Mind Map Upsr Latest 2013

YEAR 4, YEAR 5, YEAR 6

SCIENCE

INVESTIGATING INVESTIGATING

LIVING LIVING THINGSTHINGS


EARTHEARTHANDAND

UNIVERSUNIVERSEE


TECHNOLOGTECHNOLOGYY


MATERIALSMATERIALS


FORCEFORCEANDAND

ENERGYENERGY

Basic needs of human

FoodFood

ShelterShelter

AirAir

WaterWater

To breathe

To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain

Give energyGrow

Stay healthy

Drinks

Grow

Stay healthy

1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs

Basic needs of animals

FoodFood

ShelterShelter

AirAir

WaterWater

To breathe

To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain

Give energyGrow

Stay healthy

Drinks

Grow

Stay healthy

1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs

Types :• holes• cave• nest• beehive

Plants have basic needs Plants have basic needs

AirAir SunlightSunlightWaterWater

With Basic needs :• grow healthy• grow well• not wilted

Without Basic needs:• wilted• turn yellowish• die

1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs

2.1 Analysing life processes in humans

Analysing life processes thathuman undergo

Respond To Stimuli

Respond To Stimuli

BreathingBreathing

ReproduceReproduce

Organs

Inhale – take in air

Exhale – give out air

Nose/Mouth Wind-pipe Lungs

A process to producetheir young or offspring

Rate of breath

Number of chest movement in a period of time

Organs

Eyes - sight

Nose - smell

Tongue - taste

Ears - sound

Skin - touch

ExcreteExcrete DefecateDefecate

Lungs( Carbon dioxide+ water vapour )

Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )

Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )

Faeces

Purpose :• avoid danger• avoid getting hurt• avoid getting injured• to survive

2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes

Behaviour That Can DisturbLife Processes

Smoking Taking DrugDrinking Alcohol

Effects• lung cancer• coughing

Effects• delay respond to stimuli• lose ability to walk in straight line• can cause accidents

How to avoidHow to avoid

participate in a campaign

discourage among their peers

2.3 Analysing the life processes in animals

Animals life processes

BreathingBreathingExcreteExcrete ReproduceReproduce

Lay eggsLay eggs Give birthGive birthOrgans

Lungs• monkey• bird• whale

Gills• fish• prawn

Lungs-book• crab

Moist skin• frog• earthworm

Trachea structure• insects

DefecateDefecate

To get rid of waste productfrom their bodies cat

tigerbatwhale

butterfly

bird

Life

processes plants

undergo

Plants respond to stimuli

water, sunlight, touch, gravity.

Why plants need to reproduce?

to ensure the survival of the species.

various ways plants reproducethrough…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem.

What will happen to the world if

plants do not reproduce?

no food supply.

Plants reproduce

Seeds – balsam, corn, durianSpores – fern, mushroomSuckers – banana, pineappleStem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapiocaLeaves – bryophyllum, begoniaStem – potato, onion, ginger and lily

the part of plant that responds

to touch.


to sunlight.

Shoot


to gravity.

Roots

the part of plant that responds to water

Roots

2.4 Understanding the life processes in plants

Special characteristics of animals that protect them

from danger

Special behaviour of animals that protect them

from danger

Thick and hard skinTo prevent their enemies from injuring

elephant and rhinoceros

Thick and hard skinTo prevent their enemies from injuring

elephant and rhinoceros

Hard shellSnails and tortoise retract their headand legs into the shell when the are

attacked by enemies

Hard shellSnails and tortoise retract their headand legs into the shell when the are

attacked by enemies

Hard scalesPangolins and crocodiles have hard

scales to protect their bodies from injuries

Hard scalesPangolins and crocodiles have hard

scales to protect their bodies from injuries

SpinesRaise the sharp spines when the enemies advance towards them

porcupine

SpinesRaise the sharp spines when the enemies advance towards them

porcupine

Horns Use their horn to attack enemies

deer and goat

Horns Use their horn to attack enemies

deer and goat

Sharp clawsTo protect themselves and their young from the enemies- lion ,cat,

bears, and eagle

Sharp clawsTo protect themselves and their young from the enemies- lion ,cat,

bears, and eagle

Spray black inkDark surrounding helps the animal not

to been seen by enemies – eg: octopus, squid

Spray black inkDark surrounding helps the animal not

to been seen by enemies – eg: octopus, squid

Poisonous sting or fangsCan hurt and kill enemies-eg..: scorpion,

centipede snake and bee.

Poisonous sting or fangsCan hurt and kill enemies-eg..: scorpion,

centipede snake and bee.

CamouflageHas body colour or patterns that that are

similar to the surroundingchameleon and zebra

CamouflageHas body colour or patterns that that are

similar to the surroundingchameleon and zebra

Pretend to dieTo trick their enemies

eg.: beetle

Pretend to dieTo trick their enemies

eg.: beetle

3.1 Understanding that animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from danger

Animals have specific characteristics

and behaviour to protect themselves from

extreme weather and survive

Hot weatherHot weather

Cold weatherCold weather

Wrinkled SkinElephant, hippopotamus and buffalo lose body heat through wrinkled skin

Wrinkled SkinElephant, hippopotamus and buffalo lose body heat through wrinkled skin

WallowingElephant, hippopotamus and buffalo keep their body cool by wallowing in

mud hole

WallowingElephant, hippopotamus and buffalo keep their body cool by wallowing in

mud hole

HumpsCamels store food and water in the form

of fats in the hump on their back

HumpsCamels store food and water in the form

of fats in the hump on their back

Thick FurPolar bears have thick fur to prevent their body

from losing heat to cold surroundings

Thick FurPolar bears have thick fur to prevent their body

from losing heat to cold surroundings

Fat Layers Under The SkinsPenguin, seal, and whales have fat layers under

their skin to keep their bodies warm

Fat Layers Under The SkinsPenguin, seal, and whales have fat layers under

their skin to keep their bodies warm

Small EarsSeals and Walruses have small ears to prevent

heat loss from their bodies

Small EarsSeals and Walruses have small ears to prevent

heat loss from their bodies

HibernatePolar bears hibernate during extreme cold

weather

HibernatePolar bears hibernate during extreme cold

weather

3.2. Understanding that animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from extreme weather

3.3. Understanding that animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to enable them to survive

The specific characteristics of plants that protect them

from enemies

The specific characteristics of plants that protect them

from enemies

characteristics that protect

plants

characteristics that protect

plants Have thorns

poisonous

Have fine hairs

Produces

latex

Close leaflets

when touch

3.4. Understanding that plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves from enemies

strong windstrong winddry regiondry region

Eg : cactus

a. Long roots to absorb waterb. Succulent stem can store waterc. Thorn can prevent the excessive loss of water

a. Long roots to absorb waterb. Succulent stem can store waterc. Thorn can prevent the excessive loss of water

Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree, mangrove tree

a. Have stems that bend easily b. Have buttress rootsc. Have separated leavesd. Needle- shaped leaves

a. Have stems that bend easily b. Have buttress rootsc. Have separated leavesd. Needle- shaped leaves

3.5. Understanding that plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves from dry region and strong wind

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

1.3 Volume of solid 1.3 Volume of solid

1.1 Length1.1 Length

1.2 Area1.2 Area

1.5 Mass1.5 Mass

1.6 Time1.6 Time

1.7 Standard units1.7 Standard units

1. Measurement

1.4 Volume of liquid

1.4 Volume of liquid

Length

Terminology

The distance between two points / place / position

Ways to measure

Measuring tape

Cubit

Arm spanString

Ruler

Standard Tools

Measuring tape Ruler

Unit

mm cm m km

Correct technique

The eye must be directly above the end of object

1.1. Understanding the measurement of length

Area

Area is the amount of space taken up by the surface of an object.

Terminology

Using square card with a sides of 1 centimetre

Standard unit

- Square millimetre (mm2)- Square centimetre (cm2)- Square metre (m2)- Square kilometre (km2)

- Using formula

Area = length X width1cm

1cm

Different ways to measure area

2cm

4cm

= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2

3cm

3cm

Placing uniform objects such as tiles, books and stamps on the surface of the objects

1.2. Understanding how to calculate area

Volume

Terminology

The amount of space that something takes up

1.3 Solid

1.4 LiquidFormula

length x width x height

Standard units

mm3 , cm3, m3

Tools

Standard units

Measuring cylinder

ml, lCorrect technique

a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus.b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus.

1.3. Understanding how to measure the volume of solid

1.4. Understanding how to measure the volume of liquid

Mass

Terminology

Amount of matter in an object

Tools

Electronic balance

Simple balance

Beam balance

Kitchen scale

Bathroom scale

Lever balance

Standard unit

mg g kg

Correct technique

1.5. Understanding how to measure mass

TimeTerminology

Duration between two event

Way to measure

sundial , sand clock , candle clock

Process that repeats uniformly can be used to measure time

-swinging pendulum

-pulse rate

- burning candle

-water dripping

-changing of day and night

-swinging pendulum

-pulse rate

- burning candle

-water dripping

-changing of day and night

Tool

Standard unit

second , minute , hour

Digital clock , watch , wrist watch , clock

Old clock

Events that can be used to measure time

1.6. Understanding how to measure time

easy to communicate and understanding

easy to communicate and understanding

for accuracy and consistency

for accuracy and consistency

The Importance of standard units

The Importance of standard units

1.7. Realising the importance of using standard units

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

The properties of materialsThe properties of materials

Insulator

Float on water

Conduct electricity

metal

Conduct heatSink in water

Allow light to pass through

Can be stretched

wood

stone rubber band

glass carbon plastics

metalwood

1.1. Understanding the properties of materials

WAYS TO KEEP THINGS

HOTHOT

Covered with insulating materialseg. husk, saw dust, polystrene

COLDCOLD

hot things cold things

To prevent heat loss

To prevent fromabsorbing heat

1.2. Applying the knowledge of properties of materials in everyday life

MaterialsMaterials

List of objects and materials that they

are made of

List of objects and materials that they

are made of

objects materials properties

knife metal hard

toilet paper

wood absorbent

car screen glass transparent

Reasons why particular materials are used to

make an object

Reasons why particular materials are used to

make an object

cheap

easy to get

strength

good quality

1.3. Synthesising the knowledge about uses of materials based on their properties

naturalmaterialsnatural

materialsman-madematerials

man-madematerials

woodwood metalmetal rubberrubbercottoncotton plasticsplastics synthetic clothsynthetic clothnylonnylon

reduce reuse recycle

paper plastic bag bottle plastics glass

Types of materialsTypes of materials

Ways of reuse, reduce and recycle

1.4. Knowing the importance of reuse, reduce and recycle of materials

MATERIALS

Object that RUST Object that RUST Object that

DO NOT RUST

Object made ofIRON and STEEL

Object made of GLASS, PLASTIC, WOOD, CLAY

and SILK

*nail*npoon*knife*needle

*glass*bottle*cup*pencil

1.5. Understanding that some materials can rust

RUSTING

Different ways to

prevent rusting

Different ways to

prevent rusting

* Coating with non rusting materials* paint* oil* grease

Reason for

preventing rusting

Reason for

preventing rusting

*Everlasting live*Save natural material*Save cost*Looking good

*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron incontact with air and water.

1.6. Understanding that rusting can be prevented

The solar systemThe solar system

List of constituents

List of planetsList of planets

Planets move around

the Sun

-Eight Planets-Natural satellites-Meteors-Comets-Asteroids

Mercury – MyVenus – VeryEarth – ExcellentMars – MotherJupiter – JustSaturn – ServedUranus – UsNeptune – Noodle

1.1. Understanding the Solar System

The relative size and distance

The relative size and distance

Size of the Sunrelative to the size

of the Earth

Size of the Earthrelative to the size

of the Moon

The relative distance fromthe Earth to the Sun comparedto the relative distance from the

Earth to the Moon

the Sun

1

the Earth

100 the Earth

1

the Moon

4

the Sun

the Earth the Moon

150 000 000 km 382 500 km

1 : 400

1.2. understanding the relative size and distance between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

Earth in theSolar SystemEarth in the

Solar System

Reasons why certain planets

are not conducivefor living things

Reasons why certain planets

are not conducivefor living things

EFFECTThe only planet in the

Solar System that has living things

The only planet in the Solar System that has living things

•The nearer the planet to the Sun , the hotter the surface of the planet .

•The farther a planet from the Sun , the colder the surface of the planet.•Do not have enough air and water.

•Earth is the third planet from the Sun. •It receives enough light and heat from the Sun.•It is not too hot or too cold.•The atmosphere of the Earth contains air. •There is water on Earth.

Much nearer : •The temperature on the Earth would rise.•Water on Earth would evaporate.•No water and the temperature would be very hot.Much farther :•The temperature on the Earth would drop.•Water would freeze into ice.•All living things would die.

1.3. Appreciating the perfect placement of the planet Earth in the Solar System

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life

Limitation of human abilityLimitation of human ability

Examples of human limitations are• Unable to see fine objects• Unable to speak loud• Unable to walk for long distance• Unable to see far away objects

Examples of human limitations are• Unable to see fine objects• Unable to speak loud• Unable to walk for long distance• Unable to see far away objects

Devices to overcome human limitation

Devices to overcome human limitation

Microscope- The usage of lens to see fine features of objects and microbes Microphone- To increase the voice volumeTelephone- To communicate from long distanceBicycle, motorcycle, airplanes- Can travel long distance in a shorter timeTelescope, binocular- To see far away objects

Microscope- The usage of lens to see fine features of objects and microbes Microphone- To increase the voice volumeTelephone- To communicate from long distanceBicycle, motorcycle, airplanes- Can travel long distance in a shorter timeTelescope, binocular- To see far away objects

Transportation

Land: Animal bicycle car train

Air : hot air balloon airship glider aeroplane

Water: canoe raft sampan ferry ship

Communication

Smoke carrier pigeon Telephone

Construction

Cave hut wooden house apartment

Development Of Technology

(example)

Development Of Technology

(example)

1.2. Understanding the development of technology1.2. Understanding the development of technology

Agriculture

hoe plough tractor combine harvester

Problems theyencounter in their daily life

Problems theyencounter in their daily life

Ideas to solve the identifiedproblems

Devices to solvethe problems identifiedDemonstrate that devices

invented can be used to solve the problems

identified

Technology can be used to solve problems

Cannot move and lift heavy thing

Cannot move farther

Sketch the model

Brain storming

. Wheel barrow

. lever

Pulley –easy to lift object from lower to higher level

Wheel barrow – can move heavy thing easily

1.3 . Synthesising how technology can be used to solve problems1.3 . Synthesising how technology can be used to solve problems

1.4. Analysing that technology can benefit mankind if used wisely1.4. Analysing that technology can benefit mankind if used wisely

AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

•CommunicationEnable human to learn more about things happening around the world

•TransportationEnable human to travel

far away places in shorter time•Agriculture

Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops

•ConstructionRoads, highways, bridges and

building is easier and faster to build

•CommunicationEnable human to learn more about things happening around the world

•TransportationEnable human to travel

far away places in shorter time•Agriculture

Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops

•ConstructionRoads, highways, bridges and

building is easier and faster to build

Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials

Environmental destruction result fromexcessive usage of natural resources

Social problem

Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive

use of chemicals

Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials

Environmental destruction result fromexcessive usage of natural resources

Social problem

Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive

use of chemicals




EARTHEARTHANDAND

UNIVERSUNIVERSEE




MATERIALSMATERIALS


FORCEFORCEANDAND

ENERGYENERGY

1.1 Understanding that microorganism is a living thing1.1 Understanding that microorganism is a living thing

MicroorganismMicroorganism

BacteriaBacteria FungiFungi ProtozoaProtozoa VirusVirus

Cannot see with naked eyes

GrowMoveBreathe

Characteristics

Causes thedough to rise

• Rotten oranges• Mouldy rice

tiny

1.2. Understanding that some microorganisms are harmful and some are useful1.2. Understanding that some microorganisms are harmful and some are useful

Harmful anduseful organisms

Harmful anduseful organisms

UsefulUseful HarmfulHarmful

Can cause

Illness Foodpoisoning

Food stale

Toothdecay

Making bread/tapai/tempe/fertilizer

PreventionPrevention

DiseaseDisease

Stomach upset

Measles/cough

Tooth decay

Conjunctivitis/mumps

Washing hand

Drink boiled water

Covering mouth and nose when coughingand sneezing

Survival of animal species

Survival of animal species

Animals take care of their eggs and young from being eaten by predators

How animals ensure the survival of their species.How animals ensure the survival of their species.

Some animals take care of their eggs and young and some do not

Bird – make their nest on high placeFrog – lay many slimy eggs and with bad smellSpider - kept in a bag underneath its bodyFish - keep their young in their mouthsSnake, Tiger - attack in order to protect their eggs Turtle – lay many eggs, bury their eggsKangaroo - carry their young in their pouches Elephant - stay in herds

2.1. Understanding that different animals have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species2.1. Understanding that different animals have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species

Survival of PlantSpecies

Water

Explosive mechanism

Wind

Animal

• Light

• Air Space in the fruits

• Not water absorbent

• Light

• Small in size

• Winged

• Dry when ripe

• Explodes when mature

• Brightly coloured

• Edible

• Have smell

• Have hooks

• Coconut

• Lily

• Shorea

• Angsana

• Lalang

• Rubber fruit

• Balsam fruit

• Chestnut

• Rambutan

• Mango

• Love grass

• Mimosa

Agents of dispersalAgents of dispersal Special characteristicsSpecial characteristics Examples

2.2. Understanding that different plants have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species2.2. Understanding that different plants have their own ways to ensure the survival of their species

Consequencesof

animals and plants

become extinct

Consequencesof

animals and plants

become extinct

Importance

shortage of food resource

animals and plants species may face extinction

2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species2.3. Realising the importance of survival of their species

Food ChainFood Chain

Animals and the food they eat

Animals and the food they eat

Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore

and omnivore

Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore

and omnivoreProducer Producer Consumer Consumer Construct food chainConstruct food chain

Green plant obtain energy from

the sun to make food.

GreenPlant as a producer

Herbivore :Animals that eat plants only.

e.g.: cow, goat, deer

Carnivore:Animals that eat other animals.

e.g.: tiger, lion

Omnivore:Animals that eat plants and

other animals

Animals that eat plantor other animals

are called consumers.

The food relationshipamong living things

can be shown bya food chain.

To construct food chain It must start

with plant as a producer.

In a food chainthe arrow

means ‘eaten by’

All living things need food to survive.

Green plant can make theirown food.

However animals cannot make their own food

3.1. Understanding food chain 3.1. Understanding food chain

Synthesizing food chain to construct food web

Food webFood web What will happen

If there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ?

What will happen

If there is a change in population of a certainspecies in a food web ?

Food web of different habitatsFood web of different habitats

What will happento a certain species

of animals if they

eat only one typeof food ?

What will happento a certain species

of animals if they

eat only one typeof food ?

Paddy field

garden

A change in the populationof a certain species

will effect the population of other species

They will face difficultyto survive – if the

source of food runs out

3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web3.2. Synthesizing food chain to construct food web

7INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

The Uses of Energy

Why energy is needed?

- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growing

- for living things to carry out life processes. Eg.: moving, breathing, growing

The Sources of Energy

Sun

- main source of energy- produces light and heat- main source of energy- produces light and heat

Food

- food contains stored energy- food contains stored energy

Wind

-Moving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills

-Moving air-Used to pump water, drive small sawmills

- to move, boil, melt, or bounce non-living things

FuelBatteries

- wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas

- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy

- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy

Water

- moving or falling water produce energy

- moving or falling water produce energy

1.1. Understanding the uses of energy1.1. Understanding the uses of energy

Energy can be transformed from one form to another

Form of energySound energy

Heat energy

Light energy Electrical energy Kinetic energy

Chemical energy

Potential energy

Energy can betransformed

a) lighting a candle Chemical energy → heat energy + light energy

b) Kicking a ball Chemical energy → kinetic energy

Example of appliance that make use of energy transform

a) Electric iron Electrical energy → heat energy

b) Radio Electrical energy → sound energy

c) Television Electrical energy → sound energy + light energy

1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another1.2. Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to another

Renewable and non-renewable

energy

Renewable energy

Energy that cannot be replenished

Resources –solar, wind,biomass fuel,water

Non-renewable energy

Energy that can be replenished when it is used up

Resources –natural gas,petroleum,coal

Why use energy wiselyHow to use energy wisely

Some energyresources cannotbe replenishedwhen used up

To savecost

Avoid wastage

Reducepollution

Turn off thetelevision whenno one iswatching it

Switch off thelights beforeleavingthe room

1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy1.3. Understanding renewable and non-renewable energy

Electricity SourcesDry cellDry cell

AccumulatorAccumulator

DynamoDynamo

Solar cellSolar cell

Types of circuitsTypes of circuits

Name Symbol

Dry cell

Connecting wire

Switch

Bulb

Symbols and componentsParallel circuit Series circuit

Differences

The bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter then the bulb in the series circuit

2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity2.1. Knowing the sources of electricity

2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit2.2. Understanding a series circuit and a parallel circuit

PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS

Danger of mishandling electrical appliances

Fire Burn Electric shock Electrocution

Safety precautions to be taken when using appliances

Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hand

Do not repair electrical appliances on your own

2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances2.3. Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electrical appliances

Light

Can be reflected

Reflection of light

Side mirror of a car

Periscope Kaleidoscope

Travels in a straight lineTravels in a straight line

How shadow is formed

How shadow is formed

When light is completely or

partially blocked by an opaque object

When light is completely or

partially blocked by an opaque object

The light that falls on objects ‘bounces off’ the objects and comes to your eyes

mirror

3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line3.1. Understanding that light travels in a straight line

3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected3.2. Understanding that light can be reflected

Uses of reflection

How ?

Heat

Gain heat Loss heatLoss heat

CoolerCoolerWarmer

Measure temperature using the correct technique

Measure temperature using the correct technique

The effects of heat on matterThe effects of heat on matter

Matter expands when heated

Matter contracts when cooled

4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness4.1. Understanding that temperature is an indicator of degree of hotness

4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter4.2. Understanding the effects of heat on matter

7INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

1.1. Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas

has mass

SOLID LIQUID GAS

fixed volume

fixed shape

has mass

no permanent shape

fixed volume

no fixed shape

has mass

no fixed volume

can be compressed

1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas

solidsolid liquid gas

watermilk

airsteam

woodstone

Changing states

of water

Changing states

of water

gas - liquidgas - liquid

liquid - solidliquid - solid

liquid - gasliquid - gas

solid - liquidsolid - liquid melting

Affected by windy and hot weather

evaporation

condensation

Freezing

1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another1.2 . Understanding that matter can change from one state to another

WATER CYCLEWATER CYCLEWATER CYCLEWATER CYCLE

Circulation of water in Circulation of water in the environmentthe environment

Circulation of water in Circulation of water in the environmentthe environment

Formation of clouds Formation of clouds and rainand rainFormation of clouds Formation of clouds and rainand rainImportance of waterImportance of waterImportance of waterImportance of water

Changes in the states of Changes in the states of matter in the water cyclematter in the water cycle

Liquid to gas (Liquid to gas (evaporationevaporation))Droplets of water will Droplets of water will become bigger andbecome bigger and heavier →heavier → rain

evaporation

condensation

sea

Gas → liquid Gas → liquid (Condensation) (Condensation)

1.3 . Understanding the water cycle1.3 . Understanding the water cycle

Appreciating the importance Appreciating the importance

of water resourcesof water resources

Appreciating the importance Appreciating the importance

of water resourcesof water resources

To prevent living aquatic from being To prevent living aquatic from being destroyed and undergoing extinctiondestroyed and undergoing extinction

Reasons to keep our Reasons to keep our water resources clean. water resources clean. Reasons to keep our Reasons to keep our water resources clean. water resources clean.

To ensure the cleanliness To ensure the cleanliness of water supplyof water supply

To regulate To regulate the formation of the formation of clouds and rainclouds and rain

To avoid infected To avoid infected diseasesdiseases

Ways to keep our water Ways to keep our water resources clean resources clean

Keep the rivers cleanKeep the rivers clean Cleanliness campaignCleanliness campaign

1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources1.4. Appreciating the importance of water resources

PROPERTIESPROPERTIES

tastetasteusing using litmus paper litmus paper to identifyto identify

Properties of acidic, alkaline Properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substancesand neutral substancesChanges in colour Changes in colour

of litmus papersof litmus papers

blue to redblue to red red to bluered to blue

no changeno change

bitterbittersoursour

ALKALIALKALIACIDACID

NEUTRALNEUTRALSUBSTANCESSUBSTANCES

•Taste bitter Taste bitter •Change red litmus Change red litmus paper bluepaper blue

•Taste sour Taste sour •change blue litmus change blue litmus paper redpaper red

Other tastes – salty / sweetOther tastes – salty / sweetno changes in litmus paperno changes in litmus paper

acidacid alkalinealkaline

neutralneutral

2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances2.1. Understanding the properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances

acidacidalkalinealkaline

7

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE

Show directions

Indicates Seasons

A group of stars that form a

certain pattern in the sky

A group of stars that form a

certain pattern in the sky

Importance of constellation

Importance of constellation

Identify constellation

What constellation

Is ?

1.1. Understanding the constellation1.1. Understanding the constellation

Big Dipper

ScorpionOrion

Southern Cross

North

North

South Kite or Cross Scorpion

Hunter

Laddle

south

planting harvestingdesert sea

Earth rotates on it axis

Earth rotates and at the same time

moves around the Sun

Moon rotates on it axis

Moon rotates and at the same time moves around the Earth

The Moon and the Earth move

round the Sun at the same time

The earth rotates on its axis from west to east

The changes in length and position

of the shadow throughout the day

2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun2.1. understanding the movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

The occurrence of

day and night

The occurrence of

day and night

It is day time for the part of the Earth facing the Sun

It is night time for the part of the Earth facing

away from the Sun

Day and night occurdue to the rotation of the Earth

on its axis

the Sun the Earth

night-timenight-time

daytimedaytime

axisaxis

westwest easteast

2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night2.2. Understanding the occurrence of day and night

Phases of the Moon

1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon

7- Old half moon

2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon2.3. Understanding the phases of the Moon

7


The shapes of objects in a structure

The shape of objectsThe shape of objects Identify shapes in a structureIdentify shapes in a structure

CuboidCube Cylinder

Sphere ConePyramid

Sphere

Cylinder

1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure1.1. The shapes of objects in a structure

Shapes of objects that are stable

The factors that affect stability of objects

How base area affects stability

How height affects stabilityHow height affects stability

The strength

and stability

of a structure

The factors that affect the strength of a structure

Design a model thatis strong and stable

Cube, cone, cylinder

Height , base area

Bigger base area more stableSmaller base area less stable

Lower object more stableHigher object less stable

Types of materials usedSteel ,Iron, Wood

Suggested design for:

Bridge – one with manila card and one with wood

1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure1.2. The Strength and Stability of a Structure




EARTHEARTHANDAND

UNIVERSUNIVERSEE




MATERIALSMATERIALS


FORCEFORCEANDAND

ENERGYENERGY

7

INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

AnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAnimals

Some live in solitary

(Animals that live by themselves)

SomeSomelive in groupslive in groups

(Animals that live together)(Animals that live together)

zebra giraffesgiraffesbees ants tigerlizardcatsnake

For safetyFor Food

To avoid competition for food To avoid competition for space

Cooperation is a form of interaction

1.1. Understanding that some animals live in groups and others live in solitary

Competition is a form of Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsInteraction among living things

Competition is a form of Competition is a form of Interaction among living thingsInteraction among living things

Animals

Plants

Factors for competition

Food

Water

Mate

Shelter

Space

Limited food resources

Limited water resources

Trying to get mate to breed

Defending or looking for shelter

Defending or looking for space

Factors for competition

Nutrient

Sunlight

Water

Space

Limited sunlight can reach them

Limited water resources

Limited space

Limited nutrient

Reason

Reason

endangered species

Extinct animal

Endangered animal Endangered plant

•Dodo bird•Dinosaur•Auk bird•Desert rat kangaroo•Mammoth•Quagga•Tasmanian wolf

•Tiger•Turtle•Orang Utan•Panda•Rhinoceros•Hornbill•Blue Whale

•Raflessia•Pitcher plant•Venus fly trap•Wild orchid

1.3. Understanding the responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species

Responsibility of human beings in protecting endangered species

Factors of Extinction

ways to prevent extinction

Illegal HuntingElephant – TuskTiger – Skin & BoneBlue Whale – FatGiant Panda – FurRhinoceros - Horn

Illegal LoggingCutting of treesForest clearingThe destruction of habitat

Excessive developmentWater & air PollutionMany habitats have beendestroyed

Extreme WeatherLong dry seasonFlood Forest fire

Campaign against excessive loggingEducate the public about the importance of protecting & conserving animals & plantAvoid consuming or buying products made from endangered speciesEnforcing the lawReplantingSelective loggingSetting up forest reservedSetting rehabilitation centreEncourage recycle , reuse & reduce Campaign

Impact of human

activities on environment

Environmental destruction caused by human activities

Uncontrolled human activities to the Earth

Environmental Destruction

Environmental Destruction

ErosionLandslideFlash-FloodsWater & Air pollution

Illegal & Excessive LoggingClearing ForestImproper management of development

•Erosion•Landslides•Flash-Floods•Loss of habitats

Illegal & Excessive hunting

Improper management of waste from factory

Improper management of waste from household

Extinction of endangered

species

Air & water pollution

Water pollution & flash flood

Excessive use of fertilisers, pesticides

& herbicides

Heavy usage of motor vehicles

The Lost of habitatThe lose of raw material &food suppliesClimate changesThe rise in temperature on earthExtinction of endangered speciesThe balance in nature is disturbedThe loss of the Earth’s natural water basin

Air & water Pollution

Air pollution

1.4. Knowing the impact of human activities on environment

7

INVESTIGATING FORCE

AND ENERGY

1.1. Understanding that push and pull are forces

FORCE

Pull – an action of bringing an object towards us

Push – an action of moving an object away

DEFINITION

EffectsMove a stationary object

Stop a moving object

Change direction of moving object

Make object move faster or slower

Change the motion of an object

Change the shape of an object

Friction

Definition

-Force that apposes the movement of an object.

-Two surfaces in contact

Effects

-Surfaces warm.

-Difficult to move

-Wear and tear.

-Slow down and stop

Reduce

-Lubricant :oil, wax, grease or water

-Air cushion

-Talcum powder

-Roller marbles

-Ball bearing

Advantages1. Hold thing2. Walk without slipping3. Sharpen a knife4. Slow down moving

Disadvantages1. Wear and tear2. Produce heat

Advantages/Disadvantages

1.2. Understanding the effects of a force

1.3. Analysing friction

Speed

A measurement on how fast an object moves

an object which moves faster travels a

longer distance in a given time

Definition

an object which move faster takes a shorter

time travel a given distance

Conclusion

Calculation

FormulaSpeed = distance / time

Unit• km/h,• m/s ,• cm/s

2.1. Understanding speed

INVESTIGATING MATERIALS

•Unpleasent smell eg. Fish with bad smell•Unpleasent taste eg. milk turns sour•Changed colour eg.vegetables, rice•Changed texture eg. Yogurt turns curd•Mouldy eg. Yogurt have many black spots

Characteristics of Spoilt Food

Characteristics of Spoilt Food

Food that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eaten

Food that has turned bad and is not suitable to be eaten

Bacteria Fungus

•Air•Water•Nutrient•Suitable Temperature( 5°C - 65° C ) •Suitable acidity

Food spoilage

1.1. Understanding food spoilage

Condition for microbes to grow

Condition for microbes to grow

What is spoilt food

What is spoilt food

Microbes that spoilt food

Microbes that spoilt food

Food preservation(Process whereby food turning

bad is slowed down)

Food preservation(Process whereby food turning

bad is slowed down)

Drying Boiling CoolingVacuum packing

Pickling

Freezing

Example :fish, prawn, fruits

Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot

grow without water

Example :Eggs, water

Reason :Boiled will killed bacteria

and fungi

Example :eggs, vegetables, fruits

Reason :Cold temperature slow

down the growth ofbacteria and fungi

Example :Biscuits, crackers,

Reason :Bacteria and fungi

cannot grow without water

Reason :Prevents the growth

of bacteria andfungi

Example :Fruits, chili, fish

Bottling/canning

PasteurisingSalting

Reason :Bacteria and fungi cannot active at a

very low temperature

Example :Fish, meat


cannot grow without air

Example :Meat, fish, fruits

Reason :Destroy

microoganism

Example :Milk, yogurt


cannot grow in verysalt substances

Example :Fish, eggs

Reason :Dry the food

Example :Fish, meat

Reason :Slow down theloss of water

Example :Fruits

Smoking

Waxing

1. 2. Synthesising the concept of food preservation

The importance of preserving food

The importance of preserving food

Food can be keptfor a longer time

Easier tostore

Easier tocarry

To prevent thewastage of foodTo prevent the

wastage of food

1.3. Realising the importance of preserving food

Waste disposal

Waste disposal •Gas•Liquid•Solid

•From agricultural activities•From vehicles and open burning•Toxic materials•Rubbish

Sources of wastes

Types of waste

•Open burning•Littering•Chanelling- waste factories into river• Releasing smokeand dangerous gasses

•Treat waste water•Keep environment and home clean•Reuse and recyclerubbish and waste• Reduce car•Build factories farfrom home

The improperways disposal

Smoke dissolved form weak acidKills plants & fishDestroys building & bridges

Rubbish thrown in rivers or drain Cause flash-floods& water over flowKill plants & animals in the river

Open burningCause asthma & eye irritationAir pollution

DiseaseCause by eating polluted fish and plants

The harmfuleffect

The proper disposal ways

2.1. Understanding the effects of improper of on the environment

• Animal extinction• Habitats destruction•Spoil natural beauty•Change Climate

• Animal extinction• Habitats destruction•Spoil natural beauty•Change Climate

• Tin can• Plastic• Synthetic• Glass• Metal objects

• Tin can• Plastic• Synthetic• Glass• Metal objects

• Give out poisonous gas• Unpleasant smell

• Give out poisonous gas• Unpleasant smell

• Return nutrient to soil• Prevent rubbish from accumulate

• Return nutrient to soil• Prevent rubbish from accumulate

•Paper• Wood• Food• Meat

•Paper• Wood• Food• Meat

• Fungi

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Bacteria

Waste thatcan decay

Waste that decayWaste that decay

Waste that do not decayWaste that do not decay

Microbes that causewaste to decay

Microbes that causewaste to decay

Advantages of waste decayingAdvantages of waste decaying

Disadvantages of waste decaying

Disadvantages of waste decaying

What will happen ifwaste do not decay

2.2. Understanding that some waste can decay

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH & THE UNIVERSE

Eclipse of the moon

The Earth is between the Sun

and the Moon

The Earth is between the Sun

and the Moon

The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are positioned in a

straight line


straight line

The Earth’s position blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon

The Earth’s position blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon

The Earth’s shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon

The Earth’s shadow is formed on the Moon surface and cause an eclipse of the Moon

Sun Moon

Earth

1.1. Understanding the eclipse of the moon

ECLIPSE OF THE SUNECLIPSE OF THE SUN

The Moon is between the Sun

and the Earth

The Moon is between the Sun

and the Earth


straight line


straight line

The Moon’s blocks the sunlight from reaching

the Earth

The Moon’s blocks the sunlight from reaching

the Earth

The Moon’s shadow is formed on the Earth’s surface

SUN

Earth

Moon

The place that experienced full eclipse is completely dark during the day time

PHASES OF THE SUN DURING THE ECLIPSE

1.2. Understanding the eclipse of the sun

WHEEL AND AXLE

Simple machine

LEVERLEVER

WEDGE

PULLEY

GEAR

INCLINED PLANE

SCREW

-To carry or move heavy objects

- e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor

-To carry or move heavy objects

- e.g. hammer , spoon , scissor

-To lift heavy objects easier

eg. stairs , slanting wooden plank

-To carry to move heavy objects easily

eg screw driver , car spanner

-To carry or lift objects to a higher place

eg. flag pole , crane

-To cut or separate objects

eg. knife , saw , axe

-To fix two objects together

eg. drill bit , spanner

-To move objects easily

eg. Gear in a watch

A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster

A device that allows us to use less force to make work easier or faster

1.1. Understanding simple machines

ComplexmachineComplexmachine

WheelbarrowLever, wheel and axle

CraneGear, pulley, lever

Egg beaterGear, wheel and axle

BicycleGear, lever,

wheel and axle ScissorsLever, wedge

Hand drillWedge, wheel and axle

1.2. Analysing a complex machine

MachinesMachines

Difficulty in moving heavy thingsDifficulty in moving heavy things

Will not be able to travel from one place to another place which is farWill not be able to travel from one place to another place which is far

Help to move heavy thingsHelp to move heavy things

Work in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raised

Work in the fields is made easier and productivity of agricultural product is raised

Construction work is made easier and can be completed fasterConstruction work is made easier and can be completed faster

Help us travel from one place to anotherHelp us travel from one place to another

1.3. Appreciating the invention of machines that make life easier

Mind Map Upsr Latest 2013

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