Metabolic network analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ... · Metabolic network analysis of...
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Metabolic network analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa persister cells
Anna S. BlazierBiomedical Engineering
University of VirginiaOctober 19th, 2018
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Persister cells are transient phenotypic variants that tolerate antimicrobial treatment
Collins(2013)CellHostandMicrobe
Persistercellsareimplicatedin:• therecalcitrantnatureofchronic
infections• theresistancetodisinfectionby
industrialantimicrobialsPersistercellmetabolismispoorlyunderstood
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a model organism for the study of persister cell metabolism
• Metabolically versatile, allowing it to thrive in diverse environments
• Clinically relevant: – Multi-drug resistant, Gram-
negative opportunistic pathogen
• Industrially relevant:– Exhibits resistance to
disinfection and preservative treatment
soil catheters
humantissues shampoo
Pseudomonasaeruginosa
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High-throughput datasets and modeling will be used to study persister metabolism
Time-kill curve
RNA-seq Metabolomics BiologGenerate condition-specific genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions
Validation P. aeruginosa PA14 grown on LB agar
Isolate colonies in LB broth
Inoculate fresh LB Expose to PBS (diluent) and
BIT (antimicrobial)
BIT
PBSΔt = 5hT = 37C
Collect samples
Simulate pertubations to the networks to generate
testable predictions
xx
Δt = 24hT = 37C
Δt = 12hT = 37C
Δt = 12hT = 37C
Δt ~ 24hT = 37C
Δt = 0hT = 37C
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Persister cells enable P. aeruginosa to tolerate treatment with the antimicrobial BIT
0
4
8
0 5 10 15 20 25Time (hours)
log1
0(C
FU/m
L) 0% BIT - untreated0.02% BIT - 10X MIC0.2% BIT - 100X MIC2% BIT - 1000X MIC
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0
4
8
0 5 10 15 20 25Time (hours)
log1
0(C
FU/m
L) 0% BIT - untreated0.02% BIT - 10X MIC0.2% BIT - 100X MIC2% BIT - 1000X MIC
Persister cells enable P. aeruginosa to tolerate treatment with the antimicrobial BIT
SamplesforRNA-sequencingdatacollection
U5
U24
P24
P5
P0,U0
P:persistersamplesU:untreatedsamples
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Persister cells have a distinct transcriptional state compared to untreated cells
Numbersofdifferentiallyexpressedgenes(DEGs)(adjustedp<0.01)
Comparison DEGsP5vs.P0 925P24vs.P0 805U5vs.U0 693U24vs.U0 92
P5 vs.
P0
P24 vs
. P0
U5 vs.
U0
U24 vs
. U0
−2−1012log2(Fold-change)
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Genes up-regulated in persister conditions are significantly enriched for metabolic pathways
valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesisribosome
pyruvate metabolismpentose phosphate pathway
microbial metabolism in diverse environmentsmetabolic pathways
fructose and mannose metabolismflagellar assembly
fatty acid metabolismcyanoamino acid metabolism
carbon metabolismbiosynthesis of secondary metabolites
biosynthesis of antibioticsbiosynthesis of amino acids
bacterial chemotaxisaminoacyl−trna biosynthesis
alpha−linolenic acid metabolism2−oxocarboxylic acid metabolism
20 10 0 10 20% of genes
U5 vs. U0U24 vs. U0P5 vs. P0P24 vs. P0
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0
4
8
0 5 10 15 20 25Time (hours)
log1
0(C
FU/m
L) 0% BIT - untreated0.02% BIT - 10X MIC0.2% BIT - 100X MIC2% BIT - 1000X MIC
Persister cells enable P. aeruginosa to tolerate treatment with the antimicrobial BIT
Samplesformetabolomicsdatacollection
U5
U24
P24
P5
P0,U0,D0
D5
D24
P:persistersamplesU:untreatedsamples
D:deadsamples
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Persister cell metabolite footprints are distinct from untreated and dead conditions
untreated T24dead T5dead T24persister T5persister T24untreated T5persister T0untreated T0dead T0
ribosesulfate*
S−adenosylhomocystein5−oxoproline
histidinolarginine
8−hydroxyguanineN−acetylarginine
thioproline2−methylserine
methylsuccinateornithine
gamma−glutamylglutamateN−acetylglutamine
trehalosegamma−glutamyltyrosine
4−methyl−2−oxopentanoatecysteine−glutathione disulfide
gamma−glutamylphenylalanineadenosine−2',3'−cyclic monophosphate
butyrylglutamine/isobutyrylglutaminecarnitine
cadaverine5−(2−Hydroxyethyl)−4−methylthiazole
phenylalanylglycinealanylleucine
maleatevalylglutamine
catechol sulfateleucylglycine
prolinehistidylalanine
adenosine 2'−monophosphateN−formylphenylalanine
glycylleucineglycylvaline
alpha−ketoglutarategamma−glutamylmethionine
N6−carboxymethyllysineisoleucylglycinepyridoxamine
trehalose 6−phosphatephosphate
2'−deoxyuridinegulonate*
trans−nonadecenoate (tr 19:1)*ribonate
2,4−diaminobutyrateN−acetylhistidine
3−(4−hydroxyphenyl)lactate4−imidazoleacetate
N−acetylmethionine sulfoxideadenosine 5'−monophosphate (AMP)
N6−acetyllysine2'−deoxyadenosine 5'−monophosphate
4−hydroxyphenylacetate1−palmitoyl−2−oleoyl−GPE (16:0/18:1)
o−TyrosineO−acetylhomoserine
pipecolate
−1.5
−1
−0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Relative Intensity
T0 T5 T24
Untreated
T0 T5 T24
PersisterT0 T5 T24
Dead
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ribosesulfate*
S−adenosylhomocystein5−oxoproline
histidinolarginine
8−hydroxyguanineN−acetylarginine
thioproline2−methylserine
methylsuccinateornithine
gamma−glutamylglutamateN−acetylglutamine
trehalosegamma−glutamyltyrosine
4−methyl−2−oxopentanoatecysteine−glutathione disulfide
gamma−glutamylphenylalanineadenosine−2',3'−cyclic monophosphate
butyrylglutamine/isobutyrylglutaminecarnitine
cadaverine5−(2−Hydroxyethyl)−4−methylthiazole
phenylalanylglycinealanylleucine
maleatevalylglutamine
catechol sulfateleucylglycine
prolinehistidylalanine
adenosine 2'−monophosphateN−formylphenylalanine
glycylleucineglycylvaline
alpha−ketoglutarategamma−glutamylmethionine
N6−carboxymethyllysineisoleucylglycinepyridoxamine
trehalose 6−phosphatephosphate
2'−deoxyuridinegulonate*
trans−nonadecenoate (tr 19:1)*ribonate
2,4−diaminobutyrateN−acetylhistidine
3−(4−hydroxyphenyl)lactate4−imidazoleacetate
N−acetylmethionine sulfoxideadenosine 5'−monophosphate (AMP)
N6−acetyllysine2'−deoxyadenosine 5'−monophosphate
4−hydroxyphenylacetate1−palmitoyl−2−oleoyl−GPE (16:0/18:1)
o−TyrosineO−acetylhomoserine
pipecolate
−1.5−1−0.500.511.5R
elative Intensity
T0 T5 T24
Untreated
T0 T5 T24
Persister
T0 T5 T24Dead
Persister cell metabolite footprints are distinct from untreated and dead conditions
untreated T24dead T5dead T24persister T5persister T24untreated T5persister T0untreated T0dead T0
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Persister cell metabolite footprints are distinct from untreated and dead conditions
untreated T24dead T5dead T24persister T5persister T24untreated T5persister T0untreated T0dead T0
ribosesulfate*
S−adenosylhomocystein5−oxoproline
histidinolarginine
8−hydroxyguanineN−acetylarginine
thioproline2−methylserine
methylsuccinateornithine
gamma−glutamylglutamateN−acetylglutamine
trehalosegamma−glutamyltyrosine
4−methyl−2−oxopentanoatecysteine−glutathione disulfide
gamma−glutamylphenylalanineadenosine−2',3'−cyclic monophosphate
butyrylglutamine/isobutyrylglutaminecarnitine
cadaverine5−(2−Hydroxyethyl)−4−methylthiazole
phenylalanylglycinealanylleucine
maleatevalylglutamine
catechol sulfateleucylglycine
prolinehistidylalanine
adenosine 2'−monophosphateN−formylphenylalanine
glycylleucineglycylvaline
alpha−ketoglutarategamma−glutamylmethionine
N6−carboxymethyllysineisoleucylglycinepyridoxamine
trehalose 6−phosphatephosphate
2'−deoxyuridinegulonate*
trans−nonadecenoate (tr 19:1)*ribonate
2,4−diaminobutyrateN−acetylhistidine
3−(4−hydroxyphenyl)lactate4−imidazoleacetate
N−acetylmethionine sulfoxideadenosine 5'−monophosphate (AMP)
N6−acetyllysine2'−deoxyadenosine 5'−monophosphate
4−hydroxyphenylacetate1−palmitoyl−2−oleoyl−GPE (16:0/18:1)
o−TyrosineO−acetylhomoserine
pipecolate
−1.5−1−0.500.511.5R
elative Intensity
T0 T5 T24
Untreated
T0 T5 T24
Persister
T0 T5 T24Dead
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Persister cell metabolite footprints are distinct from untreated and dead conditions
untreated T24
dead T5
dead T24
persister T5
persister T24
untreated T5
persister T0
untreated T0
dead T0
−3−2−10123R
elative Intensity
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ribosesulfate*
S−adenosylhomocystein5−oxoproline
histidinolarginine
8−hydroxyguanineN−acetylarginine
thioproline2−methylserine
methylsuccinateornithine
gamma−glutamylglutamateN−acetylglutamine
trehalosegamma−glutamyltyrosine
4−methyl−2−oxopentanoatecysteine−glutathione disulfide
gamma−glutamylphenylalanineadenosine−2',3'−cyclic monophosphate
butyrylglutamine/isobutyrylglutaminecarnitine
cadaverine5−(2−Hydroxyethyl)−4−methylthiazole
phenylalanylglycinealanylleucine
maleatevalylglutamine
catechol sulfateleucylglycine
prolinehistidylalanine
adenosine 2'−monophosphateN−formylphenylalanine
glycylleucineglycylvaline
alpha−ketoglutarategamma−glutamylmethionine
N6−carboxymethyllysineisoleucylglycinepyridoxamine
trehalose 6−phosphatephosphate
2'−deoxyuridinegulonate*
trans−nonadecenoate (tr 19:1)*ribonate
2,4−diaminobutyrateN−acetylhistidine
3−(4−hydroxyphenyl)lactate4−imidazoleacetate
N−acetylmethionine sulfoxideadenosine 5'−monophosphate (AMP)
N6−acetyllysine2'−deoxyadenosine 5'−monophosphate
4−hydroxyphenylacetate1−palmitoyl−2−oleoyl−GPE (16:0/18:1)
o−TyrosineO−acetylhomoserine
pipecolate
−1.5−1−0.500.511.5R
elative Intensity
T0 T5 T24
Untreated
T0 T5 T24
Persister
T0 T5 T24Dead
Persister cell metabolite footprints are distinct from untreated and dead conditions
untreated T24dead T5dead T24persister T5persister T24untreated T5persister T0untreated T0dead T0
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Persister cell metabolite footprints are distinct from untreated and dead conditions
T0 T5 T24
uridine 3'−monophosphate (3'−UMP)cyano−alanine
2−methylcitrate/homocitrate2−aminoadipate
3−hydroxy−2−ethylpropionate3,4−dihydroxy−1,5−cyclohexadiene−1−carboxylic acid
N−acetylserineerythritol
N−delta−acetylornithineurea
N−acetylleucineN−acetyltryptophan
malatethymine
4−acetamidobutanoateN−acetyltyrosine
quinolinateN−acetylmethionine
phenylacetatepyridoxate
3−ureidopropionatethymidine
N−acetylvalineindoleacetate
N−acetylthreoninenicotinate ribonucleoside
N−acetylisoleucinedimethylglycine
1,5−anhydroglucitol (1,5−AG)N2−acetyllysine
arabonate/xylonateS−methylcysteine
salicylateglutamate
pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)lysylleucine
tyrosylglycine4−hydroxybenzoate
tyramine2−keto−3−deoxy−gluconate
pantothenateN−monomethylarginine
3−hydroxyisobutyratethreonine
10−undecenoate (11:1n1)serine
gamma−glutamylisoleucine*2−hydroxyphenylacetate
glycineN−acetyl−cadaverine
homoserinegamma−glutamylglycine
N6,N6,N6−trimethyllysine
T0 T5 T24
succinate1−oleoylglycerol (18:1)
xanthineglutarate (C5−DC)
uracilgluconate
leucylglutamine*alpha−ketoglutaramate*
alanyl−glutamyl−meso−diaminopimelate2−oxoarginine*
2−ketogluconate3−methyl−2−oxobutyrate
3−hydroxyhexanoatesebacate (C10−DC)
(3'−5')−uridylyladenosine6−hydroxynicotinate
(3'−5')−cytidylyladenosine(3'−5')−cytidylyluridine*
3−indoxyl sulfateisobutyrylglycine
4−ethylphenylsulfatealpha−hydroxyisocaproate
N−acetylglutamateisovalerylglycine
6−oxopiperidine−2−carboxylateadenosine 3'−monophosphate
T0 T5 T24
(3'−5')−adenylyluridineallantoin
alpha−hydroxyisovaleratebeta−guanidinopropanoatehydantoin−5−propionic acid
2−piperidinonemevalonolactone
1−methyl−beta−carboline−3−carboxylic acid3−hydroxy−3−methylglutarate
N−acetylneuraminatephenol sulfate
N−alpha−acetylornithinephenethylamineN−acetylproline
guanosine 3'−monophosphate (3'−GMP)N−carbamoylalanine
N−formylanthranilic acidbetaine
cytidine 2',3'−cyclic monophosphate3−methylhistidine
2'−deoxyguanosine4−hydroxycinnamate
tryptaminecytidine 2' or 3'−monophosphate
malonate3−sulfo−L−alanine
fructosesuccinimide
lactatetyrosine
azelate (C9−DC)harmane
phenylalanylalanineerucate (22:1n9)
oxalate (ethanedioate)
−1.5−1−0.500.511.5R
elative Intensity
Untreated Persister Dead
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High-throughput datasets and modeling will be used to study persister metabolism
Time-kill curve
RNA-seq Metabolomics BiologGenerate condition-specific genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions
Validation P. aeruginosa PA14 grown on LB agar
Isolate colonies in LB broth
Inoculate fresh LB Expose to PBS (diluent) and
BIT (antimicrobial)
BIT
PBSΔt = 5hT = 37C
Collect samples
Simulate pertubations to the networks to generate
testable predictions
xx
Δt = 24hT = 37C
Δt = 12hT = 37C
Δt = 12hT = 37C
Δt ~ 24hT = 37C
Δt = 0hT = 37C
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GENREs are emerging as powerful tools for antimicrobial target discovery
AdaptedfromSchellenbergeretal.,NatProtoc.,2011
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10A -1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0B 0 0 0 0 1 1 -1 0 0 0C 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0D 0 0 0 1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0E 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1 0F 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1
Metabolite
s
ReactionsGENRE:Genome-scalemetabolicnetworkreconstruction
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R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10A -1 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0B 0 0 0 0 1 1 -1 0 0 0C 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0D 0 0 0 1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0E 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1 0F 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 -1
Metabolite
s
Reactions
AdaptedfromSchellenbergeretal.,NatProtoc.,2011
GENREs are emerging as powerful tools for antimicrobial target discovery
GENRE:Genome-scalemetabolicnetworkreconstruction
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Condition-specific models can be generated by integrating omics data with the PA GENRE
Xenobiotics
Virulence Factor
Transport
Terpenoids & polyketides
Secondary Metabolites
Other amino acids
Other
Nucleotides
Lipids
Glycans
Exchange
Energy
Cofactors & Vitamins
Carbohydrates
Amino acids
0 50 100 150 200Counts
Func
tiona
l Cat
egor
y
U5U24P5P24
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fdnH is important for persister cell viability
fdnH-Nitrate-inducibleformatedehydrogenasesubunitbeta• Involvedinthebreakdownofformate
• Associatedwithantibioticresistance,ironhomeostasis,andadaptationtochronicallyinfectedhostsites
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Wild−type
fdnH
Frac
tion
of C
FUs
at 2
4 ho
urs
*
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Summary: Metabolism of persister cells is altered compared to untreated cells
• RNA-sequencinganalysisindicatedthatpersistercellsareinadistincttranscriptionalstate
• Metabolomicsprofilingrevealedthatpersistercellshaveauniquemetabolicfootprint
• Computationalmodelingsuggestedmetabolictargetsthatinterruptviabilityofpersistercells
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AcknowledgementsPapin LabAdvisor: Jason PapinGlynis KollingMatt JeniorDebi LuzaderMaureen CareyGreg MedlockKris RawlsBonnie DoughertyLaura DunphyTom MoutinhoPatrick GelbachJulia Hiser
Funding SourcesUnileverWagner FellowshipSEAS Teaching FellowshipNIH R01 GM088244NIH 5T32 GM008715-15
UnileverAlejandro AmezquitaAline Metris
Thesis CommitteeChair: Kevin JanesPhil BourneAlison CrissShayn Peirce-Cottler