bacigalupe L.D., Opitz T., Lagos N.A., Osores S.J.A. and Lardies M.A. (2017) Individuals of a wild crab obtained from populations spread across a large latitudinal gradient were exposed to thermal stress finding a surprising lack of plasticity and local thermal adaptation.

20. Vergara K., Tapia S., De la Barra C., Godoy N., Castilla J.C. and Gelcich S. (2017) This paper explores the emergence, development and current status of and unregulated fishery driven by demand for aquarium food, as a distant global driver.

21. Osores S.J.A., Lagos N.A., San Martín V., Manríquez P.H., Vargas C.A., Torres R., Navarro J.M., Poupin M.J., Saldías G.S. and Lardies M.A. (2017) Through a reciprocal transplant, this study shows that the responses of a suite of phenotypic traits of a cultivated mussel are not clearly linked to the environmental conditions of the source population. The results highlight the importance of further targeted studies to understand the responses of cultivated species to climate change.

22. Valdivia N., Segovia-Rivera V., Fica E., Bonta C., Aguilera M., and Broitman, B.R. (2017) By analyzing a large dataset on the distribution and abundance of different species and their functional traits, this study uncovers a strong context-dependency in the way functional attributes are distributed following differences in environmental patterns.


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23. Benítez S., Duarte C., Opitz T., Lagos N.A., Pulgar J., Vargas C.A. and Lardies M.A. (2017) This study uncovers that the lack of physiological responses in juvenile wild fish exposed to low pH conditions is accompanied by a change in behavior, with potentially detrimental consequences for their development.

24. Broitman B.R., Halpern B., Gelcich S., Lardies M.A., Vargas C.A., Vásquez-Lavín F., Widdicombe S. and Birchenough S. (2017) This perspective piece provides a quick synthesis of the factors that limit aquaculture production. It advances the discussion providing a conceptual model where the interactions between limiting factors are fundamental drivers of sustainability.

25. Mizraji R., Ahrendt C., Perez-Venegas D., Vargas J., Pulgar J., Aldana M., Ojeda F. P., Duarte C. and Galbán-Malagón C. (2017) This baseline study documents that marked differences exist in the microplastic content present in wild fishes from different trophic groups and that differences are accompanied by lowered reproductive conditions.

26. Rivera A., Gelcich S., Garcia L. and Acuna J. (2017) A retrospective analysis of long-term fisheries data of a fishery managed through the allocation of exclusive rights shows that the success of the scheme rests on the flexibility of the scheme, which has allowed the constant engagement of participants in the system.

27. Gelcich S., Cinner J., Donlan C.J., Tapia-Lewin S., Godoy N. and Castilla J.C. (2017) Using a long-term term view and a comprehensive survey of fishermen, this paper shows that the territorial empowerment provided by the current regulation has been successful promoting innovation and stewardship, despite sometimes unrealized economic returns.

Summary table

Category of Publication MSI Center Members Number of Publications coauthored by students

Total Number of Publications

ISI Publications or Similar to ISI Standard

Associate Researchers 12 22 Other Researchers 1 5

SCIELO Publications or Similar to SCIELO Standard


Scientific Books and chapters


Other Scientific Publications


Total of Publications 15 30 Other achievements: Patents: No patents reported. Intellectual property: No intellectual property reported. Congress Presentations: During 2017, MUSELS participated in many national and international

scientific activities. Moreover, we have played a key role in the organization of international scientific events (e.g. LAOCA Symposium 2017). Researchers, assistants, and postdocs participated actively covering a wide range of academics, policy makers, and the general community interest groups. Details are included in the Annex 4, e.g.:


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1. XVII Chilean Congress of Mechanical Engineering. November 21th, 2017, Santiago, Chile. As an example of our multidisciplinary work, our associate researchers, Dr. N. Lagos and M. Lardies showed their results (RL2) regarding a study focused on structural and mechanical aspects in scallops valves exposed to ocean acidification impact.

2.LX Annual Meeting of the Biological Society of Chile and XXIV Ecology Society Meeting. November 21th, 2017, Puerto Varas, Chile. Our PhD student V. San Martin, and associated researchers, B. Broitman, M. Lardies, and N. Lagos presented some of her results from RL1 and RL2 about the impact of global change on mussel farming socio.ecological system.

3.XVII Latin American Meeting of Marine Sciences (COLACMAR). November 13 to 17th, 2017, Camboriu, BRAZIL.Our postgraduate and postdocs participated actively during this event, who presented the major results obtained by MUSELS during this new stage (e.g. V. San Martin, L. Saavedra from RL1, 2 and RL3)

4. V Congress of Physical Oceanography, Meteorology and Climate of the South Eastern Pacific, November 6th, 2017, Concepción, Chile. This event, which is organized annually in Chile is focused on the analysis and discussion of major scientific findings in the region. Our young researchers C. Lara, presented relevant results from RL1, about natural variability in southern Chile by using satellite tools.

5. 1rst Latin American Symposium of Ocean Acidification (LAOCA), October 24th and 26th, 2017, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA.This event was one of the most scientifically relevant in 2017, given that MUSELS acted both as a promoter of this network in Latin America (LAOCA), but also as an organizer of this first LAOCA Network symposium. Most of our undergraduate, PhD fellows, postdoc, and researchers showed major results of MUSELS’s research.

6. Pew Marine Conservation Fellow Annual Meeting, October 20-22th, 2017, Puerto Varas, Chile. Our principal researcher, S. Gelcich was named a PEW Fellow in Marine Conservation in 2014, the world's pre- eminent award in that field. In this event, Dr. Gelcich presented some of his scientific achievements, and our Director was invited as speaker during a workshop about Sustainable Aquaculture.

7.International Conference EuroGOOS 2017, October 10th, 2017, Bergen, NORWAY. Our young researchers, L. Cuevas (RL1) presented major results from our oceanographic buoys.

8. 64th Annual Conference of the Eastern Pacific Ocean EPOC 2017,September 17th, 2017, California, United States. One of our young researcher was presenting main results from studies focused on coastal biophysical processes structuring marine communities along Chilean coasts.

9. Summer workshop on Honeywell Durafet pH sensor technology for seawater pH time series,September 11-12th, 2017, Villefranche, FRANCE. The aim of the workshop was to provide participants with an understanding of the principles of pH-sensor calibration using discrete reference samples, data interpretation, and reporting.

10. International Congress of Ecology (INTECOL 2017), August 20-25th, 2017, Beijing, CHINA. Our principal researchers, M. Lardies presented the progress in the investigation of phenotypic plasticity of mollusks, derived from RL2.

11. Our Director, Dr. C.A. Vargas was invited as plenary speaker to different national and international events, such as, the V Congress of Physical Oceanography, Meteorology and Climate of the South Eastern Pacific, November 7th, 2017, Concepción, Chile, and the1rstLatin American Symposium of Ocean Acidification (LAOCA), October 24th and 26th, 2017, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA.


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Summary Table

Type of presentation National Events [Number]

International Events [Number]

A. Associate Researchers Conferences, oral communications, poster communications, others (specify) 15 7

Invited presentations 1 1 B. Other researchers (Adjunct Researchers, Senior Researchers, Young Researchers, Postdoctoral Researchers and Students) Conferences, oral communications, poster communications, others (specify) 8 13

Invited presentations (not included in above row) 0 0

Organization of Scientific Events: 1. Need for Environmental Knowledge in Chile. November 23th, 2017; Santiago, Chile.This

presentation was given in the framework of a workshop organized by the Economic Commision for Latin America and the Caribbean. Dr. C. Duarte participated as main speaker in this event.

2. Course on total Alkalinity Measurements in Seawater. April 6th, 2017. Santiago de Chile. This course was organized by our Young researcher, Dr. Laura Ramajo, which was focused in expand the knowledge regarding measurements of alkalinity both for field research and multiple-stressor experiments.

3. 1rst Latin American Symposium of Ocean Acidification (LAOCA), October 24th and 26th, 2017, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA. This event was both sponsored and organized by MUSELS and the Millenium Institute of Oceanography (IMO). Both Dr. C. Vargas (Director) and N. Lagos were part of the Committee Members for their organization. Over 120 researchers from all Latin American regions, students, and government and industry representatives attended this event. The event offered the Latin American community of scientists working to understand ocean acidification an opportunity to share their research results and develop new research collaborations.

4. Summer School, “Marine Evolution Under Climate Change”, December 17-22th, 2017, Quintay Marine Research Station, Chile. Graduate course organized and sponsored by MUSELS in order to discuss about the implication of marine evolution for experimental design and science focused on the impact of global change. Invited speaker, Dr. Sam Dupont (Sweden) and Dr. Piero Calosi (Canada)

Scientific Editorial Boards: 1. Bernardo Broitman, Deputy Director, is editor of Revista Chilena de Historia Natural

andReview Editor in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2. Marco Lardies, was editor of Revista Chilena de Historia Natural during 2015. 3. Stefan Gelcich, is editor of Ecology and Society and Aquatic Conservation: Marine and

Freshwater Ecosystems. Awards: Cristian A. Vargas Gálvez, Director was nominated for second period as member of the

Executive Council for the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON). Cristian A. Vargas Gálvez, Director was nominated as Member for second period of the

Executive Council of the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP).


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4. Education and Capacity Building a) Education and Capacity Building: During this first period of renewal, MUSELS has supported the academic training for a total of 15 students, including 6 undergraduates and 9 graduates (MSci and PhD students). Moreover, we have incorporated three new postdoctoral fellows, which imply MUSELS is housing a total of five postdoctoral researchers working in MUSELS during this first year of our renewal stage. Undergraduate students have been selected, based on their note records, and after a brief internship in our respective laboratories, for example, through previous courses such as research seminars or practices. With MUSELS our students and postdoc have had access to the range of issues faced by the aquaculture industry (e.g. larval limitation, lack of environmental information, stakeholder conflicts), sophisticated techniques (e.g. micro-mesocosm facilities, molecular, chemical and ecotoxicological analysis, socio-ecological surveys) and cutting-edge oceanographic instrumentation (pH, pCO2, Chl, and CTDO sensors). In this context, we have emphasized the cross or multidisciplinary training for both graduate students and postdocs. During 2017, eight students were finishing the Doctoral, Master and undergraduate academic degree. Sylvana Galaz, an undergraduate student in Marine Biology, under the guidance of Dr. Nelson Lagos; Adonis Conejeros an undergraduate students in Environmental Engineering, under the guidance of Dr. Cristian A. Vargas (Impact of pyrethroids and low pH conditions on mussels); Fernando Gajardo finished his undergraduate studies in Marine Biology under the guidance of Dr. Cristian Vargas (Natural variability of carbonate system in tidal pool environments), and Alejandra Carrasco (Microplastics in infaunal organisms, UNAB), sponsored of Dr. Cristian Duarte. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Marco Lardies, two MSc students finished their thesis during 2017-2018: Tania Opitz (Microplastics, Univ. de Chile); Paz Caballero (Phenotypic plasticity, UNAB), who is co-sponsored with Dr. Cristian Duarte. Pablo González, a MSc student is also finishing during this year 2018, his thesis focused in the adaptation capacity of the mussel farming industry in southern Chile, under the guidance of Dr. Felipe Vásquez. Furthermore, during 2017 Francisco Fernández finished his PhD, which was focused in mathematical programming models to assess the economic impacts of climate change. His thesis was carried out under the guidance of Dr. Roberto Ponce. During this stage, Sebastian Osores (Machine learning, UAI), is finishing his PhD thesis in Complex Systems Engineering, under the guidance of Dr. Marco A. Lardies; and Diego Maturana (Effects of light pollution in invertebrates; UANB) is starting his PhD thesis in Biological Conservation PhD Program under the guidance of Dr. Cristian Duarte. New undergraduate students were also incorporated to the MUSELS team during 2017. Gilbert Griñó, is a marine biology student working with Dr. Cristian Vargas and he will be focused during half 2017 and early 2018 in evaluate the impact of copper (Cu) and low pH conditions on the physiology of scallops in Tongoy, northern Chile. Francisco Martinez is a student in cartography at the Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, and under the guidance of Dr. Carlos Lara, he will evaluate the environmental variability of scallop farming areas, such as Tongoy Bay, using satellite images for the determination of spectral changes, in the parameters of chlorophyll a, fluorescence and temperature. It is important to highlight that all of our students are embedded in undergraduate and graduate programs related to MUSELS research lines and many times they are co-tutored by different associates and/or assistants and postdocs from MUSELS and allowed them to develop a multidisciplinary perspective around their specific research interests. For instance, one of our PhD students (Valeska San Martin) is co-guided by an economist, a social-ecologist, and a biological oceanographer. This approach provides a comparative advantage over other peers. For example, one of our first PhD students to file his dissertation was also the first in his generation to do so. We believe


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the MUSELS’ model is unique among the existing millennium centers, allowing graduates of five different programs, with different perspectives (e.g. Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Economics, Oceanography, Sustainability Management, Biology and Applied Ecology, and Complex Systems Engineering) to interact closely, sharing their different academic experiences. This has been bolstered by regularly organized internal activities, such as, symposiums, workshops and meetings, almost always led by graduate students or postdocs. In October 2017, we have organized a first coordination meeting, which was carried out in in a small resting lodge near the village of Quilpue, in Central Chile. During this event, we welcomed to the new team of MUSELS’ researchers, we discuss about our main challenges for the coming years, and we were focused on a detailed planning of the activities to be developed during this first year, from 1 August 2017 to July 31, 2018. During this first year, we have incorporated to our staff three new postdoctoral associates: (1) Dr. Aura Barria, PhD Biology, associated to RL2, working in direct collaboration with Dr. Lardies and Lagos, is responsible for estimate CO2 fluxes in the aquaculture socio-ecological system and of the development of “spatial distribution model” (SDM) for aquaculture resources along the Chilean coast;; (2) Dr. Roberto García-Huidobro, PhD in Biological Conservation, associated to RL2, and sponsored by Dr. Nelson Lagos, is evaluating the impact of climate stressor on the phenotype – environment interaction in host-parasite ecological system. (3) Dr. María José Martínez-Harms is an ecologist graduated in Landscape Ecology from the University of Queensland (Australia 2017) associated to RL3. She will be working on a marine spatial planning approach in southern Chile that focuses on socio-ecological interactions to address the interests of stakeholders and users towards different management alternatives. It is worth noting that postdoctoral associated Dr. Laura Ramajo Gallardo, sponsored by Dr. Marco Lardies and funded by a FONDECYT postdoctoral grant, was incorporated as “young researcher”, which was followed by the nomination of Dr. Cristian Duarte as an associated researcher of MUSELS. Finally, a milestone of our record track in capacity building is that five of our former postdocs have moved to permanent positions in academia at universities from Chile, Spain and Honduras, with four of them in tenure-track positions. b) Achievements and results: During our initial period, MUSELS looked towards the expansion of the student base and human capacity to train them. We have built a model were we formally engage the cohort of young professors and postdocs, together with our solid group of senior researchers, into annual training events in the form of short graduate courses. This year, MUSELS’s team firstly organized the theoretical-practical course Estimations of Total Alkalinity Total in Seawater (AT). With Dr. Laura Ramajo as the lecturer, the course was taught during April 2017 at Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile, and among the 12 attendees we hosted including postgraduate students focused in learning the basis of chemical analysis of alkalinity titration and the MUSELS technical staff. We completed two other important summer school courses over the last months of this period. One course, Marine Evolution Under Climate Change, included renowned lecturers from Sweden (Dr. Sam Dupont - University of Göteborg), and Canada (Dr. Piero Calosi - Université du Québec à Rimouski) and focused in the analysis of species sensitivity to future environmental stressors, how does it relate to species’ recent evolutionary history, and how we can assess a species adaptation potential. Our students and postdocs learned about how climate forcing (including global warming, ocean acidification and hypoxia) affects evolutionary rules that shape ocean ecosystems. The course was held at the Quintay Marine Research Centre (Universidad Andrés Bello), between 17 and 22 December 2017. Our second summer school, Carbonate System Measurements in the Ocean and Autonomous Sensors, was organized in-house by MUSELS and IMO (Millennium Institute of Oceanography) personnel, and led by our young researcher Dr. Antonio Cuevas, our part-time


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analytical chemist Lorena Arias and Dr. Cristian Vargas, MUSELS Director. This course aimed to provide theoretical knowledge regarding the carbonate system in the ocean, the main laboratory analytical techniques for measurements of some parameters of the carbonate system (i.e. pH, Total Alkalinity, and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon), the use and validation of data generated by autonomous sensors (e.g. SeaFET®), and data management. The course was aimed at postgraduate students, and professionals linked to topics related to the study of Ocean Acidification. These education and capacity building efforts will continue to include a limited number of students to maximize the long-term large impact on their careers. One of the most ambitious achievements during this initial renewal period was our contribution to aquaculture sustainability and resilience by providing leadership in the construction of social capital. To this end, we have started to implement a pioneering program seeking to train students from technical education high schools by installing human and technological capacities in these schools. The first of these institutions was based in a small coastal village, Tongoy, at the core of the scallop aquaculture industry, in northern Chile, where MUSELS scientists have delivered the scientific contents of the training programs to students and professor. We have partnered with local companies by establishing a trainee program where the very young technical students are incorporated in their workforce to act as in-house peers to supporting our collaborative work with the industry. This will enable the scientific basis for adaptation and resilience of the social-ecological system to come from the bottom-up, and opening the door for the placement of young scientists in the aquaculture industry. Finally, we have successfully fostered an emerging group of young scientists that are producing top-quality science, which have led or co-authored some of the publications highlighted in this report. For this new period we have incorporated them as young (Laura Ramajo, and Andrés Marín) and adjunct researchers (Cristian Duarte).


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5. Networking and other collaborative work a) Networking: Sustained collaboration takes place around joint activities with the OA-ICC (Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre) Adaptations to a Changing Ocean program. OA-ICC supported one of the most important networking symposiums in Latin American last year, the 1rst Symposium of the Latin-American Ocean Acidification Network (LAOCA), which gathered researchers, students, government and industry representatives from Latin America, interested in acquiring a regionally and globally updated knowledge on the impacts of ocean acidification on marine resources and ecosystems. It was an important opportunity for sharing expertise, research results and to explore new opportunities of collaborative research in the region. More than 120 works were presented, with representatives from more than ten countries in Latin-America, including researchers from: Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Cuba, and invited plenary speakers from France, U.K., Mexico, and Chile. During 2017, Dr. Vargas continued his participation in the Executive Council of two highly relevant international programs. He serves as a member of the Executive Council of the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network, (GOA-ON), and as member of the Scientific Committee of the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Program (IOCCP). During 2017, Dr. Vargas was also actively working in the international network program CO2 Pier2Peer from GOA-ON. Pier2Peer is a scientific mentorship program that matches senior researchers with early career scientists to facilitate an exchange of expertise and to provide a platform for international collaborations. Pier2Peer employs an adaptive and self-driven approach to capacity development with guiding principles to focus on user needs at the local, regional, national, and international level and to foster inter-regional and global collaboration. In addition, during 2017 Dr. N. Lagos collaborated in the scientific advisory board of the OAICC as theme leader for the Joint platforms and experiments action line. In addition, Dr. Lagos collaborate with the Ocean Acidification International User Reference Group in Ocean Acidification (OAiRUG), in the organization of the first regional event of the OAiRUG in Latin America (March 20-22, Santa Marta, Colombia), sponsored by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, OAICC, and the LAOCANetwork and INVEMAR (Colombia), who were partner organizations. The first step was to elaborate document “An introduction to ocean acidification: what it is, what we know, and what may happen (Laffoley et al. 2018, IUCN)”. The gaps and priorities analysis identifyied in the workshop result a white paper: “Regional Action Plan on Ocean Acidification for Latin America and the Caribbean: Encouraging Collaboration and Inspiring Action”. During late 2017, Dr. Vargas received a small grant from The Ocean Foundation for networking activities, in this case by sharing expertise and inviting graduate student Celeste Sánchez, from Universidad de Costa Rica (UCC-Costa Rica),for a research stay of 2 months at MUSELS this year. Moreover, Dr. Vargas will visit as a guest researcher the UCC-CR to deliver an Advanced Course on Stable carbon isotope application in Ocean Acidification Studies (to be reported in detail at 2018). The researchers of RL1 and RL2 are also carrying out groundbreaking work in capacity building in other Latin-American countries (e.g. Peru, Ecuador, and Costa Rica), focused in monitoring and understanding the rates and effects of OA. To complement the effort of international network programs, MUSELS aims to offer in-person, concentrated training for highly skilled scientists in premier OA laboratory settings in Chile and/or abroad. Recently, during December 2017, Dr. Vargas was awarded a SCOR (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research) Visiting Scholar Grant to serve in Ecuador in Galapagos Island being the first visiting scholar from Chile in getting this SCOR grant (to be reported in detail at 2018). Finally, associated and adjunct researchers, Drs. Lagos, Lardies and Duarte, received additional funding to support the study of biological responses of our model species. These fresh research efforts are organized around CarboNatLab network (Carbonate production along a Natural Laboratory) funded by PCI and PIACONICYT collaborative research


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programs in Chile. This research network includes members from 6 universities; from Chile UST, UNAB, UAI and USACH, the University of Granada from Spain, and the University of Cambridge, from the UK. The key aim of the network is to improve our knowledge regarding the structure and functioning of marine calcifiers, integrating their ecophysiological, biomechanical and biomineralization properties. Finally, our close cooperation with researchers from the University of Göteborg in Sweden (e.g. S. Dupont) allowed us to interact with the new Centre for Collective Action Research (CeCAR) through shared authorship in research publications (e.g. Vargas et al. 2017). b) Other collaborative activities: We have now developed a well-established network aimed at the construction of a social capital that can lead the adaptation of the aquaculture socio-ecological system to future challenges. This collaborative network includes all the main players of the aquaculture social-ecological system: the industry, regulatory agencies, government partners, research centres and technical education providers. Our collaborative activities were nurtured during the earlier stages of MUSELS and have started to bear fruit during 2017; for example RL1 focused its activities in Tongoy, northern Chile, where the core of the scallop aquaculture production resides. Through sustained collaboration with our partners in the industry, we realized that the flow of environmental information for decision-making was hard to transfer beyond few key players. Building up on our earlier outreach experience we started work during 2016 with the local Technical High School (Liceo Técnico), which awards the degree of “Aquaculture technician”. The same year we were awarded a CONICYT regional grant through CEAZA (Fortalecimiento R16F10009) that helped us support the launch of a formal program during 2017, which was leveraged with PME and industry funds for the publication of the “Recipes with history” book. We kick starter 2017 with a large community-led exposition of local gastronomy that was carried out by the book interviewees. This large grassroots event that was followed several months later by a large outreach seminar delivered by local stakeholder (the Chilean Navy, the president of the local artisanal scallop producers, an industrial scallop company manager, MUSELS PI's and one of our senior scientists (Dr. Silvana Birchenough - CEFAS). These activities, attended by the whole community, cemented the community support to bolster the curricula at the Liceo and improve the competences of it graduates with the help of MUSELS and CEAZA. By the end of 2017, the program was an outstanding success, with all graduates absorbed by the industry, thus creating a pipeline of human capacity for the adaptation of the socio-ecological system. This successful learning platform: community, science and industry, constitutes a social capital that has already attracted the commitment of one of our postdocs (Dr. Laura Ramajo) and young researcher (Dr. Andres Marin). Both of these early-career scientists are now committed to carry out a significant part of the work of their recently awarded FONDECYT grants in Tongoy, thus leveraging on the learning platform and providing sustainability to the initiative. The advantage of the model outlined above is that is a broadly replicable initiative to foster long-term linkages between science, education, and industry. We hope to leapfrog from this experiences northern Chile to implement a similar program around mussel-producing areas in southern Chile during 2018. Furthermore, MUSELS and other research centers in Chile (e.g. IMO, CR2) have been participating as a research center in a new international networking program funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), entitled “Supporting a Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network – toward increased involvement of developing states (IAEA/ INT7019)”. During April 10-12th, 2017, our Director, Dr. Vargas was participating as chilean representative in a Coordination Meeting on Standardized Methodology and Networking, which was held at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Austria.


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6. Outreach and connections with other sectors

a) Outreach: MUSELS has disseminated scientific work to the broader public through a Website and a growing presence in social networks that now includes an active Facebook page and YouTube Channel. Our main outreach activities were carried out under the framework of, but not limited, to the PME program. During this second renewal period, we have strengthened our collaborative work with the Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), the Center for Advanced Studies in Arid Zones (CEAZA), the Centre for Research and Innovation for Climate Change (CiiCC), and the Millennium Nucleus for the Ecology and Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI). The interaction with the other centers has focused mostly on science dissemination, organization of seminars, workshops and the generation of educational products. During 2017, we have strengthened and regularized our series of MUSELS Seminars, which are conducted in each of our associated institutions. To date, we have had guests from the USA, Chile, and we are expecting for this second part of the year, guests from Canada, Spain and Chile, who visit our institutions for different scientific reasons. These seminars have had the active participation of undergraduate students and fellows from different postgraduate programs. One of the main achievements of our center, which also required a change in the methodology about how we communicate with each other within MUSELS, and towards society, was the establishment of a MUSELS’ Webinars Series. The main purpose of the MUSELS Webinars is to share technical experiences and offer to participants the possibility to exchange their views, including on central topics like environmental variability in shellfish farming areas, the impact of global change in coastal ocean, the use of satellite tools for understanding the dynamic of coastal ocean, the use of experiments to evaluate and predict the potential impact in the interaction between pollutants and global stressors, and so on. Through Webinars we have reached and engaged a very specific target group, including both the private and public sectors. On the other hand, thanks to the interaction during a webinar we have gained insight into our target group. MUSELS webinars also gave us the opportunity to continue to reach our audience when the broadcast is over, since each webinar can also be watched afterwards through our MUSELS YouTube Channel. This enables us to increase both the reach and the impact of our message. Also we have engaged significantly with the media through more than 46 print, multimedia and online articles. The media activity was supported by seminars, through local stations and activities with school children, including guided scientific tours. In addition MUSELS researchers have collectively delivered several smaller educational and outreach activities, such as over a dozen of smaller talks in scientific cafes, public scientific fairs, music-science town hall meetings and numerous EXPLORA -organized scientific fairs (see details in Annex 7). As outlined above in the description of the collaborative activities in Tongoy Bay, we are engaged in a significant and long-term knowledge-transfer exercise that involves installing capacities in the industry, educational sector (local Technical High school) and several local branches of government actors such as the fisheries authority (SERNAPESCA) and the Chilean Navy. We have secured funding through a CONICYT grant awarded on late 2016 to CEAZA and led by PI Broitman (Fortalecimiento de Centros Regionales R16F10009), which is geared specifically to the adaptation of the aquaculture sector to climate change through the construction of social capital. Using this grant we hired a full-time Marine biologist that was previously employed through MUSELS, who is supported part-time by a CEAZA professional and one of our part time MUSELS technician. This team visits Tongoy several times a week and maintains constant contact with our industry partners and with the help of CEAZA engineers, they maintain online our oceanographic/atmospheric observation platform


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and is in the process of developing innovative decision-support tools (e.g. seehttp://datos.ceaza.cl/tongoy). The local industry, our partners and others, has so far absorbed most of the Aquaculture technicians students graduated from our program, which has been solidified through an MoU between the industry and CEAZA, while an agreement between the industry and the Liceo is still pending. Our industry partners have expressed interest in hiring PhD-level personnel to support the implementation of their nascent R&D programs, which have been spawned under the aegis of MUSELS. This is still work in progress, but we have supplied them with cv's and supporting information. b) Connections with other sectors: We have slowly begun to have a place in the political agenda, and a demonstration of this, is that during 2017, our Director, Dr. Cristian A. Vargas was again elected as focal point of Chile, for international projects involving a government organization, such as the Chilean Atomic Energy Commission (CCheN) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), specifically for issues related to Ocean Acidification research. During this renewal phase in MUSELS, we have started a new stage of work with industry, public and private services, not only within Chile, but also abroad. Part of our MUSELS’s team of associated researchers is working in a initial stage of collaboration with the scallop industry in Sechura Bay, Peru (5º34’S;; 80º57’W)), who are faced with problems similar to those experienced by scallop farmers in northern Chile (e.g. low oxygen and low pH levels, etc). This connection with the industry in Peru has resulted in around two working meetings with Peruvian researchers working with the industry of this sector, both from the University of Lambayeque (Dr. Wilmer Carbajal), and the Institute of the Sea of Peru (Dr. Michelle Graco). Nevertheless, during 2017 we have reinforced our working network with the Chilean aquaculture industry, through the organization of seminars or scientific meetings where the academy and industry joined; as an example of this connections, is the Annual Seminar on Applied Research for the Mussel Farming Industry, SIAM, which is organized every year in Castro city, in Chiloe Island, and which is co-sponsored by MUSELS. This scientific event provides an atmosphere for communication and sharing expertise between the mussels farmers and the scientific community in Chile. Following the successful experience during our last year of the first period, we will hire a part-time professional journalist to professionalize our communication channels, to manage and coordinate all of our outreach efforts and to increase the public impact of our journalistic outputs

http://datos.ceaza.cl/tongoy


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7. Administration and Financial Status a) Organization and administration: During this first renewal period, our administrative office worked in direct relationship with MUSELS’ Director, Dr. Cristian A. Vargas. MUSELS has a new administrator (Ms. Carolina Segura), with major experience in accounting and administration (i.e. auditor accountant and administrative secretariat). The administration and financial management involves the implementation of monthly financial reports to the Ministry of Economy, management, logistic support, and communication of internal and external activities in MUSELS. Moreover, the support for management of PME funds was also an important role in this administrative unit. During this renewal period, this unit worked on the revision of manuals of procedures to be used by the entire MUSELS team, a system of planning and coordination of activities funded by the nucleus (MUSELS Calendar, by using Google Calendar Platform), and an internal management system for Resources that researchers have attracted to MUSELS (e.g. funds contributed by the shellfish farming industry).

Category Female Male TOTAL Assistant & Technicians 4 2 6

Administrative Staff 1 0 1 TOTAL 5 2 7

b) Financial Status: A large fraction of our budget is allocated to human resources, being these outlays associated to lead researchers, adjunct researchers, postdocs, technicians, students and our administrator and journalist. This represents approximately 70% of the budget, which is relatively fixed, with much of the rest allocated to operational expenses (15-25%), field work, surveys and lab, and field supplies. During this year 2017, we did not acquire any kind of large equipments, sensors, or lab instruments, and resources allocation in terms of percentage was approximately: (a) Scientific staff (58%), (b) Support staff (15%), (c) Travels and field work (9%), (d) Fungibles (4.5%), (e) Equipment (0.4), (f) Administration (4.3%), (g) Insurances (1.6%), (h) Publications (0.2%), (i) Consultancies (0.6%), (j) Overhead (4.4%), and (k) Unforseen (0.1%). Despite our large investment in human resources, our millennium nucleus is subsidized by a significant amount of contributions from other scientific grants, most of them attracted to our center by associated and assistant researchers. Furthermore, the contributions obtained by postdoc through postdoctoral Fondecyt projects, substantially reduce the costs associated with this item in MUSELS. During 2017, a total of ca. USD$ 209,000 were allocated to MUSELS research activities, which in turns represents around 50-60% of the total budget received from the Millennium Research Initiative (ICM) in Chile (see Annex 9).


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Annex 1.- Nucleus Researchers

1.1 Associate Researchers

Name Research Line Nationality Gender Date of birth dd/mm/yy

Profession Academic Degree

Affiliation Current Position

Relation with

Center Cristian Antonio Vargas Galvez

RL1 Environmental variability

Chilean M 26-12-1972 Marine biologist

D Universidad de Concepción

Associate professor Director

2

Bernardo Oscar Broitman Rojas

RL1 Environmental variability.

Chilean M 22-03-1973 Biologist D Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas

Associate professor

2

Marco Antonio Lardies Carrasco

RL2 Experimental and biological responses.


D Universidad Adolfo Ibañez

Full professor

2

Stefan Gelcich Crossley

RL3 Human dimension and social-ecological systems.


D Pontificia Universidad Católica

Associate professor

2

Felipe Antonio Vásquez Lavín

RL3 Human dimension and social-ecological systems.

Chilean M 07-09-1972 Economist D Universidad del Desarrollo

Associate professor

2

Nelson Alejandro Lagos Suárez

RL2 Experimental and biological responses


D Universidad Santo Tomás

Full professor

2


25

1.2 Young Researchers Name Research Line Nationality Gender Date of birth

dd/mm/yy Profession Academic

Degree Affiliation Current

Position Relation

with Center

Diego Alonso Narváez Rodriguez

RL1 Environmental variability.

Chilean M 28-10-1974 Oceanographer D Universidad de Concepción

Assistant professor

2

Luis Antonio Cuevas Landaeta




Researcher 2

Laura Ramajo Gallardo

RL2 Experimental and biological

Spanish F 31-12-1981 Biologist D Universidad Adolfo Ibañez

Researcher 2

Andrés Eduardo Marín Ricke

RL 3 Human dimension and social-ecological systems

Chilean M 28-08-1973 Sociologist D Universidad De los Lagos

Assistant professor

2

Carlos Cristian Lara Peña



D Universidad Bernardo O”Higgins

Assistant professor

2


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1.3 Senior Researchers Name Research Line Nationality Gender Date of

birth dd/mm/yy



Relation with

Center Ricardo Orlando

Barra Ríos

RL1 Environmental

variability.

Chilean M 03-09-1963 Biochemist D Universidad de Concepción

Full professor

2

Stephen Widdicombe

RL1 Environmental

variability.

Inglés M 26-11-1969 Biology D Plymouth Marine

Laboratory, Plymouth University

Professor 2

Benjamin Scott

Halpern

RL1 Environmental

variability.

Americano / Norteamericano

M 17-11-1973 Ecology Marina

D Universidad de California

Professor 2

Silvana Birchenough

RL1 Environmental

variability. RL2

Experimental and biological responses.

Ingles F 03-01-1974 Biology Marina

D Centro CEFAS Researcher 2

1.4 Others

Name Research Line Nationality Gender Date of birth

dd/mm/yy



Relation with

Center Luisa Marie Saavedra Löwenberger

RL1 Environmental

variability.

Chilean F 30-06-1979 Marine biologist


Postdoctoral researcher

1


27

Rodrigo Estevez Weinstein

RL 3 Human dimension and

social-ecological systems

Chilean M 19-08-1977 Sociologist D Pontificia Universidad

Católica


2

Aura Maureen Barria Araya


Chilean F 17-05-1983 Biologist D Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez


1

Maria Jose Martinez Harms

RL 3 Human dimension and social-ecological systems

Chilean F 19-10-1980 Ecologist D Pontificia Universidad Católica


1

Manuel Roberto Garcia-Huidobro Moreno



D Universidad Santo Tomás


2

Cristian Hernán Duarte Valenzuela

RL2 Experimental and biological responses. Adjunct researcher


D Universidad Andrés Bello

Associate professor

2

Roberto Daniel Ponce Oliva

RL 3 Human dimension and social-ecological systems. Adjunct researcher

Chilean M 09-04-1979 Economist D Universidad del Desarrollo

Assistant professor

2

NOMENCLATURE:

[Gender] [M] Male [F] Female

[Academic Degree] [U] Undergraduate [M] Master [D] Doctoral

[Relation with Center] [1] Full time [2] Part time


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Annex 2.- Research Lines

Nº Research Line

Research Line Objectives

Description of Research Line Researcher Research Discipline

Starting Date [dd/mm/yy]

Ending Date [dd/mm/yy]

1 1


The RL1 includes physical, biological and chemical oceanography, toxicology and biogeochemistry. It has the goal of characterizing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of environmental conditions that aquaculture farms are exposed to. During this new stage RL1 started the collection of observations through the compilation and validation of environmental information generated by the industry and we are in the process of recalibrating instruments to restart our field deployments in the south Recently, we submmitted our first study focused in the establishment of a baseline of the environmental conditions in the areas where bivalve farming takes place, allowing us to derive realistic ranges of environmental variability (or different scenarios). These results will clarify and define key forcing or environmental stressors that were used to carry out experiments, define biological

Cristian Antonio Vargas Gálvez Bernardo Oscar Broitman Rojas Luis Antonio Cuevas Landaeta Carlos Cristian Lara Peña Diego Alonso Narváez Rodríguez Ricardo Orlando Barra Ríos Luisa Marie Saavedra Löwenberger

Oceanography Environmental Chemistry Ecology and Environmental Sciences Marine biology

01-08-2017 31-07-2020


29

responses for the target species (RL2), and examine the adaptive capacity of the socio-economic system such scenarios (RL3). Our laboratories have also standardized new analytical techniques for characterization of environmental variability in northern and southern Chile.

2 2


RL2, which involves ecophysiology, molecular genetics and experimental biology. Experimental design was based in environmental variability information from RL1. The individuals used in our experiments were obtained directly from our partners in the industry, allowing us to work with the natural biological stock. During this renewal period of our fourth year, we are conducting in situ experiments with juvenile mussels in order to understand how natural environmental variability may impact physiological traits of farmed mussels. New experiments have been conducted aiming to understand the transgenerational carry-over of mussels upon changing environmental conditions. These results have been focused on detecting biological responses

Marco Antonio Lardies Carrasco Nelson Alejandro Lagos Suarez Cristian Hernán Duarte Valenzuela Laura Ramajo Gallardo

Marine Biology Developmental Biology Population Biology Ecology and Environmental Sciences

01-08-2017 31-07-2020


30

that are relevant for the adaptive capacity of the industry, Importantly, these responses were determined by RL3 as primary concerns for the socio-ecological system providing an innovative departure to inform our scientific approach.

3 3

RL3 Human dimension and social-ecological systems

RL3 integrates ecology, sociology, psychology, and economy of natural resources. It has the aim of understanding how decision-making and the preferences of people participating of the aquaculture industry provide opportunities and barriers to generate adaptive capacity to face multiple environmental (RL1), physiological (RL2), economic and social stressors. The scientific activity during this new stage focuses on the perceptions of civil society of different anthropogenic impacts and their preferences and reductions in well-being associated to the impacts of ocean acidification over key commercial species. The line has also begun to address land – sea interactions. Surveys have been promptly communicated to RL1 and RL2, and the preliminary results determined a broadening of the

Stefan Gelcich Crossley Felipe Antonio Vásquez Lavín Roberto Daniel Ponce Oliva Andrés Eduardo Marín Ricke Rodrigo Estevez Weinstein

Economy Sociology Sustainability science Socioecology

01-08-2017 31-07-2020


31

range of parameters estimated for RL2 and have provided local ecological insights to orient the field campaigns from RL1. Thus, the information flow between research lines operationalized our interdisciplinary character and has caused a significant impact on how the three research lines generate science.


Annex 3.- Publications (Total or partially financed by MSI) 3.1.- ISI Publications or Similar to ISI Standard(comprende artículos científicos y técnicos,

revisiones de literatura y notas científicas)

3.1.1 Associate Researchers: Listado de publicaciones en que participe como autor a lo menos un Investigador Asociado del centro Autores (año), título artículo, nombre revista, número revista, páginas.

1. Castillo, N.; Saavedra, L.M.; Vargas, C.A.; Gallardo-Escárate, C.; Detree, C. (2017) Ocean acidification and pathogen exposure modulate the immune response of the edible mussel Mytilus chilensis. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 70C: 149-155

2. Vargas, C.A.; Lagos N.A.; Lardies, M.; Duarte, C.; Manríquez, P.; Aguilera, V.; Broitman, B.; Widdicombe, S.; & Dupont, S. (2017)Species specific responses to ocean acidification should account for local adaptation and adaptive plasticity. Nature Ecology & Evolution1, 13;1(4):84

3. Saavedra, LM.; Parra, D.; San Martin, V.; Lagos, NA.; Vargas, CA. (2017) Local

habitat influences on feeding and respiration of the intertidal mussels, Perumytilus purpuratus exposed. Estuaries and Coasts, 41: 1559-2723

4. Lardies, M.; Benitez, S.; Osores, S.; Vargas, C.; Duarte, C.; Lohrmann, K.; Lagos, N. (2017)Physiological and histopathological impacts of increased carbon dioxide and temperature on the scallops Argopecten purpuratus cultured under upwelling influences in northern Chile. Aquaculture 479: 455-466

5. Broitman, B.; Halpern, B.; Gelcich, S.; Lardies, M.; Vargas, C.; Vásquez, F.;

Widdicombe, S.; Birchenough, S. (2017)Dynamic Interactions among Boundaries and the Expansion of Sustainable Aquaculture. Frontiers in Marine Science 4: 15

6. Gaitán-Espitia, J.; Bacigalupe, L.; Opitz, T.; Lagos, N.; Osores, S.; Lardies, M. (2017)Exploring physiological plasticity and local thermal adaptation in an intertidal crab along a latitudinal cline. Journal of Thermal Biology 68: 14-20

7. Osores, S.; Lagos, N.; San Martín, V.; Manríquez, P.; Vargas, C.; Torres, R.; Navarro, J.; Poupin, M.J.; Saldías, G.; Lardies, M. (2017)Plasticity and inter-population variability in physiological and life-history traits of the mussel Mytilus chilensis: A reciprocal transplant experiment, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 490: 1-12

8. Valdivia, N.; Segovia-Rivera, V.; Fica, E.; Bonta, C.; Aguilera, M.; &Broitman, B. (2017)Context-dependent functional dispersion across similar ranges of trait space covered by intertidal rocky shore communities. Ecology And Evolution, 7(6), 1882-1891.


9. Rivera, A.; Gelcich, S.; Garcia, L.; Acuna, J. (2017)Trends, Drivers, And Lessons From A Long-Term Data Series Of The Asturian (Northern Spain) Gooseneck Barnacle Territorial Use Rights System. Bulletin Of Marine Science 93(1): 35-51.

10. Pérez-Matus, A.; Carrasco, S.; Gelcich, S.; Fernández, M.; Wieters, E. (2017)Exploring The Effects Of Fishing Pressure And Upwelling Intensity Over Subtidal Kelp Forest Communities In Central Chile. Ecosphere 8(5): 1-18.

11. Vergara, K.; Tapia, S.; De La Barra, C.; Godoy, N.; Castilla, J.; Gelcich, S. (2017),Distal Impacts Of Aquarium Trade: Exploring The Emerging Sandhopper (Orchestoidea tuberculata) Artisanal Shore Gathering Fishery In Chile. Ambio 46(6): 706-716

12. Parada, G.; Martínez, E.; Aguilera, M.; Oróstica, M.; Broitman, B. (2017) Interactions between kelp spores and encrusting and articulated coralline algae: recruitment challenges for Lessonia spicata. Botanica Marina 60(6): 619-625

13. Lara, C.; Saldías, G.; Westberry, T.; Behrenfeld, M.; Broitman, B. (2017)First assessment of MODIS satellite ocean color products (OC3 and nFLH) in the Inner Sea of Chiloé, northern Patagonia. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 45(4): 822-827

14. Castilla, J.; Godoy, N.; Tapia, S.; Donlan, C.; Cinner, J.; Gelcich, S. (2017) Fishers' Perceptions On The Chilean Coastal Turf System After Two Decades: Problems, Benefits, And Emerging Needs. Bulletin Of Marine Science 53(1): 53-67.

15. Nakandakari, A.; Caillaux, M.; Zavala, J.; Gelcich, S.; Ghersi, F. (2017) The

Importance Of Understanding Self-Governance Efforts In Coastal Fisheries In Peru: Insights From La Islilla And Ilo. Bulletin Of Marine Science 93(1): 199-216.

16. Crona, B.; Gelcich, S.; Bodin, O. (2017), The Importance Of Interplay Between Leadership And Social Capital In Shaping Outcomes Of Rights-Based Fisheries Governance. World Development 91:70-83.

17. Rivera, A.; Unibazo, J.; Leon, P.; Vasquez, F.; Ponce, R.; Mansur, L.; Gelcich, S. (2017) Stakeholder Perceptions Of Enhancement Opportunities In The Chilean Small And Medium Scale Mussel Aquaculture Industry. Aquaculture. 2017;479:423-431.

18. Jacob, B.G.; Von Dasow, P.; Salisbury, J.E.; Navarro, J.M.; Vargas, C.A. (2017) Impact of low pH/high pCO2 on the physiological response and fatty acid content in diatom Skeletonema pseudocostatum. Journal of The Marine Biological Association of United Kingdom, 97(1): 125 – 133

19. Rivera, A.; Gelcich, S.; García-Florez, L.; Acuña, JL. (2017), Heterogeneous management and conservation perceptions within the gooseneck barnacle co-management system in Asturias (N. Spain). Marine Policy 81: 229-235


20. Benítez, S.; Duarte, C.; Opitz, T.; Lagos, N.A.; Pulgar, J.M. Vargas, C.A.; Lardies, M.A. (2017) Intertidal pool fish Girella laevifrons (Kyphosidae) shown strong physiological homeostasis but shy personality: The cost of living in hypercapnic habitats. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18: 57 – 63

21. Davis, KJ.; Kragt, ME.; Gelcich, S.; Burton, M.; Schilizzi, S.; Pannell, DJ. (2017) Why are Fishers not Enforcing Their Marine User Rights?. Environmental and Resource Economics 67 (4): 661-681

22. Mardones, F.; Paredes, F.; Medina, M.; Telloe, A.; Valdivia, V.; Ibarra R.;, Correa, J.;

Gelcich, S. (2018) Identification of research gaps for highly infectious diseases in aquaculture: The case of the endemic Piscirickettsia salmonis in the Chilean salmon farming industry, Aquaculture 482: 211-220

3.1.2 Other researchers: Listado de publicaciones en que no participe ningún Investigador Asociado del centro Autores (año), título artículo, nombre revista, número revista, páginas.

1. Mizraji, R.; Ahrendt, C.; Pérez-Venegas, D.; Vargas, J.; Pulgar, J.; Aldana, M.; Ojeda, F.; Duarte, C.; Galbán-Malagón, C. (2017) Is the feeding type related with the content of microplastics in intertidal fish gut?, Marine Pollution Bulletin. 116(1-2):498-500

2. García-Huidobro, M.; Aldana, M.; Duarte, C.;, Galbán-Malagón, C.; Pulgar, J. (2017) Seawater-temperature and UV-radiation interaction modifies oxygen consumption, digestive process and growth of an intertidal fish, Marine Environmental Research, Vol 129, 408-412

3. MacMillan, M.; Duarte, C.;& Quijón, P. (2017) Sandy beaches in a coastline vulnerable to erosion in Atlantic Canada: Macrobenthic community structure in relation to backshore and physical features, Journal of Sea Research, Vol 125, 26-33.

4. Quijón, P.: Tummon, F.P. &Duarte, C. (2017) Beyond negative perceptions: The role of some marine invasive species as trophic subsidies, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol 116, 538-539

5. Arnold, W.S.; Meyers, S.D.; Geiger, S.P.; Luther, M.E.; Narváez, D.A.; Frischer, M.; Hoffman, E. (2017) Applying a Coupled Biophysical Model to Predict Larval Dispersal and Source/Sink Relationships in a Depleted Metapopulation of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica, Journal of Shellfish Research. 36 (1):101-118.


3.2.- SCIELO Publications or Similar to SCIELO Standard(comprende artículos científicos y técnicos, revisiones de literatura y notas científicas)

3.2.1 Associate Researchers: No publications in SCIELO are reported. 3.2.2 Other researchers: No publications in SCIELO are reported.

3.3.- Scientific Books and Chapters

3.3.1 Associate Researchers:

1. Yáñez, E.; Lagos, N.; Norambuena, R.; Silva, C.; Letelier, J.; Muck, K.P.; San Martin, G.; Benítez, S.; Broitman, B.; Contreras, H.; Duarte, C.; Gelcich, S.; Labra, F.; Lardies, M.; Manríquez, P.; Quijón, P.; Ramajo, L.; González, E.; Molina, R.; Gómez, A.; Soto, L.; Montecino, A.; Barbieri, M.A.; Plaza, F.; Sánchez, F.; Aranis, A.; Bernal, C.; Böhm, G.(2017) Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture in Chile. In: Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture: A Global Analysis, Volume I, First Edition. Edited by Bruce F. Phillips and Mónica Pérez-Ramírez. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

3.4.- Other Publications

1. Broitman, B.; Halpern, B.; Gelcich, S.; Lardies, M.; Vargas, C.; Vásquez, F.; Widdicombe, S.; Birchenough, S.; Lagos, N. (2017) Expansión sustentable de la acuicultura y las interacciones dinámicas entre sus límites. Salmon Expert 52: 44-49.

2. Laffoley, D., Baxter, J.M., Turley, C., Jewett, L., &Lagos, N.A., (editores). 2017. Una introducción a la acidificación del océano: Lo que es, lo que sabemos y lo que puede suceder. UICN, Gland, Suiza, 30 pp

3.5.- Collaborative publications: 1. Presentar el número y % de publicaciones de cada categoría coautoreadas entre investigadores

del centro Milenio (todo tipo de investigadores excluyendo estudiantes, según lo explicado en las indicaciones generales).

2. Completar los datos con los obtenidos en la tabla proveniente del sistema de gestión de Milenio desde la sección “Reportes de Memoria Anual” (Categorías de Publicaciones), respectivamente.

Category of Publication 1

researcher 2

researchers 3

researchers 4 or more

N° % N° % N° % N° % ISI Publications or Similar to ISI Standard 13 59% 4 18% 1 5% 4 18%

SCIELO Publications or Similar to SCIELO Standard 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

Books and chapters 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 100% Other Publications 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1 100%

Total of publications 14 56% 4 16% 1 4% 6 24%


Annex 4.- Organization of Scientific Events

Cope Title Type of Event City Country

Responsible Researcher

International I Simposio Latinoamericano en Acidificación del Océano Red LAOCA 2017 Symposium Buenos

Aires Argentina Cristian Vargas Galvez

International "Marine Evolution Under Climate Change" Course Quintay Chile Cristian Vargas Galvez

International Reunión de Coordinación sobre Metodología y Redes Estandarizadas para Abordar la Acidificación Oceánica, Departamento de Ciencias y Aplicaciones Nucleares del OIEA

Meeting Viena Austria Cristian Vargas Galvez

International Reunión semestral del Comité Ejecutivo del Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) Meeting Paris Francia Cristian Vargas

Galvez

International Jornada sobre acidificación del oceano, Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brasil. Workshop Florianopolis Brasil Cristian Vargas

Galvez

International INTECOL 2017 Congress Beijing China Marcos Lardies Carrasco

International Taller: mejores prácticas para series de tiempo de pH de océano y laboratorio basadas en Durafet Workshop Villefrenche Francia Luis Antonio

Cuevas Landaeta

International 64ª Conferencia Anual del Océano Pacífico Oriental EPOC 2017 Conference California Estados Unidos de America

Carlos Lara Peña

International Conferencia internacional EuroGOOS 2017 Conference Bergen Noruega Luis Antonio Cuevas Landaeta

International 2017 PEW Fellows Anual Meeting Meeting Puerto Varas Chile Cristian Vargas Galvez

International CURSO DE POSTGRADO “TÉCNICAS DE ESTUDIO APLICADAS EN HELMINTOLOGÍA ANIMAL”. Course Puerto Madryn Argentina


International Reunion Anual del Pew Fellows Program in Marine Conservation Meeting Puerto Varas Chile Stefan Gelcich

Crossley


International 17º Congreso Latino-Americano de Ciencias del Mar (Charlas y poster) Congress Camboriu Brasil Cristian Vargas

Galvez

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "Impacto de la temperatura y acidificación del océano sobre la biomineralización de las valvas de ostión (Argopecten purpuratus)" Nelson Lagos

Symposium Buenos Aires Argentina Nelson Lagos

Suarez

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "Redes de observación y control de calidad de la información para el estudio de la Acidificación del Océano" Luis Antonio Cuevas Landaeta

Symposium Buenos Aires Argentina Luis Antonio

Cuevas Landaeta

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océeano LAOCA "Interacción entre estresores químicos y ambientales, y sus efectos en cultivos de mitílidos en el mar interior de Chiloé, Chile"- Adonis Conejeros

Symposium Buenos Aires Argentina Cristian Vargas

Galvez

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "Mas alla de los efectos directos: Cambios en las interacciones biologicas producidas por la Acidificación del Océano"-Nelson Lagos


Suarez

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "Local habitat influences on feeding and respiration of the intertidal mussels Perumytilus purpuratus exposed to increased pCO2 levels"- Luisa Saavedra

Symposium Buenos Aires Argentina Luisa Saavedra L.

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "La interacción hospedador-parásito en el marco de la acidificación y calentamiento del océano: un laboratorio natural desde las costas de Chile"-Manuel Roberto Garcia-Huidobro Moreno

Symposium Buenos Aires Argentina


International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA, "Impacto de la acidificación del Oceáno sobre los atributos de mercado ( físicos y nutricionales) en la especie comercial Mytilus Chilensis "-Valeska San Martin


Galvez

International I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "Variabilidad espacial y temporal del sistema de carbonato: importancia para la potencial adaptación de especies

Symposium Buenos Aires Argentina Luisa Saavedra L.


de cultivo bajo diferentes ambientes"-Luisa Saavedra

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificacion del Oceano LAOCA "Variabilidad temporal del sistema de carbonatos asociada a cultivos de mitílidos en la Patagonia chilena"- Luis Cuevas

Symposium Buenos Aires Argentina Luis Antonio

Cuevas Landaeta

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "Mas alla de los efectos directos: Cambios en las interacciones biologicas producidas por la Acidificación del Oceano"-Cristian Duarte

Symposium Buenos Aires Argentina Cristian Duarte

Valenzuela

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "Efectos de la exposición a altos niveles de pCO2 y bajo pH sobre la estructura y composición de comunidades bacterianas oceanicas en experimentos de microcosmos"-Cristian Vargas


Galvez

International

I Simposio latinoamericano de Acidificación del Océano LAOCA "Los peces de pozas intermareales, Girella laevifrons, muestran una fuerte homeostasis fisiológica pero una personalidad tímida: Los costos de vivir en hábitats hipercápnicos."- Samanta Benitez


Suarez

National Curso de Medición de Alcalinidad Total Course Santiago Chile Nelson Lagos Suarez

National VI Congreso Nacional de Acuicultura Viña del Mar Congress Viña del Mar Chile Cristian Vargas Galvez

National XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar Congress Valparaiso Chile Cristian Vargas Galvez

National Charlas "Miércoles de la Academia 2017" de la Academia Chilena de la Ciencia.

Invited Talk Santiago Chile Cristian Vargas

Galvez

National Conferencia "Impulsados desde los trópicos: Braquiópodos en el mundo moderno" Conference Santiago Chile Nelson Lagos

Suarez

National Conferencia Plenaria, V Congreso de Oceanografía Física, Meteorología y Clima del Pacifico Sur Oriental Conference Concepción Chile Cristian Vargas

Galvez

National LX Reunión Anual Sociedad de Biología de Chile y XXIV reunión anual sociedad de ecología de Chile Meeting Puerto Varas Chile Bernardo

Broitman Rojas National XVII CONGRESO CHILENO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA Congress Puerto Varas Chile Marcos Lardies


Carrasco

National

Taller organizado por la CEPAL, Núcleo Milenio Centro para el Impacto Socioeconómico de las Políticas Ambientales (CESIEP) y el Centro de Ecología Aplicada de la Universidad Católica de Chile (CAPES).

Workshop Santiago Chile Stefan Gelcich Crossley

National Curso Internacional Sensores remotos y vehículos autónomos en oceanografía operacional Escuela de Ciencias del Mar Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

Course Valparaiso Chile Cristian Vargas Galvez

National XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar "Perspectivas de investigación en Acidificación del Océano: Medición, respuestas biológicas y trabajo multidisciplinario" Nelson Suarez

Congress Valparaiso Chile Nelson Lagos Suarez

National

XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar-Moderador del foro “Geo-Ingeniería - fertilización con hierro con los océanos: aspectos científicos - tecnológicos, sociales-comerciales, y legales - éticos”-Bernardo Broitman

Congress Valparaiso Chile Bernardo Broitman Rojas

National XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar-Efectos de la acidificación del Oceáno en atributos de mercado Mytilus Chilensis-Valeska San Martin

Congress Valparaiso Chile Cristian Vargas Galvez

National XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar, Efectos indirectos de la acidificación del océano: cambios en el balance de las interacciones biológicas.-Cristian Duarte

Congress Valparaiso Chile Cristian Duarte Valenzuela

National XXXIII Congreso Ciencias del Mar (Valparaiso, CHILE-Estuarine conditions more than pH guide the phenotypic expression of intertidal mussels- Marcos Lardies

Congress Valparaiso Chile Marcos Lardies Carrasco

National

XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar-Desempeño fisiológico del molusco poliplacóforo intermareal Chiton granosus (Freembly, 1827) a lo largo de un quiebre biogeográfico en la costa de Chile- Marcos Lardies- Sebastian Osores


National

XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar-Biomineralización, biomecánica y producción de carbonato de invertebrados bentónicos: trabajo transdiciplinario en acidificación del océano- Nelson Lagos

Congress Valparaiso Chile Nelson Lagos Suarez

National XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar-La costa de Chile como un laboratorio natural para entender impactos ecológicos de la Congress Valparaiso Chile Marcos Lardies

Carrasco


acidificación del océano-Marcos Lardies

National XXXVII Congreso de Ciencias del Mar-Evaluación de los efectos de la exposición continua de microplásticos en el rendimiento fisiológico de Choromytilus chorus-Marcos Lardies



Annex 5.- Education and capacity building 5.1 Capacity Building inside MSI Centres

Tutor Undergraduated

Student Graduated Students

Total Master Doctoral Postdoctoral F M F M F M F M

Cristian Antonio Vargas Gálvez 0 3 1 0 2 0 1 0 7

Marco Antonio Lardies Carrasco 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 4

Carlos Lara Peña 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Stefan Gelcich Crossley

0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 3

Nelson Lagos Suarez

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2

Cristian Duarte Valenzuela

0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2

Felipe Vásquez Lavín

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Roberto Ponce Oliva

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

TOTAL 1 5 3 1 2 3 3 2

21


Annex 5.2. - Short-term Traineeships of MSI students Intern Type Intern Name Academic

Degree Home

Institution Destination Institution Country Project Description Starting

Date Ending

Date

Young researcher

Luis Antonio Cuevas

Landaeta PhD Universidad de

Concepción

Compañía Aanderaa en

Bergen, Norway Chile

Management and analysis of databases of carbonate system

parameters

29-08-2017

06-10-2017

Adjunct researcher

Cristian Duarte Valenzuela PhD Universidad

Andres Bello

Prince Edward Island University,

Canada Chile

Research visit to Dr. Pedro Quijon, at the Prince Edward

Island University, Charlottetown, Canada

01-07-2017

13-07-2017


Annex 6.- Networking and other collaborative work 6.1 Networking

Network Name Network Scope

Researchers

Institutions From the Center External

Researchers Postdocs / Students Researchers Postdocs /

Students

LAOCA Network (Latin American OCean Acidification Network)

International 25 200 21 0

1.-Universidad de Federal do Rio Grande (Brasil), 2.-Universidad e do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 3.-Universidad e Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil), 4.-Universidad e Federal da Bahia, 5.-Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia), 6.-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (Colombia), 7.-Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Colombia), PROMETEO – SENESCYT (Ecuador), 8.-Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena (Ecuador), 9.-Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (Ecuador), 10.-Universidad Pedro Ruiz Gallo – 11.-Universidad Señor de Sipán (Perú), IMARPE – 12.-Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (Perú), 13.-Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (México), 14.-Universidad de Colima (México), 15.-Universidad de Concepción, 16.-Universidad de Antofagasta, 17.-Universidad Santo Tomás, 18.-Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, CEAZA, 19.-Universidad Andrés Bello

SOLAS-IMBER WORKING GROUP (SIOA WG)

International 1 200 0 0

1.LSCE/CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, FR 2.MBARI, USA 3.AWI, GE 4.SKLMS, Xiamen University, CHI 5.NOAA/PMEL, USA 6.CNRS-UPMC, FR 7.CSIRO, AUS 8.CGER/NIES, JP 9.GEOMAR, Kiel, GE

NOMENCLATURE: [Network Scope] [N] National [I] International [LA] Latin American


10.USGS, FL, UK 11.PML, Plymouth, UK 12.Ocean Conservancy, WA, USA 13.IUCN 14.Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

OA-ICC and OAiRUG International 2 200 0 0

Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Env. Lab. IAEA Monaco 2. MBARI, USA 3. AWI, GE 4. Ocean Conservancy, USA 5. State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, CHI 6. University of Gothenburg, SW 7. NOAA/PMEL, USA 8. CNRS-UPMC, FR 9. U.of Queensland, AUS 10.CSIRO, AUS 11.CiiCC, U. Santo Tomas, Chile 12.CGER/NIES, JP 13.U.S. Geological Survey, USA 14.IMBER programm 15.NOAA Ocean Acidification Programme, 16.Ocean Acidification international Reference User Group, UK 17.BIOACID Project, GE 18.SOLAS Programm 19.UK Ocean Acidification Programme 20.MedSea Project 21.UNEP 22.CIESM, Monaco 23.Convention on Biological Diversity CBD 24.IUCN 25.IOC/UNESCO 26.Fondation Albert Ier, Prince de Monaco, MC 27.Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, MC 28.Monaco Foreign Affairs Dept,

Global Ocean Acidification Observation Network (GOA-ON)

International 2 200 0 0 Executive Council 1. NOAA, USA 2. CSIRO, AU 3. ECNU, CHI; NIVA, NO 4. U. Of Maine, USA 5. National Sun Yet-Sen University, TAIWAN


Annex 6.2.- Other collaborative activities

Activity Name Objective Description

Co-Participants Institutions

Number of

Research from the Center

Number of Postdocs/Students from the Center

Number of

External Research

Number of External

Postdocs/Students Product

Name of the Center

Associate Researchers Participating

in the activity

Course of Measurement

of Total Alkalinity

Learn the importance

of determining

the alkalinity of

water for different processes

Alkalinity means the

buffer capacity of water; The ability of water to

neutralize

IMO CR2 1 6 4 4 1, 1

Cristian Vargas Galvez


Annex 7. - Outreach 7.1. - Outreach activities throughout the period

Event Title Type of Event Scope Target

Audience Date Country Region

N° of Student from

the Center

N° of Attendees

Duration in days

Participating

Researchers

Responsible for the activity

Recetas con historia Exhibición National 11-01-

2017 Chile Coquimbo 50 1 Bernardo

Broitman

Café Científico National General public

18-05-2017 Chile Bío Bío 2 25 1


Cristian Vargas

Ciclo de Micro Charlas XXIII semana de la Ciencia y tecnología

Exhibición National General public

06-10-2017 Chile Bío Bío 1 20 1


Cristian Vargas

Mil Científicos Mil Aulas: "Ecología del miedo: ¿qué ocurre cuando las lapas deciden arrancar?"; XXIII Semana de la Ciencia y la Tecnología


04-09-2017 Chile

Metropolitana de Santiago

1 80 1 Manuel Garcia Huidobro

Fiesta de la Ciencia XXIII Exhibición National General

public 07-10-2017 Chile Coquim

bo 3 130 1 Paul Watt, Manuel Nuñez


Semana de la Ciencia y Tecnologia

y Camila Cisternas

Fiesta de la Ciencia XXIII Semana de la Ciencia y Tecnologia Parque Metropolitano


07-10-2017 Chile


3 100 2

Carolina Fernandez, Sebastian Osores,

Roberto Garcia Huidobro, Samanta

Benitez, Paula Monsalve

“Acidificación de nuestro mar: ¿Sabes de qué se trata?”

Exhibición National

Students from

primary level

04-10-2017 Chile Bío Bío 1 50 1 Paulina

Contreras

Muestra Publica XXIII Semana de la Ciencia y Tecnologia


05-10-2017 Chile Bío Bío 3 50 1

Manuel Nuñez, Paul Watt y

Camila Cisternas

Los oceanos estan cambiando, 1000 Cientificos - 1000 Aulas

Charla National

Students from

primary level

General public

03-10-2017 Chile


3 100 1

Laura

Ramajo Gallardo.

Laura Ramajo

Seminario Oceanos Programa Explora RM Sur Poniente

Seminario National General public

28-08-2017 Chile


2 120 1

Laura

Ramajo Gallardo.

Laura Ramajo


Actividad de la Cordillera al Mar (Paulina Contreras y Lorena Arias)


Students from

primary level

14-11-2017 Chile Bío Bío 2 50 1 Paulina

Contreras

Empápate Aprendiendo Exhibición National

Students of

secondary

education level

16-11-2017 Chile Bío Bío 2 200 2

Cristian Vargas Galvez.

Paulina Contreras

1000 cientificos 1000 Aulas ( Paulina Contreras)

Exhibición National 06-10-2017 Chile Bío Bío 2 200 3 Paulina

Contreras

1ER WEBINAR: EL NÚCLEO MILENIO MUSELS INVITA A CHARLA ONLINE SOBRE EFECTOS DE LA ACIDIFICACIÓN DEL OCÉANO EN CHORITOS

Exhibición Internacional 13-12-

2017 Chile Bío Bío 1 100 1

Andres Marin

Ricke.

Rosario Diaz

III FERIA CIENTÍFICA ESCOLAR FRANCISCO VARELA GARCÍA en


25-10-2017 Chile Coquim

bo 100 1

Bernardo Broitman

Rojas.


COQUIMBO

“Aldea Verde” del festival Lollapalooza


01-04-2017 Chile


1000 2

Profesionales de distintas áreas de la Secretaría

Ejecutiva de la Iniciativa Científica Milenio.

8ª Feria Científica de la Universidad de Santiago, USACH; Charla titulada: "Del Espacio al Océano: Monitoreando el Cambio Climático". Dirigida a alumnos de educación básica y media.

Feria National

Students of

secondary

education level

20-10-2017 Chile


1 100 1

Laura

Ramajo Gallardo.

Laura Ramajo

XI Fiesta de la Ciencia y Tecnología,Parque Metropolitano año 2017


Students of

secondary

education level

07-10-2017 Chile


2 10000 2

Marcos Lardies

Carrasco.

1° feria cientifica del Colegio Dagoberto Godoy. Stand y

Feria National

Students of

secondary

21-10-2017 Chile


1 100 1

Nelson Lagos

Suarez.


charla Biomateriales Marinos

education level

Charla Difusión de las Ciencias para niños en la UAI


Students of

secondary

education level

10-11-2017 Chile


300 1

Marcos Lardies

Carrasco.

Charla Inaugural XII Congreso Regional Escolar de la Ciencia y Tecnología año 2017

Conferencia National

Students of

secondary

education level

04-10-2017 Chile


400 1

Marcos Lardies

Carrasco.

6° Feria Científica y tecnológica

Workshop National

Students of

secondary

education level

22-08-2017 Chile de los

Lagos 3 150 3

Laura

Ramajo Gallardo.

Laura Ramajo


7.2. - Products of outreach

Name of Product Product Objetive Target Public Type of Product" Scope

7.3.- Articles and Interviews

Type of Media and Scoupe

Local / Regional National International N° Interviews N° Articles N° Interviews N° Articles N° Interviews N° Articles Total

Written 2 1 6 15 0 0 24 Internet 0 0 8 10 2 1 21

Audiovisual 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 Total 3 1 16 25 2 1 48


Annex 8. - Connections with other sectors:

Activity and Objective

Expected Impact

Obtained Results

Type of Connection [Number]

Type of Activity

[Number]

Institution Name

Institution City, Region & Country

Agent Type

[Number]

Economic Sector

Annual Seminar on

Applied Research for the Mussel Farming Industry (SIAM)

Increased the awareness of

industry players in

cutting-edge research on

mussel production

and environmental sustainability

Extensive networking with mussel farmers (20-30), NGO’s and other

researchers involved in the topic. Increased

visibility of MUSELS

amongst the key industry

players

2 7

Instituto Tecnológico

para la Mitilicultura (INTEMIT)

Castro, Region de los Lagos, Chile

1 Fisheries and Aquaculture

Symposium Developing the basis for

climate change

adaptation in Tongoy Bay

Establish common ground to

develop the basis of

sustainable and resilient aquaculture practices in the scallop

industry

Broad outreach of

current information

on the environmental

status and trends in the

scallop farming area of Tongoy

Bay

2 5

Techical

High School “Carmen

Rodriguez Henriquez”

Tongoy, region de

Coquimbo, Chile

3 Education

INVERTEC-Ostimar Scallop farming

company

Tongoy, region de

Coquimbo, Chile



NOMENCLATURE: [Type of Connection] [1] Services Contract [2] Cooperation Agreement [Type of Activity] [1] Development of Studies [2] Project Implementation [3] Training [4] Prospective Activity [5] Scientific Training [6] Installation of Scientists [7] Others (specify at the table foot other type of activity) [Agent Type] [1] Industry and Services [2] Organizations and Public Services [3] Educational Sector

Annual activities

report

Establish and assess causal

linkages between

environmental variability

and Scallop production and deliver

the environmental

outlook for 2018

All relevant decision-

makers in the scallop

production company

informed on environmental

trends and their possible consequences

2 7

INVERTEC-Ostimar Scallop farming

company

Tongoy, region de

Coquimbo, Chile



Annex 9.- Total incomes:

Funds Accumulated

incomes to last year [$]

2017 Incomes

Total incomes to 2017 [$] Amount

[$]

Percentage of resources used by

the Center [%]

MSI 612.000.000 204.000.000 59%

816.000.000

Public funds PME 0

8.970.869

5% 450.000

Public Funds FONDECYT 1130254 C. Vargas

70.000.000 0 0 70.000.000

Public funds FONDECYT 1170065 C.Vargas

0 50.000.000 20% 10.000.000

Public Funds FONDECYT 1120988 B. Broitman

9.500.000 0 0 9.500.000

Public funds FONDECYT 1181300 B.Broitman

0 50.600.000 10% 5.060.000

Public fundsFONDECYT 1160145 S.Gelcich

0 50.000.000 30% 15.000.000

Public fundsFONDECYT 11400929 M.Lardies

12.000.000 45.000.000 10% 16.500.000

Private funds 3 INACH RT 08-16 M.Lardies

0 18.000.000 10% 1.800.000

Public funds FONDECYT 1171056 C.Duarte

0 59.000.000 10% 5.900.000

Public fundsFONDECYT 3170156

0 25.140.000 100% 25.140.000


L.Ramajo Public funds FONDECYT 11171068 A.Marin

0 7.500.000 10% 750.000

Private funds 2 PROYECTO INTERNO R17/17 U. DE LOS LAGOS A.Marin

0 2.500.000 10% 250.000

Public fundsFONDECYT 1161091 D. Narvaez

0 30.000.000 1.7% 500.000

Public funds FONDECYT 3150392 L. Saavedra

46.800.000 23.400.000 100% 23.400.000

Public funds FONDECYT 3180118 PI???

0 28.740.000 100% 28.740.000

Public funds FONDECYT 3150380 R. Estevez

9.360.000 23.400.000 20% 14.040.000

Private funds POGO SCOR Luis Cuevas

0 3.000.000 100%

3.000.000

TOTAL

759.660.000

629.250.869

1.046.030.000


Annex 10.- Exchange:

N° Tipo Investigador

Nombre Tipo de actividad realizada

Duración de la

estadía

País al que viajó

Entidad que financia (Milenio/Externo/Mixto)

1 Associate Cristian Vargas

LAOCA symposium organizer

3 Argentina Mixed

2 Associate Nelson Lagos

LAOCA symposium organizer

3 Argentina External

3 Young Luis Cuevas

Assistant symposium

LAOCA

3 Argentina Millennium


Meeting participant

4 Francia Mixed


Meeting participant

4 Brasil Mixed


Meeting participant

5 China Mixed

7 Young Luis Cuevas

Meeting participant

3 Francia Mixed

8 Young Carlos Lara

Meeting participant

3 Estados Unidos

Mixed

9 Young Luis Cuevas

Meeting participant

3 Noruega External


Meeting participant

COLACMAR

5 Brasil External


Meeting participant

2 Austria External

12 Associate Bernardo Broitman

Meeting participant

5 China External

13 Associate Marcos Lardies

Meeting participant

5 China External

14 Associate Nelson Lagos

Meeting participant

5 China External

15 Associate Marcos Lardies

Assistant symposium

Laoca



16 Assistant researcher

Cristian Duarte

Assistant symposium

LAOCA


17 Postdoctoral Researcher

Luisa Saavedra

Assistant symposium

LAOCA


18 PhD student Valeska San

Martin

Assistant symposium

LAOCA


19 Young Diego Narváez

Assistant symposium

LAOCA


20 Postdoctoral Researcher

Manuel Garcia

Huidobro

Assistant symposium

LAOCA


21 PhD student Valeska San

Martin

Meeting participant

COLACMAR

5 Brasil External

Investigadores que desde el extranjero viajan al centro N° Nombre

Investigador Nacionalidad Tipo de

actividad realizada

Duración de la

estadía

País desde el

que viajó

Entidad que financia (Milenio/Externo/Mixto)

1 Samuel Dupont

Swedish Lecturer for the graduate course

"Marine Evolution

under Climate Change"

6 Sweden Mixed

2 Piero Calosi Italian Lecturer for the graduate course

"Marine Evolution

under Climate Change"

6 Canada External

3 Liz Harper British EXHIBITOR Conference

"Driven from the tropics:

Brachiopods in the modern

world

1 United Kingdom

External

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