Eclipses

Minda Kreatif

 The apparatus shown above is to simulate a natural phenomenon that involves the Sun, the Moon and the Earth.

 

(i) What is the phenomenon shown above?

__________________________________________________________

 

(ii) How does the phenomenon occur?

____________________________________________________________

 

(iii) Can you observe the phenomenon shown above at all places on Earth and at the same time?

_____________________________________________________________

  (iv) What is represented by the torchlight, the ping pong ball and the globe?

 

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Section A - PAPER 1

Multiple Choice Questions 1 – 3

Choose the correct answer.

 

Construct : Knowledge in scienceLevel : easy

1. Which of the following properties of light causes eclipses to occur?

 

A

Reflection of light

 

B

Refraction of light

 

C

Dispersion of light

 

D

Light travels in a straight line.

  

Construct : Understanding in scienceLevel : Moderate

2 Which of the following is true about the eclipse of the Moon.

 

A

Can only be seen by people living at the Earth’s equator.

 

B

A partial eclipse of the Moon occurs when the Moon is in the umbra region.

 

C

The eclipse of the Moon occurs at a very short period of time.

 

D

The eclipse of the Moon occurs when the Earth, the Moon and the Sun are aligned in a straight line.

  

Construct : Understanding in scienceLevel : Moderate

3 Which of the following shows the correct positions of the Earth, the Sun and the Moon during a lunar eclipse?

2

 

A

 

B

 

C

 

D

 

Answer & Explanation

Section A

1. Answer D

Explanation

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Since light travels in a straight line, a shadow is formed when the path of the light is blocked by an opaque object.

 

2. Answer D

ExplanationOption A is wrong because the eclipse of the Moon can be seen anywhere on Earth.Option B is wrong because q partial eclipse of the Moon occurs when the Moon is in the penumbra region.Option C is wrong because an eclipse of the Moon occurs

 

3. Answer: B

ExplanationA lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.

Pengurusan Grafik

Rujukan

The Eclipse Phenomenon

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1. The Earth revolves around the Sun and at the same time the Moon revolves around the Earth.

 

2. The position of the Moon, and the Earth changes continuously in their respective orbits. At certain times, the Sun, Earth and the Moon are aligned in a straight line. At such time, eclipses occur.

 

3. There are two types of eclipse; (i) Eclipse of the moon or lunar eclipse.(ii) Eclipse of the sun or solar eclipse.

4. One of the properties of light is that it travels in a straight line. When the ray of light is blocked by an opaque object, a shadow is formed.

 

5. The Earth and the moon are opaque objects. When sunlight is blocked by the Earth or the Moon, the Earth’s or the

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Moon’s shadow is formed.

 

6. There are 2 types of the Earth’s or the Moon’s shadow that can be formed.

(i) Umbra – a dark shadow region

(ii) Penumbra – a light shadow region. This region receives a little bit of sunlight.

Eclipse Of The Moon

1. An eclipse of the Moon occurs if; (a) The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are in a straight line.(b) The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon

 

2. The shadow of the Earth falls on the surface of the Moon. This causes the Moon not to be seen for a while when observed from the Earth.

3. When the Moon is in the penumbra region, a partial eclipse of the Moon is observed. At this point, the moon looks like a

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crescent when observed from the Earth.

 

4. When the Moon is in the umbra region, a total eclipse of the Moon is observed. The Moon cannot be seen at all from the Earth.

 5. A lunar eclipse lasts longer than a solar eclipse because the

shadow of the Earth is bigger than that of the Moon.

 

The photograph above shows the phases of the moon as seen in the city of Geneva on 16 September, 1997. The picture is taken by Martial Trezzini.

 

Tip

Important notes to remember on eclipses;

How it happens Why it happens

The position of the Sun the Moon and the Earth when it happens

Eclipses

Lembaran Kerja

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Fill in the blanks with the correct words taken from the box above.

 

1. A shadow is formed when the path of light is blocked by an _________object.

 

2. The dark region area is known as the ________whereas the light region is known as the ____________.

 

3. The eclipse of the moon occurs when ___________is situated between the Moon and the Sun.

 

4. When the Moon is in the penumbra region. It looks __________in shape when seen from the Earth.

Answers

1. opaque

2. umbra, penumbra

3. Earth

4. crescent

 

Friction

Minda Kreatif

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1. Push a toy truck on the surface of a table. What happens to the toy truck?

______________________________________________________

 

2. The toy truck will finally slows down and come to a stop. Why does this happen?

______________________________________________________

 

3. Now push the same toy truck on a smoother surface such as a piece of glass. Do you observe any changes in the movement of the toy truck?

______________________________________________________

 

4. Put some weights on the toy truck and push it across the surface of the table as in (1). Does the toy truck stop faster or slower than the previous time?

______________________________________________________

 

5. What conclusion can you make from this activity?

______________________________________________________

 

BIMBINGAN 

Construct : Understanding in scienceLevel : Easy

1 Which of the following surfaces will produce the greatest frictional force?

 

A

Glass

 

B

Silk cloth

 

C

Plywood

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D

Sand paper

   

Construct : Understanding in science Level : Moderate

2 Which of the following statements is true about frictional force?

  I Friction produces heat.   II Friction opposes motion.   III Friction can be reduced by using ball bearings.   I

VThe distance travelled by a moving object is shorter when there is more friction.

  

A

I and II only

 

B

II and III only

 

C

I, II and III only

 

D

I, II, III and IV

  

Construct : Aplication in science Level : Moderate

3 Which of the following is the application of friction in everyday life?

  I Using spikes or studs on the bottom of shoes.   II Using tread patterns on shoes and tyres.   III Applying resin on the bow of violins.   I

VRubbing chalk on the tip of the billiard cue.

  

A

I and II only

 

B

I and III only

 

C

I, II and III only

 

D

I, II, III and IV

 

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Construct : Analysis in science Level : Difficult

4 In which of the following situations is the frictional force the greatest friction?

 

A

  

B

  

C

  

D

 

Answer & Explanation

1.Answer B

Explanation

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In comparison, the sand paper has the roughest surface. Hence it will produce the greatest frictional force.

 2.Answer D

Explanation All of the above is correct.

  3.Answer A

Explanation All of the options are correct.

 4.Answer C

Explanation All wooden blocks are of the same weight. Hence the amount of force exerted is the same. The only difference is the type of surface. The concrete surface is the roughest and therefore will produce the greatest friction.

Tips

To answer this question, the pupils must analyse all the situations carefully and make conclusions based on the information given. Pupils must identify the fixed variable in all four situations (in this case, the weight of the wooden block). The fixed variable will contribute the same effect on all four situations. Then identify the manipulated variable (in this case, the type of surface). Choose the manipulated variable that will produce the greatest friction.

Notes

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FRICTION  

Frictional force or friction is a force generated when two surfaces come into contact.

Friction always acts in the opposite direction of motion.

Friction slows down a moving object.

Rough surfaces produces more friction than a smooth one.

Frictional force is greater when an object is heavier.

 

FACTORS THAT AFFECT FRICTION

Weight Of Object – The heavier the object the greater is the friction.

Example : A bigger box is more difficult to push than a smaller box across the same surface.

Type of surface - A rougher surface will produce more friction than a smoother surface.

Example: The same box will be harder to push on a wooden surface compared to a glass surface.

 

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Interaction Among Living Things

Minda Kreatif

A group of year 6 pupils carry out an investigation to determine the effect of planting plants close to each other and further from each other.

Pot A contains plants that are planted close to each other whereas Pot B contains plants that are planted further from each other. The plants are planted in two pots of the same size and filled with the same amount and type of soil. The plants in both pots are of the same species and received the same amount of nutrients and water.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the condition of the plants after a few weeks.

  1. Which plants show a better growth?

……………………………………………………………………………………

2. Why do the plants in pot A have poor growth?

……………………………………………………………………………………

3. What kind of interaction occurs among the plants in both pots?

……………………………………………………………………………………

4. What do the plants in both pots compete for?

……………………………………………………………………………………

5. What can be done to relieve the condition in Pot A?

……………………………………………………………………………………

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Analisa Soalan

Section A Questions 1 - 3Choose the correct answer .

1 Competition exists among living things that

 

A

live in the same habitat.

 

B

need the same resources.

 

C

are of the same species.

 

D

need the same and limited resources.

 2

Animals that live in the same habitat compete for   I water   II food   III mate   I

Vsunlight

  

A

I and II only

 

B

II and III only

 

C

I, II and III only

 

D

I, II and IV only

 3

Which of the following is the way in which plants with soft stems compete with bigger and taller trees for sunlight?

 

A

By producing more chlorophyll to absorb sunlight

 

B

By having a sturdier and stronger root system.

 

C

By climbing bigger trees

 

D

By having bigger leaves

 

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4 The diagram shows a food web in a community.

Which animal is the source of competition among the eagle and the snake?. 

A

Rat

 

B

Robin

 

C

Paddy plant

 

D

Rat and robin

 5

A farmer puts 15 rabbits in a small cage and provide s them with limited food. Which of the following will not reduce the competition among the rabbits?

 

A

Increasing the food supply.

 

B

Removing a few rabbits from the cage.

 

C

Putting the rabbits in a bigger cage.

 

D

Putting the rabbits in a smaller cage.

 

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SECTION B

Write your answer in the space providen below.

Azizul and Amin are having a conversation in Pak Hamid’s and Pak Busu’s orchard.

Azizul :Wow, the rambutans in Pak Hamid’s orchard are big and abundant.

 

Amin :Yes, you are right Azizul, but the rambutans in Pak Busu’s orchard are small and less abundant.

 

Azizul Did you also notice that Pak Busu’s orchard is full of weeds and undergrowth?

 

Amin :Yes. In Pak Busu’s orchard there are a lot of angsana trees that are bigger and taller than the rambutan trees.

 

(a) Build an inference based on the quantity of rambutans in Pak Hamid’s and Pak Busu’s orchard.

……………………………………………………………………………………

................................................................................................................

 

(b) What hypothesis can you make based on your answer in (a) above?

……………………………………………………………………………………

................................................................................................................

 

(C) Predict what will happen to the rambutan trees in Pak Busu’s orchard if he

cuts down some of the angsana trees.

……………………………………………………………………………………

................................................................................................................

 

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Answer & Explanation

Section A

1. Answer : DExplanation : D is the best answer. Competition occurs among living things that need the same and limited resources at a particular time. 

 2. Answer : C

Explanation : Animals compete for food, water, space and mate. Animals do not compete for sunlight because animals do not need sunlight to make food.

 3. Answer : C

Explanation : Plants with soft stems adapt themselves by climbing, coiling or living on tall trees.

  4. Answer : A

Explanation : From the food web shown, the rat is the source of food for both the snake and the eagle. Therefore the rat is the source of competition among the eagle and the snake.

 5. Answer : D

Explanation : Cramping the rabbits in a smaller cage will not reduce the competition among the rabbits. The rabbits will compete more with one another for the limited space.

 

Section B

1.(a) The number of rambutans in Pak Hamid’s orchard is more than in Pak Busu’s orchard because the rambutan trees in Pak Hamid’s orchard receive more sunlight/ water/ nutrients/ less competition than the rambutan trees in Pak Busu’s orchard.

(b) Examples of acceptable answers

(i) If the rambutan trees receive more sunlight, they will produce more

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fruits.

 

(ii) If the rambutan trees receive more nutrients, they will produce more fruits.

 

(iii) The lesser the competition received by the rambutan trees, the more

fruits they will produce.

 

(c) The quantity of fruits produced by the rambutan tree increases.

The rambutan trees becomes more fertile.

There are 3 science process skills being tested in the question.

(i) Inference

That is an explanation given based on observations made.

 

(ii) Hypothesis

A statement that shows a relationship between the manipulated and responding variable s.

Example:

If the rambutan trees receive more sunlight, they will produce more fruits.

Manipulated variable – amount of sunlight received

Responding variable – quantity of fruits produced

 

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Pengurusan Grafik

Rujukan

Look at the two animals in the picture above. Why are they fighting each other?

1. Living things depend on other living things and their environment for food, shelter and protection.

 

2. Living things also interact with non-living things in the environment.

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3. The relationship among living things is known as interaction.

 

4. There are 2 types of interaction among living things;

(i) Cooperation

(ii) Competition

 

COMPETITION

1. Living things need basic things like food, shelter and protection in order to survive.

 

2. Animals need food, water, shelter, space and mate or breeding partner.

 

3. Plants need nutrients, water, space and sunlight.

 

4. At times, these basic needs become limited or scarce. Therefore living things that live in the same habitat have to compete against one another.

 

5. Competition is a form of interaction in which living things fight among themselves to obtain the same and limited resources that they need to survive.

 

6. Competition can occur in living things of the same or different species.

 

7. The competition and cooperation among living things will result in the balance in nature.

 

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The hens are competing for the same food.

 

The deer and antelopes are competing for the same water source.

 

The trees and shrubs are competing for sunlight.

 

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The byrophyllum seedlings are competing for nutrients, water and space.

 

Ujian Diagnostik

1 The diagram shows a picture of an animal.

What kind of energy does the animal possess?  

A Heat energy

 

B

Kinetic energy

 

C

Chemical energy

 

D

Potential energy

 2 The diagram shows an object.

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What kind of energy is stored in the object?  

A

Light energy

 

B

Potential energy

 

C

Electrical energy

 

D

Chemical energy

 3

Which of the following sources of energy is renewable?   I Solar   II Wind  III Coal   IV Crude oil

  

A

I and II only

 

B

II and III only

 

C

III and IV only

 

D

I, II and III only

 4 The diagram shows a torchlight that is turned on.

What energy changes occur in the torchlight?

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A

 

B  

C  

D

5 The diagram shows a boy climbing up a staircase.

What is the energy change that occurs?  

A  

B  

C  

D

 6  

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What changes in energy occurs when the device above is used? 

A  

B

 

C  

D  

7 Which of the following electrical appliances converts electrical energy to heat energy?

  I  

   II  

   III  

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   IV  

 

A I and II only

 

B I and III only

 

C II and IV only

 

D

I, II, III and IV

    

 8

What type of energy is stored in the foods shown above?  

A

Potential energy

  Chemical energy  

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B  

C

Kinetic energy  

 

D

Heat energy

 9

Which of the following is true about light energy?   I It can move in a vacuum   II It is produced by vibrations   III It allows plants to make food        

A

I only.

 

B

I and III only.

 

C

III and IV only  

 

D

I, II, III and IV

 10 Sound energy is produced by  

A

the vibrations of particles

 

B

the generation of electricity

 

C

the reflection of light

 

D

heating elements

 

Ujian Diagnostik

1 A piece of bread turns mouldy after being left in a dark cupboard for a few days. Which of the following conditions can cause the bread to turn mouldy?

 

A Dark and cold

 

B

Dark and moist

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C

Hot and dry

 

D

Hot and airy

 2

Which of the following planets is furthest from the Sun?  

A

Uranus

 

B

Neptune

 

C

Venus

 

D

Jupiter

 3

Which of the following planets has the greatest gravitational pull?  

A

Mars 

 

B

Earth

 

C

Jupiter

 

D

Pluto

 4

Which of the following statements is correct?  

A The Sun is a giant star.

 

B The Earth is the fourth planet from the Sun.

 

C All planets revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits.

 

D

The asteroid belt is situated between the planet Jupiter and Uranus.

  Consists of a mixture of ice and dust

Has a long head and tail

Revolves around the Sun in large orbits

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 5

The above information is related to  

A

comets

 

B

meteors

 

C

asteroids

 

D

meteoroids

 6

Which of the following statements is true?   I All planets have natural sattelites.  II Planets do not give out their own light.  III All planets revolve around the Sun while rotating on their own axis.

  

A

I only

 

B

I and II only

 

C

II and III only

 

D

I, II and III

 7

Which of the following is true about the planet Mars?   I It has 3 moons  II It is the fourth planet from the Sun.   III It is also known as the red planet   IV It has no atmosphere

  

A I and II only

 

B II and III only

 

C III and IV only

  I, II and III only

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D

 8

Which of the following is true?   

Planet Number of moons Position from the Sun

 

A Neptune 15 8

 

B Uranus 16 8  

 

C Venus 0 2  

 

D Saturn 23 6

 9

Small rocks that enter the Earth’s atmosphere will burn and produce a streak of bright light in the sky forming a

 

A

meteor

 

B

comet

 

C

meteorite

 

D meteoroid

10

The diagram shows a member of the Solar System.

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Which of the following is true about the member shown?  

A

It is made of rocks and metals.

 

B

Its tail always moves away from the Sun.

 

C

It revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit.

 

D

It burns and produces a streak of bright light as it enters the Earth’s atmosphere

 

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